DOCSLIB.ORG

Hoysala King Ballala Iii (1291-1342 A.D)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hoysala King Ballala Iii (1291-1342 A.D) FINAL REPORT UGC MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT on LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA III (1291-1342 A.D) Submitted by DR.N.SAVITHRI Associate Professor Department of History Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s Arts and Commerce College, Mysore-24 Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION South Western Regional Office P.K.Block, Gandhinagar, Bangalore-560009 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to Express My Gratitude and Indebtedness to University Grants Commission, New Delhi for awarding Minor Research Project in History. My Sincere thanks are due to Sri.Paramashivaiah.S, President of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I am Grateful to Prof.Panchaksharaswamy.K.N, Honorary Secretary of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I owe special thanks to Principal Sri.Dhananjaya.Y.D., Vice Principal Prapulla Chandra Kumar.S., Dr.Saraswathi.N., Sri Purushothama.K, Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff, members of Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s College, Mysore. I also thank K.B.Communications, Mysore has taken a lot of strain in computerszing my project work. I am Thankful to the Authorizes of the libraries in Karnataka for giving me permission to consult the necessary documents and books, pertaining to my project work. I thank all the temple guides and curators of minor Hoysala temples like Belur, Halebidu. Somanathapura, Thalkad, Melkote, Hosaholalu, kikkeri, Govindahalli, Nuggehalli, ext…. Several individuals and institution have helped me during the course of this study by generously sharing documents and other reference materials. I am thankful to all of them. Dr.N.Savithri Place: Date: 2 CERTIFICATE I Dr.N. Savithri Certify that the project entitled “LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA iii (1299-1342 A.D)” sponsored by University Grants Commission New Delhi under Minor Research Project is successfully completed by me. This work has not been published anywhere before this in any University. Dr.N.Savithri Place: Date: 3 PART-A 1 Broad Subject : History 2 Duration : 2 years 3 Principal Investigator : Dr.N.Savithri Sex : Female Date of Birth : 5/5/1957 Qualification : M.A., Ph.D Designation : Associate Professor Address College : Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s Arts and Commerce College, Mysore Residential : #33, 2nd Cross, ‘G’ Block, Ramakrishna-nagara, Mysore-22 Contact Number : 9845032761 Email ID : [email protected] Name of Institution where the project will be undertaken a) Department : History b) University : University of Mysore c) Teaching Experience : 32 years d) Research Experience : 18 years e) Year of Award of : March 1996 Doctoral Degree f) Title of Thesis of : “Ruling and Rural Elites in the Doctoral Degree Maiden Regional of the Hoysalas” g) Publications Papers published : 10 Papers unpublished : 06 Books published : 02 4 PART-B PROPOSED RESEARCH WORK Final Report “LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA III (1291-1342 A.D) CONTENTS CHAPTER I 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Geographical Background 1.3 Sources 1.4 Review of Literature 1.5 Scope of the Study 1.6 Objectives 1.7 Methodology CHAPTER 2 2.1 Accession of Ballala III 2.2 Reunification of the Empire 2.3 Conflict with the Sevunas and Action against refractory feudatories 2.4 Malik Kafur’s attack on Dorasamudra CHAPTER III 3.1 Ballala III and his role in Civil War of Pandyas of Madurai 3.2 War against Kampiladeva 3.3 Ballala’s increase of sphere of influence in Tamil Country 3.4 Second Invasion on Dorasamudra during Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah 3.5 Third Invasion during the Reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq 3.5.1 The Revolt of Bahauddin Gurshasp 3.5.2 The Destruction of Kampili Kingdom 5 3.5.3 Ballala III and Gurshasp’s Revolt 3.6 Ballala’s Concentration of Southern Frontier 3.7 Battle of Kannanur and Koppam 3.7.1 Victory of Ballala III 3.7.2 Victory turned into a defeat and the tragic end of Ballala III 3.8 Ballala III and Vijayanagara CHAPTER IV Administration during Ballala III CHAPTER V Social Life during Ballala III CHAPTER VI Economic Life during Ballala III CHAPTER VII Religious Life during Ballala III CHAPTER VIII Education and Literature during Ballala III CHAPTER XI Inferences Appendices Maps Genealogy Bibliography Photos 6 CHAPTER-I LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA III (1291-1342 A.D) INTRODUCTION The Hoysalas have a dominant role in the political and cultural history; not only of Karnataka but also of south India. Their contribution in political history, administration, religion, literature and art and architecture are varied and interesting. Unfortunately not much work has been done on this dynasty. The Hoysala dynasty had the good fortune of having some very illustrious kings like Vishnuvardhana, Ballala II, Somesvara, Narasimha III and Ballala III who made their dynasty politically and culturally great. The Hoysalas ruled from 1000-1346 A.D. They nearly ruled for 350 years. a) Sources Our knowledge of the History of Karnataka has remarkably increased since the beginning of the twentieth century. Many archaeological remains and literary works have been brought to light sources of information for the purpose of study of the History of Karnataka in general and in the History of the Hoysalas in particular. For this purpose much credit should be given to the eminent scholars and epigraphists of the West like Cunningham, J.F. Fleet and B.L. Rice. Dr. Fleet started the systematic collection and publication of the numerous inscriptions in the northern Karnataka areas of then the Bombay province1. The publication of twelve volumes of Epigraphia Carnatica by B.L.Rice and another four (Volumes 14-17) from the Department of Archaeology, Government of Mysore came into being with translations and notes. In addition to it, the text part of inscriptions along with transliterations and references have been published. They added extra information to the historicity of towns and temples of the Hoysala period. 7 Now the University of Mysore has taken the work of revising and reediting the inscriptions of Epigraphia Carnatica and Mysore Archaeological Reports and brought out the nine volumes. Besides, Epigraphia Indica, Indian Antiquary, South Indian Inscriptions and Hyderabad Archaeological series have published number of Hoysala epigraphs.2 The Kannada Research Institute, Dharwar contains a few inscriptions, belonging to Bombay Karnataka regions. Epigraphical Sources The subject under study possessed enough of Hoysala epigraphs. In total, there are about 2000 inscriptions. Majority of the inscriptions are found in the districts of Hassan, Mysore, Mandya and Bangalore. But some of them are defaced and fragmentary. Only a very few of them are completely spoiled. The inscriptions are purely poetic in style. They were composed in different metres like Kanda, Vritta, Champu etc. They are engraved both on copper plates and stone. The script is in Kannada, Sanskrit and Tamil. Outwardly the inscriptions register gifts for all sorts of charitable purposes but a thorough and careful study of them reveal the activities of the state in the overall development and progress of society. From the inscriptions we get information as to the number of different portfolios of the administrative machinery, the concept of danas, social structure based on the system of Chaturvarna and their mobility, eighteen samayas and so on. For example, kings were engaged in making great gifts of the four Vedas.3 The Neralige copper plate of Hoysala Ballala II aims at the settlement of Brahmins and the promotion of learning.4 Custom of offering Annadana and Santarpana was the main feature of this period.5 Thus the study of Hoysala inscriptions to a great extent serves our purpose in enlightening the above aspects. The inscriptional evidences to an extent supply the concept of different terms like 8 Kutumba (family) Vamsa, Vivaha (marriage) and Harihara cult etc. they are adequate to undertake a critical study of state activities in relation to the progress of the Hoysala society. b) Geographical Background The physical geography consists of natural vegetation, soils and rivers, Karnataka is bounded by Maharashtra in the north, Kerala and Tamilnadu in the South, Andhra Pradesh in the east and Arabian sea in the west. Topographically the state is divided into four parts. 