Environmental Structure of the Population in Ajloun Governorate in Jordan, Year 2012
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Down and Out: Founding Elections and Disillusionment with Democracy in Egypt and Tunisia
Down and Out: Founding Elections and Disillusionment with Democracy in Egypt and Tunisia Sharan Grewal and Steve L. Monroe Forthcoming, Comparative Politics Which electoral losers become the most disillusioned with democracy following the first free and fair elections? Exploiting surveys before and after founding elections in post-Arab Spring Egypt and Tunisia, we find that the most disillusioned losers were those residing in areas where the losing parties were strongest. We argue that expectations matter. Losers whose parties are strong locally tend to overestimate their popularity nationally and thus become more disillusioned after the first elections. Beyond these attitudinal results, we find that these areas witnessed a greater increase in support for candidates from former autocratic regimes in subsequent elections. These findings clarify subnational variation in electoral losers’ attitudes towards democracy. They suggest that decentralization may keep otherwise disillusioned losers invested in democracy. 1 “She was in a state of shock and confusion. [...] It was one thing for the [Muslim] Brotherhood to win close to 40 percent, but how could 28 percent of her countrymen vote for ultraconservative Salafi parties? [...] She mourned not only for what she feared Egypt might become, but for a country that she could no longer recognize, a country that was no longer really hers. It raised the question: was [democracy] worth it? For liberals like [her], it apparently wasn’t.”1 How citizens respond to electoral loss is critical to the success of democratic transitions.2 Supporters of losing parties in founding elections must opt to remain within the democratic system for a nascent democracy to take root. -
Basrah Governorate Profile
Basrah Governorate Profile Source map: JAPU Basrah at a Glance Fast Facts Area: 19,070 km2 Capital City: Basrah Average High Temperatures: 17,7°C Average Low Temperatures: 6,8°C (January) to 41,8°C (August) (January) to 27,4°C (July) Population: 2,403,301 Population Distribution Rural-Urban: 20,1%-79,9% Updated December 2015 Geography and Climate Basrah is the most southern governorate of Iraq and borders Iran, Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia. In the south, the governorate is made up of a vast desert plain, intersected by the Shatt Al-Arab waterway which is formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers at Al-Qurnah and empties into the Persian Gulf. Around Al-Qurnah and Al-Medina a number of lakes can be found, while marshland stretches from the north of the governorate into the neighboring governorates of Thi-Qar and Missan. The governorate is Iraq’s only access to the sea. Similar to the surrounding region, the governorate of Basrah has a hot and arid climate. The temperatures in summer are among the highest recorded in the world. Due to the vicinity of the Persian Gulf, humidity and rainfall are however relatively high. The governorate receives an average amount of 152mm of rainfall a year between the months of October and May. Population and Administrative Division The governorate of Basrah is subdivided into seven districts: Abu Al-Khaseeb, Al-Midaina, Al-Qurna, Al- Zubair, Basrah, Fao, and Shatt Al-Arab. The city of Basrah, the governorate’s capital, is Iraq’s third largest urban center. -
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Profile November 2010
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Profile November 2010 Overview Located in the north east of Iraq on the border with Iran, Sulaymaniyah combines with Erbil and Dahuk governorates to form the area administrated by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Sulaymaniyah contains the third largest share of the population, which is one of the most urbanized in Iraq. The landscape becomes increasingly mountainous towards the eastern border with Iran. Unemployment is relatively low in the governorate at 12%. However, the relatively high unemployment (27%) among women, the low proportion of women employed in wage jobs outside agriculture, allied to the relatively low percentage of jobs for women in the public sector implies that women face barriers to employment in non-agricultural sectors. Sulaymaniyah’s economy has