Chronology May 16, 1970-August 15, 1970 Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 24, No. 4 (Autumn, 1970), pp. 493-517 Published by: Middle East Institute Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4324647 . Accessed: 20/07/2011 12:21

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http://www.jstor.org CHRONOLOGY

May 16, 1970 -August 15, 1970

Arab Israeli Conflict May 22: An Israeli school bus traveling close to the Lebaneseborder came under bazooka attack,with 11 people killed and 21 wounded. The Popular 1970 Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) claimed responsibilityfor the attack. May 16: Israel announced her planes sinking an Lebanonreported that 13 people were killed in Egyptiandestroyer and a missile boat at Ras Banas Israeli shelling on Bint Jubayl, Yariin and BaIlda and downing 2 EgyptianMIG-17s in a dash over after the school bus shelling. the Canal. Egypt reported her bombers attacking Fath criticizedthe attack on the school bus as Israeli positions in the Sinai and hitting an Israeli contrary to its policy of avoiding civilian targets. Mirage. May 23: An Israeli military spokesmanreported an May 17: Israel reported her jets striking Egyptian Egyptian artillery attack on an Israeli mess hall positions along the Canal with all planes reported in Ismai'iliyyah,with 7 soldiers killed and an safe. Egypt reportedhitting an Israeliplane in the undeterminednumber wounded. attack. May 24: Egypt reported foiling an Israeli air raid The Middle East News Agency (MENA) re- on the Canal with anti-aircraftfire. ported that all crewmenwere rescuedin the sink- Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Dayan said "if ing of an Egyptiandestroyer. the government of Lebanon proclaims it is not May 18: An Israeli Army spokesmanreported Israeli her job to police against terrorists,I suppose we planes making a 3 hour raid against Jordanian shall have to do it." positions. Jordan reported downing 2 Israeli jets May 25: An Israeli Army spokesman reported a in the raid. "patrolling operation"of 2 Israeli infantry units May 19: Cairo Radio reported a 90 man unit had and a tank column into Lebanonnorth of Yiarn. landed on the east side of the Canal and engaged Lebanon reported the Israeli tank unit clashing Israeli forces on a wide front. Israel reporteddriv- with LebaneseArmy units in a 3 hour artillery ing off a small Egyptian landing party after a 3 battle, destroying 1 Israeli tank, with 1 Lebanese hour battle with no Israeli casualtiessuffered. killed and 6 wounded. The UN SecurityCouncil condemnedIsrael for Lebanon reported an Israeli bombardmentof its May 12 "premeditatedmilitary action" against Bint Jubayl, leaving 20 dead and 40 wounded. Lebanon saying such attacks "can no longer be The 24 hour curfew imposed on Khin Yfinis tolerated"and that if repeated,the Council would May 19 was lifted. "consider taking adequate and effective steps or May 26: Israeli Chief of the Northern Command measures." General Gur said that Israeli patrols would con- May 20: Tass publisheda statementby USSR Premier tinue patrolling the Lebaneseside of the border Kosygin that Russia was supplying "extensiveaid" against guerrilla incursions and said the patrols to Arab countries to allow them to defend their would not enter Lebanesevillages or interferewith "legitimate national rights" but said Russia "is civilians. consistentlyworking to have the earliest political Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir said on settlementin the Middle East." April 2, Israel had informed UN Special Rep-

* The quarterlychronology of the Journalis compiled from a large numberof sources;somewhat more than half of the items are drawnfrom the New York Times; other sourcesinclude Middle East EconomicDigest of London, Daily Report of Foreign BroadcastInformation Service of Washington,Arab News and Views of New York, bulletins of the United Nations Office of Public Information,United Nations, New York, United Nations Newsletter, Middle East EconomicSurvey of Beirut, the WashingtonPost of Washington, D. C., Arab Report and Record of London, the Baghdad Observerof Baghdad,The New Middle East of London,Africa Report of Washington,D. C., and Middle East Newsletter of New York, regular and occa- sional bulletins from the offices of press attachesof Middle EasternEmbassies in Washington, Pakistn Affairsof Washington,Pakistan News Digest of Karachiand The MaghrebDigest of the School of Inter- national Relations, University of Southern California in Los Angeles.

493 494 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

resentative Gunnar Jarring of its acceptanceof during a 6 hour raid on targets near Port Said. the 1967 Security Councl resolution as a basis Egypt reportedthe clash, saying its planes downed for peace discussions. She blamed the "serious 2 Israeli Mirages and damaged another plane. deterioration"of the security situation on "an An Israeli military spokesman reported that advanced and dangerous stage in the Soviet in- 8 Arab commandoswere killed south of the Dead volvement in Egypt" and said "any delay" in the Sea after a guerrilla mortar attack at Hatzeva. US granting Israeli arms requests "is liable to Israel reportedthat 4 civilians were killed and injure our interests and be interpreted by our 20 wounded in rocket attacks on Tiberias and enemies as encouragementof their aggression." Beisan. She reviewed her government'speace efforts and Israel reportedher forces bombardingJordanian said she would meet any responsibleArab leader positionsfor 5 hours after the rocketattack. Jordan anywherefor peace negotiations. reported 9 killed and 42 wounded in the attack. Representativesfor the four powers ended a Israeli Prime Minister Meir affirmedthat "Jeru- meeting in New York after announcingthat their salem will alwaysremain complete and united and work would continue. we shall do everything in our power to let all May 29: Syria reportedits forces raided Israeli posi- who wish to live there do so in peace-Jews, tions in the Jawl-anarea (Golan Heights) oc- Christians and Arabs." cupying 21 posts with all Israelis killed or June 4: The Egyptianmilitary command announced wounded. Israel reporteda Syrian force had fired that Egyptian anti-aircraftfire downed an Israeli on severalpositions, killing 1 Israeliand wounding Skyhawkover the Canal. another. The Palestine National Council ended a 5 day An Israeli spokesman reported a clash May meeting in Cairo after adopting resolutionscalling 28 with a large guerrillagroup near Moaz Haiyim, for the formation of a unified central political with 11 guerrillas killed and 1 captured. Fath committeeand a "unifiedrevolutionary command" reported the clash saying hundreds of its guer- led by Fath and calling unauthorizedactions in- rillas clashed with Israeli soldiers along a 28 cluding armed attacks on civilian airliners detri- mile stretch of the Jordan Valley, with 7 Arabs mental to the revolution. Zuhayr al-'Alami1was killed or wounded. elected Chairmanof the PalestinianNational Fund May 30: An Egyptianmilitary spokesmanannounced and Ibrihim Barghuitias a memberof the Palestine that commandosambushed 2 Israeli armoredcol- Liberation Organization (PLO) Executive Com- umns in the northernSinai, killing severalIsraelis, mittee. capturing2 and destroying2 tanks and 2 armored June 5: Israeli jets launched an 11 hour attack on cars. Egyptianpositions along the Canal,with all planes Arab store owners in Jerusalemobserved a day's reported safe. strike protestinghigher income tax due the Israeli One Israeli was reported killed in a guerrilla authoritiesand participationin Israel'scompulsory attack on an Israeli patrol in the Jawlin area. defense bond purchasingscheme. A general strike of Arab businessesin the West Bank was partially observed. May 31: An Israeli Army spokesmanconfirmed that June 6: The Israeli militarygovernment in the West 13 soldiers were killed, 4 wounded and 2 missing Bank imposed travel and business sanctions on in Egyptianambushes May 30 and that Arab guer- Arabs who participatedin the June 5 strike. rillas had attackedan Israeli patrol in the Jordan Israel reportedthat Qiryat Shmona came under Valley, killing 2 Israeli soldiers and wounding 4. rocket fire from across the Lebaneseborder with An Egyptian military spokesmanreported that no casualtiesor damage suffered. 2 Israeli planes were shot down by anti-aircraft Tass publisheda statementaccusing the "Ameri- fire in the northern sector of the Canal. can press"of trying to "blackmailthe Soviet Union June 2: Israel reported4 air attacksagainst Egyptian in connection with the Soviet American contacts targets along the Canal, meeting no resistence. in Washington"threatening immediate delivery of Egypt reporteddowning an Israeli Skyhawkin the planes to Israel and said "the United States is not raid. the only state on which the balance of military The Israeli Military Commandreported that 2 forces in the Middle East depends." soldiers were killed and 6 wounded when their June 7: Israel reported 1 soldier killed in an artil- vehicle struck a mine. lery dash with Syrian forces in the Jawlin area. A Syrian Army spokesmansaid its forces had Syria reported inflicting heavy Israeli casualties destroyed 2 Israeli positions in the Jawlin area and damagingthe Israelisettlement Nahal Kuneitra with no losses incurred. in the clash. Russian Ambassador Dobrynin met with US Jane 8: Syria reporteda 5 hour tank and air battle Assistant Secretaryof State Sisco in Washington along the Israeli cease-fireline saying anti-aircraft for talks on the Middle East. fire had downed 3 Israeli planes, that 2 new June 3: Israel reporteddowning 3 EgyptianMIG-21s Israeli settlementswere destroyedand 6 tanks put CHRONOLOGY 495

out of action and 60 Israelis killed or wounded. shelled a militarycamp outside of Damascus,killing Seven Syrian soldiers were reported killed or 2 soldiers and wounding 5. wounded. Israel said 1 woman was killed and An Egyptian military spokesmanreported that 10 other soldiers wounded during Syrian shelling 15 soldiers were killed and 7 wounded during on the settlement Nahal Gesher. sporadicIsraeli air attacksalong the Canal. June 9: The Egyptian military command reporteda An Egyptian spokesman said his government 3 hour Israeliattack on the Canal,killing 1 soldier had not been informed of the new US peace and wounding another. proposals but said Egypt's policy was "to keep June 10: A Lebanese spokesmansaid Army troops the door open before every peaceful endeavor." attacked an Israeli patrol which had crossed the June 18: Egypt reportedthat Israeli jets attackedthe border near Bal-idi. Israel reported her troops area of al-Salyiya. had encountredterrorists near KibbutzYiftah with The Kuwayti armed forces High Commandan- 1 Israeli reportedwounded. nouncedthat 16 Kuwaytisoldiers were killed dur- Israel reporteda 10 hour air attackagainst Egyp- ing recent Israeli attacks along the Canal. tian artilleryand mortarpositions and other mili- June 22: Israel announced raids along the Canal tary targets. Egypt said the attacks caused no for the 22nd consecative day. Egypt said her damage. air defenses drove away 36 Israeli jets attacking June 12: An Israeli Army spokesmanreported com- along the Canal. mandos attacking fortified positions north of al- A spokesmanfor UN Secretary-GeneralU Thant Qantarahand a guard station north of Ras Gharib, said Thant had "learnedof new elements"which destroying bunkers and fortificationsand killing "could narrow the gap" between American and 20 Egyptian soldiers, with an unknown number Soviet viewpoints on a Middle East peace. killed or wounded in the bunkers. Four Israelis Mrs. Meir said Israel refused "to be dictated were killed and 15 wounded in the attack. to by the loser as to things we must acceptwithout MENA reportedthat Egyptianforces had stopped negotiations and without peace." 2 Israeli attempts to send raiding parties across June 23: Israel reported a commandounit striking the Canal, with 25 Israelis dead or wounded. at Bir Araida where Soviet pilots were reportedly Israeli Defense MinisterDayan said Israel'sraids flying combat missions. Egypt said 20 Israelis across the Canal were proof that Israel would were killed or wounded in the raid. defend that line despite the "red strings"and said Dayan said Israel should not try to retain every he did not believe Soviet involvement would in- area to which she had an "historicalattachment" crease as a result of the raids. but only areas necessary for security including A Pravda commentarycriticized certain "irre- Sharmal-Shaykh and said Soviet pilots were carry- sponsible and adventuristic"elements of the Pales- ing out "operationalflights in Egypt, and not tinian guerrillas saying they "impair" the Arab merely training flights." struggle and called for an accord between the June 24: Israel reported a clash with Syrian forces Jordanian government and the guerrillas to frus- in the Jawlin area after Syria began "tank and trate "imperialistplans" to divide the Arab world. artillery fire" on Israeli positions and shelling on Soviet Ambassador Dobrynin met with US As- Israeli settlements. Two Syrian tanks were re- sistant of State Secretary Sisco. portedly destroyed, with 1 Israeli killed and 8 June 13: An Israeli military spokesman reported wounded. Syria said the clash began with an intermittentjet attackson Egyptianpositions along Israeli artillery barrage, with Syrian troops re- the Canal with all planes reportedsafe. portedly killing or wounding 175 Israelis. June 14: Israelicommandos attacked a reportedguer- Speaking after a meeting of the 4 powers, rilla base near al-$ubayhi village in Jordan, de- French AmbassadorKoscziusko-Morizet said there stroying a number of buildings and taking 2 had been "a certainacceleration" of their work. prisoners. June 25: UAR President Nasir said Egypt would June 15: PLO spokesmanKamnil Nisir said the com- reject any Middle East settlement that did not mandos would pursuea "policyof escalation"now provide for Israeli withdrawalfrom all occupied that the "Palestinianrevolution has won a round" territory and said the rights of the Palestinians in Jordan. must be restored. An Israeli Army spokesman reported jets at- US Secretaryof State William Rogers said the tacking Egyptianpositions along the Canal, hitting US "has undertaken a political initiative . . . infantrypositions, bunkersand gun emplacements. the objective of which is to encouragethe parties Egyptreported downing 1 Israeliplane in the clash. to stop shooting and start talking,"under Jarring's June 17: Israelreported that one raidingparty shelled auspices and in accordancewith Security Council a Syrianmilitary camp northeastof Damascusand resolutions. He said "it would not be useful to another "sabotaged"a highway bridge south of disclose at this time details of the political initia- Damascus, with all Israelis reported safe. Syria tive or to discuss publicly military assistancefor reportedthat Israelitroops brought in by helicopter Israel." He said "we are not inclined to think 496 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

