10296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD'- HOUSE May 11, 1966 Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee. Mr. the presence among us of many men and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Speaker, I want to commend the Ameri­ women who came from the proud land of can Legion on its program "Bells of Rumania and their children and their WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 1966 America Ringing for Freedom" which is children's children in whose veins courses conducted in each department to cele­ Rumanian blood. All Americans join The House met at 12 o'clock noon. brate the date this country became an with them in celebration of the national The Chaplain, Dr. Edward G. Latch, independent nation. holiday of Rumania and in the prayers D.D., offered the following prayer: At 2 p.m., eastern daylight time, on that soon Rumania will reign again as a I am the vine, ye are the branches. July 4, 1966, the Liberty Bell will lead the free and sovereign nation. Jle that abideth in me, and I in him, the ringing of bells throughout this land to It was a hundred years yesterday that same bringeth forth much jruit.-John remind America of its freedom and lib­ Prince Charles of Hohenzollem-Sigmar­ 15: 5. erty. We will celebrate the 190th birth­ ingen was proclaimed Prince of Rumania. We thank Thee, our Father, for Thy day of the United States this July. This marked the founding of the Ru­ spirit which follows us all our days, for I would like to encourage all Ameri­ manian dynasty. In 1877 the princi­ · Thy love which will not let us go, and cans to participate in this patriotic pality severed her links with the Otto­ for the strength of Thy presence which event. man Empire and on May 10, just 15 never lets us down. Help us to open wide years after the founding of the dynasty, the door of our hearts that we may re­ COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND Charles I was crowned King of Rumania. ceive Thy spirit, welcome Thy love, For 21 years now Rumania has lived claim the strength of Thy presence and FOREIGN COMMERCE unhappily in the midnight darkness of thus be made ready for the experiences Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Soviet captivity. On this anniversary we and responsibilities of this day. unanimous consent that the Committee renew our pledge of eternal friendship. By Thy grace may we put goodness on Interstate and Foreign Commerce Mr. Speaker, we will stand by until the ·before evil, truth before falsehood, high may be permitted to sit during general light of day has returned and once again principle before low prejudice, the rights debate today. freedom rings in the proud land of of the weak before the wrongs of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Rumania. strong, and may we put Thee above all the request of the gentleman from Loui­ else, in the ·name of Jesus Christ our siana? Lord we pray. Amen. There was no objection. PARTICIPATION SALES ACT MAY ELIMINATE TAX-EXEMPT STATUS CALL OF THE HOUSE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND THE JOURNAL COLLEGE FACILITY SECURITIES The Journal of the proceedings of Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of order that a quorum is not Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I ask yesterday was read and approved. present. unanimous consent to address the House The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum for 1 minute and to revise and extend MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE is not present. my remarks. Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I move a The SPEAKER·. Is there objection A message from the Senate by Mr. call of the House. to the request of the gentleman from Arrington, one of its clerks, announced A call of the House was ordered. California? that the Senate had passed, without The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ There was no objection. amendment, a bill of the House of the lowing Members failed to answer to their Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, in my following title: names: opinion, the proposed Participation Sales H.R. 14732. An act to authorize appro­ (Roll No. 93] Act of 1966, H.R. 14544, is being rushed priations to the Atomic Energy Commission Abernethy Fogarty Morse and railroaded through the Banking and in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic Adair Fraser Morton Currency Committee, Rules Committee, Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for Ashley Frelinghuysen Moss and the Congress because it is a bad bill other purposes. Baring Griffin Murray Blatnik Hagan, Ga. Nix and cannot withstand deliberation, de­ The message also announced that the Bolton Helstoski Pickle bate, or exposure. Senate had passed, with amendments in Bradema.s Henderson Pool The bill was hastily concocted to hide Brock Hull Powell which the concurrence of the House is Burleson Hutchinson Rivers, S.C. the growing Federal deficit, the increas­ requested, a bill -of the House of the fol­ Callaway Johnson, Pa. Rodino ing national debt, and the accelerating lowing title: Carter Kee Rooney, N.Y. administration expenditures. Casey Kelly Rosenthal H.R. 11439. An act to provide for an in­ Cederberg King, Utah Rumsfeld Not only will the taxpayer pay dearly crease in the annuities payable from the Chelf Kupferman Shrive;: to permit the administration to conceal District of Columbia teachers' retirement Conyers McEwen Sullivan growing deficits, debts and spending, but and annuity fund, to revise the method of Corman McMillan Sweeney other important consequences are likely determining the cost-of-living increases in Daddario Madden Toll Diggs Mailliard Tuppe1· to follow. such annuities, and for other purposes. Dorn Martin, Ala. Utt Today, certain securities held by the Dowdy Mathias White, Idaho The message also announced that ·the Duncan, Oreg. Michel Whitten Community Facilities Administration, Senate agrees to the report of the com­ Ellsworth Monagan Williams and other Federal agencies which lend mittee of conference on the disagreeing Findley Moorhead Willis to local governments and colleges, are votes of the two Houses on the amend­ The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 362 tax exempt. This tax-exempt policy ments of the Senate to the bill

•. May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 10299 Defense had recommended a charge of Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of medical care program for civilian hos­ 25 percent for both in-hospital and out­ H.R. 14088. I consider this bill one pital care. Keep in mind that most serv­ patient care for retirees and their de­ of the most important pieces of per­ icemen would normally be eligible for this pendents. The committee changed this sonnel benefits legislation that our com­ program in any case, since military men to a uniform rate because it did not feel mittee has ever brought before the have been under social security since that the percentage charge would meet House. Because of my long association 1957. the Government's obligation to retirees with the military, I know that nothing The committee put what is, in effect, and their dependents. This change is of more vital concern to the military a savings clause in the bill to prevent adds $19.8 million to the cost of the bill man than the provision of adequate any falling off of benefits on transfer to in its first year of operation. medical care for his family. This is of the social security program. The com­ The inclusion of title 3 retirees under particular concern to the military man mittee wanted to insure that there would the bill will add $1.1 million to the cost because the nature of his deep commit­ be no sudden loss in benefits at a time of the bill in its first year of operation. ment to his career frequently requires in life when the retiree is least able to These cost figures which are found on him to be separated from his family, pay. r page 26 of the committee's report do not and this is especially true today for those The retiree and his dependents would refiect ·the savings that will accrue as a men serving in combat in Vietnam. continue to be eligible for care in mili­ result of the committee's changes re­ They must be assured that their wives tary facilities at any time during their quiring the programing of beds for re­ and children are receiving adequate care retirement years even after passing the tirees in military hospitals. The best at home. age of 65. The eommittee added lan­ estimates of the Department of Defense As the Surgeon General of the Army, guage to the bill requiring the program­ available to the committee indicated Lt. Gen. Leonard D. Heaton, made crys­ ing of beds for retirees in future mili­ the savings by programing of retiree tal clear to ow· committee, the depend­ tary hospitals. A minimum of 5 per­ beds will amount to $7.6 million by fiscal ents of men in combat frequentl:9' go cent and a maximum of 20 percent of year· 1972. These savings come about home to live with the parents of the wife new beds would be reserved for retirees because care in military hospitals· is or the parents of the serviceman. Quite under the bill. It is contemplated that markedly less costly than care in civilian often their folks live in areas where there the total would only go . as high as 20 facilities. ·, are no military medical facilities; and percent in cases where the hospital is a The members of tne Armed Services even though civilian hospitals are avail­ teaching facility. The bill provides for Committee unanimously. and enthusi­ able when hospitalization is required, the first time relief for service parents . astically endorse the Military Medical there is no provision under present law in meeting the high cost of care for se­ Benefits Act. We feel that it is an out­ for outpatient care from civilian sources. 'verely handicapped children. The Gov­ standing program of deserved care for Paradoxically, this is the care most ernment would pay 75 percent of the our military families that will bring them frequently required by the family of the cost of such care under this legislation. up to the level of care provided other combat man wherever there are young I want to particularly mention an im­ citizens in our society and that as such children. General Heaton told us of a portant feature that the committee it will make a substantial contribution case where there was no serious illness, added to the bill regarding reservists. I toward improving the morale and career but the usual childhood diseases and up­ have in mind the citizen-soldiers, who r~tention rates of our uniformed services. per respiratory infections had run up complete-20 or more years of satisfactory such doctors' bills, that the young EFFECTIVE DATE participation in Reserve activities, and mother had to take a job as a waitress who at ag~ 60 begin to draw a modest re­ ,,The bill as reported by the Committee to meet the expense. tired pay. These are the so-called title on Armed Services provides that the pro- The Dependent Medical Care Act of III retirees. The present law allows them visions of this act will become effective 1956 is one of the proud achievements to receive medical care in military fa­ on July 1, 196·7. However, subsequent to of our committee. It was landmark leg­ cilities only if they have 8 or more years the reporting of this legislation the Com- islation and at the time was one of the of active duty service. Mr. Chairman, I mittee on Armed Services acted upon a most forward-looking pieces of legisla­ looked long and hard, but I could find proposed pay increase for uniformed tion passed by the Congress. The pro­ no reason to justify this 8-year limita­ service personnel. In arriving at the gram has remained static since that tion. Just why it was enacted in the first amount of the increase in military com- time, however, while medical care pro­ place, I do not know. I suppose it was pensation that was necessary to provide grams in other segments of our society like the man who rode the horse into military personnel with an adjustment in have made great advancements. the police station; he could not remember pay generally comparable to their Fed- The present legi'slation will fill several later why he did it, but it seemed like eral civilian contemporaries, the commit- gaping holes in the fabric of military a heck of a good idea at the time. The tee included a portion of the value of medical care. With this passage, we will committee has eliminated this unrealistic these proposed medicare and related b~n- be able to proudly say, we provide our · 8-year period. This provision will add efits. Therefore, the committee directed military families, in whom we require but a modest $1.1 million to the cost of that I request the House to approve an such a total and unique obligation, a the bill in the first fiscal year. I hope, amendment to this bill which would program of medical care second to none. in some small way, this will help boost strike the present effective date indicated The bill will allow the level of care in the morale of the dedicated reservists, in the bill and substitute therefor a new the civilian hospitals to keep pace with who have beim so buffeted about by the effective date of July 1, 1966. benefit improvements in other segments :tlip-:tlop decisions of the Department of This action will thus parallel the ac- of the society by tying the maximum Defense on Reserve organization. tion previously approved ·by this body level of care to that provided Federal: Mr. Chairman, I urge all ·Members of when it acted upon the Federal civilian civilian employees. The bill will pro­ the ·House to support this legislation. I pay increase and provided that it would vide outpatient care for dependents do not know how, in good conscience, we become effective July 1, 1966. rThe De- · from civilian sources for the first time can do less for the men in uniform, who. partment of Defense has advised the with the dependent paying only 20 per­ are now bearing the brunt of mortal Committee on Armed Services that it cent of the cost. combat. · would have no objection .to this change. The bill will fill a gap and fulfill a Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield coNcLusiON promise by providing a program of full 5 minutes to the gentleman from Vir- This, in brief form, summarizes the care to the military retirees and their ginia [Mr. HARDY]. . provisions of this bill as recommended dependents. 'The bill does this by blan­ Mr. HARDY. Mr. Chairman, I rise by the Committee on Armed Services. It keting them under the Dependent Medi­ in support of H.R. 14088. The bill has has received enthusiastic support from cal Care Act. The charge for those who been well explained by Congre~sman both sides of the aisle on our committee; receive in-hospital and outpatient care HEBERT. The need for legislation such I am sure that this bipartisan support from civilian sources would be exactly as this is obvious. The legislation· is will also be re:tlected in the action taken the same as that of active duty depend- supported by the Department of Defense by this body today. ents. an~ to the. ~st of my knowledge is op­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield The bill provides that at age 65 they posed by no one. I believe a · review of myself such time as I may consume. would trahsfer to the soci·al security changes which our committee made in 10300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 11, 1966 the bill as recommended by the Depart­ outstanding piece of legislation and I dren. And it provides a solution to the ment of Defense will be helpful. hope all my colleagues will support it. problem of adequate medical care for The Department had recommended Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 retired military personnel and their fam­ that retirees and their dependents, when minutes to the gentleman from Missouri ilies. brought under the Dependent Medical [Mr. HALL]. It is to the latter provision that I Care Act, pay 25 percent of all charges. Mr. HALL. Mr. Chairman, I rise in would particularly like to speak today, The committee modified this to make support of these amendments. though I feel all sections of the bill are the charge uniform for retirees and their First, I am particularly interested in necessary and important. I am particu­ dependents with the 20 percent charged that portion which will provide better larly gratified by the retired section of for active duty dependents. The com­ out-service care to dependents of the the bill both because it meets an un­ mittee could find no justification for the active duty uniformed personnel. usually critical need and because it is a higher charge to retirees. This change There have been many occasions aris­ problem to which I have given special adds an estimated $20 million a year to ing wherein the mother of several de­ attention over the last several years. In the bill in its first year of operation. It pendents, with the husband overseas, has fact, the program recommended by the is important to note that Department of had to travel an undue distance in order committee is essentially the same as a Defense witnesses indicated that the De­ to receive prescription service-for cor­ bill I first introduced over 3 years ago. partment would suppo-rt this change. It rective measures for vision-or be it for That is, it extends the Dependent Med­ is important because this one change ac­ drugs or other things. This is expensive ical Care Act to retired personnel and counts for almost all of the increased and often requires hiring a car, and/or their dependents. Mr. Chairman, medi­ cost of the committee's bill over the de­ babysitters. cal care for our retired personnel has partmental recommendations. This will take care of this according been established by custom and statute Defense had recommended leaving en­ to the original intent of the true ·medi­ since the mid-19th century. This is tirely in the hands of the Department the care bill. This is the true medicare bill something that has always been prom­ determination of how many beds would before the name was purloined for the ised to our retirees and their families. It be programed for retirees in new military. general hospital care of the elderly or is something that has always been pro­ hospitals. The committee put in a mini­ the aging, over 65 under the social se­ vided. mum of 5 percent and a maximum of 20 curity tax. It has worked beautifully, Today, however, the rapid increase in percent. The committee has had sad ex­ ·and has well · demonstrated-with the · the number of retirees--which is a by­ periences in the past with the Depart­ Army as the action agency for the De­ product of our maintaining a large ready ment failing to carry out the intent of partment of Defense-the complete co­ force in the cold war-has made it clear Congress. It should be noted that the operation of organized medicine and that the promised medical care cannot increased programing of retired beds in ancillary agencies of health with Govern­ continue to be given in military facili­ military hospitals is a savings because ment services. ties. The Department of Defense has in­ military hospital costs are significantly Second, I am of course, Mr. Chairman, dicated that by 1970 there will be 25 mil­ lower than the cost in civilian facilities. vitally interested iri that portion that · itary retirees for every 100 persons on According to the best estimate available guarantees .the departmental care on a active duty. By 1977, retirees will equal to the committee, the annual savings by space-available basis, and under the new 40 percent of the total number of active this provision will amount to over $7 mil­ civilian medicare for the aged, now the duty personnel. These retirees together lion by fiscal year 1972. law of the land, which goes into effect with their dependents cannot all be cared In accepting the Defense recommenda­ July 1, 1966-and other portions properly for at military facilities. tion that retirees at age 65 transfer to implemented by January 1967-for re­ As an illustration of this, in my own the social security medical care program, tirees and their dependents. district there are more than 42,000 re­ the committee added a savings clause to This is a bill for equity and justice in tired personnel and their dependents. assure there would be no diminution of the best known medical care, such as the There is a brandnew Navy hospital un­ benefits. This was done because in the people of America demand based on both der construction at Jacksonville which hearings we had conflicting testimony moral and legal obligations, for those will have 400 beds. But even this new between the Department of Defense and who have served our country so long and hospital cannot care for all of the active the Department of Health, Education, honorably. It is a benefit that a grate­ duty personnel in the area and the re­ and Welfare as to whether benefits ful Nation gives to its people who have tired population too. It is clear that to would be lost by the transfer. served with devotion and dedication· in carry out our promise to the military re­ The defense proposal would have re­ times of war and in times of peace in tired man we must program more beds in quired withholding Federal grants from the armed services. · military hospitals and we must provide States which refuse to waive residency The third portion of the bill pertains some of the care in civilian hospitals. requirements for handicapped children to the care of medically handicapped Both of these would be done under the of military personnel. The subcommit­ dependents of those now on active duty present bill. tee eliminated this language as it felt the in the uniformed services. It is really The extended study that our commit­ matter could be handled better admin­ as important as the others, but I per­ tee has given to this problem has made istratively. The committee feels an sonally have had more experience in the clear beyond all question that we have arrangement can be made whereby States previously discussed fields. a moral obligation to provide care tore­ waive residency requirements and mili­ I predict that passage of this bill, will tirees and their families. Our men were tary personnel waive tax exemption un­ enhance the type of care we are giving consistently promised such care by· re­ der the Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief to our deserving people, and that they cruiters and by the retention literature Act. The committee also amended the will be happier with it. It will not· be given them by the military departments. handicapped children section of the bill an additional drain either on the facil­ In the record of the 1964 hearings on hos­ to assure military people would not pay ities of the armed services for hospital pital policy, directed by our very distin­ more than normal State charges. care or on the taxpayers. It is timely guished chairman, the gentleman from The committee accepted the Depart­ and appropriate. I hope it passes unan­ South Carolina, L. MENDEL RIVERS, there ment's proposal to tie dependent medical imously. is reproduced page after page of recruit­ care in the future to the high option of Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield ing and retention documents which as­ the most widely used plan under the 5 minutes to the gentleman from Florida sured those men who made military Federal-Civilian Employees Health Bene­ [Mr. BENNETT]. service a career that they and their fits Act. The committee, however, to Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Chairman, I rise families would be cared for in retirement. prevent a reduction of benefits in the in support of the blil. This bill greatly Mr. Chairman, there should be noth­ future, provided a floor on benefits equal improves medical care coverage for our ing more sacred to us than keeping the to that under the Federal employee pro­ military families in three general areas. promises our Government makes to its gram as of July 1, 1966. It expands coverage for active duty de­ individual :fighting men. Mr. Chairman, that briefly summarizes pendents and provides them with out­ In an effort to begin remedial action, the committee's perfecting amendments. patient care from civilian sources. It I introduced early in the 88th Congress-­ I think they are reasonable ·and fully institutes, for the first time, a program of in May 1963-H.R. 178. I reintroduced justified. I think it makes the bill an aid to families with handicapped chil- the bill in this Congress as H.R. 279. May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10301 This bill is essentially what the com­ care at uniformed service facilities after faced by one of the more successful mem­ mittee has reported to the House today­ age 65. The social security program will bers of our society, I commend to your the blanketing of retired personnel and be used to administer the care when they attention a letter that appears on page their dependents under the Dependent are cared for in civilian facilities. 5969 of our subcommittee hearings on Medical Care Act. I also introduced on The committee received .conflicting the present legislation. The letter is April9, 1964, H.R. 10.763. This embodied testimony on whether or not there would from Vice Adnl. Mahlon S. Tisdale, U.S. an alternate program, proposed by the be a falling off of benefits when the re­ Navy, retired. The letter, addressed to Fleet Reserve Association, to provide tiree transferred from the Medical Care our chairman, the gentleman from care for retirees and their families. It Act to the social security program. South Carolina, L. MENDEL RIVERS, details gave more emphasis to care in military There are some services available from the burdens and the cost faced by Ad­ facilities. I reintroduced that bill in the social security that are not available un­ miral Tisdale in caring for his spastic present Congress as H.R. 1525. In intro­ der the dependent medical care program. son over a 44-year period. Admiral Tis­ ducing these proposals, I wanted to get The most notable of these for example dale said: - as many helpful items as I .could before is the provision for nursing care. This I smile when I hear the father of a normal the committee so it could ·consider all is a particularly valuable service to older child complaining about the high cost of a possible ~angles for a solution to the prob­ patients. On the other hand, the de­ 4-year college course for his child. The pendent medical care program provides father of a handicapped child cannot plan lem. I think the FRA proposal served a for a fixed term, such as 4 years. Addition­ very useful purpose in bringing increased more extensive care in some areas. For ally-and importantly-he must strive to discussion of the problem and helping to example, the social security program provide financially for his child after his own gain increased attention at the national provides up to 90 days hospitalization for death. level. And the present legislation carries each illness; the dependent medical care out one key point of the FRA proposal: program provides 365 days. Admiral Tisdale's tale is heartrending. that the retiree and his family would To assure that there would be no loss But as he points out, he was a lieutenant know beyond question that he has an of benefits at a time in life when the commander, or of higher rank, during all assured right to care. The committee retirees are increasingly aware of medi­ of the period that his son lived. Think has stipulated that the Department of cal needs, the committee put a savings of the burden of such care and such Defense shall provide care, not just that clause in the bill. It provides that after cost on an enlisted man living on the it may provide care. exhausting benefits under the social se­ modest pay we provide our enlisted The committee, in reporting H.R. curity program, the retiree or his de­ personnel? · · 14088, has strengthened the bill by re­ pendent could continue to •get care that From 1947, when Admiral Tisdale re­ quiring a minimum of 5 percent of bed would have been available if he had been tired, until1963 when the boy died at age space in new and replacement military under the Dependent Medical Care Act. 44, the son was cared for in a cerebral hospitals for retirees and their depend­ I think it is very important to recog­ palsy hospital in California.-Hillside ents. The committee has also provided nize that exhausting the care under the House in Santa Barbara-one of the best that ·at age 65 retirees woUld transfer social security program includes using such institutions in the country. The to the social security medical care for the supplemental benefits of that pro­ cost for Admiral Tisdale was $325 per the aged system. However, the commit­ gram. In other words it is not contem­ month for basic tuition. Clothing, doc­ tee has made sure that these over-65 plated that the savings clause would be tors' bills, haircuts, and other inciden­ retirees will continue to be eligible for used to relieve the retiree of having to tals were extra expense. This gives you care in military hospitals and it provided pay the extra $3 a month for himself and some idea of the financial burden on a a savings clause so they would not suffer $3 a month for his vvife. The extra $3 parent of a retarded and seriously handi­ any loss of benefits. monthly charge at age 65 is not consid­ capped child. In summary, the bill fully meets our ered unfair to the retiree since at that I do not believe that a country as rich moral obligation and fully carries out our time tne retiree, with a few rare excep­ and powerful as ours, a country that gives promises to the retired man. This is an tions, commences to receive increased away billions every year in foreign aid, important day for all retired military income in the form of monthly social should have even one family face a hope­ personnel and their families. I urge all security · payments. The $3 charge less financial debt because they were so of my colleagues to support the bill. would be deducted from his social se­ unfortunate as to have a handicapped Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield to curity check. ·The retiree receives this child. And I do not thing we can ever the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. social security payment in addition to callously allow such burdens to rest on BATES] such time as he may desire. his regular military retired pay. the families of servicem~n, whose pay is In summary, the program provides a particularly low and who have difficulty Mr. BATES. Mr. Chairman, I rise in establishing residence in a single State support of H.R. 14088. fair program of full coverage to the re­ b~ause of the frequency of movement This bill has been adequately explained tiree which can be easily administered. required by their military duty. by the distinguished chairman of the It deserves the support of the House. This bill would begin to right a tragic subcommittee that drafted the legisla­ Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield situation by having the Government pay tion, the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. such time as he may consume to the 75 percent of the cost of the care for HEBERT], and other members of that fine gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. LONGJ. handicapped children of service person­ subcommittee. There is one section of Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Chair­ nel. That care includes the following: the bill, however, that I would like to ·man, I rise in support of H.R. 14088. diagnosis; inpatient, outpatient, and give particular attention to because I I had the burden and privilege for home treatment; training, rehabilitation, think it is important that the legislative some 8 years in the Louisiana Legislature and special education; institutional care record and the legislative intent be clear of working on the problem of providing in public, private nonprofit, and State in­ on this point. adequate care for mentally retarded chil­ stitutions; and transportation incident to This is the section which provides that dren. It is difficult for those who have such care. The committee's intention is retirees covered under the bill will trans­ hot come face to face with the p·roblem that care would be facilitated in State fer at age 65 to the social security pro­ to appreciate the agony and heartache institutions by having the State waive gram of medical care for the aged. faced by parents, who have to care for residency requiremel).ts and having the The subcommittee accepted this pro­ such a child. The problem has been · serviceman waive exemption from State vision because most service personnel are made especially acute for members of taxatioh normally granted him under the already eligible for social security medi­ the. armed services because in the past, Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act. cal care. This is true because military the residency requirements have fre­ The committee feels that the Department personnel have been under social security quently prevented them from obtaining of Defense can make such arrangements since 1957. The subcommittee felt that care for their children in public insti­ by contacting appropriate State officials. it would no-t make sense to have two tutions. These public institutions are As originally submitted by the adminis­ separate programs going at the same time quite frequently the only institutions tration, the bill would have, in effect, held for military citizens of the same age that military personnel can begin to a club over the States threatening a de­ group. afford. nial of Federal grants if waiver of the It should be understood that these mil­ For those of you who want some under­ residency requirements were not forth­ itary people continue to be eligible for standing of this problem, even when coming. The subcommittee felt that 10302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966 such Federal interference in the affairs Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield well be applied to civilians who are cov­ of States were neither desirable o.r neces­ such time as he may consume to the gen­ ered under the Social Security Act, who sary. tleman from New York [Mr. KUPFER­ might also have totally disabled children Under the bill, the serviceman would MAN]. through no fault of their own, for which :first seek care in State institutions for Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I children we currently make no provi­ his handicapped child. The bill care­ have just a point of inquiry to the man­ sion of any benefits. fully provides that the serviceman will ager of the bill. If the gentleman will The Department of Defense, by this not in any case pay more than the charge recall, yesterday in connection with the legislation, is assuming its responsibility that would be required if he were not a bill H.R. 14921, the 1967 independent to its military members who have these member of the uniformed services. If it offices appropriation bill, we added $1.5 totally disabled children. It is ex­ is necessary to seek care in nonpublic in­ million for nursing homes in the States tremely good legislation and in the pub­ stitutions or if the care is more expensive for retired veterans. I wonder how that lic interest. ~ than most State institutions, the bill pro­ jibes with the bill we have before us to­ With respect t9 recoupment of the De­ vides that a serviceman in the lowest en­ day? Is there any difference in the partment of Defense for the care pro­ listed grade may be requred to pay the amount involved here because of the fact vided under this legislation, as I under­ :first $25 of the monthly cost for such that we added $1.5 million? stand, a :flexible schedule is provided for care. Members in the highest commis­ Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, there the recompensation benefits. I ask the sioned grade may similarly be required to is no inconsistency at all. This is an en­ gentleman from Louisiana if that is pay as much as $250 a month. The pre­ tirely different program. This is relat­ correct. · cise range of costs is left to regulations ing to retired military people and their Mr. HEBERT. The gentleman has to be drawn up by the Secretary of De­ dependents. It has no connection with correctly stated the situation. There is fense in cooperation with the Secretary any veterans' organization. a :flexibility of payments ranging from a of Health, Education, and Welfare. Mr. KUPFERMAN. I thank the gen­ minimum of $25 a month to $250 a It should be understood, Mr. Chairman, tleman. month. This is graded on the rank of it is not the intention of the committee Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield the individual affected. that the children of service personnel re­ such time as he may consume to the For instance, an enlisted man who has ceive preferential treatment in State gentleman from California [Mr. LEG­ a retarded child would not pay more facilities. The intention is that they will GETT]. than $25 a month and, under certain be treated on an equal basis with State Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Chairman, I sup­ circumstances, even this could be waived residents. port this legislation. I believe this fa by the Department. Finally, let me make it clear that the direly needed. In view of the confusion The four-star general would pay no committee does not pretend that this bill which has arisen in the last several years more than $250 a month. It is graded is the whole answer. The problem, na­ with respect to the obligation of this on a scale of the individual and his tionwide, in the care of the handicapped Congress to our retired military people compensation in an area now where and particularly in the care of the men­ with respect to health benefits, I be­ there is no provision at all to help these tally retarded, is the need for adequate lieve this legislation clears the air to a people. facilities. There is a shortage of facil­ reasonable extent. Mr. LEGGETT. As I understand it, ities right now and as long as that short­ Certainly it is critically needed be­ there is a limitation that the intent of age continues, military interests and cause of the current drain on our state­ the legislation is that 75 percent of the civilian alike will suffer. I am happy to side military hospital facilities. The al­ cost shall be borne by the Department of tell the House, however, that according ternative provisions for civilian care Defense, with a maximum to be recouped to the past testimony received in our which are provided by this legislation from the individual of from $25 to $250, hearings, a really dramatic start has been are critically necessary. depending upon the scale. made on a program to provide adequate At this time I ask the gentleman from Mr. HEBERT. The gentleman has facilities for the first time. Louisiana, the manager of the bill, with stated it satisfactorily and correctly. Representatives of the Public Health respect to the transition coverage for Mr. LEGGETr. I thank the gentle­ Service under the Department of Health, retired people from this legislation to man very much. Education, and Welfare testified that the social security legislation, is it the gentle­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 Federal