potential advantages due to the governorate’s plentiful natural water supplies, favourable climate and peaceful security situation. Commercial flights have been operational between Sulaymaniyah and cities in the Middle East and Europe since 2005. However, poor infrastructure and bureaucratic barriers to private sector investment are hindering development. Few of Sulaymaniyah’s residents (3%) are among Iraq’s poorest, but the governorate performs badly according to many other developmental and humanitarian indicators. Education levels are generally below average: illiteracy rates among women are approaching 50% in all districts apart from Sulaymaniyah and Halabja, and are above 25% for men in Penjwin, Pshdar, Kifri and Chamchamal. 14% of Kifri and Demographics Chamchamal’s residents suffer from a chronic diseases. There are also . widespread infrastructural problems, with all districts suffering from Governorate Capital: Sulaymaniyah prolonged power cuts, and Penjwin, Said Sadik, Kardagh and Area: 17,023 sq km (3.9% of Iraq) Sharbazher experiencing poor access to the water network. -
South Sinai Governorate
Contents Topic Page No. Chapter 1: Preface Industrial Development in South Sinai Governorate 1 Total number of Industrial Establishments in South Sinai 2-3 Governorate distributed according to the Activity in Each City Financial and Economic indicators of the industrial activity in 4 South Sinai Governorate Chapter 2 - Abstract 5 - Information about South Sinai Governorate - Location – Area - Administrative Divisions 6 - 15 - Education 15 - Population 16 - Health 17 Chapter 3 Primary, Natural Materials and Infrastructure First: Agriculture wealth 18 Third: Animal Wealth 19 Second: Mineral wealth 20-21 Fourth: Infrastructure 21 Chapter 4 - Factors of Investment 22 - Incentives for attracting investment in South Sinai Governorate 23 - 24 References 25 Chapter 1 South Sinai Governorate Preface In the framework of the direction of the state to establish industrial zones in different governorates to achieve industrial development in the Arab Republic of Egypt, the state began to develop the governorates bordering the gulfs of Suez and aqaba, of which the investment in promising governorates such as South Sinai Governorate, on which the new industrial areas was established because of the natural resources which the governorate has (such as White Sand - Kaolin - Coal - Manganese - Copper - Sodium Chloride). The Governorate contributes in industrial activity through many Ferro Manganese - Gypsum - Ceramics and Chinese - plastic and paper industries. The number of existing facilities recorded In IDA reached 9 facilities with investment costs about 5.4 billion pounds and employs about 4604 workers with wages of about 99 million pounds divided on all activities, mainly activities of oil, its refined products and natural gas, followed by mining and quarrying, building materials, Chinese porcelain and refractories. -
The Project for the Study on Water Sector for the Host Communities of Syrian Refugees in Northern Governorates in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION (MWI) WATER AUTHORITY OF JORDAN (WAJ) YARMOUK WATER COMPANY (YWC) THE PROJECT FOR THE STUDY ON WATER SECTOR FOR THE HOST COMMUNITIES OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN NORTHERN GOVERNORATES IN THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN MASTER PLAN SEWERAGE FINAL REPORT JANUARY 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY TEC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. GE YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. JR NIHON SUIDO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. 15-006 THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION (MWI) WATER AUTHORITY OF JORDAN (WAJ) YARMOUK WATER COMPANY (YWC) THE PROJECT FOR THE STUDY ON WATER SECTOR FOR THE HOST COMMUNITIES OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN NORTHERN GOVERNORATES IN THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN MASTER PLAN SEWERAGE FINAL REPORT JANUARY 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY TEC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. NIHON SUIDO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. Currency Exchange Rates (JICA, September, 2014) 1 JD = 147.004 JPY = 1.4166 US$ 1 US$ = 103.77 JPY 1 US$ =0.7059 JD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Since the armed conflict in Syria in 2011 the influx of Syrian refugees has brought about large stress on the wastewater management facilities which cause overflows of wastewater and ceptage and insufficient wastewater treatment in the northern governorates in Jordan. In order to improve the sewerage service in northern governorates, the study has been initiated. 2. The Study is undertaken to formulate a master plan for sewerage system in order to identify the required improvements for the sewerage services in the Study area (Irbid, Ramtha, and Mafraq, refer to Figure 1.2 and 1.3 for locations), where the Syrian refugees are largely settled in the largest urban areas in the northern governorates. -
By Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FROM DIWAN TO PALACE: JORDANIAN TRIBAL POLITICS AND ELECTIONS by LAURA C. WEIR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Pete Moore Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Laura Weir candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. Pete Moore, Ph.D (chair of the committee) Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. Kelly McMann, Ph.D. Neda Zawahri, Ph.D. (date) October 19, 2012 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Maps and Illustrations viii List of Abbreviations x CHAPTERS 1. RESEARCH PUZZLE AND QUESTIONS Introduction 1 Literature Review 6 Tribal Politics and Elections 11 Case Study 21 Potential Challenges of the Study 30 Conclusion 35 2. THE HISTORY OF THE JORDANIAN ―STATE IN SOCIETY‖ Introduction 38 The First Wave: Early Development, pre-1921 40 The Second Wave: The Arab Revolt and the British, 1921-1946 46 The Third Wave: Ideological and Regional Threats, 1946-1967 56 The Fourth Wave: The 1967 War and Black September, 1967-1970 61 Conclusion 66 3. SCARCE RESOURCES: THE STATE, TRIBAL POLITICS, AND OPPOSITION GROUPS Introduction 68 How Tribal Politics Work 71 State Institutions 81 iii Good Governance Challenges 92 Guests in Our Country: The Palestinian Jordanians 101 4. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: FAILURE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE RISE OF TRIBAL POLITICS Introduction 118 Political Threats and Opportunities, 1921-1970 125 The Political Significance of Black September 139 Tribes and Parties, 1989-2007 141 The Muslim Brotherhood 146 Conclusion 152 5. -
List of Capital Projects for the Years 2019 - 2021 ( in Jds ) Chapter Estimated Indicative Indicative Status NO
List of Capital Projects for the Years 2019 - 2021 ( In JDs ) Chapter Estimated Indicative Indicative Status NO. Project 2019 2020 2021 0301 Prime Ministry 13,625,000 9,875,000 8,870,000 1 Supporting Radio and Television Corporation Projects Continuous 8,515,000 7,650,000 7,250,000 2 Support the Royal Film Commission projects Continuous 3,500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 3 Media and Communication Continuous 300,000 300,000 300,000 4 Developing model service centers (middle/nourth/south) New 205,000 90,000 70,000 5 Develop service centers affiliated with the government departments as per New 475,000 415,000 50,000 priorities 6 Implementing service recipients satisfaction surveys (mystery shopper) New 200,000 200,000 100,000 7 Training and enabling front offices personnel New 20,000 40,000 20,000 8 Maintaining, sustaining and developing New 100,000 80,000 40,000 9 Enhancing governance practice in the publuc sector New 10,000 20,000 10,000 10 Optimizing the government structure and optimal benefiting of human New 300,000 70,000 20,000 resources 11 Institutionalization of optimal organization and impact measurement in the New 0 10,000 10,000 public sector 0601 Civil Service Bureau 485,000 445,000 395,000 12 Completing the Human Resources Administration Information System Committed 275,000 275,000 250,000 Project/ Stage 2 13 Ideal Employee Award Continuous 15,000 15,000 15,000 14 Automation and E-services Committed 160,000 125,000 100,000 15 Building a system for receiving job applications for higher category and Continuous 15,000 10,000 10,000 administrative jobs. -
JORDAN TRAIL THRU-HIKE 2019 an EVER-CHANGING STORY #Thrujt