that Israel, at the moment, is unable to support triumph." itself militarily, but we do think the presence UAR President Nasir said the UAR believed of the Soviet personnel and military equipment that "peace should be based on justice"and that is a . . . very serious factor." "only in conditions of peace can our aspirations An Israeli military spokesman said that jets be realized." had bombed Syrianmilitary camps near Damascus Mrs. Meir said that "never have we refused and shot down a MIG-21 and that later, jets to examine and follow up the slightest signs that attacked sites in Jordan near Baysin, with all we seemed to read from the other side that maybe planes reported safe. Damascus Radio said 97 there is a possibility of talking to somebody"and Syrians and 45 Israelis were killed or wounded said representativesof the government had been and 3 Israeli planes downed in the clash. having secret contacts with Arabs since the end June 26: The New York Times publishedprovisions of the June war. reportedlyprovided for in the US peace initiative The UAR reportedthat its anti-aircraftfire had including a 90 day cease-fire,the beginnings of downed 4 Israeli jets, including 2 Phantomsand negotiations under Jarring, Israeli acceptance of that 3 Israeli pilots had been captured. Israel re- all parts of the 1967 Security Council resolution ported losing 2 planes, downed by surface-to-air in return for a commitmentby Egypt and Jordan missiles and said the "crew"had been captured. to the principle of peace with Israel and her right July 1: US PresidentNixon said the US interest "is to exist in secure and recognized borders. peace and the integrity of every country in the Israeli and Syrian forces clashed in the Jawlian area." "Israel is not desirous of driving any of areaafter artilleryand mortarexchanges. An Israeli the other countriesinto the sea. The other coun- armoredcolumn attackedSyrian positions south of tries do want to drive Israel into the sea." He Rafid and a Syrian armored unit attacked Israeli said when "the balance of power shifts where positions east of al-Qunaytirah. Israel reported Israel is weaker . . . there will be war. Therefore downing 4 Syrian jets and losing 1, destroying it is in US interest to maintain the balance of 6 Syrianfortified positions and 20 tanksand taking power...." Further,the Arabs "haveto recognize 37 Syrians prisoner. Syria reported downing 11 Israel's right to exist. Israel must withdraw to Israeli planes and destroying 12 Israeli tanks. An borders-borders that are defensible." Alitalia plane was damaged in the aerial clash. Israelreported her jets attackingEgyptian targets June 27: Israel reported her jets striking military near the Canal with all planes reportedsafe. Egypt positions along the Canal and at guerrilla bases said her air defenses had interceptedIsraeli planes in the Baysin Valley. Egypt said no casualtiesor along the Canal, suffering no losses. damageswere incurredin the attack. Sisco and Dobrynin met in Washington. June 28: Israel reportedguerrilla attacks from Jordan Representativesof the 4 powersended a meeting and Lebanonon Israeli settlementswhich killed 1 in New York. civilian and wounded 2. Israeli planes launched July 2: The New York Times reporteda new Soviet raids on reportedguerrilla positions in retaliation. initiative toward a Middle East settlement made A PalestinianArmed Struggle Command (PASC) at the June 24 meeting of the 4 powers. Included spokesmanreported Fath forces shelling Israeliset- was the proposal that a "formalized state of peace" tlements in the Baysin Valley and upper Galilee would be agreed to after the "first stage" of Israeli with heavy Israeli casualtiessuffered. withdrawal from the occupied territories. An Egyptian military spokesmanreported a 4 An Israeli military spokesmanreported that jets hour Israeli jet attack on military positions along had hit SAM-2 batteriesin the centraland southern the Canal. sectorsof the Canal with all planes reportedsafe. Presidentof the World Jewish CongressNahum Egyptsaid 1 Israeliplane had been hit and crashed Goldman confirmedhe had talked with Moroccan in the clash which wounded 5 Egyptian soldiers. King Hasan "last Wednesday""as an individual July 3: The WashingtoonPost quoted top officials with specific views on the Middle East conflict" in the Nixon administrationas saying at a press and not as an Israeli citizen. briefingthat the administrationwas convincedthat June 29: Mrs. Meir rejected the concept of a tem- Soviet combat forces must be expelled from Egypt poraryor conditionalcease-fire saying it would only before they become a springboardfor long-term enable Egypt to install more missile sites along Soviet domination of the Mediterranean. the Canal but said Israel would agree to a mutual Nixon's press secretaryZiegler said "we have and complete cease-fireas a stage on the way to no plans to inject US military personnel into the peace. Middle East" and said the administrationwould June 30: USSR PresidentPodgorny expressed Soviet like to see Soviet personnel "removed" from Egypt supportfor a Middle East settlement"with due ac- to ease tensions. count for the legitimate rights and interestsof all Egypt reported its anti-aircraftfire had hit 2 the peoples of the area" and said the USSR was Israeli jets along the western shore of the Gulf "convinced that a just political settlement will of Suez and in the Canal zone. CHRONOLOGY 497

An Israeli spokesmanreported an Israeli patrol Commanderof the Israeli Air Force Hod said north of the Dead Sea intercepting9 guerrillaswho it was no longer possible to distinguish between crossed into the West Bank. Egyptiansand Russians along the Canal and said July 4: An Egyptian military spokesman said an while the missile network "still does not deny us Israeli Skyhawkand a Phantom were hit during freedom of action over the Canal,"it "is part of Israeli raids along the Canal and said 2 Israeli a comprehensiveplan to allow the Egyptians to tanks and armoredcars were destroyedby Egyptian concentrateartillery and forces in preparationfor gunfire in the Canal's northern sector. Israel re- a crossing." ported her jets attacking Egyptian artillery and The Jordanian government said that 8 Arabs missile sites in the central sector of the Canal expelled by Israel had been found in the southern with all planes reported safe. desert and brought to Amman for medical treat- July 5: Egypt said that 2 Israeli Phantoms were ment. downed over the central sector of the Canal and July 11: Israel reported her jets striking Egyptian the crewmen captured. Israel reported the loss positions along the Canal. Egypt said her air de- of one plane to ground fire during an Israeli fenses had driven off 10 Israeli planes in the raids. attack on missile sites, with both crew members July 12: US AssistantSecretary of StateSisco disclosed parachutingto the ground on the Egyptian side. that amphibious landing equipment had recently July 6: Israeli Chief of Staff Bar-Lev said in the been sent to Egypt by the Russians and said "it last 6 days of combat along the Canal, 3 Israeli doesn't look like defensive equipment to me." planes had been downed and 7 of the 12 Egyptian Egypt reportedher troops had crossedthe Canal ground-to-airmissile sites damaged,with 5 direct near al-Shatt, attacking Israeli positions and in- hits made. He said the Soviet purpose in their flicting "heavycasualties." Israel denied the report involvement was "to drive us from our freedom Israel reported its troops had killed the head of air operationsalong the Canal and, second, to of the PFLP in the Hebron area, AbuiManzur. enable the Egyptiansto concentrateand intensify July 13: Israeli ForeignMinister Abba Ebanproposed their ability along the Canal." that Egyptian and Israeli representativesmeet in- July 7: UN Secretary-GeneralThant said that Mos- formally "without prejudice to their respective cow had advanced"concrete and realisticelements" positions" for talks which would "prepare the for a Middle East settlement. ground for the conduct of effective and realistic Egypt denied an Israeli report that Soviet per- negotiations." He said Israel was ready to accept sonnel were manning Egyptiananti-aircraft missile a cease-fireas provided for in the 1967 Security positions. Councilresolution and said the talks could be held An Egyptian military spokesmanreported that under Jarring'sauspices "accordingto the Rhodes an Israeli Skyhawk was hit by anti-aircraftfire procedures."He rejectedrecent Soviet peace initia- during an Israeli raid along the central sector tives as a plan to maintain tension in the Middle of the Canal. Israel denied the report East. July 8: The US State Department announced that An Israeli spokesmanreported that a commando US Ambassadorto the USSR Jacob Beam would force had crossed into Jordan south east of the meet with Foreign MinisterGromyko soon to em- Israeli village of Yardena and blown up a Jor- phasize US concern with the situation along the danian Army fortification,killing at least 4 Jor- Canal. danian soldiers, with 1 Israeli soldier killed and July 9: Editor of al-Ahrim Haykal wrote that the 4 wounded. The attack was reportedlyretaliation Egyptian air defense system had downed a "U.S.- for recent guerrilla attackswith the active aid of made electronicreconnaissance aircraft," capturing the Army. its 12 man crew and said the system had downed Jordanian and Lebanese spokesmen reported other Israeliplanes before tihedowning of 4 Israeli repulsing Israeli thrusts into their territory after jets on June 30. an upsurge in commandoactivity. Al-Ahrim reported that the US had informed A Fath spokesman said the organization had Israel it would replace the 6 Phantoms Egypt carried out 8 operationsin the Jordan Valley in claimed to have downed. the past 3 days. UAR spokesmanAhmad Anis commentedon the July 14: Israel reportedher troops turning back an US peace proposalssaying "althoughat first sight Egyptian commandoforce from the east bank of the Egyptian Governmenthas discoverednothing the CanaL new in them, it is neverthelesscarefully studying Egypt reportedher troops inflicting heavy losses them in an attempt to find anything debatable." on Israelitroops and equipmentduring an artillery July 10: An Israeli military spokesman announced clash on the Canal. that jets had downed 3 Egyptian MIG-21s in a July 15: Representativesof the 4 powers ended a fierce air battle over the Canal. Egypt reported meeting in New York, with the next meeting hitting 2 Israeli jets with all Egyptianjets reported scheduled for August 5. safe. July 16: UAR ForeignMinister Riyid said the USSR 498 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

had promised to "support the Arabs politically Israel urged Greece to renounce its agreement and militarily until they liberate their lands" in- to free the commandos,saying the agreementwas duding the Jawlin area and Jerusalem. made under duress and therefore not binding in Israel reported her commandos striking into internationallaw. Lebanonand blowing up 3 buildingsin Kafr Kalah July 24: Nasir said his acceptance"was not qualified, in retaliationfor about 70 guerrilla attacksfrom not conditional." Lebanon since June 1. No Israeli casualtieswere Israeli Minister without Portfolio Shimon Peres reported. accusedNisir of acceptingthat part of the peace Dayan said "I fear that the next round will not proposalwhich coincidedwith his own policy and be held at a peace table . . . but will be held rejectingthe rest. in the bunkers and the skies" and accused the The New York Times reported "strong objec- "Egyptiansand their foreign advisers"of "trying tion" to Nisir's acceptanceby the Iraqi govern- to force a showdown"rather than work for peace. ment and the guerrilla movement. July 17: A hand grenade was thrown at a civilian July 25: Egypt reported her planes downing an bus in Gaza injuring 29 civilians. Israeli Skyhawk during an Israeli raid along the July 18: Israel reportedher jets resuming raids on Canal, with all Egyptian planes reportedsafe. missile sites along the Canal, scoring "satisfactory" PFLP leader George Habbish said the com- hits, losing 1 Phantom. Egypt reported downing mandos would turn the Middle East into "another 1 Israeli Phantom in the raid which caused no Vietnam for our enemies and all those forces that damage. want to frustrate our people." Fatb Radio said July 19: Israeli Ambassadorto the US Yitzhak Rabin "we will use fire and bullets to foil the American accusedthe USSR and Egypt of trying to "dictate" conspiracy." peace terms first by diplomaticmeans "but if that July 26: Israel reported her planes attacking Egyp- fails, they would not hesitate"to use force. tian fortificationsthe length of the Canal, with Israeli planes struck targets in Lebanon,Jordan all returnedsafely. Egypt reportedthat 2 Egyptian and along the Canal. Syria reported downing 1 soldiers were wounded in the Israeli attackin the Skyhawk. southern sector of the Canal. July 20: UPI reportedUN Truce SupervisionOrgani- JordanianKing Husayn announcedhis govern- zation (UNTSO) head Odd Bull as paying a "fare- ment's acceptanceof the US peace proposalsaying well visit" to the JordanianForeign Ministry before the decision "agreeswith that of the wise decision leaving his post. taken by the United Arab Republic." Israeli planes strucktargets in Jordanand along A Syrian government spokesman rejected the the Canal, with Israel denying an Egyptianreport US peace proposal as "imperialist,""aggressive" of downing an IsraeliSkyhawk. and a "betrayalof the Arab nation and the Pales- july 21: President Nixon said the US "interest is tinian people." peace in the area and the recognitionof the sov- July 27: Egyptian jets raided Israeli positions along ereignty and independenceof every state in the the Canal. Israel reported downing 2 MIG-17s area." He said this depends on maintaining a in a dogfight over the Canal. military baalnce which has not yet been upset. US officialssaid that under the US peace pro- UAR Minister of National Guidance Haykal posal, the Jordaniangovernment would be com- said a capturedpilot was an American. Israel said mitted to controlling the guerrilla activity as part the pilot was American born but had become an of the cease-fire. Israeli citizen in 1961. July 30: Israel reported downing 4 Egyptian MIG- July 22: Six Arab commandoshijacked a Greek plane 21s in clashesover the Canal. to Cairo, taking a Red Cross official as guaran-tor PresidentNixon assuredIsrael she could accept of an agreementwith the Greek governmentthat the US peace plan "without fear that by entering 7 commandos held by Greece would be freed. negotiationsher position may be compromisedor The PFLP claimed responsibilityfor the hijacking. jeopardized." The New Yoik Times publishedthe June 19 let- Pravda denounced critics of the Egyptian ac- ter of US Secretaryof StateRogers to UAR Foreign ceptanceof the US peace plan and praisedNisir's Minister Riyad containing the US peace proposal. "greatpolitical courage"in attemptingto overcome July 23: Nasir announcedhis acceptanceof the US the extremist sentiments in the Arab world. peace proposal and insisted the Arabs would de- Communist China denounced the US plan as mand Israeliwithdrawal from all occupiedterritory a plot by the US and the USSR to "carveup the and "restorationof full rights" for Palestinians. Middle East into spheres of influence at the ex- Israeli Foreign Minister Eban said Israel was pense of the Palestinianpeople's interests." ready to cooperatewith the UN to begin peace The Action Organizationfor the Liberationof talks but rejecteda 90 day cease-firesaying it would Palestine and the Arab Palestine Organizationen- invite "feverish activity to derive every possible dorsed Egypt's acceptanceof the plan. military advantage every single day." July 31: Israel reportedher jets attackingJordanian CHRONOLOGY 499