Government is beginning ·to man's understanding that all military minutes to the gentleman from New commit substantial sums of money in personnel who are retired, who reach York [Mr. PIRNIE]. matching grants to the States for such the age of 62 years or 65 years, are then Mr. PIRNIE. Mr. Chat"rman, I sup­ facilities. They testified also that the automatically covered by the social port H.R. 14088 and as far as I know so States are responding magnificently in security medicare legislation? does everyone. providing sufficient appropriations of Mr. HEBERT. They would be under H.R. 14088 combines three pieces of their own to be eligible for such grants. the law, as the social security provisions legislation supported by the Department Over $300 million is being spent by of the law provide. They apply to every­ of Defense. With certain changes, all Health, Education, and Welfare this year body at age &5. However, at age 65 he of which I feel are fully justified, the in grants to the States for various pro­ must pay the $3, the same as everybody legislation before the House today is that grams to aid in the care of the mentally else, if he wants to obtain the full bene­ proposed by the Department of Defense. retarded. Mr. Chairman, I think we can fits of the civilian health care program. All of the witnesses before our committee look for a much better future national However, he continues to remain eligible supported the legislation. I know of no record in the care of the mentally re­ for care at uniformed services medical organization or group which does not tarded and physically handicapped chil­ facilities after reaching age 65 whether or acknowledge that the Government has a dren; and I think that the present bill not he participates under the social special obligation to assure adequate would be an important and necessary security program. medical care to the military man and his part of that record. I urge all of my Mr. LEGGETT. The effect of it will family. This is especially true at this colleagues to vote for the legislation. not be to downgrade the coverage after time when men are being called up and I have confined my remarks to this age 65 by transition to. the medicare sent into combat. portion of the bill because of my speci3tl social security benefits? The leadership of these combat units interest in this field. But I want it Mr. HEBERT. Quite the contrary. is largely provided by career personnel clearly understood for the record that The whole purpose of the bill is to up­ whose morale and performance have my wholehearted support is also behind grade and not downgrade the benefits been outstanding. The vast majority of the other portions of the bill that im­ given to the man in uniform. That is these career men in our Armed Forces prove the medical care of active duty why we specifically added language to today are married and it is the needs of personnel and carry out the Govern­ that effect. their families which prompt this ment's pledge to provide full medical Mr. LEGGETT. With respect to an­ legislation. care to our military retirees and their de­ other matter, I believe coverage of the H.R. 14088 will improve the level of pendents. I urge the Members of the handicapped who are born to members care for military dependents who need House to make the vote on this bill of military services is extremely good hospitalization and, equally important, unanimous. legislation. Provisions like this might will provide a mechanism for future ex- · May 11, 1~66 CONGRESSIONAL ;RECORD- HOUSE 10303 pansion as medical benefits are increased between Congress and the executive frankly to be a catalyst, to get some ac­ in other programs in our society. branch. tion on this problem before it reached Mr. Chairman, it is very apparent to Back in 1962 the distinguished gentle­ hopeless proportions. Action, we got. those of us privileged to serve in this man from Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT], who Hearings were held in 1964, chaired by House, from our correspondence, that is managing this bill on the fioor of the our distinguished leader, the gentleman there is nothing that causes as much House today, planted the first seed of from South Carolina, L. MENDEL RIVERS, anxiety and concern to the military man the legislation which we will pass here a.nd those hearings proved what some of as the problem of adequate medical care today. It was the gentleman from us had been saying all along: that medi­ for his family. It is very clear that an Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] who asked some cal care for retirees is a traditional improvement in the medical care benefits questions in an Armed Services Commit­ benefit that has been provided for over of military families will result in higher tee hearing in 1962 that had to do with hundreds of years and that has been re­ morale of our Armed Forces which will the old naval hospital fund under which peatedly promised as an inducement for translate itself into increased retention naval personnel were charged so much a making the service a career. of our highly trained career personnel. month so that hospitals could be pro­ The question before the Hebert sub­ This bill is necessary and desirable if vided for them. As a result of those committee this year was how to carry we are to meet our obligations to the questions asked by the gentleman from out the moral obligation to retirees that serviceman and his.family. It is equally Louisiana [Mr. HEBERTJ at this hearing, had been confirmed by the Rivers hear­ necessary and desirable from the stand­ a series of newspaper articles was later ings of 1964. The Hebert subcommittee, point of sound personnel administration. printed about the general subject of med­ by modifying and improving the program I hope it will have the unanimous sup­ ical care for retirees and dependents. proposed by the Department of Defense, port of the House. This prompted the Fleet Reserve Asso­ has done an outstanding job, and it de­ Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield ciation, which had always been inter­ serves the gratitude of all military re­ 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ten­ ested in this subject, to accelerate their tirees. It has drawn up a program which nessee [Mr. GRIDER]. efforts in behalf of medicare for retirees will assure medical care to retirees and Mr. GRIDER. Mr. Chairman, shortly and dependents. The association made their dependents at a very minimum of after I became a Member of this body proposals to the Department of Defense, cost by allowing such care to be given I was notified that the Public Health which were considered and which con­ in civilian hospitals under the Dependent Service Hospital in the city of Memphis, tributed to the Rivers subcommittee Medical Care Act. At age 65 retirees Tenn., was to be closed. · hearings in 1964. It was those hear­ would switch to the social security pro­ ings which showed the real need for the gram, but the committee has assured In 1936 I became a member of the legislation which we .will pass today and that there would be no falling off of armed services, as a member of the class which prompted the Department of De­ benefits. At all ·times the retirees and of 1936 at the Naval Academy. fense to start working on it. their dependents continue to be eligible These two events have put me in a Administrative action followed. An for care in military facilities. To assure position to be acutely aware of the prob­ administration policy was developed and that some military facilities are avail­ lems of the retirees and of their an administration bill presented. Fi­ able, the committee has provided the dependents. nally this was climaxed in the excellent programing of at least 5 percent of beds When the Public Health Service Hos­ hearings conducted by our colleague, the for retirees in all new military hospitals. pital was closed in Memphis this threw gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] It should be recognized that this not hundreds and hundreds of retirees and just a few weeks ago. And today we only provides a desired benefit for the their dependents into a position where have a splendid bill which, as has been retiree himself, but helps to insure a they had virtually no medical care read­ stated here earlier today, all .of us can rounded professional program for mili­ ily available to them; this despite glow­ conscientiously support. So we have tary doctors and makes additional ing promises and recruitment posters of gone the complete cycle. It started with hospital beds available for possible mo­ decades ago, and in part because of the Congressman HEBERT in 1962 who trig­ bilization needs. cruel application of the "space avail­ gered a chain of events which produced In SUIIliilary, the bill carries out fully able" policy in military and ve·terans this very worthwhile piece of legislation the Government's moral obligation to the hospitals. which he is managing today. military retiree and his family. This is This is a great inequity which we are I would like to commend the gentle­ what is important. The paramount con­ today curing, and I am very proud of the man from Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] for cern is not the method of providing care committee for reporting this bill. . the significant part he has played in pro­ or of financing the program, but simply As a Member of this House I have, of ducing this excellent bill. the principle involved-that the Govern­ course, become a ware of the needs of In recent years a lot of people have ment keeps its word. The moral obliga­ dependents of our men serving overseas. been trying tq save money at the expense tion of the Government is to keep its Not a week goes by that I do not re­ of the military retiree. Every time we word· to any individual military man is ceive at least one letter from some wife cut retirement benefits, we wind up hav­ far more important than the amount of of a man on active duty who is living ing to improve reenlistment pay and oth­ dollars involved. far away from any military installation er active duty benefits to keep up reten­ Mr. Chairman, I believe the Fleet Re­ and who is in critical need of medical tion rates. serve Association deserves a great deal of care for herself and children. Here The reason for this is simple. Retire­ credit for its efforts in bringing this again this bill fills a great need. There­ ment benefits are the most important problem to national attention and can fore, Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of career incentives for military men. If take a great deal of pride in the. part it the legislation and urge all of my col­ you do not believe that, just imagine the has played in getting legislation ad­ leagues similarly to support it. chaos that would result in the enlisted vanced. I would like to particularly Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 retention situation if you cut out 20-year recommend one sentence from a booklet minutes to the gentleman from Cali­ retirement. the FRA ·published on this problem: fornia [Mr. GUBSER]. Medical care in retirement is second What • the serviceman, active and retired, Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Chairman, I sup­ only to retired pay in importance to the wants is not just to get a benefit, but to be port this bill with real enthusiasm. But career military man. Over the last sev­ assured that he will continue to get it. before telling you why, I should like to eral years, the Department of Defense One of the great advantages of the pro­ say something about the mechanics. has discontinued programing beds for re­ gram provided in the present legislation which brought it before us today. tirees in military facilities. This, plus is that it is a permanent, stable program. This is a classic example of the legis­ the growth of the retired population, has The retiree can be assured that he will lative process at work in an ideal sense. threateped the cutt.ing off of medical care continue to get medical care throughout This bill is what legislation ought to be; for retirees and their dependents. his retirement. it is the creature of Congress as the con­ In the 88th Congress, I introduced a In addition to providing for retirees, stitutional policymaking branch of the bill to assure medical care for retirees the present legislation also includes pro­ Government; it is the product of exten­ and their dependents along the lines of a grams to meet simple basic needs of mili­ sive and thoughtful deliberation; it is an program proposed by the Fleet Reserve tary personnel that are in line with bene­ example of real and honest cooperation Association. The bill was designed fits being provided to citizens throughout 10304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 11, 1966 our society. These are outpatient care The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to their country. Men were also assured for dependents regardless of location, an to the request of the gentleman from that as retired personnel their benefits expanding level of in-hospital care, and California? would keep pace with those of their aid in caring for handicapped children. There wa$ no objection. active counterparts. Now, private enter­ These are necessary and worthwhile pro­ Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Chairman, I com­ prise and other governmental positions grams and I support them whole­ mend my colleague from California [Mr. offer similar, if not greater benefits. This heartedly. GUBSER] for championing the cause of bill will restore a. better balance of bene­ Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Chair­ adequate medical care for dependents of fits. It will boost morale of our men in man, will the gentleman yield? active and retired military personnel and Vietnam because they will know that the Mr. GUBSER. I am happy to yield to retired military personnel themselves. best medical care can be given their de­ the gentleman from California. I concur with his remarks, and am pendents who are here at home at nom­ Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Chair­ pleased to support the Military Medical inal cost. It should help reenlistment man, I rise to associate myself with the Benefits Act, which is before the House rates. It will provide a welcome improve­ remarks of the gentleman from Cali­ today. This bill will greatly improve ment in benefits for retired personnel fornia in support of this legislation. medical services available to our retired and their dependents. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the gentle­ military ranks, their dependents, and Mr. Chairman, .I support this bill man from California [Mr. GuBSER] yield­ famiUes of active duty servicemen. wholeheartedly and am confident my ing to me. Also, I want to associate ACTIVE DUTY BENEFITS colleagues will pass this measure over­ myself with his remarks. The Dependents Medical Care Act of whelmingly. 'I'he need for this legislation is over­ 1956 established a medical program for Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield whelming. Anyone familiar with the military families in civilian hospitals. 1 minute to the gentleman from Indiana problems of military personnel and their This act represented a new concept in [Mr. HARVEY]. families must agree to vigorously sup­ the provision of such care. Because it Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ port this bill. It is for this reason that was a new program, its benefits were man, I rise in support of this legislation. I rise today to add my voice to the com- somewhat limited. This new bill will ex­ I think it is a very timely piece of legis­ lation and humanitarian as well. A mittee member's presentation. 1 pand benefits to include all types of care Putting it bluntly, the military per­ and services provided under the highest number of health problems with regard sonnel and their families have been option of the Government-wide health to dependents of servicemen have come overlooked too lm1g. The benefits for plan selected by the largest number of to the attention of my office in the past medical care have not kept pace with civilian employees of the Federal Gov­ few months. This gap in our service was their civilian counterparts. We have ernment. In addition, certain medical particularly noticeable. Certainly the made improvements in the salary struc­ services will be provided which are not committee is to be commended for this ture to develop some semblance of com­ available under the civilian programs. fine corrective piece of legislation. parability but the medical provisions Examples 'are: Physical examinations, Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield have been totally inadequate. As many immunizations. care of the newborn, such .time as he may consume to the of the committee members with whom I emergency dental care, and dental care gentleman from California [Mr. DYAL]. have talked know-! have related rather outc.;ide the United States. Mr. DYAL. Mr. Chairman, I rise in forthrightly my personal gripes as to the Inpatient care at civilian hospitals will support of this legislative proposal-the inadequacy of their benefits, particularly cost only $25 per admission, or $1.75 per Military Medical Benefits Act of 1966. I for dependents of active duty members day, whichever is the higher. Outpa­ compliment the chairman and members of our armed services. The lack of fa­ tient care will cost the dependent only of the Committee on Armed Services for cilities, the lack of choice and flexibility 20 percent of the actual hospital charge. their dedicated and expeditious con­ in seeking medical attention have left RETmED PERSONNEL BENEFITS sideration · of this needed legislation these people with a feeling of neglect-­ Of especial interest to many retired which will improve the level of medical this is no way to treat people whose hus­ military personnel now living in Califor­ care for our active duty members of the bands and fathers are on call around the nia's 12th Congressional District are the uniformed services and their dependents clock to meet the demands associated generous features of this bill. Retired and provide medical care to retired mili­ with our national and international se­ military personnel and their dependents tary personnel and their dependents to curity commitments. will now be covered by the Dependents which I feel the Federal Government is During this past year, · I visited and Medical Care Act. This will make the morally obligated. held one of my regular meetings with a same level of hospital care availab~e to I am confident the action we are tak­ very responsible servicemen's organiza­ them that is available to dependents of ing here this afternoon will show our tion, the Sergeant's Association at Ham­ active servicemen. Civilian hospital care continued faith in-our servicemen, assure ilton Air Force Base. This group repre­ and outpatient care will become available our military retirees and their depend­ sents an exceptionally well qualified unit on the same cost basis. ents we are aware of implied moral obli­ of noncommissi-oned officers. They are Another important feature of the bill gations,. and promote a better under­ not the type of johnny-come-latelys that requires the Department of Defense to standing for young men wishing to join are inclined to complain at the drop of provide hospital space in all new hospital our uniformed services. a hat. construction and replacement hospitals Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I have During our visit, they brought to my for retired personnel and their depend:.. no further requests for time. attention many of the problems they ents. No less than 5 percent nor more were having with what would be categor­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield that 20 percent of the planned bed space such time he may consume to the ized as inadequate medical facilities and shall be constructed for them. The as programs for their families. Impressed gentleman from California [Mr. BoB exact percentage will be determined by WILSON]. as I was, I returned to Washington with the amount of civilian medical facilities the feeling that something must be done. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Chairman, I within 1 hour's traveltime from the mili­ wholeheartedly support the bill. As we vote today in support of this tary facility, and the requests for care bill, I want to express my appreciation to made by retired personnel during the fis­ The provisions of this legislation af­ the chairman and members of the Armed cal year just prior to the programing fecting active duty pers·Jnnel will help Services Committee for adhering to our of the construction. those who need it m r:>st anC: who are , least able to pay-the young families, the requests. While I believe there is still MEDICAL BENEFITS DmECTLY RELATED TO MORALE familieS of enlisted men and junior offi­ room for improvement, I · am equally AND ENLISTMENT RATES cers. In my district, we are very much pleased to see that this oversight is on I am pleased to urge enactment of this aware of the problems of getting ade­ its way toward recognition and correc­ measure today. Its effects will be far quate medical care, particularly outpa­ tion. I sincerely urge all Members to reaching. The excellent fringe benefits, tient care, for dependents of men who support this bill. such as housing, medical care and re­ are at sea and a way from their homes Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Chairman, I ask tirement plans, offered by the military for long periods. unanimous consent to extend my re­ ser.vices used to serve as inducements for The provision of the bill a1ding parents marks at this point in the RECORD. able men to enlist in a career dedicated with handicapped children is long o1 -er- May 11, 1966 CONGR)!SSIONAL RE~ORD -HOUSE 10305 due. Surely no country as wealthy as The only answer is a system of care in Mr. Chairman, I am convinced in my this, no country' able to give away billions civilian facilities and it would be foolish own mind that the bill will make an ex­ annually in foreign aid, should allow to start. an entirely new program when traordinarily valuable contribution to the· families to get in hopeless and tragic there is a sound program in operation. morale and welfare of our Armed Forces. financial situations simply bec~use they Therefore, the committee did what it Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chaimian, I yield are the parents of handi·capped children. first recommended 10 years ago and such time as he may consume _to the I am especially proud of the commit­ blanketed all retirees and their depend­ gentleman from Texas [Mr. GoNZALEz]. , tee's work in meeting the pledge this ents under the Dependent Medical Care Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Chairman, I Government has made to provide care in Act. I think this fully meets our obliga­ wish to compliment the distinguished retirement for the military man and his tion to military retirees. It is a program gentleman from Louisiana and his col­ family. In 1956 our committee brought we know can be soundly administered. leagues for this legislation. the dependent medical care bill. to the And it is a program we can afford. I Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Chairman, I rise floor. In our report on that bill 10 years urge all my colleagues to vote for the ago, we said the following: in support of H.R. 14088. bill. Our Armed Fo·rces are presently en­ The Committee on Armed Services recog­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I yield nizes the fact that retired personnel of the such time as he may consume to the gaged in a war in South Vietnam. · Re­ armed services have tr.aditionally been con­ gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CHAM­ gardless of how one feels about the policy sidered a part of the uniformed services. To BERLAIN]. issues involved, all of us have the deepest exclude them from consideration for cover­ Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Chairman, concern for the welfare of our service­ age in civilian facilities might well reduce I, too, wish to commend the chairman of men in that conflict and all of us share the increased reenlistment rate and improved this subcommittee, the gentleman from a pride in the quality of their sacrifices. morale which the proposed legislation seeks There is no more fitting way that we to bring about. Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] and all of its members, for the service that they have could confirm for them our appreciation The committee, at that time, provided rendered to our service people in bring­ of their commitment than by giving them a discretionary authority for the Secre­ ing this legislation to the floor of the assurance at this hour that their de­ tary of Defense to negotiate for a type House. pendents at home are being taken care of program similar to that provided This legislation provides a substantial of. active duty dependents. Such a provi­ fringe benefit to active duty personnel For the most part the men who are fac­ sion passed the House, but was knocked and their families and retirees and their ing the test of fire in Vietnam are young out in the Senate. If it had been en­ families. It also covers the dependents men, company level officers and enlisted acted into law, many of the problems of those who die in active service. In personnel. Many of these men are mar­ of recent years could have been avoided all, it )s a great improvement of fringe ried and have young families. Their and the morale of our military people benefits for some 7 million Americans. children require regular medical atten­ would be better than it is now. No benefit which now exists is taken tion usually outpatient care-that is, care What we are proposing in the present away from dependents or from retirees they can receive at a doctor's office. legislation is not a great new departure, and their dependents. But several im­ There is presently in the law no provi­ but is only what this committee and this portant benefits are added to assure sion for such outpatient care except at a House approved 10 long years ago. that military families get the care they military nospital. Yet quite frequently Mr . .chairman, it has been established have been led to expect for one reason and quite understandably the service­ beyond all doubt that we have an obli­ or another which we have been unable man's family goes home to live with the gation to provide medical care to there­ to provide. Ac'tive duty dependents get wife's parents or the serviceman's par­ tired military community. The retired an improved level inpatient care and get ents and the man is assigned to Vietnam. military man himself prefers his care in outpatient care from civilian sources. Naturally, the parents often live in areas military facilities and our committee At the present time we have the inequita­ where there are no military ;facilities. found that it is considerably cheaper to ble situation of some dependents getting The serviceman's family, therefore, is provide the care in military facilities. outpatient care because they live near faced with paying their own doctor bills. For example, the average cost per day military facilities and some having to So we are in a situation where the serv­ for care from civilian sources under the pay for their own care because they do iceman's family who deserves care the dependents medical care program in not live near military facilities. As the most is least likely to receive it. fiscal year 1966 was roughly $63. The committee report points out, we cannot The present legislation would correct average cost per day for retired members provide medical care on the basis of this situation. It will allow outpatient and their dependents in military hos­ geographical good fortune. care from civilian sources regardless of pitals in the same fiscal year was roughly Retirees will continue to be eligible for where the family is located. It will allow $30-less than one-half as much. The care in military facilities on a space the Government to pay the major share committee provides in the bill that at available basis. There will be more space of doctor bills for service wives in your least 5 percent of beds programed in new available because the bill provides a min­ district and mine, regardless of how few military hospitals shall be for retirees imum of 5 percent of beds for retirees we may have of military installations. and their dependents. This is desired by in all new hospitals. But the rapid It should also be recognized that we the patient, it is desired by the doctor, it growth of the retired population makes are facing a situation today where fre­ is more economical, and it provides an it evident that the present system can quently the outpatient facilities of mili­ additional reserve of beds for emergen­ not continue to work. The bill, there­ tary hospitals are terribly overcrowded cies. fore, to assure continued care for retirees and adequate service cannot be provided. The committee determined,· however, provides that they can get care in civil­ The present legislation would allow a that it would be simply unrealistic to try ian facilities under the dependent med­ portion of the workload to transfer to to provide all such care in military facil­ ical care program. It also provides that civilian sources. ities. The retired population has grown they can get outpatient care from civil­ In summary, Mr. Chairman, out of and is growing at such a rate that it ian sources on the same basis as active especial consideration for the welfare of would not be feasible to handle all care duty dependents. families of men fighting and dying in in military hospitals. We were able to The bill provides a new program of Vietnam and others, I urge all my col­ accommodate just about all the inpatient financial aid to families who have to leagues to vote for this legislation. and outpatient workload last year. But care for mentally retarded and seriously Mr. LENNON. Mr. Chairman, this Defense estimates that by 1970 military physically handicapped children. This legislation addresses itself to a number hospitals will be able to meet only two­ provision is in line with the increased of basic medical care problems faced by thirds of the outpatient workload and national awareness of the needs for such military families. I am sure all Mem­ only one-half of the inpatient workload children. bers of Congress agree that we have a So even those retirees living near mili­ All the costs that will be borne by mili­ special obligation to aid these military tary facilities could not be guaranteed t!'try families under the various provi­ families in meeting their medical care care. In addition, as the retired popula­ sions of this legislation are minimal. The needs because their way of life, with tion grows, more and more retirees are important consideration is that care will frequent separatioNs from the man of settling in areas where there are no mili­ be'available whenever and wherever re­ the famlly, tends to accen·tuate medical tary hospitals. quired. care problems. 10306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966 Mr. Chairman, one thing that has connection with this legislation and Armed Services, be incorporated at this characterized the Congress as much as which have also reflected upon me as an point in the RECORD. any other over the last several years is individual. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection. a special awareness of the medical needs However, I cannot accept these acco­ it is so ordered. of all our citizens. The Government now lades solely for myself personally. I am There was no objection. spends annually something on the order always cognizant of the fact that the Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. of $7 billion for all its hospital and subcommittee over which I have the Chairman, we have learned in my com­ medical undertakings, including medical privilege of presiding is composed of a mittee that for the career military man research. group of dedicated men who have given nothing causes as much concern as hav­ The present bill will cost $216 million me full and complete cooperation at all ing adequate medical care for his family. in its first year and this cost will rise times. Nothing causes more letters to my com­ by fiscal year 1972 to $308 million. While Mr. Chairman, it has been a genuine mittee. And nothing has a greater im­ this is a great deal of money, I think we honor and privilege to have been able pact on career retention. should not lose sight of the fact that it to chair this subcommittee and to bring Knowing this, we have given a great involves a grea-t many people. I·t will so many important pieces of legislation deal of attention to medical care prob­ have substantially improved the medical to the floor and to have them adopted lems in my committee. I myself was care benefits for something over 6 million and endorsed by this House of chairman of a subcommittee which in Americans. This includes 3.8 million Representatives. 1964 surveyed all facets of hospital con­ dependents of active duty men, slightly Mr. Chairman, my distinguished col­ struction policy in the Armed Forces. over 600,000 retirees, and about 1,800,000 league, the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. We found that defense planning had dependents of retirees. BRAY], the ranking Member, has always come up short in a number of areas. We The 3 million men on active duty will, been unfailing in his cooperation. There found that defense planning had made of course, be assured by the bill that has never been one tinge of politics. inadequate provisions for the care of the their dependents are adequately taken There is no right or left side of the aisle. retired men and their families. We care of. Thus, a total of some 9 million It is one body. found that the Defense Department had Americans are affected by this legisla­ Mr. Chairman, certainly I would be not properly weighed the valuable tion. remiss if I failed at this particular time mobilization reserve that would be pro­ In the program for retired personnel to pay tribute to them and the work they vided by the programing of beds for and their dependents, the committee have done on this particular piece of retirees. sought to carry out a clearly established legislation. This legislation brought before the moral obligation on the part of the Gov­ Mr. Chairman, I cannot cease these House today would answer the needs we ernment. I believe we have done this in remarks or conclude them without pay­ uncovered in our 1964 hearings. It the most equitable and feasible manner. ing particular tribute to an individual would also solve some other vital medical The associations that represent retired who has been an inspiration to the Com­ care needs that have come to the atten­ personnel indicated during our hearings mittee on Armed Services, my distin­ tion of our committee since those 1964 that they believed this program would guished chairman, the gentleman from hearings. meet the Government's moral obligation South Carolina, MENDEL RIVERS, who H.R. 14088 is an omnibus bill. It covers to the retired population. came to this House with me more than a broad range of medical care problems In providing financial aid for those in 25 years ago, on the same day, and who for military families. It improves the the unfortunate position of caring for has been an unfailing friend, an ally, level of in-hospital care for the depend­ retarded or physically handicapped chil­ ever since that day. It is because of his ents of active duty servicemen. It as­ dren, the committee, of necessity, has leadership as chairman of the Commit­ sures outpatient care for military de­ left a great deal of discretion to the De­ tee on Armed Services that the subcom­ pendents no matter where they are lo­ partment. When experience is gained mittees, not only the one that I have the cated by providing such care from in running the program, additional privilege of chairing, but all subcommit­ civilian sources. It marks a great changes may be required. But I am sat­ tees have been able to act in the manner humanitarian advancement by provid­ isfied that we have made a good start. in which they have conducted themselves ing financial support for those families The bill originally recommended by the so independently and so vigorously dur­ who have to care for their mentally administration would have held a club ing this session of Congress, and at every retarded or physically handicapped over the States to force cooperation in tum bringing into full view their con­ child. And it provides a complete providing residential care for handi­ cept and responsibility that we have in equitable program of care for retired per­ capped children. The committee did not discharging the law as written into the sonnel and their dependents. feel this was necessary and I certainly Constitution, that the Congress is In all, the bill provides our military strongly oppose any such arbitrary use charged with the responsibility of rais­ personnel with one of the most complete of assumed Federal power. I am satis­ ing, maintaining armies and making and outstanding programs of medical fied that suitable arrangements can be regulations therefor. care found anywhere in our society. It worked out between the Department of In this particular field of legislation, - is landmark legislation. The gentle­ Defense and representatives of the States the distinguished gentleman from South man from Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] and to provide equitable treatment for mili­ Carolina has been one of the most vocal the members of his distinguished sub­ tary children and equitable sharing of and active participants. Two sections committee, who drafted this bill, can State taxation liabilities by the affected of the bill that we have before us today take a singular pride in their achieve­ parents. are the direct results of his efforts. He ment. They have earned the gratitude The portion of the bill affecting the is the author of that portion of the bill of military families everywhere. dependents of active duty men would related to both retired personnel and This is no little bill for a special few. assure outpatient care from both civilian their dependents and the dependents of It affects more than 7 million Americans. and military sources as well as an ex­ our active duty personnel. For these 7 million Americans, the panded level of in-hospital care. For The section of the bill having to do gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] the most part this outpatient care is a with retarded children is a provision that and the members of the subcommittee kind of medical benefit most needed by I initiated. I want at this time to pay have performed a great service. young military families and the program tribute to a fellow member of my staff, Mr. Chairman, our committee has should have a very salutary effect on our William Billiter who did all the ground made great efforts in the recent past to reenlistment rates. work and the staff work on getting this bring mmtary personnel up to a position I hope all of my colleagues will support piece of legislation together. It was in of equality with civil servants in the mat­ the legislation. tribute to our distinguished chairman ter of pay. We have done this to spite Mr. BRAY. Mr. Chairman, I have no that I reintroduced the bill adopted by some strenuous opposition. We have further requests for time. the committee in his name. done some things may people told us we Mr. HEBERT. Mr. .Chairman, in Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con-· could not do. But we have established closing the debate, I must recognize the sent that the remarks of the distin­ the rule that military pay will not fall very fine, complimentary things that guished gentleman from South Carolina, behind civil service pay again. Now, in have been said on the floor today in the chairman of the Committee on this bill, we are making sure that the May 11, 1966 -- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10307 medical care available to dependents of purpose on a reimbursable basis at ra.tes ap­ 1072(2) (E) of this title, who is moderately military personnel shall be equal to the proved by the Bureau of the Budget." or severely retarded mentally or who has a (3) Section 1076(b) is amended to read serious physical handicap, the plans covered medical care provided civilian Govern­ as follows: by subsection (a) shall, with respect to such ment employees.