JORDAN TRAIL THRU-HIKE 2019 AN EVER-CHANGING STORY #ThruJT Special Edition South to North Organized by: www.jordantrail.org The Jordan Trail unveils Jordan’s beauty and its varying manifestations along the eastern rim of Jordan’s Rift Valley. A transition between the Fertile Crescent in the north to the edge of the Arabian Desert and the Red Sea in the south makes for an ever-changing experience, showcasing Jordan at its most authentic. Join us on a mesmerizing journey and wander through the country’s hidden treasures, explore the heights and depths of its wonder, and delve into its rich history and heritage. A good hiker is always prepared. If you see these boots, stay calm; they’re there to tell you how difficult a section is. MODERATE DIFFICULT CHALLENGING BOOK NOW! Days: 5 hiking days and 5 nights Length: 77 km Main sites in the region: ▷ Wadi Rum (World Heritage site) ▷ Lawrence’s Spring (Ain Shellaleh) and the Nabataean Temple ▷ Wadi Rum Bedouin village ▷ Dramatic desert scenery – sandstone domes and granite and basalt ▷ Bedouin encampments striated mountains, changing color constantly throughout the day ▷ Village of Titen ▷ Aqaba (Red Sea) DAY 1: RED SEA TO WADI SHREIH DAY 2: WADI SHREIH TO TITEN DAY 3: TITEN TO AL-QIDR Date: Friday, March 1 Date: Saturday, March 2 Date: Sunday, March 3 Distance: 14 km Distance: 17 km Distance: 15 km Overnight: Wild Camp Overnight: Wild Camp Overnight: Wild Camp Difficulty level: Difficulty level: Difficulty level: DAY 4: AL-QIDR TO RUM VILLAGE DAY 5: RUM VILLAGE TO Date: Monday, March 4 SHAKRIYA Distance: 14 km Date: Tuesday, March 5 REGION 8: RED SEA TO WADI RUM Overnight: Wild Camp Distance: 17 km Leaving the warm waters of the Red Sea and the port of Aqaba weaves between the unique and colorful backdrops of Wadi Rum’s Difficulty level: Overnight: Wild Camp 1500 behind, you reach the first pass and the last view of the Red Sea sandstone desert mountains. -
Jordan Morsels June 2016 Jordan
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 6/8/2016 GAIN Report Number: JO16004 Jordan Post: Amman Jordan Morsels June 2016 Report Categories: Agriculture in the News Approved By: Orestes Vasquez Prepared By: Mohamed Khraishy Report Highlights: News bits covering Jordan’s key agricultural developments in the month of June. General Information: 75,000 Visitors Attend Jordan Food Exhibition 2016 Jordan Food Exhibition 2016, which concluded on Sunday June, 5, received over 75,000 visitors. The five-day exhibition, which featured products by 150 factories, wholesalers and retailers, received positive feedback from visitors due to its organization and the caliber of the participating companies. The exhibition was held in Amman at Hussein Youth City, with over 4,000 square meters showcasing what the local food market has to offer. American products dominated many of the exhibits, showcasing a range of products that included rice, poultry cuts, nuts, cheese, and snacks. It was noticeable the strong presence of leading U.S. brands vying for market share in Jordan’s highly competitive environment, especially those of processed foods, cheese, and rice. Fruit and Vegetable Farmers’ Plight Continues Despite a pick-up in demand of fruit and vegetables (F&V) due to high demand during the holy month of Ramadan, prices continue to remain low as farmers are unable to shrug off excess supply due to the border closings in the neighboring countries, as war continues to wreak havoc. The Chairman of Jordan Valley Farmers Association has called for farmers to abstain producing F&V after an annus horribilis that left them with nothing but debts, and minimal government support. -
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Jordan - Ajloun Governorate For humanitarian relief purpose only Draft/work in progress Percentage of Syrian Households in Jordan Hosting a UASC / CHH (based on declaration of household member) by Basic Service Unit (BSU) Production date: 31/07/2013 Tabaqat Fahl Samad Mashari'e Bait Ibrahimia Z'atara Iedes Sarras Ketem Dair Kherbet El-Barak Kofor El-Hawi Zoobya Awan Rhaba Al Rahmah Shatana Kofor Abiel Jdaitta Asiem Sena'ar Rasoon Bier Rahwah Erjan Eddalyeh Merjam Halawah Oasarah Ba'oon Karkamah Ras Samta Moneef Um El-Yanabie Sakhrah Sbiereh HashemiYyeh Mehnah Khelet Wardeh Tayyarah Ebbien Abu Shtafaina Ezzaitoon Kofor Dair Kofor Khall Smadiyyeh Eddorrah Shamali Ebellien Dair Smadiyyeh Sowwan Janoobi Khelet Ain Slaikhat Janna kerbet Salem Ajloun El-wahadneh Al Za'tarah Lusteb Asfoor Meqebleh Soof Mukhayyam Anjarah Soof Kofranjah Dair Um El-Khashab Elliyyat Zaqreet Krayymeh Hanash Sarabees Sakeb Raimoon Jarash Berkeh Ketteh Oqdeh Nahleh Harth Um Erramel Mokhayyam Ballas Ghazzeh Sofsafah Haddadeh Noabah Safienh Ejjbarat Ka'eb Al Hasainiyyat Dibbeen Malool Kerbet Jamlah Zarra'ah Sakhneh Essooq Shkarah Balouneh Fakhreh Rashaydeh Rajeb Thagret Gabal Najdeh Zebaid Aghdar Jazzazeh Amameh Keshiebeh Majdal Dherar El-Foqa' Borma Mashtal Al Hounah Hamta Khazma Faisal Khshaibeh Fawara Sharqeiah Alaymoon Rwaihah Dair Debab Abu Alla Ezzighan Mastabah Jebbeh Copyright:© 2013 Esri Turkey Acronyms: Iran UASC/CHH % per BSU Governorates 0 1 2 4 UASC - Unaccompanied Separate Child km CHH - Child Headed Households Syria No Syrians/Not Specified Rest of Jordan The information presented cannot be guaranteed Iraq as an exhaustive picture of the situation as it is not Assessed Govenorates Jordan < 1% based on a census of the refugee population. -