Army positions in retaliationfor guerrilla attacks The Action Group for the Liberationof Pales- on Tel Katzir and Shaar Hagolan. tine and the Palestine Arab Organizationretracted The Israeli Cabinet acceptedthe US peace pro- their support of Egypt's acceptanceof a cease-fire posal and said Israel would appoint a representa- but praised Naiir as a "national leader who has tive for negotiations"without prior conditions... given the battle great sacrifices." within the frameworkof SecurityCouncil Resolu- Aug. 11: Israeli military authoritiessaid no change tion 242." in the patternof guerrillaattacks had been detected. JordanianForeign Minister Antun 'Atallih said Aug. 12: Agence France Presse reportedthat Egypt, Israeli acceptanceof the plan was conditional in Libya and Saudi Arabia had stopped financingthe tone and thereforefeared it was "stillborn." guerrillas,with aid continuing from Algeria, Iraq Ensio Sulasvuo of Finland replaced Odd Bull and Syria. as head of UNTSO. Algeria announced her troops would be with- Aug. 1: Israeli planes attackedEgyptian positions at drawn from the Canal front during the cease-fire. al-Firdanand al-Ballih on the Canal. The New York Times quoted "American Aug. 2: A guerrilla spokesman reported an Israeli sources" confirming that 3 or 4 planes downed infantry and tank attack in the Arqub district in by Israel on July 31 were flown by Russians and Lebanon. reportedthat the US was "assessing"reports that Israeli jets attackedEgyptian positions along the Egypt installed missile in the cease-fire zone 4 Canal. hours after the cease-firebegan. Aug. 5: Jordan published its reply to the US peace King Husayn said that "Arab sovereigntyover plan saying no progresswould be made unless the the Arab part of Jerusalem"was not negotiable "basic principles" of full Israeli withdrawal and but that "safeguardingof the rights of all in the Palestinianrights are honored. Holy City certainlycould be worked out." Israel reportedguerrilla shelling from Lebanon Haykal declaredthat the UAR was ready for a onto Metulla, injuring 5 civilians. peacefulsettlement with Israelbut not for a formal Aug. 6: Members of the PFLP raided an office of peace treaty. the PalestineArab Organizationin Ammanwound- Golda Meir said Israel would concede nothing ing 6 of its members. in advancenor state preconditionsfor negotiations. Aug. 7: The cease-fire between Egypt and Israel Aug. 13: Dayan said the US had been given the went into effect at 12 P.M. Israeli time. detailsof Egypt'scease-fire violations and was asked UN Secretary-GeneralThant announcedthe Jar- to "rectify the position." ring mission "is now reactivated." The US State Department said it had reached The Central Committee of the Palestine com- "no conclusions"about the Israeli charges. mandos announcedthe guerrillas "will not abide Syria warned that the cease-fireenabled Israeli by the cease-fireand will escalate"their activities. planes to turn against commandos in southern Al-Ahr,dm reported Egypt rejecting a US pro- Lebanon. posal for Israel and Egypt to police the cease-fire Greece releasedthe 7 Arab commandos,as ful- themselvesunder an "open sky" arrangement. fillment of the July 22 agreement. UAR Ministerof National GuidanceHaykal said Aug. 14: Israel reported her jets striking guerrilla it would be folly to think the guerrillas could bases in Jordan and Jordanian Army positions succeed alone against Israel and that the dispute "whichmake it possible for terroriststo act against must be seen in its context as an Arab-Israelidis- Israeli civilian settlements." pute and not as a territorial issue between the Aug. 15: The US reported that U-2 reconnaissance Israelis and the Palestinians. planes were monitoringthe cease-firebut that evi- Aug. 8: Israel reportedguerrilla attacksonto Israeli dence of alleged Egyptiancease-fire violations wus settlementsfrom southernJordan, the Jawlin area still inconclusive. and southern Lebanon. Al-Ahndmaccused Israel of an "attemptto evade Jarring held separate talks at the UN with withdrawalfrom occupied territories"by delaying Israeli, Jordanianand Egyptian representativeson Jarring'smission with false accusationsof cease-fire details of the projectednegotiations. violations. Aug. 9: The USSR called the cease-firean "important Saudi Arabia endorsedthe cease-fireas a chance first step" in a lasting peace which must be based for stability and tranquilityin the region. on the 1967 SecurityCouncil resolution. Lebanon reported Israeli troops kidnapped 2 Fath reported 30 attacks on Israel during the civilians in a raid August 12 on al-Dhahira. night, "twice the average nightly number." Israeliplanes attackedguerrilla bases in Lebanon. General Aug. 10: The New York Times reportedJordanian "informants"telling of skirmishesbetween the Jor- 1970 danian Army and Israeli troops across the Jordan May 20: The 1965 Saudi-Kuwaytagreement dividing River. the Neutral Zone was put into effect. 500 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

May 23: A joint communiquewas issued after the June 28: The 5th conferenceof the MinisterialCoun- meeting of oil ministers from Algeria, Libya and cil of OPEC ended a meeting in Algiers with a Iraq in Algiers from May 19 to 22. The countries communique6listing the delegatesand saying suita- agreed to "set a limit to the lengthy and fruitless ble resolutions had been adopted for each item negotiations"with the oil companies, implement on the agenda. their demandsby unilateralaction if necessaryand July 3: The Maghrib Committee for Coordinating set up a "joint cooperative fund" for reciprocal Posts and Telecommunicationsended a 5 day meet- support in any confrontationwith the oil com- ing in Rabat. panies. July 4: The RCD MinisterialCouncil ended a 2 day May 24: The oil ministers of Saudi Arabia, Kuwayt meeting in Turkeyafter deciding to set up perma- and Libya ended an extraordinarymeeting of the nent headquartersin Tehranand approvinga joint Organizationof Arab PetroleumExporting Coun- Pakistani-Turkishventure. tries (OAPEC) in Kuwayt and announced the July 10: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported formal acceptanceof the membershipapplications Ceylon will seek Arab petroleumdirectly to extri- of Algeria, Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Dubai. cate the Ceylon PetroleumCorp. from existing ties May 29: The heads of state of the UAR, Libya and with the westernPetroleum Consortium. the Sudan ended a 4 day meeting in Khartim July 15: MENA reportedthe head of LibyanAirlines with a statement saying the 3 had "affirmedthe saying that Libya,the UAR and Sudan had agreed fusion of the three countries' progressive revolu- to form a joint airline company. tions in confrontingthe plots of world imperialism, July 25: The EconomyMinisters of Tunisia, Algeria Zionism and local reactionaryforces." and Moroccoended their 6th conferencein Rabat June 8: Commissioner-Generalof the Arab League with a communiquesaying agreementwas reached Boycott of Israel Office MuhammadMahjub said on the necessityfor achievinga Maghribentity. the US Senatorswho recentlysigned a letter urging July 31: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported PresidentNixon to sell additionalplanes to Israel the denial by Tapline officials that a settlement would be blacklistedin the Arab world. had been reached with Syria for repair of the June 9: It was officiallyannounced in Kuala Lampur damaged pipeline. that MalaysianPremier Tunku Abdul-Rahmanwas Aug. 5: Secretary-Generalof the Islamic Secretariat appointed Secretary-Generalof the Islamic Sec- Tunku Abdul-Rahmanexpressed "doubts" about retariat. setting up the secretariatin Jiddah, preferring a The information ministers of the UAR, Libya more "neutral"site. and the Sudan ended a 3 day meeting in Cairo A conference of the "confrontation"countries after agreeing to merge the press agenciesof their met in Tripoli. Algeria and Iraq did not attend, countries. protestingacceptance of the US peace plan. June 11: A joint communiquewas issued announcng Aug. 7: The Middle East EconomicDigest published that Moroccan King Hasan, Algerian President a statement by Algerian Minister of Industry Boumedienne and MauritanianPresident Daddah Belaid Abdelsalam,as printed in L'Opinionsaying will hold a summit conference in September in that Moroccoand Tunisia were more industrialized Mauritania. than Algeria and "the majorityof their enterprises June 17: Agence France Presse reported "informed are in the hands of foreigners." "A system of sources" saying Libya had withdrawn from the integrationwould lead to advantagesand domina- Maghrib Permanent Consultative Committee in tion to the detrimentof Algeria." Tunis. June 21: The Egyptian Gazette reported a Libyan governmentdecision to raise its subscriptionto the Algeria Arab Economicand Social DevelopmentFund from ?Lib lm to ?Lib 10m. (See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General, Israel, Delegationsfrom the 5 "confrontationcountries" Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria) of Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Sudan and the UAR and Libya met in Tripoli to discuss unity and the 1970 Palestinianmovement. May 20: The appointment of Umar Boujeilab as Jane 24: Algerian PresidentBoumedienne, speaking Minister of Health was announced. at the opening session of the Organization of East German Foreign Minister Otto Winzer PetroleumExporting Countries (OPEC) in Algiers, ended a 2 day visit after signing an agreement said "the most useful path for the consumingand providing for the establishmentof diplomaticrela- producing countries to follow is that of direct tions at the ambassadoriallevel. contacts,instead of dependingupon the intermedi- May 22: MoroccanMinister of Commerce,Industry ary role of the exploiting companies"and said "we & Mining MohammedJaidi ended a 4 day visit for must take into our own hands all stages of this talks on bilateral cooperation in mining, power development from production to marketing." projects,industry and oil. CHRONOLOGY 501

May 23: Tunisian Minister of EconomyHasan Belk- countryof revenue. hoja ended a 5 day visit after agreeing to sub- July 4: PresidentBoulmedienne ended a week's tour stantiallyincrease bilateral trade. of the Tlemcen region and announcedthe develop- May 25: PresidentBoumedienne said agrarianreform ment program for the area, induding the con- was an "economic necessity"and said the object structionof "two importantindustrial complexes" was not to liquidate private ownershipbut to "re- and 4 dams and the reclamationof 45,000 hectares strict large-scale ownership." of land. May 27: PresidentBoumedienne and MoroccanKing July 5: In a speech marking the 8th independence Hasan issued a joint communiquesaying the coun- anniversary,Boumedienne said the Algerianrevolu- tries would establish a border-markingcommittee, tion was entering its "decisivephase-that of total would form a joint company to mine the iron developmentand the building of a truly revolution- deposits south of Tindouf and agreed on "the ary society." coordination"of actions "to liberate and assure July 8: Renaultsigned an agreementto build a ?60m the decolonizationof the territoriesoccupied by automobile plant at Oran. Spain." Jaly 11: The government announced the formation June 1: Mauloud Qasim was appointed Minister of with Yugoslavia of a joint companyto study and Waqfs in place of Ahmed Saadouniwho was ap- implement industrialventures. pointed Ambassadorto Syria. July 21: The government raised the tax reference June 2: Indian Minister of Defense Swaran Singh price for oil producedby the CompagnieFranfaise ended a week's visit for talks on cooperationin de Petroles from $2.08 per barrel to $2.85, retro- military training and the manufactureof defense active to January1969. equipment. Bulgariasigned agreementsto increasetrade from June 5: SONATRACH signed a 10 year agreement $21m in 1970 to $50m in 1973, to give a $40m with the US Dresser Industriessetting up a joint long term loan for industrial and agricultural company to provide equipment and technical serv- projects and for Bulgaria to send technical as- ices in oil and mud exploration,drilling, manufac- sistance. ture and selling. July 22: The following new ministerialappointments June 10: The Republican Council ended a 2 day were announced: meeting after reviewing the past 5 years, saying Ahmed Medeghri:Interior the state had been built on solid bases with the Ismail Mahrouq:Finance increasinginvolvement of the populationand that Abdullah Fadad: Youth & Sports "recovering" the country's natural wealth was Mohammed Kadi: Communications almost complete. Kamel AbdullahKhodja: State for Planning June 15: The government announced the national- Abdullah Arbawi: State for Water & Irrigation ization of the holdings of Royal Dutch Shell, Mahmoud Jannaz: Veterans Affairs Elwerath, Phillips Petroleum and A.M.I.F. Francerejected the government'sdemand raising June 20: Saudi King Faysal ended a 4 day state the tax reference price and urged the matter be visit with a joint communiqueannouncing agree- referredto an arbitrationcommittee called for in ment on developingcloser cooperationin all fields, the 1965 agreement. supporting the Palestinian revolution and calling Aug. 1: Iraqi Vice PresidentHardan al-Takriti ended for the withdrawalof foreign bases and fleets from a day's visit. the Mediterranean. Aug. 4: The government announced that Phillips June 21: The New York Times said it had learned Petroleumsigned an agreementwith SONATRACH "this week" that the government had expelled for compensationof nationalization. members of the private American CARE-Medico Aug. 15: The governmentsaid she held Britain re- mission. sponsible for securing the release of 2 Algerians June 25: Iraqi President Bakr ended a 4 day visit being detained in Israel. with a communique supporting the Palestinian revolution,agreeing on establishingcooperation in "variousstages of the oil industry"including setting up joint companiesto make the petroleum policy Cyprus of both countries "a united front," and agreeing on "the necessityof removingall causesof military (See also Turkey) tension" in the Mediterranean. 1970 June 30: Le Monde reported a government request May 19: Minister of Commerceand IndustryDimi- to French oil firms operating in the country to triou ended a visit to the UAR to representCyprus deposit 70% of their sales revenue in accountsin at the InternationalIndustrial Fair and to talk the country. with UAR Ministerof ForeignTrade Hasan 'Abbis Al Moudjahidaccused Trapsco of artificiallyin- Zaki. flating the price of oil transportand deprivingthe May 23: About 70 members of the National Front 502 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

