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Vijayanagar Empire During- 1336 -1672-A Brief Study

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Vijayanagar Empire During- 1336 -1672-A Brief Study ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 9 | September 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188 VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE DURING- 1336 -1672-A BRIEF STUDY B.C.Krishnaprasad Assistant Professor Department Of History Government First Grade College- Hosadurga Karnataka ABSTRACT Harihara became the first ruler, and by 1346 the whole of Hoysala kingdom passed into the hands of the Vijayanagara rulers. Bukka succeeded his brother on the throne of Vijayanagara in 1336 and ruled till 1337. By 1337, the Sultanate of Madurai had been annexed. The beginning of the Vijayanagar-Bahmani conflict started on a large scale during the reign of Bukka I in 1367. He also sent an embassy to the Emperor of China. Under Harihara II (1377-1406. He successfully invaded Gulbarga and Bidar and restored the puppet Sultan Mahmud to the throne. To commemorate this act of restoration he assumed the title of’ Yavanarajya Sthapanacharya. Krishna Deva Raya maintained friendly relations with Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor whose ambassador Friar Luis resided at Vijayanagar. His relations with Portuguese were governed by two factors: The copper plate inscriptions such as the Srirangam copper plates of Devaraya II provide the genealogy and achievements of Vijayanagar rulers. The two brothers took possession of Kampili from Hoyasala ruler of Karnataka, Ballala III. They later established a new city on the southern. The Tuluva dynasty was founded by Vira Narasimha. The greatest of the Vijayanagar rulers, Krishna Deva Raya belonged to the Tuluva dynasty. He possessed great military ability. His imposing personality was accompany. The battle of Talikot marks the final downfall of Vijayanagar as a centralized Hindu kingdom. But its local Hindu Chiefs or Nayaks kept hold of their respective fiefs, and the Muhammadan kings of the south were only able to annex a part of its dominions. KEYWORDS: Harihara, Bukka, Sangama, Tuluva, Devaraya, Venkatappa, Bijapura, Muslins, Talikote, British, Madras INTRODICTION Bukka succeeded his brother on the throne of Foundation: Vijayanagara in 1336 and ruled till 1337. By 1337, the The Vijayanagara kingdom was founded by Sultanate of Madurai had been annexed. Harihara and Bukka of the Sangama dynasty in 1336. The interests of the Vijayanagara rulers and the At the instance of their guru Vidyaranya, they Bahamani kingdom which had come into existence in established their kingdom with its capital at 1347, clashed in three separate and distinct areas: in the Vijayanagar. Tungabhadra doab, in the Krishna- Godavari delta Harihara became the first ruler, and by 1346 and in the Marathwada country. the whole of Hoysala kingdom passed into the hands of the Vijayanagara rulers. 2020 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013 246 ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 9 | September 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188 The beginning of the Vijayanagar-Bahmani of civil wars among the contenders. After some time, conflict started on a large scale during the reign of the throne was usurped by the king’s minister Saluva Bukka I in 1367. He also sent an embassy to the Narsimha and the Saluva dynasty was established. Emperor of China. Under Harihara II (1377-1406) Saluva dynasty (1486-1505): Vira Narsimha (1503-04) Vijayananara Empire embarked upon a policy of the regent of Immadi Narasimha, usurped the throne eastern expansion. He was able to maintain his position after his assassination and laid the foundation of the in the face of the Bahmani-Warangal combination. He Tuluva dynasty in 1505. invaded Ceylon. Tuluva dynasty (1505-1570): Vira Narasimha had the Deva Raya I (1406-22) was defeated by the title of Bhujabala (1505-09). Bahmani ruler Firoz Shah in 1407. He had to give his After his brief reign, he was daughter in marriage to Firoz Shah. He defeated the succeeded by his younger brother Krishna Deva Raya Reddis of Kondavidu and recovered Udayagiri. In (1509-30 A.D.) who was the greatest ruler of the 1419, he defeated Firoz Shah. Vijayanagar Empire. Under him, Vijayanagara Deva Raya II (1422-1446) was the greatest Emerged as the strongest military ruler of the Sangama dynasty. He began the practice of power in the south. He defeated the rebellious chiefs employing Muslims in the army. He was called Immadi of Ummattur, the Gajapatis of Orissa and Sultan Adil Deva Raya. In his inscriptions he has the title of Shah of Bijapur. Gajabetekara (the elephant hunter). Dindima was his He successfully invaded Gulbarga and Bidar court poet. Abdur Razzak of Persia visited his and restored the puppet Sultan Mahmud to the throne. kingdom. Deva Raya II is the author of two Sanskrit To commemorate this act of restoration he assumed