Thematic Assessment Report Livelihoods,Employment
LIVELIHOODS, EMPLOYMENT AND TENSIONS IN JORDANIAN COMMUNITIES HOSTING SYRIAN REFUGEES THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT JUNE 2014 Livelihoods, Employment and Tensions in Jordanian Communities Hosting Syrian Refugees - June 2014 SUMMARY With the protracted Syrian crisis extending into its fourth year, the conflict continues to force millions of Syrians to seek refuge in the neighbouring countries of Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon and Turkey. These host countries are bearing the brunt of the crisis, which represents the largest refugee exodus in recent history with a total of 2,863,595 registered refugees now living outside of Syria.1 Since 2011, approximately 600,000 Syrians have crossed the border into Jordan, putting immense strain on already scarce resources, and intensifying competition for basic services. The vast majority of these refugees do not reside in camps, but are hosted by Jordanian communities,2 where limited opportunities, a lack of resources and inadequate living space present a challenge to social cohesion and community resilience. In Jordan, few comprehensive studies have been conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the key drivers of host community tensions. To address this information gap, this multi-sectoral REACH assessment aimed at identifying where tensions have emerged across northern Jordan as a result of the Syrian refugee crisis, and how they could be mitigated through social cohesion and resilience programming. In the shift from humanitarian relief to long-term development, the assessment aims to promote and inform the mainstreaming of a ‘Do No Harm’ approach in the response provided to conflict-affected populations residing in Jordanian host communities. Sectors assessed included: education, external support, healthcare, livelihoods, municipal services, shelter and water. -
Jordan Middle East DISCUSSION PAPER and North Africa Transition Fund September 2017 Middle East and North Africa Transition Fund
Towards a new partnership between government and youth in Jordan Middle East DISCUSSION PAPER and North Africa Transition Fund September 2017 Middle East and North Africa Transition Fund ABOUT THE OECD MENA TRANSITION FUND OF THE DEAUVILLE PARTNERSHIP The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international body that promotes In May 2011, the Deauville Partnership was launched as a policies to improve the economic and social well-being long-term global initiative that provides Arab countries in of people around the world. It is made up of 35 member transition with a framework based on technical support countries, a secretariat in Paris, and a committee, drawn to strengthen governance for transparent, accountable from experts from government and other fields, for each governments and to provide an economic framework for work area covered by the organisation. The OECD provides sustainable and inclusive growth. a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems. We The Deauville Partnership has committed to support collaborate with governments to understand what drives Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Yemen and the economic, social and environmental change. We measure Transition Fund is one of the levers to implement this productivity and global flows of trade and investment. commitment. The Transition Fund demonstrates a joint commitment by G7 members, Gulf and regional partners, For more information, please visit www.oecd.org. and international and regional financial institutions to support the efforts of the people and governments of the Partnership countries as they overhaul their economic systems to promote more accountable governance, broad- based, sustainable growth, and greater employment opportunities for youth and women.