stole all weapons from the police armory in representativeswere chosen by the Turkish com- Limassol and left the guards bound and locked munity. in jail. July 8: President of the Cypriot House of Repre- President Makariosdismissed several police of- sentatives Glafcos Clerides and President of the ficers who were present during the raid. Turkish Cypriot CommunalChamber Rauf Denk- May 24: The police announced that some of the tash resumed the inter-Cypriottalks, discussing stolen weapons had been recoveredand 50 people judicial and legislative authority. arrested. July 11: Clerides ended a 3 day visit to Athens for The Cyprus Bulletin published a statement by talks with Greek Foreign Minister Pipinelis "on Makarios saying the inter-Cypriottalks "do not the furtherhandling of the Cyprusproblem within offer any basis of optimism as to their outcome" the frameworkof the local talks." since the Turkish side was speaking openly about July 16: Clerideswas reelectedPresident of the House "cantonsand federation"and said "we shall accept of Representatives. neither cantonizationnor federalizationof Cyprus." July 17: Belgium's contribution of $4.511m for May 28: Contributionsof $600,000 and $50,000 to- UNFICYP was reported. ward the UN Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) from July 22: Cleridesand Denktashcontinued preparation Greece and Australiarespectively were reported. of a joint document giving points of agreement June 2: It was officially announced that all people and disagreementon their talks, completing the wanted in connection with the May 23 raid in section on judicial authority. Limassolhad been arrested. July 28: US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State June 7: The CyprusBulletin published parts of UN Rodger Davies began a 3 day visit for talks with Secretary-GeneralU Thant's report on Cyprus in Makariosand other governmentleaders. which he expressedhis and Special Representative July 29: Clerides and Denktash completed the sec- Osorio-Tafall'sreadiness to be of any assistance, tion on points of agreementand disagreementon recommendedthe extension of UNFICYP for an the question of police. additional 6 months and appealed to both sides July 31: Cleridesand Denktashcompleted the section to make concessionsfor the sake of peace. on executive authority. June 9: The UN Security Council voted to extend Aug. 6: An official communiquewas releasedsaying the UNFICYP until December 15, 1970 "in the that persons suspiciously approacheda National expectationthat by then sufficientprogress towards Guardcamp near Trikomo,failed to identify them- a final solution will make possible a withdrawal selves and tried to escape. The people, later identi- or substantialreduction of the Force." fied as Turkish Cypriots, were fired on, with 1 June 13: Ministerof ForeignAffairs Kyprianou ended killed and 2 wounded. a 3 day visit to Greece with a communiquesaying Aug. 11: The Attorney General ruled there was no the 2 governments "have jointly laid down and ground for legal responsibilityin the August 5 have been following an agreed a policy aiming at shooting. in positive outcome the local talks" and have British Lord Caradonarrived on a private visit agreed on the necessity for an end "of any kind that was to include talks with Makarios. or form of anomalyand lawlessnessin the island." June 29: The Washington Post reported Makarios as saying that if enosis occurred, NATO could Iran establish military bases on the island, but ruled out granting Turkey military bases on the island (See also Jordan,Kuwayt, Persian Gulf) in return for her consent to enosis. The governmentannounced that Ihsan Ali was 1970 appointed adviser to Makarios. May 16: Pakistani Minister of Finance Ali Khan June 30: Makarios appointed the following new Qezelbash began a week's visit. ministers: Ruler of Abu Dhabi Shaykh Zayd began an Frixos Petrides: Education official visit. Andreas Loizides: Commerce& Industry May 20: The Iran InvestmentConference, attended George Ioannides: Justice by nearly 40 American businessmen,ended a 2 Nicolaos Roussos: Communications& Works day session in Tehran. AndreasMavrommatis: Labor & Social Insurance May 24: ForeignMinister Zahedi announcedthe gov- PanayiotisToumazis: Agriculture & Natural Re- ernment would recognize Bahrayn "at any time sources it announcedits independence." July 6: Returnsfor the July 5 parliamentaryelections June 5: A syndicateof British, Americanand Japa- were announced with the Unified Party winning nese banks agreed to make a $100m Eurodollar 15 seats; AKEL, 9 seats; Progressive Front, 7 loan to Iran's central bank, Bank Markazi. seats; United Democratic Center Party, 2 seats; The Middle East Economic Survey quoted the Independents,2 seats and, in separateelections, 15 Shah in an interview "last week" saying "our CHRONOLOGY 503

aim is not to get a higher price for Iranian oil; May 28: A decree was announcedrestricting impor- rather we are trying to increase our revenue tation of foreign newspapers and publications, through more productionof crude oil." effective July 1 to prevent "reactionaryand harm- June 8: L'Expressquoted the Shah saying that when ful publicationsfrom entering the country." the British leave the Gulf, "it must be forever, June 1: An RCC decree announcedthat all imports and that no other power should replace them" destined for guerrilla organizations would be and said on the question of oil "the whole present exempt from all customs duties. system of exploiting companies must disappear. The Beirut daily Ni4sil al-Watan reported that Their profitsare not made here, not at the well.... at least 270 Iraqi Communistshad recently been Producing oil is not difficult. We are doing it jailed by the government. already." June 4: Libyan President Qadhdhafiended a 5 day June 16: The President of Bahrayn'sState Council visit for talks with PresidentBakr and other gov- ended a 4 day visit which he said had been "a ernment leaders. complete success"and said he was impressed by June 5: Secretary-Generalof the Algerian FLN Qaid the Shah's "great understandingof the need for Ahmad ended a 3 day visit after talks with Ba'th peace and stability in the Gulf area." Partyofficials. June 17: The World Bank announced a $45m 25 June 7: The exit fee for Iraqis traveling abroadwas year loan to finance the foreign exchange re- raised to IDs 50, with studentsand people travel- quirements of an $85m highway improvement ing in the Gulf area exempted. project June 13: The Frenchfirm Solcatrasigned a contract June 26: The Shah and Empress Farah ended a 4 to carryout 13 agriculturalprojects in the country. day state visit to Finland after a statement by June 28: The RCC issued a decree allowing a 6 the Shah rejecting any British decision to remain month period for Iraqis to bring funds abroad in the Gulf after 1971 but adding that British back into the country "to contributeto the coun- forces under the provisions of the UN Charter try's economic development." might remain "if there was an organizationthat June 30: Ruler of Ra's al-KhaymahShaykh Saqr extended a formal request or invitation to the ended a 5 day visit for talks with ministers on British or others to come to its assistance." "maintainingthe Arab characterof the Gulf." July 1: The Shah and EmpressFarah ended a 6 day July 1: PresidentBakr chargedthat a fertilizer plant state visit to Rumania. near Baghdadand a sulfur factoryin Kirkuk had July 10: The Shah met with British Foreign Secretary been "sabotaged"to "underminethe government's Sir Alec Douglas-Homefor talks concerningBritish development schemes." intentionsin the Gulf. July 2: Minister of Culture and Information Salih July 30: An earthquakehit in the Khorosanregion, 'Umar 'Ali was dismissed and his duties assumed killing at least 100 people. by Foreign Minister Shaykhli. The USSR signed a tradeagreement for 1971/75 July 6: The meeting of the Eighth Kurdish Demo- to supply industrialequipment, iron and steel in cratic Party Congress ended a 6 day session in return for textiles and aluminum. Kallala after reelecting Barazani President and Aug. 8: Two earth tremors rocked the Biynurd re- electing a party CentralCommittee, expanded from gion, with no casualtiesreported. 17 to 22 members. The Oil and Gas Journalreported an agreement with Syriafor cooperationon Iraq'sproposed pipe- Iraq line from the Rumalyahfield to the Mediterranean. July 7: Libya signed an agreement for an increase (See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General, Algeria, in trade and an exchange of experts. Jordan, Kuwayt, Libya, Syria, UAR) July 13: TurkishForeign Minister ;aklayangilended a 4 day visit for talks with President Bakr and 1970 Foreign MinisterShaykhli on "the developmentof Afay 21: The governmentannounced the outlines of friendly ties" and "internationaldevelopments." an agrarian reform law limiting land holdings July 14: A communiquewas issued on the results to between 10 and 500 acres and establishing of the Kurdish Democratic Party Congress an- a Supreme AgriculturalCouncil "to define agri- nouncing Kurdish backingof the Arab nation "in culturalpolicy" and to "formulatea detailed plan its struggle against imperialism,Zionism and re- for agriculturaldevelopment." action and for the recoveringthe usurpedrights in May 22: A decreewas issued cutting salariesof Revo- Palestine." lution Command Council (RCC) members by July 15: Vice President $lih Mahdi 'Ammash 15% and ministers' salaries by 10%. warned IPC that if it did not increaseproduction May 26: The government ordered 7 35,370 ton in the Basraharea the governmentwould employ tankers from Spain, to be paid for with future pipelines and other installations of the Bashrah crude deliveries. PetroleumCo. for transportingstate-produced oil. 504 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

July 16: PresidentBakr announceda new provisional views expressedby TransportMinister Ezer Weiz- constitutionwhich definedthe RCC as "the highest man who spoke of transferringArab refugeesfrom authorityin the state,"limited membershipin the Gaza and of Hebron's being included in the state RCC to Ba'th Party members, and declared the of Israel. Iraqi people "formed of two nationalities, Arab June 3: The World Bank announceda $25m loan and Kurdish." Bakr emphasizedthat the terms of to the Industrial Development Bank of Israel to the March 11 agreementwould be carriedout for meet part of the Bank's foreign exchange require- "Kurdishautonomy." ments in providing medium and long term credit July 18: President Bakr proposed the establishment for the country'sindustrial development. of an Arab defense alliance in the Gulf area to June 7: US Secretaryof State Rogers said the US include the 9 Gulf amirates,Iraq, Saudi Arabiaand would announce "fairly soon" its decision on the Kuwayt. sale of planes to Israel and said the sale would be July 20: Bakr denied reports that Communistswere done in a "balancedand measured way so that being arrestedand criticized leftists for impeding we don't signal to the Arabsthat we are so behind the formationof a nationalfront. Israel that we'll support them no matter what July 29: The governmentgranted broadcasting facli- they do." ties in Baghdadto the PalestineLiberation Organi- June 12: The Middle East EconomicSurvey reported zation (PLO). that governmentplans to drill for oil off the Gulf BaghdadRadio said Iraqi forces in Jordan had of Suez had been abandoned"for the time being" been placed under the command of the Central because of the withdrawal of the companies Committeeof the PLO. involved. July 30: The Iraq news agency reportedthat the gov- June 14: Finance Minister Pinhas Sapir appealed to ernment enjoyed the full support of OPEC in its officeworkers to forego the shortenedsummer work- dispute with the oil companies. ing week, explaining the need for mobilizing all Aug. 1: Pravdacriticized the governmentfor object- physical and human resourcesin the present se- ing to UAR President Nisir's acceptanceof the curity situation. US peace proposalsaying the government'sposition June 15: Foreign Minister Eban arrivedfor a 3 day only weakens the Arab effort to regain occupied officialvisit to Italy. territory. It was announcedthat Mrs. Zeidmanhad under- Aug. 12: Deputy Chairman of the RCC Saddam gone an Orthodox conversionto the Jewish faith IHusaynaccompanied by a "state and party"dele- and had withdrawn her suit for registration as gation ended a 9 day visit to the USSR. Jewish. June 16: The High Court in Jerusalem ruled the government must register as man and wife a Israel Jewish couple who were marriedwithout the par- ticipationof clergy in a privatereligious ceremony. (See also Arab Israeli Conflict, Algeria, June 23: The CentralOffice of Statisticsreported that Jordan, Sudan) 32,000 tourists had visited the country in May, an increaseof nearly 3,000 over May 1969. 1970 June 29: The EECsigned a 5 year preferentialagree- May 18: FormerPrime Minister David Ben-Gurion's ment to cut tariffs by 50% on a wide range of resignationfrom the Knesset was announced. Israeli industrial exports and by 40% on citrus May 21: Foreign Minister Abba Eban ended a 2 exports. Israel will reduceduties on a list of EEC day visit to the US and said he was disappointed exports by 10 to 30%. that there had been no positive responseto Israel's June 30: The Washington Post quoted "State De- request for additional arms, "but nor has there partment sources"saying that deliveries of Phan- been a negative response,so we are still waiting." tom jets to the country would be complete by May 24: Eban, speaking in a recordedinterview for next month. US TV, said a US refusal to supply aircraftwould July 5: The CentralCommittee of the Nurses Union have disastrousresults internally. declareda strike after the government'scivil serv- May 27: In a Knesset vote of support for Prime ice commissionrejected their demandsfor a 15%6 MinisterGolda Meir'sMay 26 speech,Gahal Party wage increase. A small staff remained at the job membersabstained and Partyleader Begin said the to handle emergencycases only. statement"upset the coalition balance." July 9: The Nurses Union agreedto call off the strike May 28: The National Religious Party threatenedto to allow mediation on their demands. withdrawfrom the coalition if Mrs. Zeidman,con- July 13: A 2 year agreement was reported signed verted to Judaismby rabbis of the Circle for Pro- "last weekend"with the OAS under which Israeli gressive Judaism, was enrolled in the state popu- teams will carry out projects to help the growth lation registry as Jewish. of rural communities. Jane 1: Eban dissociatedthe government from the July 15: Canada agreed to lend $15m to purchase CHRONOLOGY 505