- "(b) Under joint regulations to be pre­ retardation or handicap, include the follow­ The Dependent Medical Care Act, scribed by the Secretary of Defense and the ing: when passed in 1956 by our committee, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, -' ' ( 1) Diagnosis. was a great legislative advance. But we a dependent of a member or former member "(2)Inpatient, outpatient, and home treat­ made one mistake in that bill. We made who is, or was at the time of his death, en­ ment. the same mistake that Hammurabi made titled to retired or retainer pay, or equiv­ "(3) Training, rehab111tation, and special when he drafted his code. We made it alent pay, may, upon request, be given the education necessitated by the child's mental static. We wrote into the law the kind medical and dental care prescribed by sec­ or physical handicap. tion 1077 of this title in fac111ties of the uni­ "(4) Institutional care-in private nonprof­ of care that could be provlded so that formed services, subject to the availab111ty of it, public and State institutions and facilities it prevented an increase in the level of space and fac111ties and the capab111ties of and, when appropriate, transportation to and care as advancements in medical care the medical and dental staff." from such institutions and facilities. coverage were made elsewhere in our (4) Section 1077 is amended to read as " (e) As their share of the cost of any bene­ society. The present bill brings the level follows: fits provided under subsection (d), members of care up to the level provided under "§ 1077. Health benefits for dependents; au­ in the lowest enlisted pay grade may be re­ the most widely used program of the Fed­ authorized care in fac111ties of uni­ quired to pay the first $25 incurred each eral Employees Health Benefits Act. But formed services month and members in the highest commis­ " (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), sioned pay grade may similarly be required to even more important is that the bill ties health benefits provided under section 1076 pay as much as $250 per month. The the level of care to that program in the of this title may not exceed those provided amounts to be similarly paid by members in future. This means that as care is ex­ under the high option of the Government­ all other pay grades shall be determined un­ panded for civilian Government em­ wide plan covertng the larger number of der joint regulations to be prescribed by the ployees it can also be improved for mili­ civilian employees contracted for by the Civil Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of tary families. Service Commission under section 3003 of Health, Education, and Welfare. The The families that need the benefits of title 5, nor may they be less than those pro­ amounts so prescribed shall ordinarily not be vided under that plan on July 1, 1966. less than $25 or more than $250, however, in this legislation the most are the young "(b) The following types of health bene­ no event shall the amount paid by the mem­ families of the men who are now fighting fits may also be provided under section 1076 ber each month be more than the payment and dying in Vietnam. We will not say of this title: he would be required to pay to a public in­ to them that their families will have to " ( 1) Physical examinations. stitution if he were not a member of the uni­ be uncertain about having proper medi­ "(2) Immunizations. formed services. A member who has more cal care while they are meeting the ene­ "(3) Care of the newb_orn. than one child incurring expenses in a given mies of freedom on a faraway battle­ "(4) Routine dental care may be pro­ month under a plan covered by subsection field. I know the Congress will say to vided outside the United States, and in re­ {d) shall not be required to pay an amount mote areas inside the United States where greater than he would be required to pay if them that the medical needs of their adequate civilian facilities are unavailable. he had but one such child. The monthly families will be taken care of. I know Emergency dental care, but not including payments prescribed for members under this the Congress will say it by voting for this permanent restorative work or dental pros­ section shall not exceed $25 per centum of bill. thesis, and dental care as a necessary adjunct the combined payment made by the Federal This bill fills another great need in to medical or surgical treatment, may be Government and the individual member for providing care for military retirees and provided worldwide." the care provided a child covered under this their dependents. Our hearings in 1964 (5) Section 1078{a) is amended by add­ section. proved beyond peradventure of doubt ing the following sentence at the end there­ "{f) To qualify for the benefits provided by of: "Such charges shall be adjusted periodi­ subsection (d). members shall be required that we have an obligation to retirees. cally to take into account adjustments in the to use public facilities to the extent they And the plan recommended to us this compensation of members of the uniformed are available and adequate as determined un­ year by the Defense Department is actu­ services." der joint regulations of the Secretary of De­ ally the same thing our committee (6) Section 1079 1s amended to read as fol­ fense and the Secretary of Health, Education, wanted to put in the Dependents Medi­ lows: and Welfare." cal Care Act in 1956. It would expand "(a) To assure that medical care is avail­ (7) The following new sections are added that act to cover retirees. able for spouses and children of members of after section 1085: the uniformed services who are on active Mr. Chairman, this is a great bill that "§ 1086. Contracts for health benefits forcer­ duty for a period of more than thirty days, tain members, former members, is greatly needed and that will greatly the Secretary of Defense, after consulting improve retention in the Armed Forces. and their dependents with the Secretary of Health, Education, and " (a) To assure that health benefits are Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I ask Welfare, shall contract, under the authority available for the persons covered by subsec­ that the bill be read for amendment. of this section, for medical care for those tion (b) , the Secretary of Defense, after con­ persons under such insurance, medical serv­ sulting with the Secretary of Health, Educa­ The Clerk read as follows: ice, or health plans as he considers appro­ H.R. 14088 tion, and Welfare, shall contract under the priate. Health benefits provided under these authority of this section for health benefits Be it enacted by the Senate and House of plaiU~ may not exceed those provided under for those persons under the same insurance, Representatives of the United States of the high option of the Government-wide medical service, or health plans he contracts America in Congress assembled, That chap­ plan covering the larger number of civilian for under section 1079(a) of this title. ter 55 of title 10, United States Code, is employees contracted for by the Civil Service Commission under section 3003 of title 5, nor "(b) The following persons are eligible for amended as follows: health benefits under this section: (1) Sections 1071, 1072, 1073, and 1084 are may they be less than those provided under each amended by striking out "1085" wher­ that plan on July 1, 1966. " ( 1) Those covered by sections 1074 (b) ever it appears (in catchline or text) and by " (b) Plans covered by subsection (a) shall and 1076{b) of this title, except those cov­ inserting in place thereof "1087". include provisions for payment by the pa­ ered by section 1072(2) (F) of this title. (2) Section 1074(b) 1s amended to read tient of the following amounts: "(2) A dependent of a member of a uni­ as follows: "(1) $25 for each admission to a hospital, formed service who died while on active duty "{b) Under joint regulations to be pre­ or the charge prescribed under section 1078 for a period of more than 30 days, except a scribed by the Secretary of Health, Education, (a) of this title multiplied by the number dependent covered by section 1072(2) (F) of and Welfare, a member or former member of of days of hospitalization, whichever amount this title. a uniformed service who is entitled to re­ is the greater. However, a person who is entitled to hospital tired or retainer pay, or equivalent pay may, "(2) 20 per centum of the charges for out­ insurance benefits under title I of the So­ upon request, be given medical and dental patient care, including supplies and services cial Security Amendments of 1965 (79 Stat. care in any fac111ty of any uniformed serv­ provided in copnection with that care. 286) is not eligible for health benefits under ice, subject to the availab111ty of space and "(c) The methods for making payment un­ this section, except for those benefits pro­ fac111ties and the capab111ties of the medical der subsection (b) shall be prescribed under vided by this section which are not otherwise and dental staff. The Secretary of Defense joint regulations issued by the Secretary of payable under the hospital and supplemen­ and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Defense and the Secretary of Health, Educa­ tary medical insurance programs authorized Welfare may, with the agreement of the Ad­ tion, and Welfare. by Seventy-ninth Statutes at Large, page 286. ministrator of Veterans' Affairs, provide care " (d) Under joint regulations to be pre­ "(c) No benefits shall be payable under to persons covered by this subsection in scribed by the Secretary of Defense and the any plan covered by this section in the case fac111ties operated by the Administrator and Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, of a person enrolled in any other insurance, determined by him to be available for this in the case of a child, as defined in section medical service, or health plan provided by 10308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966· law or through1employment, except for bene­ SJ:c. 2. This Act becomes effective July 1, The question was taken; and there fits not payable under the other plan. 1967. were-yeas 358, nays 0, not voting 74, as .. (d) A person: cove;-ed by this section may Mr. HEBERT (during the reading of follows: elect to receive benefits either in ( 1) Gov­ the bill). Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ [Roll No. 94] ernment facillties, under the conditions pre­ scribed in sections 1074 and 1076-1078 of this mous consent that further reading of YEAS 358 title, or (2) the facllities provided under a the bill be dispensed with, and that it be Abbitt Edwards, Ala. Kunkel plan contracted for under this section. How­ printed in the RECORD and be open for Adair Edwards, Calif. Kupferman Adams Edwards, La. Laird ever, under joint regulations issued by the amendment at any point. Addabbo Erlenborn · Landrum Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, Albert Evans, Colo-. Langen Health, Education, and Welfare, the right to it is so ordered. Anderson, Til. Everett Latta. make this election may be limited for those There was no objection. Anderson, Evins, Tenn. Lennon patrons residing in an area where adequate Tenn. Fallon Lipscomb facilities of the uniformed services are avail­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re­ Andrews, Farbstein Long, La. able. port the committee amendment. GeorgeW. Farnsley Long, Md. The Clerk read as follows: Andrews, Farnum Love "§ 1087. Programing facillties for certain N.Dak. Fascell McCarthy members, former members, and On page 5, line 11, after the comma, insert Annunzio Feighan McClory their dependents in construction the following language: "other than a child Arends Fino McCulloch projects of the uniformed services covered by section 1086(b) of this title,". Ashbrook Fisher McDowell Ashley Flood McFall "(a) Facilities for inpatient and outpa­ The committee amendment was agreed Ashmore Flynt McGrath tient care for persons covered by sections to. Aspinall Foley McMillan 1074(b) and 1076(b) · of this. title shall be Ayres Ford, Gerald R. McVicker programed in uniformed services construc­ AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. HEBERT Bandstra Ford, Macdonald tion projects in amounts to be determined Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, I offer Bates William D. MacGregor by the Secretary concerned. In making such an amendment. Battin Fountain Machen determinations he shall consider the teach­ Beckworth Friedel Mackay The Clerk read as follows: Belcher Fulton, Pa. Mackie ing and training requirements of the staff of Bell Fulton, Tenn. Mahon the facllity being programed and the avail­ Amendment offered by Mr. HEBERT: On page 10, line 11, strike "July 1, 1967" and Bennett Fuqua Marsh ability of inpatient and outpatient care in Berry Gallagher Martin, Ala.. civilian communities within one hour's travel substitute therefore "July 1, 1966". Betts Garmatz Martin, Mass. time of such facllity. The amendment was agreed to. Bingham Gathings Matsunaga "(b) Bed space. programed under the au­ Blatnik Gettys Matthews The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the Boggs Giaimo May thority of this section shall not be less than Committee rises. Bolling Gibbons Meeds 5 per centum of the bed space otherwise Bolton Gilbert Miller programed for the facility, except that under Accordingly, the Committee rose; and Bow Gilligan Mills special circumstances, as determined by the the Speaker having resumed the chair, Bray Gonzalez Mintsh Secretary concerned, the maximum per Mr. MuLTER, Chairman of the Commit­ Brooks Goodell Mink centum shall be 20. Broomfield Grabowski Minshall tee of the Whole House on the State of Brown, Calif. Green, Oreg. Mize " (c) Except as provided in subsection (b) , the Union reported that that Committee Brown, Clar- Green, Pa. Moeller the amount of inpatient and outpatient space having had under consideration the bill ence J., Jr. Greigg Moore programed under this section shall not be

THE TRICONTlNENTAL CONFERENCE-ITS TRAN­ have declared theiUSelves against Imperial­ set by Vietnam, the Dominican Republic, SCENDENTAL REVELATIONS ism [U.S.A.-Ed.] strengthening their mill­ and Cuba stimulate the fight of the Guate­ The tricontinental conference was officially taut friendship with the peoples of the so­ malan people.'' opened in Havana at 9 p.m. on January 3, cialist countries and the international work­ Peru's delegate, Garcia Urrutia, declared 1966. The setting was staged at the Am­ ers movement. • • • The coznmon action of on January 3: "The conference should con­ bassador's Room of the Havana-Hilton Hotel the Anti-Imperialist [anti-U.S.A.-Ed.] demn, without any doubt, the imperialist (owned by the Gastronomic Union Pension forces is extremely important in the present (U.S.A. Ed.), denounce it and give the mili­ Fund expropriated without compensation by international situation." Signed: Breznev tary support that the maximum solidarity the Communist regime) rebaptized "Havana and Kosygin. requires. • • • Peru is already ripe for the Libre." As a security measure the Hotel was From Red China: "Pekin, J.anuary 1, 1966. revolutionary process, all it needs now is the closed to the public from December 28, 1965, Solidarity Conference of the Peoples of Asia, subjective element." to January 16, 1966. Africa, and Latin America. In the name of Robert F. Williams (American Commu­ Source: Our radio monitoring service. the peoples and the Government of China, nist Negro fugitive who lives in Cuba since On January 7, the Havana Communist we send you hearty greetings and wish that 1962 and attended the conference as one of radio announced that the attendance at the the conference Inak·e a posttive contribution the visitors) said in Havana on January 6: conference was: to the strengthening of revolutionary solld.:ar­ "This is a conference of the greatest im­ ity of the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin Delegates ______---·- ______------_-_ 483 portance that unites under one common America, promote the fight against imperial­ cause the representatives of all the nations Observers------70 ism, colonialism and neocolonialism, headed in the common fight against imperialist Guests------~ ------81 by the U.S.A. [sic). Signed by Chou-En-lal, (U.S.A. Ed.) and against its attacks such as Newsmen __ ------·------119 Prime Minister of the Popular Republic of are being carried out in Vietnam." Total ______753 China. Source: Our radio monitoring service. Source: Our radio monitoring service. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE CONFERENCE In a meeting held by the delegation's Publisher's nOite.--Qbserve the ·almost iden­ presidents it was agreed to give the presi­ tical language used by the supposedly "arch­ A total of 32 resolutions were adopted, all dency of the conference to Cuba, represented enem1es"--8oviet Russia, the "good" Com­ promoting, helping, and assisting the lib­ by Raul Roa Garcia, Minister of Foreign munists, and Red China, the "bad" Com­ eration movements in the three continents Relations, and appoint Yusuf as-Sibai, from munists. and spurring the fight against U.S. imperial­ R.A.U., Secretary General. Three vice-presi­ ism. HIGHLIGHTS FROM STATEMENTS MADE BY DELE- The three most important ones were: dencies were created, one from each conti­ GATES ATTENDING THE TRICONTINENTAL nent: CONFERENCE 1. Creation of a tricontlnental (perma­ America-Venezuela, represented by Pedro nent) organization under the name of Shara! Rashidovich Rashidov, alternate "Solidarity Organization of the Peoples of Medina Silva, commander in chief of the member of the Presidium of the Central National Liberation Front (FALN). Africa, Asia, and Latin America:• Africa-Ghana, represented by John Committee of the Commun.lSit Party, U.S.S.R., 2. Creation of an executive secretariat, Tareaga. delegate from the Soviet Union. Havana, composed of 12 countries, 4 from each Asia-Vietnam, represented by Ngu Yen­ UPI, January 7, 1966. continent. "The Soviet Union is backing liberation Van Tien. 3. Creation of a committee to help and Source: Our radio monitoring service. movements in Venezuela, Guatemala, Peru, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Brit­ assist the national liberation movements. The opening speech was made by Cuba's In a private meeting the Latin American President Osvaldo Dortic6s, from which we ish, French and Dutch Gulanas." Further­ more, reports UPI, "the Russian delegate delegates resolved to create a permanent or­ excerpt: ganization, headquartered in Havana, under "In a peoples conference such as this, a asked the delegates of Asia, Africa, and Latin America to form a united front against the the name of "Organizaci6n Latino Ameri­ basic truth is obvious: the definite and total cana" (Latin American Organization) to give overcome of underdevelopment can only be common enemy, International Imperialism headed by the U.S.A. [sic). full aid and support to subversive movements obtained through the fight against Imperial­ in America and to promote them wherever ism [U.S.A.