Basrah Governorate Profile
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Down and Out: Founding Elections and Disillusionment with Democracy in Egypt and Tunisia
Down and Out: Founding Elections and Disillusionment with Democracy in Egypt and Tunisia Sharan Grewal and Steve L. Monroe Forthcoming, Comparative Politics Which electoral losers become the most disillusioned with democracy following the first free and fair elections? Exploiting surveys before and after founding elections in post-Arab Spring Egypt and Tunisia, we find that the most disillusioned losers were those residing in areas where the losing parties were strongest. We argue that expectations matter. Losers whose parties are strong locally tend to overestimate their popularity nationally and thus become more disillusioned after the first elections. Beyond these attitudinal results, we find that these areas witnessed a greater increase in support for candidates from former autocratic regimes in subsequent elections. These findings clarify subnational variation in electoral losers’ attitudes towards democracy. They suggest that decentralization may keep otherwise disillusioned losers invested in democracy. 1 “She was in a state of shock and confusion. [...] It was one thing for the [Muslim] Brotherhood to win close to 40 percent, but how could 28 percent of her countrymen vote for ultraconservative Salafi parties? [...] She mourned not only for what she feared Egypt might become, but for a country that she could no longer recognize, a country that was no longer really hers. It raised the question: was [democracy] worth it? For liberals like [her], it apparently wasn’t.”1 How citizens respond to electoral loss is critical to the success of democratic transitions.2 Supporters of losing parties in founding elections must opt to remain within the democratic system for a nascent democracy to take root. -
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Profile November 2010
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Profile November 2010 Overview Located in the north east of Iraq on the border with Iran, Sulaymaniyah combines with Erbil and Dahuk governorates to form the area administrated by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Sulaymaniyah contains the third largest share of the population, which is one of the most urbanized in Iraq. The landscape becomes increasingly mountainous towards the eastern border with Iran. Unemployment is relatively low in the governorate at 12%. However, the relatively high unemployment (27%) among women, the low proportion of women employed in wage jobs outside agriculture, allied to the relatively low percentage of jobs for women in the public sector implies that women face barriers to employment in non-agricultural sectors. Sulaymaniyah’s economy has potential advantages due to the governorate’s plentiful natural water supplies, favourable climate and peaceful security situation. Commercial flights have been operational between Sulaymaniyah and cities in the Middle East and Europe since 2005. However, poor infrastructure and bureaucratic barriers to private sector investment are hindering development. Few of Sulaymaniyah’s residents (3%) are among Iraq’s poorest, but the governorate performs badly according to many other developmental and humanitarian indicators. Education levels are generally below average: illiteracy rates among women are approaching 50% in all districts apart from Sulaymaniyah and Halabja, and are above 25% for men in Penjwin, Pshdar, Kifri and Chamchamal. 14% of Kifri and Demographics Chamchamal’s residents suffer from a chronic diseases. There are also . widespread infrastructural problems, with all districts suffering from Governorate Capital: Sulaymaniyah prolonged power cuts, and Penjwin, Said Sadik, Kardagh and Area: 17,023 sq km (3.9% of Iraq) Sharbazher experiencing poor access to the water network. -
South Sinai Governorate
Contents Topic Page No. Chapter 1: Preface Industrial Development in South Sinai Governorate 1 Total number of Industrial Establishments in South Sinai 2-3 Governorate distributed according to the Activity in Each City Financial and Economic indicators of the industrial activity in 4 South Sinai Governorate Chapter 2 - Abstract 5 - Information about South Sinai Governorate - Location – Area - Administrative Divisions 6 - 15 - Education 15 - Population 16 - Health 17 Chapter 3 Primary, Natural Materials and Infrastructure First: Agriculture wealth 18 Third: Animal Wealth 19 Second: Mineral wealth 20-21 Fourth: Infrastructure 21 Chapter 4 - Factors of Investment 22 - Incentives for attracting investment in South Sinai Governorate 23 - 24 References 25 Chapter 1 South Sinai Governorate Preface In the framework of the direction of the state to establish industrial zones in different governorates to achieve industrial development in the Arab Republic of Egypt, the state began to develop the governorates bordering the gulfs of Suez and aqaba, of which the investment in promising governorates such as South Sinai Governorate, on which the new industrial areas was established because of the natural resources which the governorate has (such as White Sand - Kaolin - Coal - Manganese - Copper - Sodium Chloride). The Governorate contributes in industrial activity through many Ferro Manganese - Gypsum - Ceramics and Chinese - plastic and paper industries. The number of existing facilities recorded In IDA reached 9 facilities with investment costs about 5.4 billion pounds and employs about 4604 workers with wages of about 99 million pounds divided on all activities, mainly activities of oil, its refined products and natural gas, followed by mining and quarrying, building materials, Chinese porcelain and refractories. -