Canadianequipment for an electric power station. June 7: Members of the Army unit al-$i'iqah am- July 16: Israeli Ministerof Interiorand leader of the busheda guerrillapatrol in Zarqaand took several National Religious Party Moshe Haim Shapiro prisoners. died at the age of 68. Palestiniancommandos kidnapped an American July 17: The New York Times reported that the diplomat, Morris Draper, in Amman. US "has been conducting its Middle East policy June 8: The US Embassyannounced the release of on the assumptionthat Israel either possesses an Morris Draper. atomic bomb or has componentparts availablefor June 9: Widespreadfighting broke out between com- quick assembly." mando and governmentforces. July 18: Governmentofficials denied that the country The InteriorMinistry called the numberof casu- was a nuclear power and protested The New alties from the clashes very high. York Times article as "speculative,unauthoritative Amman Radio reportedat noon that a cease-fire and inaccurate." had been agreed on but clashes continued in the July 19: The New York Times cited "reliablesources" city. saying the US State Departmentencouraged L.T.V. Amman Radio reported that King Husayn's Aeronautics Co. to interest Israel in F-8 Cru- motorcade, reportedly on the way to the scene sader jets to replace lost Phantoms and saying of the clashes,came under a "criminalattack" near the US signed new contractsto supply bombs to $uwaylih. the country. Sources from the Palestine LiberationOrgani- July 30: The Gahal Party voted to leave the Cabinet zation (PLO) said its forces had tried to block if it should choose unlimited acceptanceof the US the King's motorcadebut did not make an attempt peace plan. on the King's life. Aug. 3: The Jerusalem Post reported the Institute June 10: The Popular Front for the Liberationof for Planning and Development was awarded a Palestine (PFLP) announcedit was holding about $600,000 urban aid industrial planning contract 80 British, Americansand West Germanshostage by the UN Development Programmefor northern at 2 hotels in Amman. Thailand. Fighting continued in Amman with casualties, Aug. 4: The Knesset approvedthe text of the Cabi- not including the Army, put at from 100 to 400 net's acceptanceof the US peace plan 66 to 28. with over 250 wounded. The Gahal Party voted to withdraw from the Eyewitnessesarriving in Beirut reported that government. commandoshad tried to seize the radio and TV Aug. 9: The JerusalemPost criticizedforeign news- stations but had been repulsed by the Army. men for inventing a "wave of rejoicing" in the The PFLP said its troops had seized 4 police country over the cease-fire. stations in various parts of Amman. Auwg.10: Israeli Ambassadorto the US Rabin re- Agreement reached between King Husayn and turnedto Washingtonafter 2 days of consultations. Fath leader Yisir 'Arafat called for the return of Aug. 14: Two Algerian citizens were detained when all forces to their barracks,establishment of joint their BOAC airliner stopped over at Lydda. controls and checkpoints,release of prisoners and the establishmentof 2 committees to investigate causesof the clashes. Jordan The PFLP rejectedthe cease-fireagreement and demanded the abolition of all anti-commando (See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General, Iraq, organizationsand the dismissal of officials known Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAR) to be hostile to the commandos,including Nisir Bin Jamil, Zayd Bin Shikir, Rasuil Kaylini and 1970 Salih Abi Zayd. May 20: Water began to flow through the East Ghor Fath Radio called for the resignationof certain Canal, 5 weeks after the beginning of repair work Jordanian officials and condemned the PFLP for on it. refusing to cooperatewith the cease-fire. May 21: MENA reportedthat the Czechfirm Techno- Amman Radio reportedthat patrols with com- export agreed to build a $14m dam at Zarqa. mandos and Army troops had begun patrolling June 2: Iranian Foreign Minister Zahedi ended a Amman. 3 day offical visit. In a broadcast,King Husayn said the past days Libyan President Qadhdhifi accompanied by of fighting were "the saddest days of my life" Iraqi Vice Presidents'Ammish and Ghaffir ended and said "unless this sedition ends, destmction a day's unannouncedvisit. will come to all of us and to this country, and JAne 6: Clashes occurredbetween guerrillasand the the wishes of the enemy will be fulfilled." Army when, during the funeral of a commando, A US military attache Robert Perry was killed an officer of a special Army unit, a1-$i'iqah,was by commandosat his home in Amman. wounded by one of the mourners. UAR President Nisir and Libyan President 506 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Qadhdhifi called on King Husayn to do every- 'Akif al-Fi'iz: State for Premiership thing possible to end the crisis and appealed for Silih al-Mu'ashshir:Social Affairs & Labor an effectivecease-fire. 'Abd al-Wahhabal-Majal1: State for Defense The PFLPtold hostagesat the hotels they would Qisim al-Rimawi: Interior for Municipal & blow up the hotels if the Army continued to Rural Affairsand Agriculture bombard refugee camps. Antuin'Atallih: Foreign Affairs June 11: King Husaynsaid his bodyguardand 5 others SubbliAmin 'Amir: Health and Development& were woundedin an attempton his life and accused Reconstruction the commandosof plotting to solve the Palestine Dhuiqin al-Hindiwi: Education problem either by creating a Palestinianstate on Shaykh 'Abd al-Hamid al-Si'ih: Waqfs Jordanian soil or by some kind of state, linked Rashid 'Urayqit: Transport with Israel,on the West Bank. Najib Irshaydat:Communications King IHusaynannounced he was taking personal Fawwiz al-Rusan: Justice command of the Army and was dismissing Com- Muhammad al-Farri: Culture, Information, manderin Chief Nisir Bin Jamil, and the comman- Tourism & Antiquities der of an armoreddivision, Zayd Bin Shikir. Dawuidal-Husayni: National Economy UAR PresidentNisir called the clashesbetween 'Abd al-Qidir Tish: Finance the Army and the guerrillasa "tragedyand a mas- Sulaymanal-Hadidi: Interior sacre"and said the situation was "dangerous"and Ja'far al-Shimi: Public Works had damaged the Arab struggle against Israel. June 28: The Cabinet set up a special task force to DamascusRadio announcedthe Syrian govern- deal with guerrilla affairs. ment would stand by the guerrillasin their struggle June 29: Chief of Staff Hadithahannounced the dis- with the Jordaniangovernment. banding of the Army'sSpecial Branch. He denied June 12: A general cease-fire was proclaimed at that the Special Forces had been dissolved,saying 4 am local time, with fighting stopped in Amman. they were a paratroopunit and not the same as The hostages were released by the commandos the Special Branch. and over 150 Americanswere evacuatedfrom the July 2: MENA reportedthe resignationof Muham- country. mad al-Farri from his post and his request to be Reutersquoted Red Crescentofficials saying there retained as Jordanian representativeto the UN. had been at least 700 casualties including 200 July 6: The government announced receipt of the dead in the clashes. Libyan aid installmentof ?2,593,569. June 13: The Central Committee of the Palestinian July 9: 'All AbuiNuwwir was appointed Counsellor commandos said that dissident Army tank com- of the King. mandershad tried to advanceon Amman but were July 10: The 4 man mediation committeerepresent- stopped by joint action of the commandos and ing the UAR, Sudan,Libya and Algeria announced forces loyal to the King. agreement was reached between the government Prime MinisterBahjat Talhini said that gunmen and the guerrillas. The governmentagreed to sup- had fired on a motorcadecarrying Army Chief of port the "liberation"struggle and to insure "soli- Staff Hadithah, wounding 5 guards but leaving darity"with the commandos,insuring that no steps Hadithah unharmed. be taken "againstthe interest of the Palestine re- King IHusayncalled upon the Army to "exer- sistence movement." The guerrillasagreed not to cise full discipline and full obedience." carry arms in public places, to have all guerrilla Ju-ne 14: King Husayn suspended publication of vehicles licensed and to stop at governmentroad al-Difh' and al-Dustir for articles critical of the blocks, not to train, fire weapons or store ammuni- royal family and the Army. tion near populatedareas and to respectJordanian A commandospokesman said that commandos law and securityregulations. had executed 2 Arabs implicated in the rape of July 25: The New York Times reportedthat King 2 Americanwomen during the clashes. Husayn postponed a Cabinet meeting, reportedly June 15: The Red Crescent said that one of the to permit "behind-the-scenes"negotiations between Americansseized as a hostage,Paul Shraum,would the governmentand the guerrillason the proposed be released June 16. US peace plan. June 25: The government cancelled military con- July 31: President Nixon announced Dean Brown scriptionfor the Army, replacingit with voluntary will be US Ambassadorto the country. recritment. Aug. 11: Celebrationswere held on the 18th anni- June 26: King IHusaynaccepted the resignation of versaryof King Husayn'saccession. Prime Minister Talhiini and appointed 'Abd al- Mun'im al-Rifi'i Premier. Kuwayt The government authorizedthe publication of al-Difs' and al-Dast;r. (See also Arab Israeli Conflict, General, Iraq, June 27: The following new Cabinetwas announced: Saudi Arabia, Tunisia) CHRONOLOGY 507

1970 within the prescribedperiod." July 17: Speakingin Baghdad,Foreign Minister Jibir May 17: Ruler of Dubai Shaykh Rishid ended a that no decision between Kuwayt and Iran for talks with Prime Minister Shaykh said 2 day visit would "infringe on Iraq's rights to its territorial on Gulf affairs. Jabir waters." 19: Iraqi Minister of Economy Fakhri Qaddiir May July 18: Le Monde reportedthat the KuwaytNational a 4 day officialvisit. began PetroleumCompany dosed its Londonand Danish May 20: Minister of Interior and Defense Shaykh sales offices. Sa'd al-'Abdallahdenied reportsthat Kuwaytwould 22: The National Assemblypassed reforms deal- send a token force to Bahraynbut "in the event of July ing with internalsecurity, organization, holding of threats of danger to the security of any Emirate, public office and citizenship. we shall not hesitate to do so" and said "the presentsituation and variousinternational develop- ments demand the immediatebirth of the Federa- Lebanon tion in order to insure the securityand welfare of (See also Arab Israeli Conflict,Libya, Syria, UAR) the area." May 29: Ruler of Abu Dhabi Shaykh Zayd ended a 1970 3 day official visit for talks on the proposed Gulf May 22: Yugoslav Economy Minister Ali Shkriya Federation. ended a 5 day visit "to promote commercialex- June 2: A Ministry of Educationofficial announced changes between the two countries." that secondaryeducation for adults would be in- May 26: Prime MinisterRashid Karimi said the gov- troducedin autumn,with 1 center open for males ernment was considering calling in troops from and 2 for females in existing schools. Moroccoand Tunisia and other Arab countriesto June 3: Libyan Foreign Minister $alih Buway;Ir defend the country against Israel. ended a 3 day visit. Shi'i leaderImim Muisial-Sabr led a day'sstrike June 12: LebaneseInterior Minister Kamil Junblit protesting what was called the government'sne- began a 3 day visit. glect of southernLebanon and demandinggovern- June 15: The Financial Committee of the National ment defense of the area, military training for the Assembly agreed that repaymentby the UAR of area'smen and care for refugees from the area. Kuwayti loans totalling KDs 58m should be post- The Chamberof Deputies allocated ?Leb 30m poned indefinitely to enable the UAR "to stand for relief of the refugeesfrom bordervillages and fast in these critical times." defense of the south. June 16: A proposal was made in the National As- May 27: The Cabinet decided not to request outside sembly to impose a tax on profits of foreign oil Arab forces for protection. companies operating in the Arab world to cover After meeting with commandoleaders, Interior half the amount of defense paid by the Arab oil MinisterJunblit announcedthat, effectiveJune 15, producingcountries to the Arab frontline states. the Army would enforce the Cairo agreement. June 24: Premier Shaykh Jibir called on the oil May 29: Minister of InteriorJunblit said that mem- companiesoperating in the country to invest part bers of the Palestine Armed Struggle Command of their profits in national projects,play an active (PASC) were considered "allies" and exempt role in local industries and pay higher wages to from the Cairo agreementrestrictions. local employees. June 1: Le Pitrole et le Gaz Arabes reported that June 28: Al-Kuwayt al-Yawm published the state's agreementin principle had been reachedto build 1970/71 budget of $894.4m with development a third refineryin the countryin which the Saudi projectsand acquisitionof propertyallotted 23.72% oil concern Petromin would have a substantial and the General Reserve, .53%. equity holding. 'Ajmin heir to the throne Shaykh Hamid bin June 3: A specialcouncil under Ministerof Planning Rishid Nuaym-i began a visit for talks on the Maurice Jumayyil was formed to study problems proposed Federation. resultingfrom increasedfighting along the southern June 29: Deputy Ruler of Qatar Shaykh Khalifah border. paid a brief visit for talks with the Amir and the June 6: Minister of Public Works Pierre al-Jumayyil Prime Minister. said the commandos "now have a free hand to July 8: Iranian Foreign Minister Zahedi ended a 3 sport with our fortuneswhile their own hand stays day visit with a communiquesaying the 2 countries short of inflicting any effective harm on the agreed that a Gulf Federationwould achieve the enemy." stability that was fundamentalto the progressand June 7: Libyan President Qadhdhifi arrived on an prosperity of the area and agreed on increasing official4 day visit. bilateraltrade. June 9: Prime Minister Karimi announced that July 12: A governmentspokesman said the govern- Libya had agreedto give financialaid for the pur- ment "is strongly opposed to the stay of British chase of arms and other military equipment for forces in the area and insists on their withdrawal defense of the southern border. 508 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