1. Coastal region 2. Northern Maidan 3. Malnad 4. Southern Maidan Coastal Region The low lying tract between Western Ghats and the Arabian sea is a picturesque region of great beauty. It is full of rivers, isolated peaks and detached range of hills and receives heavy and assured rainfall between June and August, measuring about 254cms to 279cms. The soils are lateritic except in isolated stretches near the seaside where alluvium is found. It has dense forest followed by coconut and arecanut gardens. Besides there are many kinds of trees of great size and of much economic value, such as bamboo, teak and rosewood. Western coastal line contains good harbours. Through these harbours contact was maintained with distant countries from earliest times. This region consists of the western portion of North Kanara and South kanara districts. Northern Maidan The Northern Maidan consists of Belgaum, Bidar, Bijapur, Gadag, Gulbarga, Raichur and Bellary districts. As the western districts of Belgaum, Bijapur and Dharwar are on the edge of Western 9 Ghats, they are thickly wooded and enjoy a better water supply than the arid Deccan plains, which are in the adjacent Maharashtra. It is dominated by black soils. The important tanks are found constructed in Malaprabha basin, southern areas of Tungabhadra valley and the lower Bhima region. The main crops are jowar, wheat and cotton. Malnad Region The Malnad is separated from the coastal region by the steep wall of the Ghats and in the east it gradually merges with the southern maidan. It is a land of forests and mountains. Malnad covers Shimoga, Chitradurga, Chikmagalur and Hassan districts. The climate is generally hot and wet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (BA-II) Sub-Kannada
    SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR ***************** Accredided by NAAC ‘A’ Grade CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYATEM Syllabus for Bachelor of Arts (B.A-II) Sub-Kannada Sem-III&IV(DSC-C17 DSC-C18 DSC-C41 DSC-C42) (To be implemented from June, 2019 onwords) SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B.A-II ( Choice Base Credit System) (CBCS) (Academic Year 2019-20 Onwards) Semester –III (Paper-IV) (DSC-C18) Modern Kannada Poetry Detailed Syllabi Objectives: 1. To acquaint the students with modern Kannada Literature 2. To introduce the Students to Kannada Poems with reference to the text prescribed. 3. To develop literary competence among students. Text book Prescribed: 1.Hosagannada Kavya Sanchay – Edited by Dr.Gangambike k. Patil Published by Siddlingeshwar Prakashan Kalburagi. Unit-1) The Introduction of Modern Kannada Poets and peoms. Unit- 2) Jayadevi Tai Ligade :- 1. Summanaguve 2. Matadu Matanadu Atumad Lingave 3. Veera Vaniteyar 4. Maatu Unit-3) Siddayya Puranik 1. Basavana Bedake 2.Kannada Kal? 3.Jama Kharchu 4.Halliya Hadendu Hasya Madalu Bedi Unit-4) Channaveer Kanavi 1.Kannada Jyotiy Deepagalu 2. Nilambike 3. Hosabalu Nammadide 4. Lal Bhaddur Shastri Division Of Teaching Hours: Each Unit 15 Hours: Total 60 Hours Reference:- 1) Hosagannad Sahitya Charitre: L.S.Sheshgirirao 2) Hosagannad Sahitya Sangati: Keertinath Kurtkoti 3) Samanynige Sahitya Sampeetagalu: Bangaluru University SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B.A-II (Choice Base Credit System) (CBCS) (Academic Year 2019-20 Onwarda) Semester –III (Paper-III) (DSC-C17) Medieval Kannada Literature Detailed Syllabi Objectives: 1. To acquaint the students with medival Kannada Literature 2. To introduce the Students to forms of medival Kannada Literature. 3. To develop literary competence among students.
    [Show full text]
  • Ohio Shanghai India's Temples
    fall/winter 2019 — $3.95 Ohio Fripp Island Michigan Carnival Mardi Gras New Jersey Panama City Florida India’s Temples Southwestern Ontario Shanghai 1 - CROSSINGS find your story here S ome vacations become part of us. The beauty and Shop for one-of-a-kind Join us in January for the 6th Annual Comfort Food Cruise. experiences come home with us and beckon us back. Ohio’s holiday gifts during the The self-guided Cruise provides a tasty tour of the Hocking Hills Hocking Hills in winter is such a place. Breathtaking scenery, 5th Annual Hocking with more than a dozen locally owned eateries offering up their outdoor adventures, prehistoric caves, frozen waterfalls, Hills Holiday Treasure classic comfort specialties. and cozy cabins, take root and call you back again and Hunt and enter to win again. Bring your sense of adventure and your heart to the one of more than 25 To get your free visitor’s guide and find out more about Hocking Hills and you’ll count the days until you can return. prizes and a Grand the Comfort Food Cruise and Treasure Hunt call or click: Explore the Hocking Hills, Ohio’s Natural Crown Jewels. Prize Getaway for 4. 1-800-Hocking | ExploreHockingHills.com find your story here S ome vacations become part of us. The beauty and Shop for one-of-a-kind Join us in January for the 6th Annual Comfort Food Cruise. experiences come home with us and beckon us back. Ohio’s holiday gifts during the The self-guided Cruise provides a tasty tour of the Hocking Hills Hocking Hills in winter is such a place.