2021 VNR Report [English]
The Republic of Iraq Ministry of Planning National Committee for Sustainable Development The Second National Voluntary Review Report on the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals 2021 Iraq .. And the Path Back to the Development July 2021 Voluntary National Review Report Writing Team Dr. Mahar Hammad Johan, Deputy Minister of Planning, Head of the Report Preparation Team Writing Expert Team Prof. Dr. Hasan Latif Al-Zubaidi / Expert / University of Kufa / College of Administration and Economics Prof. Dr. Wafa Jaafar Al-Mihdawi / Expert / Mustansiriyah University / College of Administration and Economics Prof. Dr. Adnan Yasin Mustafa / Expert / University of Baghdad / College of Education for Girls Supporting International organizations United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) – Iraq United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) Technical Team Dr. Azhar Hussein Saleh / Administrative Deputy of Minister of Planning Dr. Dia Awwad Kazem / Head of the Central Statistics Organization Mr. Maher Abdul-Hussein Hadi / Director General of the National Center for Administrative Development and Information Technology Dr. Mohamed Mohsen El-Sayed / Director General of the Department of Regional and Local Development Dr. Alaa El-Din Jaafar Mohamed / Director General of the Department of Financial and Economic Policies Dr. Maha Abdul Karim Hammoud / Director General of the Department of Human Development Ms. Naglaa Ali Murad / Director of the Social Fund for Development Mr. Abdel-Zahra Mohamed Waheed / Director of the Department of Information and Government Communications Dr. Amera Muhammad Hussain / Umm Al-Yateem Foundation for Development Mrs. Ban Ali Abboud / Expert / Department of Regional and Local Development Ms. Mona Adel Mahdi / Senior Engineer / Department of Regional and Local Development Supporting Team Mr. -
Federal Research Division Country Profile: Tajikistan, January 2007
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Tajikistan, January 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: TAJIKISTAN January 2007 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Tajikistan (Jumhurii Tojikiston). Short Form: Tajikistan. Term for Citizen(s): Tajikistani(s). Capital: Dushanbe. Other Major Cities: Istravshan, Khujand, Kulob, and Qurghonteppa. Independence: The official date of independence is September 9, 1991, the date on which Tajikistan withdrew from the Soviet Union. Public Holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), International Women’s Day (March 8), Navruz (Persian New Year, March 20, 21, or 22), International Labor Day (May 1), Victory Day (May 9), Independence Day (September 9), Constitution Day (November 6), and National Reconciliation Day (November 9). Flag: The flag features three horizontal stripes: a wide middle white stripe with narrower red (top) and green stripes. Centered in the white stripe is a golden crown topped by seven gold, five-pointed stars. The red is taken from the flag of the Soviet Union; the green represents agriculture and the white, cotton. The crown and stars represent the Click to Enlarge Image country’s sovereignty and the friendship of nationalities. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early History: Iranian peoples such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians are the ethnic forbears of the modern Tajiks. They have inhabited parts of Central Asia for at least 2,500 years, assimilating with Turkic and Mongol groups. Between the sixth and fourth centuries B.C., present-day Tajikistan was part of the Persian Achaemenian Empire, which was conquered by Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C. After that conquest, Tajikistan was part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state to Alexander’s empire. -
The Holy See (Including Vatican City State)
COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE EVALUATION OF ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING MEASURES AND THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM (MONEYVAL) MONEYVAL(2012)17 Mutual Evaluation Report Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism THE HOLY SEE (INCLUDING VATICAN CITY STATE) 4 July 2012 The Holy See (including Vatican City State) is evaluated by MONEYVAL pursuant to Resolution CM/Res(2011)5 of the Committee of Ministers of 6 April 2011. This evaluation was conducted by MONEYVAL and the report was adopted as a third round mutual evaluation report at its 39 th Plenary (Strasbourg, 2-6 July 2012). © [2012] Committee of experts on the evaluation of anti-money laundering measures and the financing of terrorism (MONEYVAL). All rights reserved. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. For any use for commercial purposes, no part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission in writing from the MONEYVAL Secretariat, Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law, Council of Europe (F-67075 Strasbourg or [email protected] ). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PREFACE AND SCOPE OF EVALUATION............................................................................................ 5 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................... -