EheUSSR signed a tourismagreement providing that an advanced French radar system had been for the reciprocalexpansion of facilities and the installed in southern Lebanon. exchangeof information. Aug. 2: Italian Foreign Minister Aldo Moro met June 11: The US signed a $7m loan under which with President Hilu for talks on the US peace Lebanon will buy US agriculturalproducts. plan and bilateral relations. June 12: About 3,000 demonstratorsset fire to the Aug. 5: Fu'ad Shihib announcedhis "final"decision JordanianEmbassy and hoisted the Palestinianflag not to seek election to the Presidency. on the roof, protestingthe recentclashes in Jordan. Aug. 8: The MiddleEast Economic Digest said foreign June 14: A World Bank loan of $7.2m under the depositsin Lebanesebanks increasedby ?Leb 24m US PL 480 for wheat, barley,corn and cotton was in May. reported. Aug. 15: Camille Sham'unannounced his candidacy operatingout June 15: Overlandtransport companies for the Presidency. of Beirut ended a week's strike against new Syrian The CommunistParty was given authorizationto restrictions on transit trade after announcement operatefreely. that the restrictionswould be dropped. June 17: Yugoslaviasigned a tourism agreement. Jutne 18: Interior Minister Junblat issued stricter measuresfor control of demonstrationsincluding LibyanArab Republic the applicationin advanceto include time, purpose (See also General, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwayt, Lebanon, and routes with the majority of those organizing SaudiArabia, South Yemen, Syria,Sudan, UAR) and participatinghaving fixed addressesin Beirut. July 3: The Middle East Economic Survey reported 1970 an announcementby National Economy Minister Sulaymin Franjiyyahon the breakdownof nego- May 17: The Revolution CommandCouncil (RCC) tiations between the government and the owners approved the 1970/71 ordinary budget of ?Lib of IPC and Medroco'srefineries because of "the 182.7m with fLib 44m for educationand national refusal of the companies to respond to the gov- guidance,?Lib 30m for defense and ?Lib 25m for ernment demandsregarding their fiscal obligations internal security. to the treasury." The governmentwarned foreign oil companies July 4: An "officialreport" to the Regional Governor operatingin the countryto resume "normal"drill- Henri Lahoud was published putting the number ing operationswithin the month, it was announced. of refugees from the southern border areas at May 24: Algerian Foreign Minister Bauteflikaended 22,853, with most of them living in the Beirut a 3 day visit with a joint communiqueannouncing area and concluding"an atmosphereof sorrowand agreementswidening "the range of, and consoli- fear prevails"in the southern villages. "Work is dating, bilateralrelations." at a standstill. Most of the schools are closed." May 27: Oil Minister 'Izz al-Din al-Mabriikarrived The USSR signed a cultural cooperation in Paris on a 3 day visit. agreement. The Algeriannews agencypublished a statement July 7: The panel court of appeals acquitted the by PresidentQadhdhifi saying "we shall soon reach Syrian author and the publisher of the book an agreementwith the companies"and that "this Critique of Religious Thought who had been agreementwill safeguardthe national interests of chargedwith criticizingIslam and fomenting strife the Libyanpeople." among religious factions. May 28: The RCC issued a law defining units of July 8: Speaker of the Chamberof Deputies $abri local governmentas governoratesand municipali- Hamidah ended a 2 week visit to the USSR. ties, both to be autonomousbodies, and establishing July 9: The final phase of talks began on an economic a supreme committee for local government. agreementunder which the USSR will buy $4m June 7: President Qadhdhifi said the government worth of agriculturalproducts. wished "to impress on the US that it may one July 10: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported day find itself without Israel. Likewise, it may, the Central Bank urging emergency measures to perhaps in the near future, find that its interests curb the "alarmingflight of Lebaneseand Arab are threatenedas a result of its supportfor Israel." capital abroad." June 11: The final formal ceremony marking US July 22: The Phalangist Party formally nominated withdrawalfrom Wheelus Base was held, with the Pierre al-Jumayyil for President base renamed'Uqbah bin Nifi'. The Arab World reported that the Popular June 12: The Middle East EconomicSurvey reported Front for the Liberationof Palestine, the Popular a government order "last week" imposing maxi- Strggle Frontand the PalestineLiberation Organi- mum allowableproduction ceilings on Occidental's zation had formed a "joint military command" oilfields from 800,000 b/d to 500,000 b/d, saying for southernLebanon. that Occidentalwas overproducingits oilfields. July 24: The Middle East Econo-mic Digest reported June 19: The Middle East EconomicSuovey reported CHRONOLOGY 509

a government order to Texaco-Chevronto reduce The RCC issued a decision to take over the their output by about 100,000 b/d. administration of the Kufra Oasis agricultural June 22: President Qadhdhifi outlined the country's project from OccidentalPetroleum. foreign policy as being "positiveneutrality" where July 21: The governmentannounced confiscation of the country would establish "honorablerelations the property of Ialians and Jews. Italians will with both the East and the West" and called for not be allowed to work in the country but their Arab unity saying it had now become a necessity. "safety"was assured. Jews will be compensated He said the country had achieved "political free- and were not deprivedof "their right to work and dom" with the US evacuation of Wheelus and other rights." said "we are now entering the struggle for social July 24: PresidentQadhdhf said a "reactionaryim- and economic freedom." perialist plot . . . backed by foreign forces and Iraqi President Bakr ended a 3 day visit for some Libyan elements" had been crushed. the EvacuationDay celebrations. Aug. 1: Foreign Minister Buway?irmet with Italian June 23: LebanesePresident Hilu ended a visit for Foreign Minister Aldo Moro on the government Evacuation Day celebrations. confiscationof Italian property. June 25: Tunisian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mo- Aug. 6: Mobil Oil was ordered to cut production hammed Masmoudi ended a visit to the country by 40,000 b/d to 220,000 b/d by August 15. and said he was "very optimistic"about improved relations between the two countries. June 26: UAR President Nisir, Syrian President Morocco At&siand SudaneseRCC member Ma'mtin 'Awad AbuiZayd ended a week's visit for EvacuationDay (See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General, Algeria, celebrations. Lebanon,Saudi Arabia) June 29: Agence FNnce Presse reportedthat because of meetingsin Tripoli betweenPresident Nasir and 1970 Tunisiangovernment leaders, relations between the May 16: Le Monde reported the omission by the UAR and Tunisia had improved. OfficialBulletin in its listing of governmentmem- June 30: In an address to police officers, Interior bers of Abdel-Salambin Isa, "thusconfirming" his Minister Jalluidsaid security forces "must reveal dismissal from the Cabinet plots and watch suspicous and hostile elements May 18: King Hasan spoke of continued support and groups" who will "continue to plan strikes for "brotherArab countries"and said the country againstthe revolution." was about to "embarkon one of the most im- July 5: The govemment announced its takeover of portantphases of its existence." the import, sale and distributionof all petroleum May 20: The governmentwarned that if the university productsin the country,to be handled exclusively studentsdid not end their 10 day strike protesting by Linoco, with ownership reverting to the state. the calling up of 25 studentsfor national service, Compensationwould be paid by the state. discplinary action would be taken. July 7: Iraq signed a trade and economic agreement May 21: Presidentof the Students'Union Moham- under which joint companies will be formed "in med Lakhassasiand 22 other students were ar- various economic fields" and bilateral trade will rested when students clashed with police. increase. May 25: Rabat Radio announced the government A Hungarianoil delegationarrived for talks on would increaseteachers' salaries, would more than purchasing Libyan oil and supplying equipment double the number of student scholarshipsand and technicalassistance to develop the oil industry. would build new student quartersin Rabat. July 9: President Qadhdhifi warned that Italians in May 27: The joint Algerian-Moroccancommittee to the country should forget their "colonialist""im- delineate the countries'mutual border ended the perialist"past or leave the country. first phase of its talks. Oasis Petroleum Consortium received notice June 2: West Germanyagreed to grant the country from the PetroleumMinistry ordering a reduction ?7.2m in capital aid for the developmentof the of output by 150,000 b/d to 895,000 b/d by phosphateindustry. August 1. June 3: Prime MinisterAhmed Larakiarrived in the July 10: Minister of PetroleumMabrnik denied that US with a message for President Nixon on the oil production cutbackswere ordered to pressure "deteriorationof the situationin the Middle East." companiesinto acceptinghigher posted prices but June 8: Mauritaniasigned a 20 year treaty of soli- for conservationpurposes. darity and friendship. July 15: A ?Lib 50m land reclamationproject in- June 9: MauritanianPresident Mokhtar Ould Daddah volving 27,500 hectaresalong the coast and eastern ended a 2 day visit after signing 4 economic co- and southernLibya was announced,to include the operationagreements dealing with trade, maritime constmction of new villages, farms and farm transport,fishing and customs. houses. June 11: Reuters reported that the Council of the 510 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

Morocco-EECAssociation Agreement agreed to May 27: The World Bank announceda $3m interest examine ways of boosting citrus exports to the free IDA credit to assist in the development of EEC member countries. small industriesin East Pakistan. June 19: The government protested to the Spanish May 30: Italy agreed to loan $40m for the import governmentover the death of a number of tribes- of equipment and material for the Tarbela Dam men in the SpanishSahara. project. June 20: Former Secretary-Generalof the disbanded lJne 2: The National Economic Council approved Party of Liberationand Socialism Ali Yata was the country'sfourth 5 year plan of $1,575m, with released after serving a 10 month sentence. over 1/3 spent in the private sector. Out of the July 7: Agreementswere signed with Spain covering expenditurein the public sector of $1,029m, East trade, finance and air transportfollowing talks in Pakistan will receive about 60% to provide for Madrid between Finance Minister Abdel Karim a 7.5% growth rate and West Pakistan, 40%5 Azraq and Alberto Tuque. for a 5.5% growth rate. July 8: King Hasan announcedthat a new constitu- June 3: The IDA announceda $2.4m interest free tion would be submitted to a national referendum credit to finance the foreign exchange costs of July 14 and, if approved,would returnthe country engineering servicesfor the constructionof 2 irri- to parliamentarydemocracy, with legislative elec- gation projects for East Pakistan. tions held next month. There would be no June 7: The New Yoi'kTimes reportedthat 191 gov- changes in the fundamentalprinciples of the first ernmentofficials were dismissedfollowing trials by constitution and the new legislature would com- special military courts and 69 others were retired. prise one house, a national assembly. June 15: The USSR signed agreementson coopera- Finance Minister Azraq said that, during his tion in science, education,art and culture, radio talks in Madrid, "at no time did we discuss the and TV. questionof Spanish-occupiedSahara" June 17: The World Bank announceda $19.2m Bank Jaly 9: Al-Alam reported the government banning of loan to Sui Northern Gas Pipelines to help finance the annual congress of the General Union of a project to increasethe capacityof SNGPL's gas MoroccanStudents, scheduled for July 25-7. transmissionsystem and an $8m IDA credit for a July 14: The US agreedto loan $8m to cover foreign project to constructbuildings and provide instruc- exchange costs of US agriculturalproducts. tional equipment and technical assistanceat the July 26: The governmentdisclosed the results of the West PakistanUniversity of Engineeringand Tech- July 14 referendum on the new constitution in nology and at the GovernmentEngineering College which 93.19% of the registered voters cast their in Karachi. ballots, with 98.7% in favor. Ministerof Interior June 26: President Yahya ended a 4 day visit to MohammedOufkir said electionsfor the legislature the USSR with a communique on the countries' would be held August 21 and 28. increasedtechnical, economic and culturalcoopera- July 28: The InternationalHerald Tribune reported tion and announcinga Soviet agreementto provide the US had retaineda secret naval communications economic and technical aid in the constructionof centersince US forces left in 1963. a lm ton capacity steel mill in Karachi and to A governmentspokesman denied there were any provide assistancein the country's5 year plan. US military installations, saying all bases were July 9: The Presidentpromulgated an ordinanceset- under Moroccancommand and said there was no ting the proceduresfor the October elections. secret agreement for the maintenance of a US Aug. 1: Reuters reportedfloods in Dacca which re- Navy communicationscenter in the country. portedlykilled 50 people. Aug. 1: The Istiqlal Party and the National Union Aug. 15: President Yahya announced the elections of Popular Forces formed a National Front in would be postponedfrom October 5 to December opposition to the government. 7 because of the flooding in East Pakistan. Aug. 5: The National Front announced it would not participatein the August elections. PersianGulf Pakistan (See also General, Iran, Iraq, Kuwayt) (See also General,Iran) 1970 May 18: Abu Dhabi's crown prince ShaykhKhalifah 1970 ended a day's visit to Bahrayn. May 20: The World Bank announceda $15m interest May 20: Iran reportedlyofficially notified the British free IDA credit to improve telecommunicationsin governmentof its claim to Abu Muisa and the 2 the country. Tanb islands and reportedlystrongly implied that The USSR signed a 10 year agreementfor scien- if the British governmentdid not act to stop drill- tific and technical collaborationin the peaceful ing operations in the area pending a settlement, uses of atomic energy. Iran would take mattersinto its own hands. CHRONOLOGY 511