-Ed.] and its flnal and total The Cuban radio (monitored in Miami) quoted the U.S.S.R. Delegate Rashldov, as they do not exist. defeat. Source: Dally Bulletin of Prensa Latina, "At the inauguration of this conference follows: "The Delegate from U.S.S.R. empha­ sized the support given by the Soviet Union Havana. we can proclaim the proliferation of the Publisher's note.-This conflrms our con­ liberation movements and that, in the midst to wars of liberation, pointing out that they back the creation of an organization viction that the only cause of communism of difficulties, of difficult battles against the is the Communists, not poverty or any other powerful enemy, some nations have under­ of continental solidarity. Every year, be­ tween.3 and 10 of January, he said, the whole hoax invented by the Communists. It is taken the fight • • • other nations have high time the free world-particularly Unit­ obtained victory • • • and 1nany nations world should declare Solidarity Week with the Anti-Imperialist [anti-U.S.A.-Ed.J forces ed States of Amerlcar--realize what ·makes are preparing to fight. communism tick so that our efforts to com­ "In Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. • • • Furthermore, he stated (according to the Cu­ bat it be directed at the real enemy and not flght against Imperialism [U.S.A.-Ed.] and at faked enemies. · for the liberation of the people is a fight to ban radio) that the Soviet Union gives, and death. will continue to give, all kinds of help to EXCERPTS FROM FIDEL CASTRO'S CLOSING SPEECH "It is the responsibillty of the vanguard the Vietnamese people, including the most "Never before has there been such a large of the people in those countries (which can­ modern weapons. . We are doing our best so meeting. Because here have been.represented not win power by legal or pacific means) to that planes, rockets, artillery, munition and the peoples of three continents, the revolu­ create the subjective conditions for it other means reach· their hands as soon as tionary movements of the peoples of three (armed revolution) • • • wherever these do possible. That all people who fight against continents, who have a common antiimperial­ not exist. the Imperialist [U.S.A.-Ed.) can be sure that lstic position. Movements that represent the "It is the right and the duty of the people the U.S.S.R. wlll always give them ald." struggle of the peoples of different philo­ to respond to the Imperialists' [U.S.A.-Ed.] Publisher's note.-Notlce how "mellow," sophical ideas, of different religious beliefs, violence with armed revolutionary violence. "friendly," and "peace-loving" has turned but who have one thing in common, that "Cuba is a small country. We are just a the Soviet Union. which unites the peoples of the three con­ little more than 7 mllllon inhabitants. At Indonesia's delegate declared on January tinents and of all the world, the struggle the beginning of this conference we want to 6: "Against the Imperialist [U.S.A.-Ed.] against imperialism, the struggle against reiterate before you once more-and make it there are only two alternatives: To flnish it colonialism and neocolonialism, the struggle absolutely clear-that with whatever means up or be finished up by it.'' against racism, and all those phenomenons a.t our disposal and the unfailing fighting Ghana's delegate said January 6, 1966: that are the modern expression of what we energy of our people, as Fidel Castro has ex­ "Solidarity is the weapon of victory, she will should call imperialism the center or axis of pressed: 'Any revolutionary movement, in open the tomb for the Imperialist [U.S.A.­ which and its main support is: Yankee Im- a.ny part of the world, may count. on Cuba's Ed.].'' perialism [sic] . ' decided and unconditional support.' The Venezuelan delegate declared on Jan­ "In spite of the circumstances (shortage of "It is important to find now the common uary 7, 1966: "The looting carried out by time and the large number of delegates) a forms of expression and actions against the North-American Imperialists [sic) in my document (has been drawn) that, without Imperialist [U.S.A.-Ed.) enemy." country can only be remedied by stopping any doubt, is the deepest, the most exten­ Source: Our radio monitoring service. them by means of force being used now by sive and the most radical ever approved in the Venezuelan people." And added this a conference such as this one. ominous threat: "No North American ship "It is the first time that the representatives HIGHLIGHTS FROM MEsSAGES SENT TO will be safe in Venezuela's harbors as long of the Latin American people participated THE TRICONTINENTAL CONFERENCE as there is a blockade of Cuba." jointly with the people of Asia and Africa. From the Soviet Union: "The Soviets The delegate from Guatemala declared on Naturally, in the case of Latin America, the salute your conference with the flrm convic­ January 6: "The people cannot walt for the majority or almost all ·the representatives tion that it wlll further the untty of the common enemy (U.S.A. Ed.) to tumble down, were those of the movements that are fight­ great masses that in the three continents we have to fight together, and the example ing, or will fight, for their peoples' liberation. 10312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966 It is only our people (Cuba) who, in this in­ His principal works which have been pub­ developed during the 1930's and since 1939 stance, represent the one and only nation lished in England, "Bluebottle" and he has been writing fiction which he was totally liberated from Yankee Imperialism unable to publish in Russia. [sic] and is organized as a revolutionary "Ward 7 ," reflect those literary qualities Despairing of being heard in his own coun­ power. which for so long characterized the works try without foreign help, in 1960 he broke "We believe that this conference undoubt­ of a land once synonymous with the with the . party and the Union of Soviet edly holds a pla.ce in the history of the peo­ names of giants like Dostoyevsky and Writers and sent a manuscript abroad ples fight for liberation and in the history Tolstoy. through foreign publishers he had met by of the revolutionary movement. We also be­ The Soviet Government recently be­ chance. His book "The Bluebottle" appeared lieve that the solidarity ties that have been stowed a most unusual accolade on Mr. in England in 1962 and since then it has established amongst all the revolutionary Tarsis. That accolade reflects both the been published all over. movements in the world that carry the fight Shortly before his book came out, Mr. Tar­ against Imperialism [U.S.A.-Ed.], and the nobility of the author and the fear which sis, who had made no secret of having smug­ organizations that have been created will grips the heart of communism when it gled his manuscript out of the country, was unquestionably play a major role in the sup­ is faced with the passionate strength of put in a lunatic asylum in Moscow. In port, solidarity, and increase of the revolu­ only ·one individual who believes in and February 1963 his case was taken up by the tionary movement. is willing to fight for freedom. Western press as well as privately by prom­ "In spite of the mililtary and techni'cal Faced with the choice of allowing a inent Soviet writers, and soon afterward power of the Imperialists [U.S.A.-Ed.), the courageous and able author to continue he was released. united force of the re·volutionary nations He came out of the asylum with his spirit will unquestionably be far more powerful­ his attacks on the Soviet regime or of unbroken and more tham ever he determined Imperialism [U.S.A.-Ed.] will inevitably be imprisoning him and betraying their own to help Russians by exposing their govern­ defeated. tyranny, the Soviet leaders chose a way ment. He immediately wrote "Ward 7," the "We are a small country, very close to the out of their dilemma. They permitted story of his experience at the asylum and coasts of the Imperialist Metropolis [U.S.A.­ Tarsis to go on a trip to England and those of other political prisoners he met Ed.] Our weapons are defensive weapons once there, they stripped him of his So­ there. It was in fiction form, but scarcely but our men, our revolutionary militants, viet citizenship. disguised. wholeheartedly willing to fight against the He was particularly anxious to have "Ward Imperialists [U.S.A.-Ed.] in any part of the Thus they thought they could once and 7" published because, although the Soviet world. • • • But the world is big and the for all remove what for them is the Government claims that there are no po­ Imperialists [U.S.A.-Ed.] are everywhere; cancer of freedom. litical prisoners in the Soviet Union, the prac­ and for the Cuban revolutionaries, the battle­ In his speech yesterday, Tarsis vehe­ tice of putting troublesome citizens into in­ field against the Imperialists [U.S.A.-Ed.] mently attacked the Soviet system, but sane asylums seems to have become fairly reaches all over the world. That is the he did much more. His conviction, in­ widespread. The term of detention is in­ reason we say and proclaim, that the revo­ tensity, and humor caught those present definite. lutionary movements in any corner of the Early in 1966, in an astonishing lapse, the world can count on the Cuban combatants. in the grip of that emotion which gave Soviet Government granted Mr. Tarsis per­ The revolutionary nations have the right to rise to our Nation-a love of freedom. mission to travel to London, but shortly aid, even with their physical presence, those That emotion, as Mr. Tarsis so well con­ after his departure from Moscow he was who fight against Yankee Imperialism [sic]. veyed, is rooted in a rational under­ stripped of his Soviet citizenship. He is And if each one helps according to its own standing of the human soul and society making his first visit to the United States means, the Yankee Imperialists [sic] will be itself-in the idea of freedom. and we are delighted to have him at the defeated. National Press Club. "In Santo Domingo, Latin America will face Mr. Speaker, I want to take this op­ in the years to come, one of the most splendid portunity to thank the National Press STAIRWAY TO DISAPPOINTMENT fights. Santo Domingo, a small country, oc­ Club and its a:ble and distinguished pres­ (Address by Valeriy Tarsis at the National cupied by tens of thousands of Yankee sol­ ident, Windsor P. Booth, for inviting Mr. Press Club luncheon, Washington, D.C., diers, faces a long and hard struggle. The Tarsis to address the club. Yesterday's May 10, 1966) Dominican nation should not be the only one speech was but another example of the It probably will interest you to know who struggling against Yankee Imperialism [sic). reason why the Press Club's continuing I am. I must admit that this question in­ This struggle has already been unleased in series of speeches has assume:d such a trigues me, too. For several months now I Venezuela, Colo~bia, Peru, .and Guatemala. have traveled all over the world, making In Latin American there should not be one, vital role in the political and cultural life of Washington. Those who address risky, headspinning journeys through the two, or three nations fighting by themselves width and breadth of time and space. In against the Imperialists [U.S.A.-Ed.). The the Press Club know that they have an these perigrinations in many mirrors I saw strength of the Imperialists [U.S.A.-Ed.) in unparalleled opportunity to partake in vivid reflections of my soul and I am be­ this continent, the nearness of its metro­ the dialog that is at the heart of de­ wildered . .politan territory, and the zealousness with mocracy. They can approach the Na­ The soul of a Russian poet is broad and which they will try to defend its domination tional Press Club's rostrum knowing this impulsive. It is given to meditation and over this part of the world, demands in this because over the years the club's presi­ fantasy. It thrives in the air of freedom continent, more than anywhere else, a com­ and simply cannot exist without it. The mon strategy a.nd a common am.d simulta­ dents and officers have chosen, and to­ day, under President Booth, continue to poet's soul is unable to lie, nor can it be neous struggle. We do believe that in this creative without truth and justice. It is in continent, in all or almost all the coun­ choose a variety of speakers from all such atmosphere that I craved to live. tries, the struggle w111 assume the most vio­ walks of life who have a meaningful and It is only in the West, and especially in lent forms." memorable contribution to make to that America, that I realized with great sadness dialog. and horror that I have not been living be­ fore, just existing. I was suffocating in a VALERIY TARSIS-NOTED RUSSIAN Mr. Tarsis' speech and President Booth's introductory remarks follow: cell without light or air. Now my only con­ AUTHOR ADDRESSES NATIONAL solation and justification before God's judg­ PRESS CLUB INTRODUCTORY REMARKS OF WINDSOR P. ment and my own conscience is that I did BOOTH, PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL PREss not side with evil. I refused to submit to Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask CLUB the dictates of a ruthless government. I unanimous consent to extend my re­ Valeriy Y. Tarsis was born in Kiev in 1906. did not betray my ideals. marks at this point in the RECORD and His father was a storekeeper in Kiev who I grew up in a world that has been brutally include extraneous matter. hid arms for the revolutionaries in 1905 and deceived by cheats and oppressors. They The SPEAKER. Is there objection vanished under Stalin in the 1940's. duped and enslaved the people in the name to the request of the gentleman from Valeriy went to school in Kiev and to the of freedom and the brotherhood of men. University of Rostov-on-Don. He specialized Dazed and daunted the people were made to Florida? in Western languages and literature, worked follow their treacherous shepherds to no­ There was no objection. in a publishing house until 1937, wrote a where. Like a lost herd, blinded by foul Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, yesterday book on modern Western writers and some weather, one-third of the world population .afternoon I had the pleasure of attend­ short stories that were published in "Novy is driven by them today onto a slippery, ing a National Press Club luncheon at Mir." He has translated over 30 books into dangerous path along the very brink of a which the noted Russian author, Valeriy Russian. He WM twice severely wounded at precipice. I saw and understood the threat, Stalingrad. He married the niece of an air and I felt that I had to shout a warning to 'Tarsis, gave a most memorable speech. force general who was shot by Stalin in 1937. mankind. Mr. Tarsis has written some of the As an old member of the Union of Writers For this the Soviet Government labeled ·most interesting, creative, and stimulat­ and a resident of Moscow for more than 30 me a traitor, a criminal, and, finally, pro­ ·ing fiction that has come out of his na­ years, he has known most of the Soviet writ­ claimed me insane. Then it stripped me of tive Russia since the revolution of 1917. ers of his time. ms antiregime attitude my citizenship. May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10313 My life was not an easy one. I was not squarlng their shoulders in battle. They are the party at one's own choice is not an easy born With a silver spoon in my mouth. becoming ever more determined to shake off thing. For nearly a year I was summoned When I think of my early childhood, I smell the shackles of a half century of slavery. to different party departments for "negotia­ the stench of paraffin oil and onions. I grew Like a Phoenix rising from the ashes a free tions." Finally, a character, named Zaytsev, up in a petrol warehouse belonging to the Russian literature is slowly being born. It is brought me a document from the regional Nobel brothers, and a thin onion soup was not by accident, therefore, that the first lit­ committee which said that I was expelled the main daily meal at our table. Yet, even erary underground in post-Stalin Russia was from the party for behavior unworthy of a then I was full of dreams and illusions, and · named Phoenix. Communist. Again lies, again hypocrisy. I did not even suspect at that time that For 20-odd years I wrote and kept my works The party simply could not admit that any­ there could exist a stairway to disenchant­ 1n a trunk under lock, a-s did many of my body could of his free will part with this ment. friends, hoping that Stalin would die. At "illustrious" organization. Although my father was a humble store­ last that precious hour came. Khrushchev Then the Soviet "democrats" began to keeper, he, too, was a romantic dreamer. He replaced Stalin. The personality cult of the starve me. I was unable to get any job. traveled far into the kingdom of illusions. Georgian tyrant was replaced by the per­ My family and I were doomed to die of Unfortunately, his dreams led him away sonality cult of the Ukrainian boor. I hunger. Had I not been receiving aid from from God into the embrace of revolution. realized that one could no longer hope for a the West, I would have simply starved to Yet, this long-awaited revolution brought change. I reached a decision and sent my death. him only misery, a broken heart, and, finally, manuscripts abroad. Since then I was able Meanwhile, events developed quite dif­ death behind the barbed wire of a concen­ to experience on my own skin the workings of ferently from what the Soviet authorities tration camp. It is then that I began my the Soviet "democracy." would have liked. When I came out from descent down the stairway to disappoint­ One day the telephone rang in my apart­ the mental hospital there was only a hand­ ment. ment. At the other end of the line was the ful of young defiant literati. But when I Just before the outbreak of World War II, Secretary of the Party Committee of the left Russia there were hundreds of them. I considered writing an extensive literary Union of Soviet Writers, Sytin. This oily­ And thousands all over the country listened chronicle of Stalin's period. It was at this voiced, old hypocrite muttered: "Valeriy to them, applauded them, and followed point that the process of my rebirth became Y~kovlevich, we have decided to help you. them. final. When I looked around and saw the Come around Monday, at noon, to the party Russia is breeding the bards of revolu­ cruelty, beastiallty, corruption and lies committee and we shall talk about every­ tion. I am happy that I, together with my which-like a cobweb--enveloped Russia ever thing." friends, were the first swallows of an ap­ tighter and tighter, I felt I could no longer I arrived promptly at the appointed hour. proaching spring. A meeting I had not long follow the path of the kow-toWing, servile Sytin came out somewhat dazed to meet me ago with one of my friends from ward 7 Soviet writers. I felt a physical urge to face in the lobby. He stuttered and stammered. must surely be a prelude to something sig­ them all as an uncomprlsing foe. "You know, these