A Tale of Two Cities the Use of Explosive Weapons in Basra and Fallujah, Iraq, 2003-4 Report by Jenna Corderoy and Robert Perkins
December 2014 A TALE OF TWO CITIES The use of explosive weapons in Basra and Fallujah, Iraq, 2003-4 Report by Jenna Corderoy and Robert Perkins Editor Iain Overton With thanks to Henry Dodd, Jane Hunter, Steve Smith and Iraq Body Count Copyright © Action on Armed Violence (December 2014) Cover Illustration A US Marine Corps M1A1 Abrams tank fires its main gun into a building in Fallujah during Operation Al Fajr/Phantom Fury, 10 December 2004, Lance Corporal James J. Vooris (UMSC) Infographic Sarah Leo Design and Printing Matt Bellamy Clarifications or corrections from interested parties are welcome Research and publications funded by the Government of Norway, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A tale of two cities | 1 CONTENTS FOREWORD 2 IRAQ: A TIMELINE 3 INTRODUCTION: IRAQ AND EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS 4 INTERnatiONAL HumanitaRIAN LAW 6 AND RulES OF ENGAGEMENT BASRA, 2003 8 Rattling the Cage 8 Air strikes: Munition selection 11 FALLUJAH, 2004 14 Firepower for manpower 14 Counting the cost 17 THE AFTERmath AND LESSONS LEARNED 20 CONCLUSION 22 RECOMMENDatiONS 23 2 | Action on Armed Violence FOREWORD Sound military tactics employed in the pursuit of strategic objectives tend to restrict the use of explosive force in populated areas “ [... There are] ample examples from other international military operations that indicate that the excessive use of explosive force in populated areas can undermine both tactical and strategic objectives.” Bård Glad Pedersen, State Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway, 17 June 20141 The language of conflict has changed enormously. their government is not the governing authority. Today engagements are often fought and justified Three case studies in three places most heavily- through a public mandate to protect civilians. -
Call for Proposal
CALL FOR PROPOSAL Ref. No.: CFP/IRQ/2019-005 < Construction of a Potable Water Network and organization of a Garbage Collection Campaign in the informal settlement Al-Qibla in Basra City, Basra Governorate > Purpose of CFP: Improving living conditions in the targeted informal settlement through infrastructure upgrading and solid waste collection, with an emphasis on providing on-the-job training and local employment, in addition to the mobilization of community members to conduct environmental initiatives through cash for work. Submission Start Date: 24 Apr 2019 Submission Deadline Date and time: 08 May 2019, at 3 pm Key Project Information UN-Habitat Project title: Construction of a Potable Water Network and organization of a Garbage collection campaign in the informal settlement of Al-Qibla in Basra City, Basra Governorate Locations: Town/City: Al Qibla in Basra City, Basra Governorate Country: Iraq Anticipated start date: 26 May 2019 Estimated duration of project in calendar months: 33 days Maximum proposed value in US$: US$ 180,000 Lead Organizations Unit : UN-Habitat-Iraq Page 1 of 7 A. Brief Background of the Project In late 2014, UN-Habitat launched a comprehensive ‘National Informal Settlements Program’ comprising of institutional, legal, financial and technical pillars to carry out thorough diagnostic of the existing urban informal areas, and to identify appropriate technical planning solutions for their regularization and upgrading. Efforts focused on conducting an intensive review of the available financial mechanisms and the development of a Roadmap (endorsed by the Cabinet’s resolution No. 279 of 2015) that provides the strategic directions of the national programme and securing policy support within the Government of Iraq (GoI) through an appropriate institutional setup, followed by mapping and analysis of informal settlements in Iraq. -
Egypt: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation
i,_._ ' Ministry of State for the Environment Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Department of Nature Conservation National Biodiversity Unit Egypt: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation January, 1998 Egypt: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation* Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Goals and Guiding Principles Part 3: Components of the National Plan of Action Part 4: The National Programmes of Action Annex: Programmes, fact sheets Illl_llIBl_l_l_lllIM MWmIllm _ WBlllllIBlllllllIBllll_llll_lllllllllllllllllIBl_l * This document incorporates the outcome of sessions of extensive discussion held at Aswan, Qena, Sohag, Assyut, EI-Minya, Beni Suef, Faiyum, Cairo, Ain Shams, Helwan, Tanta, Zagazig, Benha, Mansoura and Damietta between March and May, 1997, and a national conference held in Cairo: 26 -27 November 1997. 3 FOREWORD Concern with, and interest in, the study of wild species of plants and animals and observing their life cycles and ecological behaviour as related to natural phenomena was part of the cultural traditions of Egypt throughout its long history. In Pharaonic Egypt certain species were sacramented (e.g. the sacred ibis, sacred scarab, etc.) or protected as public property because of their economic importance (e.g. papyrus: material for state monopolized paper industry). In recent history laws protected certain species of animals, but protection of natural habitats with their ecological attributes and assemblages of plants and animals (nature reserves) remained beyond the interest of government. The United Nations, with the assistance of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) published lists of nature reserves worldwide, and Egypt was not mentioned in these lists till the late 1970s. -