May25: An 11 man Iranian"goodwill" mission ended . . . they may not give a directanswer out of respect a 3 day visit to Bahraynfor talks with the ruler for the general Arab view." Shaykh'Isa bin Salmoinon Gulf security. July 14: Iranian Foreign Minister Zahedi said Iran May 29: Qatar'sfirst Council of Ministers was an- and Saudi Arabia agreed on the necessity of nounced as follows: British withdrawalfrom the Gulf by the end of Khalifah bin Hamad Al Thinl: Premier and 1971. Finance & Oil july 20: Reuters reported that an assassinationat- ShaykhQasim bin Hamad Al Thani: Education tempt on Shaykh Khilid ibn Muhammad of Shaykh 'Abd al-'Aiiz bin Ahmad Al Thin: Sharjahfailed. Public Health July 26: The New York Times reported that the Shaykh Nasir bin Khilid Al Thini: Economy ruler of Muscatand OmanSultan Sa'id bin Taymur & Commerce was overthrownby his son Qabus bin Sa'ld in a Shaykh 'Abd al-Rah.manbin Sa'cd Al Thani: "palace coup" on July 23. Qabiusexplained he Justice watched"with increasinganger the inabilityof my ShaykhQasim bin MuhammadAl Thani: Elec- father to use the new found wealth of this country tricity & Water Resources for the needs of its people. That is why I have Shaykh Faysal bin Simi Al Thin!: Industry & taken control." Agriculture July 31: Ruler of Muscatand Oman Qabuisbin Sa'id Khilid bin 'Abdallih al-'Atiyyah:Public Works declaredhis support for the proposed Federation. 'Arl bin Ahmadal-Ans-rl: Labor& SocialAffairs Sultan Qabfis announced restrictions against 'Abdallahbin Hasr al-Suwaydi:Communications smoking, dancing and eyeglasses were lifted, a & Transport clinic was established,palace slaves were freed and June 1: A British minesweeper interceptedan Oc- a general amnesty declared. cidental rig 9 miles east of AbuiMuisi and ordered Aug. 1: The New York Times reportedthe world's it to move off. first underseaoil processingunit began operations June 7: Speaking while on a brief visit to Dubai, off Abu Dhabi, processing5,000 b/d. Saudi King Faysal denied that his government Aug. 2: The uncle of Sultan Qabuis,Tiriq bin Tay- had been making "secretarrangements with Iran" mur, was requestedto act as Prime Minister and and said his country stood behind the Gulf states returned from exile. "in the spirit of Islam and Arabism." Aug. 10: Sultan Qab-usannounced Muscat and Oman June 15: The deputy rulers of the members of the would be called the Sultanateof Oman, that "free- proposed Federation ended a 3 day meeting in dom of travel"was restoredand restrictionsagainst Abu Dhabi after deciding that the Federation's the importand ownershipof agriculturalmachinery Prime Ministerwould select his own Cabinetfrom were lifted. a list drawn up by the member states, agreeing that a financial committee headquarteredin Bah- rayn would determinethe basis of the Federation's Saudi Arabia budget and allocate each member's contribution and establishinga legal committee to review con- (See also Arab IsraeliConflict, General, Algeria, Iraq, stitutional proposals. Another meeting was sched- Lebanon, Persian Gulf, Syria, Yemen) uled for August 22. June 28: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported 1970 a press statementdistributed in Beirut announcing May 25: The Kuwayti al-Siyissah published a state- the formation of the National Democratic Front ment by Oil Minister Abmad Zaki Yamini saying for the Liberationof Oman and the ArabianGulf. "we are bearing a cost of about $2m a month" Its announcedaims were to supportthe revolution for the upkeep and maintenanceof the Tapline in Dhufar and to "establish revolutionary and pipeline, that "I do not feel that Riyadh has any progressive conditions" in the region. obligation to continue bearing this loss, consider- July 7: The London Daily Telegraph reported that ing that it knows that the closure of the pipeline the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's forces had was a deliberate act and that Syria now has no "smashed"a rebel group in Oman "trained by intention of repairing it." He said "the question Chinese in Iraq" and reportedly armed with of abandonmentof the line is under consideration." weapons smuggled from South Yemen. June 1: Libyan Foreign Minister $Slih Buwaysir July 11: A Japanese delegation arrived in Bahrayn ended a 3 day visit. for talks reportedly dealing with agreement for Jordanian Prime Minister Talhuni ended a 2 explorationof offshoreareas relinquishedby Con- day visit. tinental Oil. June 10: King Faysalended a 4 day visit to Malaysia July 13: Ruler of Dubai Shaykh Rishid said "the with a joint communique supporting the Arab whole coast, people and rulers, would support the struggle to liberate Palestineand the Holy places. retentionof British forces in the Gulf, even though June 13: King Faysalended a 4 day visit to Indonesia. 512 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

June 16: King Faysal ended a 5 day visit to Af- Britain denied to the UN a report that British ghanistan. planes based in Muscat and Oman had violated June 19: King Faysal,speaking in Algeria, expressed the country'sair space. his "great joy" at the new era of understanding Jaly 16: The London Daily Mail reportedthe island between Morocco,Tunisia and Algeria and said it of Suqutrrwas being used as a Soviet naval base. should serve as an example to the Arab countries July 19: The Council of Ministers approved the of the Middle East. 1970/71 budget of Ds 18.5m, with revenue esti- The Middle East Economic Survey quoted a mated at Ds 13.5m. "highly placed officialsource" as saying the "point July 24: The NLF approveda draft constitutionto has now been reachedwhere it is in the interests be published before the end of the year. of Saudi Arabia to abandon the line altogether Jaly 31: Council PresidentSilim 'All Rubay began a and rely solely on exports from Ras Tanura." 10 day officialvisit to CommunistChina. June 28: The returnof the Ministerof Commerce& Aug. 2: The ForeignMinistry announced its rejection Industryfrom a tour of the FarEast was announced. of the US peace plan for the Middle East. July 9: King Faysalended a visit to Switzerlandfor Aug. 14: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported talks with UN Secretary-GeneralThant on the that the draft constitutionwas published outlining Middle East. a "popular democratic republic" with Islam its !uly 14: Iranian Foreign Minister Zahedi began a religion and Arabic its language, and which pro- 3 day visit for talks with King Faysalon the Gulf. vided for protectionof state and private property July 15: The South Yemen Fouteenth October re- and the right of inheritanceand franchise for all ported that a secret trial was held "last week" nationals over 18. in which members of the armed forces were con- victed of attemptingto overthrowthe government and had been transferredto secret prisons. Sudan July 27: A high level Yemeni delegation led by (See also General,Jordan, Libya) Hasan al-'Amriended a week's visit during which the governmentextended recognition to the Yemeni 1970 Arab Republic and the delegations held talks May 16: OmdarmanRadio announcedthat 500 south- "characterizedby a spirit of friendship, frankness ern rebels had been capturedby governmentforces and full understanding." and "importantequipment" manufactured by Israel and West Germanyseized. May 25: Prime Minister Ja'farMuh.ammad Numayri South Yemen announcedthat all foreign owned and local banks were nationalized. (See also Saudi Arabia, Syria) May 30: Libyan PresidentQadhdhifi ended a 6 day 1970 visit to join in celebrationsMay 25 marking the first anniversaryof the revolution. May 18: A decreewas approvedincreasing the mem- June 3: Prime Minister Numayri was appointed Su- bership of the National Assembly from 49 to 63. preme Commanderof the Armed Forces, Hasan North Koreasigned 2 protocolsagreeing to make 'Abbis, Commanderin Chief and Muhammadal- technicaltraining facilities available in North Korea Baghir, Chief of Staff. and to establish an agriculturalmachinery work- June 4: Numayri opened a 187 kilometreroad from shop in Aden. Khartiim to Medoni. May 20: It was announcedthat the term of the Na- June 10: Numayri ended a 5 day visit to the Central tional Assemblyhad been extended until July 31. African Republic. June 6: Libyan Foreign Minister Buwayslrended a June 14: Numayrl said the country had "rejected 3 day visit. capitalism altogether and was moving along the June 15: Prime Minister Muhammad'Ali Haytham road to socialism"but, because of the "technical warned that the state was facing a severe financial and cultural backwardness,"the country needed a crisis with a budget deficit of Ds 12m. He urged long period of transition. the public to deposit their savings in state banks All cotton marketingoperations in the country and said all government departmentsmust adopt were taken over and grouped under 4 Sudanese- strict economy measures. owned marketing organizations. June 28: Aden Radio reported the Brothers Air June 18: Minister of Irrigation Murtadi Ahmad Services Company (BASCO) would be replaced Ibrihim announced 2 loan agreementswith East by a national SouthernYemen Aviation Co. with Germanyand Czechoslovakiafor ?Sud 420,000 and the state providing 61% of the company'scapital. ?Sud 1.3m respectivelyto finance the Rahad agri- June 30: The Kuwayt Daily News reported the ap- culturalscheme. pointment of Muhammad Mahfuz Bashwan as Jane 20: Thirty-six people accusedof complicity in Minister of Finance. a plot to overthrowthe governmentwere sentenced CHRONOLOGY 513

by a military court to sentencesranging from 3 to Faniq Abi 'Isi: Labor 13 years. Abfual-Qisim Hishim: Yo;uth& Socl Affairs June 24: InteriorMinister Faruiq'Uthman Hamadal- Mu'iwiyah Ibrihim: State for Foreign Affairs lih said that more than 500 people were being July 29: The governmentordered a "temporary"halt held for trial in connectionwith the incidents on to Palestinianradio broadcastsfrom Khartim. Aba Island in March. July 31: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported June 28: China agreed to a $34.8m interest free tht 120,000 tons of wheat valued at $10m will loan, to be repaid over 15 years in agricultural be imported from Canada. exports. Aug. 6: Prime Minister Numayri arrived in Com- June 30: Details of the 1970/71 budget of ?Sud munist China for talks and was received"warmly." 150.4 were announcedin which the emergencytax was droppedand ?Sud 37m allocatedfor defense. July 4: Minister of Economy and Trade Ahmad SyrianArab Sulaymin said the country would form "strategic" Republic economic relations with countries "which politi- (See also Arab IsraeliConflict, General, Algeria, cally support us . . . because of our socialistic Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, UAR) principles." Sudan will prefer bilateral and re- gional agreements"but the West remains a great 1970 market for our products." May 17: LebanesePrime MinisterRashid Kariml ac- July 6: Prime Minister Numayrl ended a tour of companied by Chief of Staff Jean Nujaym EastEurope for 4 day visits and to Yugoslavia,Bulgaria, Foreign Ministry officials ended a day's Hungary and visit for Czechoslovakia,a 3 day visit to talks with Prime Minister Atisi. Poland and a 5 day visit to East Germany. May 21: The Beirut Ni.dl al-Watan reported that July 10: Minister of Planning al-Karim 'Abd Mir- about 2000 Communists, pro-Iraq ghani said 6 East European Ba'thi and nations contributing Nisirites had been recentlyarrested in the 40% of all projectsin the 5 year country. plan will send May 25: JordanianPrime MinisterTalhulni and Chief delegatesto surveythe country's developmentplans. of Staff Hadithah arrivedfor a brief visit. July 17: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported June 2: Secretary-Generalof the Algerian FLN Qaid an Indian agreementto increasetrade from $30m Ahmad ended a 3 day visit after talks with a to $33.7m. Ba'th Party delegation. July 20: Defense MinisterKhalid 'AbbasZaki accused A 5 year ?Syr 145m plan for the development Israel of aiding southern rebels. of communicationswas announced. The Beirut al-Hurriyyahreported that First Sec- June 7: Libyan PresidentQadhdhifi ended a 3 day retaryof the SudaneseCommunist Party 'Abd al- official visit during which he said the battle for Khalek Mahjuibwas under arrest for refusing to liberationof the occupiedterritories concerned pri- dissolve the party and join the projectednational marily the regular Arab forces since "the war of front. popularliberation does not know how to eliminate July 21: The following new ministerialappointments the real challenge which faces the Arab nation." were announced: June 12: Iraqi Minister of Oil & Minerals Sa'duin Ja'far MuhammadNumayrl: Premier and For- Hamaidiended a 3 day visit for talks with Atisi eign Affairs and Minister of Oil Ahmad Hasan, reportedlyon Abu Bakr 'Awadallah: Deputy Premier and a proposed pipeline from the Rumaylahfields to Justice the Mediterranean. Hashim al-Atta: Assistant Premier for Agricul- June 13: LebaneseMinister of Economy Sulaymin ture & Animal Resources Franjiyyahended a day's talks with government Abul al-Gasim Ibrihim: Assistant Premier for officials and announcedthe 2 sides would review Services & Local Government the agreement with Tapline on oil transit and Abui Bakr al-Nur: AssistantPremier for Econ- would drawup new tradeand economicagreements omy & Planning between the 2 countries. Ma'muinAwad Abu Zayd: State for Premiership June 17: The government barred all over-flightsof Mansfir Mahjuib:Economy, Trade & Supply the countryby Saudi aircraft. Ahmad Sulayman:Industry & Mining June 22: A high level Iraqi delegation from the Muhammad'Abd al-Halim: Treasury Ministry of Economy arrived for talks on "the 'Abd al-'Aliyah: Public Works latest developments in the land transit negotia- Tahir Bashshar:Health tions" between Lebanonand Syria. Ahmad al-Jak: Transport& Communications June 26: The Middle EastEconomic Survey published 'Umar al-Hajj Mudsi:National Guidance press reports of Atisi telling a visiting Lebanese 'Ali al-Tum: Agriculture delegationthat Tapline would not be permanently 'Uthman Abu al-Qasim: Cooperatives& Rural closed,but would open when agreementwas reached Development on the payment of higher royalties and offering 514 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