    [Show full text]
  • Adopt a Heritage Project - List of Adarsh Monuments
    Adopt a Heritage Project - List of Adarsh Monuments Monument Mitras are invited under the Adopt a Heritage project for selecting/opting monuments from the below list of Adarsh Monuments under the protection of Archaeological Survey of India. As provided under the Adopta Heritage guidelines, a prospective Monument Mitra needs to opt for monuments under a package. i.e Green monument has to be accompanied with a monument from the Blue or Orange Category. For further details please refer to project guidelines at https://www.adoptaheritage.in/pdf/adopt-a-Heritage-Project-Guidelines.pdf Please put forth your EoI (Expression of Interest) for selected sites, as prescribed in the format available for download on the Adopt a Heritage website: https://adoptaheritage.in/ Sl.No Name of Monument Image Historical Information Category The Veerabhadra temple is in Lepakshi in the Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Virabhadra Temple, Pradesh. Built in the 16th century, the architectural Lepakshi Dist. features of the temple are in the Vijayanagara style 1 Orange Anantpur, Andhra with profusion of carvings and paintings at almost Pradesh every exposed surface of the temple. It is one of the centrally protected monumemts of national importance. 1 | Page Nagarjunakonda is a historical town, now an island located near Nagarjuna Sagar in Guntur district of Nagarjunakonda, 2 the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, near the state Orange Andhra Pradesh border with Telangana. It is 160 km west of another important historic site Amaravati Stupa. Salihundam, a historically important Buddhist Bhuddist Remains, monument and a major tourist attraction is a village 3 Salihundum, Andhra lying on top of the hill on the south bank of the Orange Pradesh Vamsadhara River.
    [Show full text]
  • District Census Handbook, Mandya, Part X-A, B, Series-14,Mysore
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 S E R I E S-14 MYSORE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK MANDYA DISTRICT PART X-A: TOWN AND VILLAGE DIRECTORY PART X-B: PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT P. PAD MAN A B H A OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS MYSORE 24 12 0 24 ... 72 MILES m1f~CD)U -·!~.r-~=.~~~~!~~==~!;;If"!~ : iii: 20 0 20 40 60 eo 100 klt.OM£TRES ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS, 1971 STA TE BOUNDARY DISTRICT " TALUk " STATE CAPITAL * OISTRICT HEADQUARTERS @ TALUk o T. Naulput - ThirumaI<udIu Naulpur Ho-Hoopct H-HubU ANDHRA PRADESH CHELUVANARA YANA TEMPLE, MELKOTE (Mot{f on the cover) The illustration on the cover page represents the temple dedicated to Krishna as CheluVG­ Pulle-Raya at Melkote town in Mandya district. The temple is a square building of great dimensions but very plain in design. The original name of the principal deity is said to .have been Rama Priya. According to tradition, Lord Narayana of Melkote appeared in a dream to Sri Ramanuja (the 12th century Vaishnava Saint and propounder of the philosophy of Visishtadvait(!) and said to him that He was awaiting him on Yadugiri Hill. Thereupon, v,:ith the assistance of .Hoysala King Vishnu­ vardhana (who had received tapta-mudra from Ramanuja and embraced Vaishnavism) he discovered the idol which lay covered by an ant-hill which he excavated and worshipped. This incident is said to have occurred in the month of Tai in Bahudharaya year. A temple \.vas erected for Lord Narayana over the ant-hill and the installation of tlle image took place in 1100 A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Sl No District CVC Name Category 1 Davanagere ALUR COVAXIN