the works Mahanataka Sudhanidhi and a commentary on title of’ Yavanarajya Sthapanacharya’ (The restorer of the Brahmasutras of Badrayana. the Yavana kingdom). He conquered almost the whole There was confusion in the Vijayanagara of Telangana from the Gajapati king Pratapraudra and Empire after the death of Deva Raya II. Since the rule the Sultan of Golcunda. of primogeniture was not established, there was a series Krishna Deva Raya maintained friendly The supply of imported horses by the relations with Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor Portuguese to Vijayanagar. whose ambassador Friar Luis resided at Vijayanagar. Krishna Deva Raya was also a great patron of His relations with Portuguese were governed by two art and literature, and was known as Andhra Bhoja. factors: He was the author of the Telugu work Common enmity with Bijapur. Amuktamalyada and one Sanskrit work Jambavati 2020 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013 247 ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 9 | September 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188 Kalyanam. His court was adorned by the Venkata, Sadasiva Raya ascended the throne in 1543. Ashtadiggajas (the eight celebrated poets), of But the real power was in the hands of Rama Raja, the whom, Allasani Peddana was the greatest. son-in law of Krishna Deva. The Bahmani rulers except His important works include Manucharitam Berar combined to inflict a crushing defeat on and Harikatha Saramsamu. Krishna Deva Raya also Vijayanagar in the Battle of Talikota or Rakshasa- built the famous temples of Krishnaswamy, Hazara Tangadi in 1565. Ramaswamy and Vitthalaswamy at his capital. Foreign This battle is generally considered to mark the travellers like Nuniz, Barbosa and Paes speak of his end of the great age of Vijayanagara. Although the efficient administration and the prosperity of his kingdom lingered on for almost one hundred years empire. under the Aravidu dynasty founded by Tirumala Raya After the death of Krishna Deva Raya, the with its capital at Penugonda, it came it to an end in struggle for succession followed among his relations. 1672. After the uneventful reigns of Achyuta Raya and The three ancient kingdoms, Chera, Chola, succession such as that of Madura, traced back by and Pandya, occupied the Dravidian country, the piety of genealogists for more than two thousand peopled by Tamil-speaking peoples. Pandya, the years. The Chera kingdom enumerates fifty kings, largest of them, had its capital at Madura, and traced and the Chola sixty-six, besides minor dynasties. its foundation to the 4th century B.C. The Chola The authentic history in Southern India kingdom had its headquarters at Combaconum and begins with the Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar or Tanjore. Talkad, in Mysore, now buried by the sands Narsinha, from 1336 to 1672 AD. The capital can of the Kiveri, was the capital of the Chera kingdom still be traced within the Madras District of Bellary, 288 to 900 AD. The 116th king of the Pandya on the right bank of the Tungabhadra river, vast dynasty was overthrown by the Muhammadan ruins of temples, fortifications,, tanks, and bridges, general Malik Katur in 1304. But the Musalmans haunted by hyaenas and snakes. For at least three failed to establish their power in the extreme south, centuries, Vijayanagar ruled over the southern part and a series of Hindu dynasties ruled from Madura of the Indian triangle. Its Rajas waged war and made over the old Pandya kingdom until the 18th century. peace on equal terms with the Muhammadan Sultans No European kingdom can boast a continuous of the Deccan. The latter part of Muhammad bin Tughlaqs and provincial governors. The rebellion of Hasan reign witnessed a spate of rebellions by the nobles Shah resulted in the establishment of the Madurai 2020 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013 248 ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 9 | September 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188 Sultanate. In 1336 the Vijayanagar kingdom was The copper plate inscriptions such as the founded. In 1347 Bhamini kingdom was established. Srirangam copper plates of Devaraya II provide the The history of Vijayanagar Empire constitutes an genealogy and achievements of Vijayanagar rulers. important chapter in the history of India. The Hampi ruins and other monuments of Four dynasties Vijayanagar provide information on the cultural 1 Sangama, contributions of the Vijayanagar rulers. The 2. Saluva, numerous coins issued by the Vijayanagar rulers 3. Tuluva and contain figures and legends explaining their tittles 4. Aravidu ruled Vijayanagar from and achievements. AD 1336 to 1672. The year AD 1336 saw the emergence of a The sources for the study of Vijayanagar are new power, the kingdom of Vijayanagar in the varied such as literary, archaeological and south-western part of Andhra on the banks of the numismatics.
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