to pay a full year's salaryto any Lebaneseworker Bourguibaaccepted the resignationof the gov- dismissed by the companies because of Tapline's ernment and chargedBahi Ladghamwith forming dosure. a new one. June 28: The New York Times published reports June 11: The Council for the Tunisian-EECAsso- of "informants"arriving in Beirut from Damascus ciation Agreementagreed to consider better treat- saying that "hundredsof people, mostly leftist op- ment for Tunisian citrus, wine and olive oil ponents"of the governmenthad been arrested"in exports. the last 3 weeks." June 12: The new membersof the Cabinetwere an- july 5: South Yemeni President Salim 'Arl Rubay nounced as follows: ended a visit during which a technical and scien- Bahi Ladgham:Prime Minister tific cooperationagreement was signed. Hedi Mouira: State for Economy July 11: The USSR signed a protocol giving eco- Habib BourguibaJr.: Justice nomic and technical assistance to the petroleum MohamedMasmoudi: Foreign Affairs industry. Ahmed Mestiri: Interior July 21: A state companywas establishedto exploit Abib Ben Ammar: Defense iron ore in northern Syria. AbderrazakRassaa: Finance July 28: North Korea signed an agreementto sell AbdallahFarhat: Agriculture the country 20,000 tons of steel. Chedli Ayari: Education,Youth & Sports Aug. 12: Commando leader Yasir 'Arafat ended a Habib Boulares:Cultural Affairs & Information visit after talks with Atsil. Driss Guiga: Public Health MondherBen Ammar: Tourism and Territorial Development Tijani Chelli: Public Works & Communications Tunisia and Posts & Telecommunications Sadok Ben Jemaa: State for Planning (See also General, Algeria, Lebanon, Libya, LassaadBen Osman: State Saudi Arabia) June 14: ZakariaBen Mustafa was named Director of National Security. 1970 June 15: Tunis Radio announced a West German May 22: Belgian Minister of Defense Paul William firm had granted a ?6.7m loan to help financing Segers began a 4 day official visit. an irrigationsystem in the upper MedjerdaValley. May 24: Ahmed Ben Salah was sentencedto 10 years June 17: PresidentBourguiba announced the follow- hard labor on chargesof high treason. Five others ing new Cabinet appointments: receivedsentences ranging from a 5 year suspended MansourMualla: Planning sentence to 10 years imprisonment. BakkarTouzani: State for the Economy May 27: France signed an agreement to supply Tahar Belhoja: State for Education,Research & ?13.8m in aid and credits. Training June 1: PresidentBourguiba returned to the country Habib Ben Shaikh: State for Posts, Telegraphs after 6 monthsabsence in Francefor health reasons. and Telephones June 5: A Congolese (Kinshasa) delegation led by Abdel Aziz Beltayif: State for Youth & Sport Minister of AgricultureJoseph Litho ended a 6 June 23: Dr. Sadoq Muqaddimwas appointed Di- day visit after agreeing on increased agricultural rector of the Socialist Destour Party. cooperation. June 30: Sweden agreed to loan $6m for industrial The US signed a $5m loan to finance imports and tourism projects. of equipment and economic projects. July 1: The IDA signed a $10.5m interest free L'Actin reported that the ENI-Tunisian joint agreement to help finance the country'sNational venture had discovered"very promising signs" of Water Supply Programfor 1968/73. a new oil field at El Couech. July 17: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported June 6: East Germany signed a cultural agreement that the recent oil discoverywas estimated to be with the country. "as importantas El-Borma." June 8: PresidentBourguiba said he had appointed July 28: The Kuwayti Fund for Arab EconomicDe- a commissionto draw up proposalsto amend the velopment (KFAED) agreed to a KDs 2.7m loan constitution to make the government directly re- to help financethe MedjerdaValley project. sponsible to the National Assembly and said the Aug. 7: Reports were published estimatingthe grain government would be "partly reshuffled"at the harvestat 8m quintals, Im more than was needed end of the week. Speakingon Ben Salah, he said to supply the country's"basic needs." "I am primarilyresponsible and I say with com- plete humility that I made a mistake in that per- son," and said "justice has been pronounced in Turkey the matter, the page is closed." (See also General, Cyprus,Iraq, UAR) CHRONOLOGY 5 15

1970 governmentin protest over the PersonnelReform Bill and was replacedby Husamettin May 27: Two Armyofficers were arrestedand charged Atabeyli. July 15: The National Assembly voted to extend with plotting to overthrowthe government,it was martial law in Istanbul and Kocaeli provinces for reported. 2 months. 31: The National Assembly passed the 1970 May July 18: Citing "securityreasons," the government budget 244 to 159. refused permission for a US expedition to 1: was held in climb June A large scale peaceful parade Mount Araratin search of Noah's ark. Ankaraby studentsand professorsprotesting recent Ciimhuriyet reported the government's rejec- searches of the universities. police tion of a USSR proposal to mediate the Middle June 2: The Ministryof Financeannounced that the East crisis. Canadian Export Development Corp. agreed to July 22: The US denied that it threatenedeconomic provide a $6m credit for the purchase of road sanctions unless opium productionwas cut back. graders. The joint Common Market-TurkeyCouncil June 8: Minister of State for Planning Refet Sezgin ended a meeting in Brusselsafter deciding on the began a 6 day offical visit to Japan. country'sentry into the transitionalperiod toward June 12: Turkish leaderRauf Denktashended Cypriot becoming a full Communitymember. a 2 for talks with Prime MinisterDemirel day visit July 25: The Mineral Researchand ExplorationIn- on the inter-Cypriottalks. stitute reporteddiscovery of rich oil deposits near June 13: "White House" approval "this week" was Tiiz Golii. reported for a $40m development loan through July 27: Hasan Dincer was appointed Minister of AID for purchasesof commoditiesand equipment State. for development projects. Prime Minister Demirel and Foreign Minister June 16: Martiallaw, effectivethrough July 16, was Caglayangilbegan a visit to Afghanistan. proclaimedin Istanbuland Kocaeli provincesafter Aug. 9: The lira was devalued from 9Ts to 15TL day long rioting by students and workers over equal to $1. proposed amendmentsto the trade union law in- cluding the raising to 65% the share of the labor force entitled to collective bargaining rights and the requirement that, to form confederations, United Arab Republic unions would have as members a third of the workersin a partcular field. At least 3 were killed (See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General, Cyprus, and dozens injured in the rioting. Jordan,Libya) June 17: The National Assemblyapproved the martial law declaration. 1970 June 20: The Army eased curfew hours in Istanbul, May 20: Libya agreed to establish a committee for with curfew beginning 3 hours later at 12 pm and coordinationof technical assistanceto industry. ending an hour earlierat 4 am. May 22: LebaneseCommander in Chief Jean Nujaym a June 25: Justice Party member Saadettin said began 3 day officialvisit. Bilgiq May 24: Italian that Prime MinisterDemirel "is destinedto leave" Foreign Minister Aldo Moro ended a his office and that he "will either resign or Parlia- 3 day visit and said his governmentwas ready 'to ment will force him to go." participatein industrialand economic projects. May 25: The Bilgis and 25 other Partymembers were expelled WashingtonPost reportedthat several from the Party. Egyptian Communistswere arrested in the wake of the May 12 arrest of Lautfi al-Khuli and the June 30: The governmentreduced from 9 to 7 the arrestMay 13 of al-Mahalanyand others, number of provinceswhere the cultivationof the primarily employees of al-Ahrir; and al-Akhb&. opium poppy is legal. Turkish Minister of CommerceGurhan Titrek July 1: Martial law in Istanbul was ended and the ended a 2 week visit after signing a trade agree- curfew and ban on public gatheringslifted. ment under which Turkey will buy 10,000 tons July 2: Switzerlandagreed to loan ?1.1m in economic of rice and the UAR will buy pharmaceutical aid. products,tea and tobacco. July 10: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported East Germany signed a 5 year agreement on a statement by Minister of Agriculture Ilhami scientific and technical cooperation. Ertem saying the country was experiencing the May 30: Al-Ahrdmreported that constructionon the worst drought in 60 years. projected Suez-Mediterraneanpipeline will begin Saudi Minister of State for Foreign Affairs within the next 3 months. 'Umaral-Saqqaf ended a week's visit for talks with June 1: Ministerof War MuhammadFawzi said that Prime Minister Demirel and Foreign Minister troops along the Canal had been "reducedto a C:aglayangil. minimum" to protect them from Israeli attacks July 13: Minister of State Refet Sezgin resigned the while they train for the "war of liberation." 516 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

June 4: Jordanian Prime Minister Bahjat Talhilni Aag. 2: MENA reportedPresident Nisir's criticism ended a 3 day visit. of Iraq for its opposition to the US peace plan in June 7: Ethiopian EmperorHaila Silassa ended a 2 a letter to Iraqi PresidentBakr urging Iraq to shift day visit after talks with President Nasir. from street demonstrationsto warfare with the June 8: Minister of the Treasury'Abd al-Hijazi out- Israelis. lined the 1970/71 budget, balancedat LE 3,713m Aug. 12: Minister of National GuidanceHaykal an- without new taxes and foreign loans. Out of the nounced suspensionof all but military censorship budget, an increase over 1969/70 of ;LE 123m, in the second week of September. LE 563.6m was allottedfor "armedforces, national security and emergencies"and LE 300m for in- vestment expenditures. June 10: The Moscow EconomicheskayaGazeta re- Yemen ported that Egyptian-Russiantrade grew last year (See also Saudi Arabia) by 26.5%, reaching about $467m. Juvne11: The World Food Programme agreed to supply food worth about $20m over 4 years to May 19: Le Monde reported that 6 people were workersand their dependentsworking on an open killed in demonstrationsin Hudaydah,beginning drainage system in the Upper Nile. May 12, and that a curfew was imposed on the June 16: Syrian Foreign Minister Mustafa Sayyid town May 14. ended a 4 day visit for talks on "the currentArab May 19: The Beirut a4-Nahdfreported that a final situationin generaland the recentevents in Jordan settlementbetween the Republicansand the Royal- in particular." ists had been reached and that several prominent June 22: LebaneseMinister of Interior Kamil Jun- Royalists would be returningto take up posts in blat ended a 5 day visit. the government. June 26: The London Financial Times reportedthe May 22: The countrybecame a memberof the IMF, appointment of 'Ali $abri as Special Adviser to the IBRD, the IFC and the IDA. PresidentNasir on the Air Force. May 23: Al-Nahdrreported that, under the Royalist- June 30: Industry, Oil & Minerals Minister Aziz Republican settlement, Royalists would have 1 Sidqi arrived in Moscow for talks on industrial representativeon the RepublicanCouncil, 4 Cabi- cooperation and for opening the first Egyptian net posts and 12 seats on the National Assembly. industrial exhibition in the country. No formal agreementwould be signed, with the July 14: Editor of al-AhroimHaykal wrote that a return of Royalist leaders enough to demonstrate special Egyptian missile corps was operating the the reconciliation. successfulSoviet made anti-aircraftmissiles. Thirty Royalist leaders, headed by former For- July 17: President Nisir ended an 18 day visit to eign MinisterAhmad al-Shami,returned to San't'. the USSR, accompaniedby 'All $abri, Minister of San'd' Radio reportedthat Ahmad Muhammad War MuhammadFawzi, Foreign Minister Riyad Nu'mnin and Ahmad al-ShIamiwere appointed and Minister of National Guidance Haykal for membersof the RepublicanCouncil, and the fol- medical treatmentand talks with governmentlead- lowing ministerial appointmentswere made: ers. A joint communiquewas issued calling for Ahmad al-Dawahi: State a political settlement of the Palestine problem, a Yahyi 'Abdallah al-Dahwni: Waqfs withdrawal of Israeli troops from the occupied Husayn Ibn 'All Hartaq: Justice territoriesand a solution to the Palestinianrefugee 'Abdallahal-'Amri: State problem. $ilih al-Ashwad:State July 18: Al-Ahnim reported industrial production 'All al-Samman:State totalled LE 1,422m for the fiscal year, an increase May 27: MENA quoted reportsthat Royalistproperty of LE 99m over 1969. confiscatedduring the civil war had been restored July 21: Ceremoniesmarked the "essentialcomple- to its former owners. tion" of the Aswan Dam with the turning on of June 1: The Republican Council appointed 6 new the 12th and final generator. members to the National Assembly, raising the July 26: The ASU endorsed President Nasir's ac- number to 63. ceptanceof the US peace proposal. June 7: San'i Radio reportedthat Yahya Jaghman FormerCommander of the EgyptianNavy Sulay- had been appointedDeputy Premierfor Economic man 'Izzatdied at the age of 60. Affairs. Jaly 29: The Arab World reportedthat the govern- June 21: San's Radio reporteda shipment of food ment dosed the 2 commandoradio stations "Voice from Saudi Arabia to tide the country over a of al-'Asifah"and "Voice of Palestine." severe famine. An officialof the PLO CentralCommittee Faruiq July 4: The Republican Council reelected 'Abd al- Qadumiarrived in Cairofor talks with government Rahmin al-Iryini as President for an 8 month officials on the US cease-fireproposal. term. CHRONOLOGY 517

]Jly 15: The UN Economic and Social Council Republican government. adopted a resolution urging member governments July 29: Britain recognized the Republican gov- and non-governmentalorganizations "to render ernment. every assistance possible to the people of the Aug. 9: A decree was issued appointing Ahmad al- Yemen Arab Republic to relieve them from the Rahumi Adviser to the Prime Minister, 'Abdallah present famine situation." al-Dabi as InteriorMinister and MuhammadSlih July 24: France announced its recognition of the al-Kuhali as Deputy Interior Minister.

Studies available from the Middle East Institute InformationService

The Soviet Union and the Middle East. A Summary Record of the 1969 Middle East Institute Conference. Prepared by the Staff of the Middle East Institute. 50 pages, paper, $1.00

Middle East Area Study Programs at American Universities and Colleges, 1970. Prepared by Dr. Harry N. Howard. 70 pages, paper, $1.00

The Middle East: A Selected Bibliography of Recent Works, 1960-1969. Prepared by Dr. Harry N. Howard. 52 pages, paper, $1.00

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