    ಕ ೋ풿蓍 ಲಕಾಕರಣ ಕ ೋᲂ飍ರಗಳು (COVID VACCINATION CENTRES) Sl No District CVC Name Category 1 Davanagere ALUR COVAXIN Government 2 Davanagere ALUR PHC-01 Government 3 Davanagere ALURHATTI PHC-01 Government 4 Davanagere Anaburu Subcenter Government 5 Davanagere ANAGODU COVAXIN Government 6 Davanagere ANAGODU PHC-01 Government 7 Davanagere ANAGODU-A Government 8 Davanagere ANAGODU-B Government 9 Davanagere ANAGODU-C Government 10 Davanagere ANAJI PHC-01 Government 11 Davanagere ANAJI-A Government 12 Davanagere ANAJI-B Government 13 Davanagere Arabagatte PHC Government 14 Davanagere Arabagatte Sub Center Government 15 Davanagere ARABAGHATTE COVAXIN Government 16 Davanagere ARAIKE HOSPITAL - 01 Private 17 Davanagere ARASAPURA COVAXIN Government 18 Davanagere ARASAPURA PHC-01 Government 19 Davanagere Arashinagatta COVISHIELD Government 20 Davanagere Arehalli COVISHIELD Government 21 Davanagere Arundi Sub Center Government 22 Davanagere ASAGODU PHC COVAXIN Government 23 Davanagere ASAGODU PHC COVISHIELD Government 24 Davanagere Asagodu Subcenter Government 25 Davanagere AZAD NAGAR UPHC -01 Government 26 Davanagere AZADNAGAR COVAXIN Government 27 Davanagere BADA COVAXIN Government 28 Davanagere BADA PHC-01 Government 29 Davanagere BAPUJI HOSPITAL - 01 Private 30 Davanagere Basavanakote PHC COVAXIN Government 31 Davanagere Basavanakote PHC COVISHIELD Government 32 Davanagere Basavanakote Subcenter Government 33 Davanagere Basavapattana PHC - 01 Government 34 Davanagere BASHA NAGAR UPHC Government 35 Davanagere Beeragondanahalli Subcenter Government 36
    [Show full text]
  • Why I Became a Hindu
    Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita
    [Show full text]
  • The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas
    The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas Peter Flügel1 (SOAS) Abstract This article gives an overview of recent findings on the thriving cult of bone relic stūpas in contemporary Jaina culture. Although Jaina doctrine rejects the worship of material objects, fieldwork in India on the hitherto unstudied current Jaina mortuary rituals furnished clear evidence for the ubiquity of bone relic stūpas and relic venera- tion across the Jaina sectarian spectrum. The article discusses a representative case and assesses the significance of the overall findings for the history of religions. It also offers a new theoretical explanation of the power of relics. Keywords Jaina relic stūpas, mortuary rituals, Vallabha Samudāya, cultural unconscious, theory of generalized symbolic media, relics as social forms 1) I am indebted to Ācārya Vijaya Virendra Sūri, Muni Rajendra Vijaya, Sādhvī Suvratā Śrī, Rāj Kumār Jain, Tejpāl Jain, Vinod N. Dalal, Kīrti Prasād Jain, N. P. Jain, S. Sheth, M. P. Sheth and other members and supporters of the Vallabha Samudāya for their generous help during field research in India, and to Janet Leigh Foster for enhancing the quality of the photos of images selected from the photo albums of the Vallabha Smāraka which were taken with permission. Without the support of Ācārya Mahāprajña, Ācārya Śivmuni, Pravartaka Umeśmuni, Salāhakāra Dineś Muni, Upap- ravartaka Gautama Muni, Sādhvī Ārcanā, Mūḍabidarī Bhatṭ ārakạ Cārukīrti, Sohanlāl Sañcetī, and other Jains in India, my research on Jaina relic stūpas would not have been possible. I would like to thank all of them. I also wish to express my gratitude to Bansidhar Bhatt, Willem B.