comrades want to talk to nificant. I knew I had to tell the truth about those you. They also want to help you." One day my doorbell rang. I opened the terrible years, when millions of the best "Which comrades?" I asked. door. A tall young man stood in the dark people were suffering in jails and concen­ "Well, you know they are from the Com­ corridor. His answer to my questioning tration camps; when even children stopped mittee of State Security." glance was a wide smile, as if sun rays had smlling; when it seemed that the sun itself I looked at him with open disgust, while lighted his face. He threw his arms around will never shine over Russia again. The urge the thought :flashed through my mind, "So my neck. We talked of the days spent to­ to describe all this became obsessive, irresist­ it has finally come to this. I am in the claws gether in ward 7. We talked of our friends ible. I knew this was my duty under God. of the KGB. This is some help." and, of course, of the future of Russia. Then Almost a quarter of a century had passed. At that moment two men came out of the during a pause my friend said in his slightly A quarter of a century that paled the horrors office. One was tall and somewhat bald; the muffled voice: of the Inquisition. To think only that dur~ other-a small man with a protruding "Much of what you have said, there in the ing the bloody purges of 1937 more people paunch-was Mikhail Ivanovich Bardin, who ward, has reached our ears. I have not come died in 1 month, than throughout the whole all those years worked on my case. with empty hands. Many young people in 250 years of the Inquisition. A monstrous I was showered with accusations. I was my town share our ideas, and many of them machine of mass extermination was devel­ supposed to be guilty of all deadly sins, and are ready to fight." oped in the Soviet Union. Life turned into was threatened with being shot. At that Perhaps, I will best express the feelings hell. time none of my books had as yet been pub­ which animate the young generations in Then came the war. At its very begin­ lished abroad. Suddenly Bardin barked out Russia today, if I stop here to quote four ning people in Russia imagined that the Ger­ to me: "Your position is very grave. Should lines from a verse written by one of my young mans wished to fight only against commu­ one of your books appear in the West, we SMOGist friends. He, too, was locked up in nism, and many Russians met them with shall arrest you and you'll be tried with a mental institution. He, too, was perse­ bread and salt as liberators. But the Nazis utmost severity." cuted and proclaimed insane. came to conquer the Russian land. When The tall bald one began to shout at me. "We had scarcely opened our mouths, the people realized this, the whole nation But I was totally resigned. I was prepared Coughing quietly into our handkerchiefs: rose on its hind legs and chased the invaders to die, if need be. We have used up and ruined half of Russia. back to Berlin. I spent the war as a w·ar "You may shoot me," I said. "But what Let us now bury the Bolsheviks!" correspondent. I talked with hundreds of will you shoot? This stale hunk of human And now to conclude I wish to say this: soldiers and officers. And they all told me flesh-my body? But how about my soul, It is thanks to the reaction of world opinion, the same thing: They did not fight for Stalin. and my books? These you can never reach. to the men and women of the press, to the and communism. They fought for Russia, They are abroad, and very soon they will ap­ insistence of famous people-academicians, only for her. pear in many languages. So shoot me, if Nobel Prize winners, prominent writers and Since the war the people's discontent with you will, any time." philosophers, such as Lord Bertram Russell, the Communist system grew ever stronger The meeting, obviously, did not work out Arthur Miller, and many, many others that and stronger. In the recent years this re­ the way they wanted. Half an hour later I I owe my escape from the claws of Commu­ sistance expressed itself in mass riots, strikes, walked out from the Palace of the Soviet nist hangmen. For the sake of my brave and demonstrations: as in the riots of Novo­ Writers. I knew the die was cast. colleagues Sinyavsky and Daniel; for the sake cherkassk, Tbilisi, on the Donbass; as in the My friends in the West tried to persuade of the young sa.plings of Russia's literature, strikes which :flared up in Odessa, Moscow, me to have the "Bluebottle" published un­ the writers and poets of SMOG; for the sake Leningrad, and other cities; as in the demon­ der a pen name. I :flatly refused. I knew of all the Russian people; protest, protest, strations of youth last April and December; that in the battle of ideas one must fight protest. Do not give in. Insist, demand. as in the circulation of anti-Communist with an open visor. Moreover, it was impor­ The strong voice of protest is a great force. writings and clandestine magazines. t ant for me to show that not all Soviet writers It will bring closer the victory of freedom­ A semiclandestlne organization of young are servile cowards, that there still is gun­ loving men over the enslaving cohorts of poets, writers, and artists known as SMOG powder in the powder :flasks of the Russians. communism. works successfully in Russia toda y. The word Soon after the appearance of the "Blue­ God will help us. SMOG is composed of the initial letters of bottle" in London, I was arrested and shoved Russian words: Smelost' (courage) , Molo­ into a lunatic asylum. In my "Ward 7" I dost' (youth), Obraz (image), and Glubina described my experiences there. I can only (depth). SMOG is the vanguard of an 1m- add that my stay in the Kaschenko Mental PROGRESS IN SAFETY . mense number of nonconformists and break­ Hospital is for me one of the most treasured Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask ers of the Communist rules. The young peo­ pages of my biography. There, as in a mirror, unanimous consent to extend my re­ ple no longer want to tolerate the Commu­ I saw all Russia-my great and ill-fated marks at this point in the RECORD and nist tyranny and the fetters of Socialist motherland, upon whom the Communist vil­ realism, which is neither Socialist nor realist. lains have thrust an iron straightjacket. include extraneous matter. It is merely a collection of cliches for the When under pressure from the West I The SPEAKER. Is there objection literary sycophants of the regime to follow. was released from the mental institution, to the request of the gentleman from The Russian people are no longer taken in the first thing I did was to break with the Florida? by these falsiflca.tions. The people are now party and the writers' union. But to leave There was no objection. 10314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ~HOUSE May 11, 1966 Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I am position to the Maritime Safety Commit­ posed regulations would not become effec­ pleased to report the apparent success_ tee. The State Department, and partic­ tive before 1968, at the earliest. of the U.S. delegation to the Conference ularly Ambassador Averell Harriman, Consequently, the committee made a strong recommendation that member na­ of the Maritime Safety Committee of the and the Coast Guard, under the able and tions act to enforce the proposals immedi­ International Consultative Organiza­ distinguished Commandant E. J. Roland, ately, without w-aiting for the completion of tion-IMCO-in having the safety com­ should particularly be singled out for the long ratification procedure. mittee recommend stiffer fire prevention commendation. regulations for passenger ships operating The New York Times article to which The Washington Post article for May in international traffic. I referred follows: 11, 1966, follows: The Legal and Monetary Affairs Sub­ STIFF FIRE RULES ON SHIPS PROPOSED--IN­ SHIP LINES STUDY FIRE SAFETY . PLAN committee of the House Committee on TERNATIONAL UNIT REQUESTS STEEL DECKS (By Karl E. Meyer) Government Operations, of which I am ON VESSELS LoNDON, May 10.-Britain's Cunard Steam­ chairman, has been conducting studies (By Joseph Lelyveld) ship Co., the world's biggest passenger line, of the practices and procedures of the LONDON, May 10.-Responding to pressure was among shipping firms giving intense U.S. Coast Guard in the examination of from the United States, an international study tonight to new fire safety recommen- committee recommended today a stlfi'en1ng . dations that could involve costly structural foreign passenger vessels. The foreign changes as a condition of access to American passenger ships which sail from the of maritime fire-prevention regulations that would put potential Yarmouth Castles out of ports. United States, with American passengers, business. The recommendations were offered by the are examined by the Coast Guard. It was the burning Of the 30-year-old 12-member Maritime Safety Committee of the However, the fire safety requirements cruise ship of that name in the Bahamas last 'International Maritime Consultative Organi­ of these foreign-flag ships are prescribed November, with the loss of 90 lives, that pro­ zation which concluded a weeklong meeting by ·a 60-nation convention, to which the duced the American dete'I'mination to ob­ here today. United States is a party. The standards tain a change in the rules. The committee met following rising con­ The ship was owned by a Oanadian, who cern over maritime safety stemming from sea of the Convention and of other nations disasters in the past few years. A measure of which are parties to it, generally are not used U.S. ports and carried Ame.rtcan passen­ gers, but, because it was registered in Pana­ American concern in revising safety stand­ nearly as exacting as those which the ma, the Coast Guard was powerless to make ards was the appearance here of roving Am­ United States imposes on its passenger it correct obvious safety hazards. 'fhat was bassador Averell Harriman as committee de­ ships. because the Safety of Life at Sea Convention, liberations began. The absence of stringent requirements last revised in 1960, permitted the registering In unanimously adopted recommendations, the committee urged a reduction of combus­ in the Safety of Life at Sea Convention nations to exempt ships built before 1948 tible materials in older ships as well as more for removal of many fire hazards may be from its more severe requirements. firefighting equipment and escape routes. said to have accounted for the burning DROPPING ESCAPE CLAUSE These recommendations for tightening the of the SS Yarmouth Castle last fai( with If the changes advanced today by the 14- 1960 Maritime Safety Convention will go be­ the loss of 90 American lives. nation Maritime Sa'.fety Committee are rati­ fore a meeting of the 45-member IMCO in The United States has long sought to fied that escape clause will be dropped. The London next December. improve the safety standards require­ group is one of the arms of the Intergovern­ The American Government's concern over mental Maritime Consultative Organization, maritime safety derives from the sea disaster ments of the Safety of Life at Sea Con­ last November involving the Yarmouth Yarmouth Castle a: United Nations Agency to which 60 nations ventions. The disaster, belong. Castle, in which 90 persons were dead or miss­ followed by the burning of the SS Viking The regulation that would probably do the ing, and the Laconia disaster in December· Princess, gave added impetus to its· ef­ most to put ships of the Yarmouth Castle's 1963, in which the toll was 125 persons. forts, and reportedly, the efforts are age--it was built in 1927-out of operation is The Laconia was under the Greek fiag and meeting with considerable initial success. the requirement that their decks be made of sailing in the Atlantic and the Yarmouth The Washington Post and the New an incombustible material. The Yarmouth Castle was .under the Panamanian fiag in the York Times of this morning indicate Castle had wooden decks. Maritime experts Caribbean. A third tragedy involved a Nor­ that the Maritime Safety Committee­ said rebuilding would not make economic wegian vessel, the Viking Princess, in which sense for a ship of her age. two persons died of heart attacks during a IMCO-in London yesterday recom­ other proposed regulations concern the ship fire. mended such tightening of international positioning of fireproof · bulkheads dividing Cunard ships, including the stately Queen fire safety maritime regulations that, if the ship vertically into zones, the enclosure Elizabeth and Queen Mary, have wooden adopted, some of the older ships consid­ of stairways, the location of fire doors, and decks and cabin fittings. A spokesman for ered dangerous fire hazards may be the maintenance of ventilation and alarm Cunard lines said that in 125 years there had forced out of service, and all others will systems. All of these ·have been standard not been a single fatal accident due to fire. be brought up to higher standards of in international maritime law for years, but Cunard ships have a sprinkler system that safety. mandatory only for ships built after 1948. is highly rated as a fire safety precaution. A In addition, the committee, which met spokesman for the line said the anxiously The Maritime Safety Committee's rec­ here for a week, recommended that fire awaited committee recommendations would ommendations would require that decks pumps be maintained with water pressure be given immediate scrutiny by Cunard to see of passenger vessels be made of incom­ instantly available outside the engine rooms. what changes might be needed in the line's fieet. bustible material, and much of the bulk­ FIRE IN ENGINE ROOM heading would have to be of fireproof materials. Greater firefighting equip­ This suggestion grew out of a study of the fire on a Norwegian cruise liner, the Viking HALT AMERICAN FINANCif'\L AID TO ment and fire escape regulations would Princess, which burned in the Caribbean last be imposed. The full and exact text of month. Because that vessel's engine room CUBA AND OTHER COMMUNIST the recommendations will be submitted was its only source of water pressure, fire­ NATIONS THROUGH THE UNITED to the governments involved through dip­ fighting equipment was rendered useless NATIONS lomatic channels. when the blaze started there. The recommendations are to be sub­ The American eagerness for a revision of Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask mitted for consideration by a special as­ the convention was intensified by bills now unanimous consent to address the House sembly of IMCO, expected to be held in before Congress that would require unilateral for 1 minute and to revise and extend action by the United States to enforce its my remarks. London in December of this year. The own· rigorous safety code on all cruise ships recommendations themselves probably sailing from American ports, whatever their The SPEAKER.' Is there objection could not be ratified and put into effect registration. to the request of the gentleman from before 1968. To underscore its concern, the United Alabama? The Congress and the American pub­ States sent a strong delegation to the Con­ There was no objection. lic, and particularly the potential pas­ ference. It was led by the Commandant of Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, it is a sengers on cruise ships owe a debt of the Coast Guard, Adm. Edwin J. Roland, and matter of growing concern to the Ameri­ the opening presentation was made by W. can people to learn that tax funds paid gratitude to President Johnson, for his Averell Harriman, Ambassador at Large. leadership in calling for the taking of The draft amendments to the safety con­ by our citizens are being diverted through -measures to assure safety of American vention will be presented to a special assem­ our funding of the United Nations into passengers on the high seas. I believe bly of the Intergovernmental Maritime Con­ projects which not only aid Communist also that that gratitude should extend to sultative Organization, which will probably countries, but even go so far as to provide those who so ably presented America's be held here in December. But the pro- funds to be used for the training of May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10315 Communist youths in electronics, radar, Post Offi.ce Department in lobbying for What you are undoubtedly unaware of 1s and military communications. H.R. 14904, a bill to revise· parcel post that postmasters and postal employees throughout the country are clearly involved The United Nations under the United rates and increase the size and rate of in a concerted lobbying etiort in support of Nations development program has pro­ parcels that could be carried through the H.R. 14904. ' posed that the United Nations Special postal system. May I point out the . In my opinion, this parcel post b111 there­ Fund spend more than $2 million in C~ba prohibition against officials of the execu­ fore becomes secondary to the need to pro­ for the specific purpose of expanding the tive branch lobbying with appropriated tect your personal reputation. You have a facilities for training engineers and money· and that the Post omce Depart­ well-deserved reputation for personal integ­ architects at the University of Havana, ment is encouraging its postmasters and rity, and certainly you would not deliberate­ employee groups throughout the country ly instigate this very questionable procedure which will include training in electronics, which your subordinates in the Post Offtce radar, and military communications. to pressure Congress for the passage of Department seem to be following. Unless action is taken to prevent it, this bill. Trusting that you are relishing the great some 1,240,000 of American taxpayer I also question whether Postmaster challenges which are yours and that you are dollars will be expended in this program. General O'Brien is aware of this illegal retaining your good humor under the great It has been reported by reliable sources and possibly criminal offense by mem­ pressures of your offtce, I remain, that the technical branch of the Univer­ bers of the Post Office Department, since Very sincerely yours, sity of Havana is headed by Russian and as a relatively new official, he is not as EDWARD J. DERWINSKI, Cuban military personnel. Students yet in complete control of his Depart­ Member of Congress. who will receive training at the univer­ ment. The bill to which I refer was sity to become specialists in radar, elec­ slipped through the House Post Offi.ce SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY tronics, and related fields must, accord­ Postal Rates Subcommittee last week FOWLER EXPLAINS ADMINISTRA­ ing to reports, either be members of the and is scheduled to be rushed through Communist Party or in the Cuban army. the full House Post Offi.ce Committee TION'S EXPENDITURE CONTROL This is a serious situation when our tomorrow, Thursday, May 12. POLICY young men are being sent to Vietnam I am calling this to the attention of Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask to face the Communist enemy in combat, the Members and am also alerting Post­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ while American tax dollars are to be master General O'Brien to the very em­ marks at this point in the RECORD and spent in a training program in Cuba barrassing possibilities in this case. include extraneous matter. which may train missile operators and Postmaster General O'Brien has a well­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection others who may one day use the skills and deserved reputation for personal integ­ to the request