Social Development of Iraqi Governorates in Comparison
Mathematics and Statistics 5(1): 25-32, 2017 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ms.2017.050104 Social Development of Iraqi Governorates in Comparison Iftikhar I. M. Naqash University of Mustansiriya, Iraq Copyright©2017 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Inequitable distribution of investment funds on 2) [2] saw social index (SI) as “a parsimonious set of specific governorates and the autonomy of the Kurdistan Region with indices covering a broad range of social concerns.” This set own investment policy are often mentioned as the main includes statistics similar to economic statistics of the causes of the huge regional differences in social national accounts which are intended to provide a basis for development in Iraq. In this paper, the differences in social making concise, comprehensive and balanced judgments development among 18 Iraqi governorates will be analyzed about the conditions of major aspects of society as accurate by using two different methods: first, 12 indicators of measures of a good society. The concept covers education, health and economic level are given equal interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures, weights and the length of the distance between every and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. governorate and the governorate with the maximum These are used to assess the effectiveness of policy in standardized score for each -
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www.kunsttexte.de/ostblick 3/2019 - 1 Niels Gutschow 3reface Notes on tracing documents and tangible heritage testifying to the Germanization of 3olish territory It has never been a secret that I am the son of the ar- an undreamt-of scale and to join and materialize the chitect Konstanty Gutschow, who played a major role will of the S0 to Germanize occupied territories. in Nazi planning and architecture. He is usually listed @uring the war my father negotiated with the +irt- as one of the !rchitects of the "ührer $"ührerarchi- schaftsverwaltungshauptamt of the 00 regarding the te%t&' who in '()) acted as a %ind of deputy beside supply of bric%s by the Concentration Camp at Neu- *udolf Wolters, the head of the Task Force for the Re- engamme in Hamburg, his brother in fact signed the building of -ombed Cities $!rbeitsstab +iederaufbau contract to establish the bric% factory with the 00 e> bombenzerst/rter 0t1dte&. His offices were in Ham- officio as a high officer of the local government. 6y burg and at +riezen at the *iver 2der. ,here the offi- father was a staunch opponent of *obert Ley’s ces of the *eichsministerium 0peer had ta%en refuge *eichskommissarit für den 0ozialen +ohnungsbau in '()) in temporary shelter. He was certainly a Nazi, but absolutely loyal to !lbert 0peer, whom he admired. not because he joined the Nazi 3arty in 1937, similar !fter my father died in 1978, I started to study his to his colleagues *udolf Hillebrecht, Hans 0tosberg files. For my first interview I met Wolters in Coesfeld in and +ilhelm +ortmann, but because he was convin- 0eptember '(5C and in my last interview the son of ced that rendering service to the ,hird *eich needed Hubert *itter, Hans *itter, a member of my generati- a formal affirmation. -
Emergency Assessment Displacement Due to Recent Violence (Post 22 Feb 2006) Central and Southern 15 Governorates 24 Dec
EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT DISPLACEMENT DUE TO RECENT VIOLENCE (POST 22 FEB 2006) CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN 15 GOVERNORATES 24 DEC. 2006 REPORT Following are numbers of displaced as per reports received from monitoring partners since 22 February 2006 (details per governorate further below). As displacement is ongoing, please note that this information is constantly changing. No. of Individuals (family No. of number x Origin Displaced to Families 6) Sect Needs Baghdad, Basrah, Thi-Qar, Water, food, shelter, and non-food Kerbala, Missan Anbar 6,607 39,642 Sunni items Shia, and small group Shelter, employment opportunities, Baghdad, Anbar, and Diyala Babylon 3,169 19,014 of Sunni food Shia and Baghdad, Diyala, Anbar, Salah Sunni, al-Din, Kirkuk, Babylon, some Shelter, employment opportunities, Ninewa, Wassit Baghdad 6,651 39,906 Yazidi food Food, shelter, employment Baghdad, Anbar, Salah al-Din Basrah 1,439 8,634 Shia opportunities, legal assistance Baghdad, within Diyala, and Sunni and Shelter, employment opportunities, Salah Al Din Diyala 3,600 21,600 Shia food Tameem, Baghdad, Diyala, Food and non-food items, water, Salah al-Din, Anbar Kerbala 2,060 12,360 Shia shelter, employment opportunities Ninewa, Anbar, Baghdad, Salah al Din, Diyala, Wassit Missan 2,203 13,218 Shia Water,food, and non-food items Baghdad, Anbar, Kiyala, Salah al-Din, Babylon, Wassit Muthanna 950 5,700 Shia Water, shelter, food Baghdad, Anbar, Diyala, Salah al-Din, Ninewa, Babylon, Shelter, employment opportunities, Kirkuk Najaf 2,069 12,414 Shia food Christian, some Sunni Shelter,