    [Show full text]
  • Lingayatism :- a Historical Study Dr
    International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 05 Issue-01 January 2018 Lingayatism :- A Historical Study Dr. Rakesh Kumar Department of History Abstract: Lingayatism was an important Maritontadarya [16th Century] moment in 12th century. It was started by (Sanskrit language) Basava in Karnataka. It was socio religious Poet Harihara (Hampe) 1195 A.D. in nature. It was against caste system. (Kannada Poet) Basava rejected caste system.He also GubbiyaMallanaraya-GururajCharite opposed child marriage, alcoholism and (1650 A.D., Kannada language) other evils.Vachans and other sources play Chamarasa-PrabhulingaLeela (1400 an important role to reconstruct the history Kannada language) of lingayatism. As far as the life of Basava is Keywords:-Lingayatism, Basawa, Caste, concerned, he was a native of Bagevadi in Child Marriage, History. present Karnataka. he was the son of Introduction: Lingayatism emerged as a Madiraja. His mother was Madalamba. He great force in the sphere of religion in belong to Brahmin caste by birth. Bladeva Karnataka in 12th century. There are many his maternal uncle was a minister in the historical evidence which clarify Lingayath court of king Bijjala. Basava was also religion was founded by Guru Basareshwara. appointed as a minister in the court of Bijjala. They are as following given below:- But there are multiple views about his job. In PalkurikeSomnath (1200 A.D., in the one view, when his uncle fell sick and was Telgu language) bedridden, his responsibilities were Mayidevaaprabhu (Magge) [1400, transferred to Basava. Kannada Poet] In another view, Basava successfully ChaturmukhaBommarasa [1500 A.D., deciphered an inscription that disclosed the Kannada Poet] location of treasure.
    [Show full text]
  • Vijayanagar Art and Architecture an Overview
    www.ijcrt.org © 2018 IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 4 November 2018 | ISSN: 2320-2882 Vijayanagar art and architecture an overview Dr Anand.B Asst Professor of History Govt First Grade College – Sunkalbidari Abstract The Vijayanagar Empire was a Hindu empire based in the Deccan plateau region of South India. Established in 1336 by Harihara I (who ruled from 1336–1356 CE), it enjoyed its greatest political and cultural prominence under Emperor Krishna Deva Raya (who ruled from 1509–1529 CE) and lasted until 1646, when it was conquered by the Muslim Sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda. The empire’s patronage enabled its fine arts and literature to rise to new heights, and its legacy of sculpture, painting, and architecture influenced the development of the arts in South India long after the empire came to an end. There were great innovations in Hindu temple construction during this period, and many diverse temple building traditions and styles in South India came together in the Vijayanagar style of architecture, the finest examples of which are to be found in the capital Hampi.Vijayanagar era architecture can be broadly classified into religious, courtly, and civic architecture. Its style is a harmonious combination of the Chalukya, Hoysala, Pandya, and Chola styles that evolved in earlier centuries and represents a return to the simplicity and serenity of the past. Preferred for its durability, local hard granite was the building material of choice, as it had been for the Badami Chalukyas; however, soapstone, which was soft and easily carved, was
    [Show full text]
  • Institut Universitari De La Dona
    INSTITUT UNIVERSITARI DE LA DONA DE KOSALA A BOLLYWOOD: DOS MIL AÑOS CONTANDO HISTORIAS. UN ESTUDIO SEMIÓTICO DEL RAMAYANA ROSER NOGUERA MAS UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA Servei de Publicacions 2008 Aquesta Tesi Doctoral va ser presentada a València el dia 10 de març de 2008 davant un tribunal format per: - D. José María Bernardo Paniagüa - D. Josep Gavaldà Roca - D. Juan Arnau Navarro - Dª. Eva Fernández del Campo Barbadillo - D. Ramón X. Roselló Ivars Va ser dirigida per: Dª. Antonia Cabanilles Sanchís ©Copyright: Servei de Publicacions Roser Noguera Mas Depòsit legal: I.S.B.N.: 978-84-370-7160-2 Edita: Universitat de València Servei de Publicacions C/ Artes Gráficas, 13 bajo 46010 València Spain Telèfon: 963864115 UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA INSTITUT UNIVERSITARI D’ESTUDIS DE LA DONA FACULTAT DE FILOLOGIA, TRADUCCIÓ I COMUNICACIÓ DE KOSALA A BOLLYWOOD: DOS MIL AÑOS CONTANDO HISTORIAS. UN ESTUDIO SEMIÓTICO DEL RAMAYANA TESIS DOCTORAL Presentada por: ROSER NOGUERA MAS Dirigida por: Dra. ANTONIA CABANILLES SANCHIS VALÈNCIA, 2007 I II AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar agradezco a Antonia Cabanilles, mi directora y profesora de crítica literaria y semiótica de la cultura, su entusiamo, apoyo incondicional y tarea de supervisión y dirección. A las personas que me han ayudado todos estos años en la burocracia y el aprendizaje: el profesor Ximo Espinosa del Departamento de Italiano de la Universitat de València, el Prof. Patrizio Rigobon de la Universidad de Bologna, Vicen Belenguer del Institut de la Dona, Sonsoles Vázquez de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional; a todos mis compañeros del Department of Germanic and Romance Studies (GRS) de la University of Delhi, especialmente a Shaswati Mazumdar, Jyoti Sabharwal, Manisha Taneja, Mircea, Sabina, Stefano y Dominique; al profesor H.
    [Show full text]
  • ANCIENT INDIA All Bights Reserved ANCIENT INDIA
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Date ANCIENT INDIA All Bights reserved ANCIENT INDIA BY S. KRISHNASWAMI AIYANGAE, M.A. Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Oreal Britain and Ireland Fellow of the Roijal Bistorical Society, London. Member ol the Board of Studies, and Examiner in History and Economics. Vnirersity of Madras Mysore Education Serria: WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY VINCENT A. SMITH, M.A., I.C.S. (retired) ' Author of the ' Early History of India LONDON: LUZAC & Co., IC great kussell isteeet MADEAS: S.P.C.K. DEPOSITORY, VEPBEY 1911 1)5 4-04- /\fl 6 ^,©XKg^ PRINTED AT THE :. PKESS, VEPBKY, MADRAS 1911 "^QXYS^ ) INSCRIBED TO THE :ME:M0RY OP JOHN WEIE [Inspector-General op Education in JIybore] ( November 1, 1909—July 31, 1911 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022968840 PEEFACE The first chapter deals with the early portion of Indian History, and so the title ' Ancient India ' has been given to the book. The other chapters deal with a variety ot subjects, and are based on lectures given on different occa- sions. One was originally prepared as my thesis for the M.A. Degree Examination of the University of Madras. The favourable reception given to my early work by historical and oriental scholars encouraged me to put my researches into a more permanent form, which a liberal grant from the Madras School Book and Literature Society has enabled me to do.
    [Show full text]
  • Editors Seek the Blessings of Mahasaraswathi
    OM GAM GANAPATHAYE NAMAH I MAHASARASWATHYAI NAMAH Editors seek the blessings of MahaSaraswathi Kamala Shankar (Editor-in-Chief) Laxmikant Joshi Chitra Padmanabhan Madhu Ramesh Padma Chari Arjun I Shankar Srikali Varanasi Haranath Gnana Varsha Narasimhan II Thanks to the Authors Adarsh Ravikumar Omsri Bharat Akshay Ravikumar Prerana Gundu Ashwin Mohan Priyanka Saha Anand Kanakam Pranav Raja Arvind Chari Pratap Prasad Aravind Rajagopalan Pavan Kumar Jonnalagadda Ashneel K Reddy Rohit Ramachandran Chandrashekhar Suresh Rohan Jonnalagadda Divya Lambah Samika S Kikkeri Divya Santhanam Shreesha Suresha Dr. Dharwar Achar Srinivasan Venkatachari Girish Kowligi Srinivas Pyda Gokul Kowligi Sahana Kribakaran Gopi Krishna Sruti Bharat Guruganesh Kotta Sumedh Goutam Vedanthi Harsha Koneru Srinath Nandakumar Hamsa Ramesha Sanjana Srinivas HCCC Y&E Balajyothi class S Srinivasan Kapil Gururangan Saurabh Karmarkar Karthik Gururangan Sneha Koneru Komal Sharma Sadhika Malladi Katyayini Satya Srivishnu Goutam Vedanthi Kaushik Amancherla Saransh Gupta Medha Raman Varsha Narasimhan Mahadeva Iyer Vaishnavi Jonnalagadda M L Swamy Vyleen Maheshwari Reddy Mahith Amancherla Varun Mahadevan Nikky Cherukuthota Vaishnavi Kashyap Narasimham Garudadri III Contents Forword VI Preface VIII Chairman’s Message X President’s Message XI Significance of Maha Kumbhabhishekam XII Acharya Bharadwaja 1 Acharya Kapil 3 Adi Shankara 6 Aryabhatta 9 Bhadrachala Ramadas 11 Bhaskaracharya 13 Bheeshma 15 Brahmagupta Bhillamalacarya 17 Chanakya 19 Charaka 21 Dhruva 25 Draupadi 27 Gargi
    [Show full text]