of the gentleman from knowledge they have acquired in some rity and certainly he would not delib­ Texas? future action directed against the United erately instigate this very questionable There was no objection. States. procedure which the Post Offi.ce Depart­ Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, a re­ It is for this reason I have introduced ment seems to be following. cent speech by ·the Secretary of the today a bill to provide that the United May I quote the law which expressly Treasury, Henry H. Fowler, has come to States shall make no payments or con­ forbids that money appropriated by my attention. With all the clamor raised tributions to the United Nations for fur­ Congress ''be used directly or indirectly on the minority side of the aisle on nishing assistance to Communist coun­ to pay for any personal service, adver­ budget management and budget cutting, tries. In addition to Cuba, Communist tisement, telegram, telephone, letter, I suggest that they read Secretary and Communist-dominated nations com­ printed or written matter, or other de­ Fowler's careful description of the Fed­ ing under the provision of the bill would vice, intended or designed to influence in eral expenditure control policy. include the Soviet Union, Albania, Bul­ any manner a Member of Congress, to We all know, Mr. Speaker, the spec­ garia, Red China, Czechoslovakia, East favor or oppose, by vote or otherwise, tacular success of our 6 years of eco­ Germany, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, any legislation or appropriation by nomic boom. This could not have been Lithuania, North Korea, North Viet­ Congress." accomplished without the active coopera­ nam, Outer Mongolia, Pol,and, Rumania, Mr. Speaker, the volume of inspired tion and stimulation of the Federal Tibet, and Yugoslavia. mail on the subject and the outbreak of Government. Speaking before the Apple­ It does not make sense to fight a war properly timed press interviews by post­ ton, Wis., Chamber of Commerce on in Vietnam to combat communism masters across the country are an index April 21, 1966, Secretary Fowler outlines abroad, to see daily mounting casualty of Post omce Department action. the importance that budget control and lists, and to constantly combat Com­ Therefore, this parcel post bill -itself analysis play as -an adjunct to our fiscal munist subversion within our own Na­ has become a secondary issue to the rep­ policy. Excluding the Vietnam costs, tion, and at the same time, through the utation of Postmaster General O'Brien. President Johnson has held the adminis­ United Nations, contribute American tax He may well be the victim of overzealous trative budget to less than $1 billion over dollars for the use of the Communist and illegal activity on the part of his the amount originally estimated for the enemy abroad. subordinates. fiscal year in which he assumed omce. It is time the United States takes firm, It is my intention in presenting this careful determination of priorities and positive, and effective action to halt matter before the House to alert the goals, the use of up-to-date cost-benefit American financial aid to Communist Members and the Postmaster General to ,analysis, and the constant and close and Communist-dominated countries the diabolical nature of this illicit Post analysis of individual programs and ac­ through the United Nations, and the bill Offi.ce Department lobbying so that we tivities are the tools for the administra­ I have introduced is a step in this direc­ can spare our great Postmaster General tion's expenditure control policy. tion. from the embarrassing and disturbing Mr. Speaker, I commend Secretary I earnestly request the serious consid­ consequences that might follow. Fowler's excellent remarks, to the read­ eration of the Members of the Congress ers of the RECORD, as follows: this proposed legislation. I include a copy of my letter to Mr. to O'Brien: REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE HENRY H. FoWLER Both as Under Secretary of the Treasury CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, and now as Secretary I have tried to make it HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, a practice, in dealing with the great economic POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT Washington, D.C., May 11, 1966. LOBBYING issues that have come before the Nation, to Hon. LAWRENCE F. O'BRIEN, do all I can to avoid the paths of narrow Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask Postmaster General, partisanship and, instead, to help open new unanimous consent to address the House Post Office Department, and broader avenues for bipartisan coopera­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend Washington, D.O. tion in achieving national economic objec­ DEAR LARRY: It is my grave concern that tives on which there is general agreement. my remarks. you may well be the victim of overzealous The SPEAKER. Is there objection So I feel that by being here tonight in and 1llegal activity on the part of your sub­ Appleton, where I have been told one can to the request of the gentleman from ordinates, and this letter is intended to alert stand on the main street corner for weeks Dlinois? you to this possib111ty. and never catch sight of a Democrat, I am There was no objection. As ·you know, there 1s a prohibition carrying on the good work. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I against offtcials of the executive branch Indeed, it has been my pleasure and priv­ question _the actions of omcials of the lobbying with appropriated money. ilege during my years at Treasury to wQrk 10316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966 very closely with distinguished Wisconsin reports o! our companies and corporations, tional need to raise our entire level of defense representatives in Washington-men of dif­ in the fuller pay envelopes of our wage preparedness; there was, as well, the prospect ferent political persuasions who have played earners, in the higher standard of living en­ of sizable increases in expenditures for ex­ large roles in shaping the important national joyed by nearly all Americans. panding and accelerating our space program; economic and financial legislation enacted in I come to discuss a far less familiar, if and there was, inevitably, the rising cost o! ,recent years--Congressman JoHN BYRNES, extremely important, accomplishment of financing our national debt. who is the ranking minority member of the the past 5 years-the quiet but crucial revo­ Over the first few years, therefore, we ;House Ways and Means Coinm.ittee, and lution that has occurred in Federal expendi­ could not seek overall reductions in these Senator WILLIAM PRoXMIRE, who is a member ture control policy. areas of the budget, but we could-and the of the Joint Economic COmmittee of the There has been intensive public discus­ record reveals that we did--cut back on the Congress as well as of the Senate Banking sion of the part that tax policy can play rate of growth in all other expenditures of and Currency COmmittee, and Congressman in stimulating or restraining economic ac­ our budget. HENRY REUss, who is a member of the Joint tivity. Indeed, I think it impossible to over­ In the fiscal 1961-64 period, for example, Economic Committee and the House Bank­ estimate how far the tax discussion and tax Federal expenditures other than those for ing and Currency Committee. action of these past years has advanced our defense, space, and interest on the national I know that this informed audience is ability to forge a flexible and effective eco­ debt rose by some $4.3 billion, or by under thoroughly familiar with this economic and nomic policy. 18 percent--while over the previous 3-year financial legislation of the past 5 years-as But in our intense concern with tax policy, period, fiscal 1958--61, under an administra­ well as with tb,e policies of which they were we have tended to give very little emphasis tion that prided itself on fiscal prudence, so integral a part and with the unparalleled to another aspect of fiscal policy which has expenditures in these same areas grew by al­ economic progress to which they gave so also emerged during these years-! refer to most $4.9 billion, or by over 25 percent. great an ilnpetus. expenditure control policy. At the same time, we moved ahead with But engrossed as we all are with the im­ Of course, the utilization of increased Gov­ the first phase of our overall program of tax perative present need to avoid the danger ernment expenditures as a means of dealing reduction-taking two significent steps to of economic excess, we may sometimes tend with a recession or a lagging economy has spur new and more productive business in­ to forget how deeply we were mired, 5 years been one of the most discussed aspects of vestment without entailing any large loss ago, in economic doldrums and how difficult economic policies over the years since the of Federal revenues. These were the Rev­ was the task that lay ahead. great d~pression. I will plow over that enue Act of 1962, whose key provision was The decade of the sixties-the "soaring old ground here, although it still has im­ the 7-percent investment tax credit, and the sixties" some had predicted-had scarcely portant relevance to the future. administrative liberalization of depreciation. begun when we fell into our fourth postwar The new and more novel aspect of ex­ It was during the weeks and months of recession. We looked back upon the decade penditure policy which deserves increas­ effort that went into shaping the Revenue of the fifties and saw little to fire our hopes ing examination is public expenditure con­ Act of 1962-a joint effort exerted by both for the future. To look back, in fact, was trol as an adjunct of fiscal policy. In at the administration and the Congress-that only to become painfully aware that each of least two important and identifiable ways, the notion of coupling any massive program the three prior recessions had been followed which I will discuss in the course of this of tax reduction with a rigorous program by shorter and weaker recoveries, and that talk, the control of public expenditures can of expenditure restraint began to come into the previous recession had produced what play an important role in stimulating eco­ clearer and clearer focus. Indeed, I well still remains the largest peacetime budget nomic growth without inflation or in re­ remember the sometimes lengthy colloquies deficit in our history. Unemployment was strait;J.ing excessively exuberant growth when on this subject between myself and other intolerably high~.9 percent in February inflation threatens. members of the administration and Mem­ 1961, the recession trough. Business invest­ And I will also, of course, discuss the al­ ·bers of Congress of both parties-including ment had for years failed to maintain any­ ways important and basic objective of utiliz­ Chairman MILLS, Congressman BYRNES, and thing like adequate levels of growth, and ing improved and more effective methods of Congressman CuRTIS of Missouri-during dis­ remained far less t~an we needed to generate public expenditure control to give the tax­ cussiom; on the Revenue Act of 1962. more vigorous economic growth-industrial payer a 100 cents value on every tax dollar Thus, in proposing the tax program which plant and equipment, in February 1961, was expended and to assure that the public needs found final form in the Revenue Act of 1964, operating at only 78 percent of capacity, being served by that tax dollar are those President Kennedy pledged-and I quote-­ compared to the optimum rate of 92 percent which deserve the highest priority a.nd re­ that: "As the economy climbs toward full desired by most businessmen. sult in the greatest benefits. In this sense, employment, a substantial part of the tax The question before us was how best to expenditure control is a continuing and pri­ revenue thereby generated will be applied to­ revive our economy and restore its capacity mary responsib111ty of Government. ward a reduction in the Federal deficit." for strong and sustainable growth. We had Both from the increasing recognition of the In all of my advocacy of that tax reduc­ essentially two choices: whether to increase importance of assuring stable and sustain­ tion measure, I too tried to make clear that Government expenditures or to reduce able growth in the economy with reasonable the policy proposeall in the same boat? personal get-togethers and for the exchange avoided. Businessmen worry about how Government The dealings between business and Gov­ of views that comes about by personal people regard them. meetings. ernment are sometimes at arm's length-by Do Government people know there are letter, by telegram, by press release, or by There is need for unswerving faith and those that do their best to be pristine, those a universal belief in the private enterprise other means-when they should be direct­ who are semipristine, and the few that are person to person. method for operating our economic machin­ the opposite? ery. On occasion there have been some pretty The man in successful commerce works rugged atta.cks on business. There's nothing Much of the shakiness on the part of hard, he is proud of his achievements and the businessman comes about through the wrong with these attacks when they're fully he doesn't want to be downrated. He doesn't thought out and justified, but sometimes fear that we are drifting more and more in want to be painted with a brush that ought the socialistic direction. they're of the "shoot from the hip" type. to paint only the blackguards black. It has been my experience that the vast We need adherence to the law by busi­ Anyone who is trying to do his job well ness (we have it in the main but not al­ majority of Government people--especially tends to wince or cringe whenever he reads those in the career jobs--are dedicated and ways). of a business cheat or an inept action or We need a·government that is objective. skilled. By the same token most business­ stupid statement by a business leader. men are patriotic and proud of their coun­ economical and guided by principles (again Business is sometimes talked about as we have it in the main but not always). try. Nevertheless most people in business though it were somewhat monolithic or uni­ believe there is a small hard core of people­ Why there must be full cooperation and form, but it is far from that. Business has understanding between government and a few in Government, some in the academic mostly good actors but some medium and a world, and even a few in business--who are business and for that matter, between all few bad actors-we run the whole gamut facets of our society. dedicated to remaking the American system from fairly pure to almost impure. In any to provide for a far higher degree of cen­ group meeting of businessmen, opinions run The world is erupting into a conscious­ tralized control. There are those who want from A to Z. The lack of uniform thinking ness of the great economic gains possible by czars to regulate industry. There are those is remarkably uniform. means of the economic system practiced by who want the ut111ties to be taken over by This is the reason that when there is a the leaders of the free world. In the United the Government-to curb the powers of slashing attack on business generally or on States, the leader of those leaders, we have States, counties, and cities and concentrate an industry in toto, it usually is unfair to the job of assisting a good part of the world that power in one place. There are those the high majority. to lift themselves to higher living stand­ who want to dictate how packages are to be Now before I talk about how I would hope ards. designed, how pension funds are to be in­ Government would look on business, I want This is going to take a tremendous lot of vested, how automobiles are to be built, and to give a few recent examples to show that work by business, Government and our on and on. businessmen can and do exhibit a remark­ schools. The underdeveloped countries must I'm not talking here about laws that spell able patriotism when their President tells lift themselves up but in many cases they out specific rules and regulations. I'm talk­ them the chips are down and an emergency need our .technical assistance. We ought to ing about laws and bureau decrees that give must be met-balance of payments; guide­ give it to them when asked. discretionary power to a central Government lines; and, at present, only essential capital This assistance to the underdeveloped figure-a kind of economic czar of some seg­ expenditures-the practice of frugality. parts of the world can best be carried on ment of industry. How we would like Government people to by a cooperative effort of our Government, You'd think the difficulties of Soviet Rus­ look on business--recognize, believe, and our schools and our businesses working with sia in centralized government control would preach the fact that the private enterprise their counterparts in other lands. be enough of a lesson, but I guess some peo­ system is the motive power that drives the The development of the poorer countries ple never learn. economy forward. Business accounts for will not come through some centralized gov-­ "The American Revolution was fought, over 80 percent of the gross national product. ernment control of the Communist type but primarily, not for political reasons but for Just think of it: the United States has 6 through the multifarious efforts of a vast the right to grow, manufacture, buy, and sell percent of world population, 7 percent of the number of native private individuals and things without interference from the British area, 28 percent of the world's national in­ native private enterprises aided and abetted Crown. The goal was economic freedom and, come, 55 percent of the motor vehicles, 50 by the native governments and by the tech­ when attained, the results were almost percent of the phones, and, 35 percent of nical assistance of the schools, governments miraculous." electric energy. and businesses of the countries that are able Businessmen, in the main, do not fear en­ . Business has been responsible for-a ma­ and willing to lend a hand. forcement of laws. Laws should be obeyed, jority of technical advances, virtually all con­ I happen to think that this very practical and when not obeyed, the disobeyers ought sumer product advances, and much of the approach is going to be used and that this to be apprehended and punished. scientific advances of this country in non- country of ours has a magnificent future. 10320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 11, 1966 MRS. HENRY EPSTEIN, A SPffiiTED capacity she often went to Washington, The SPEAKER. Is there objection POLITICAL ACTIVIST AND CIVIC ::,where her outbursts in defense of New York to the request of the gentleman from LEADER ·..... labor caused one observer to remark, "My Ohio? f:" dear Mrs. Epstein, you have the greatest There was no objection. Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- .:·capacity for indignation I have ever en­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, those mons consent to extend my remarks at countered." who are familiar with the background of this point in the RECORD and include ex- : .) EMOTIONAL PERSONALITY the fall of Nationalist China in 1949 re­ traneous matter. . ·~ l She was as quickly moved to tears as to member all too well the important part The SPEAKER. Is there objection anger. "A perfectly turned phrase or a played by the well-coordinated propa­ to the request of the gentleman from beautiful piece of music can bring tears to New York? my eyes. I practically have a pail next to ganda machine in the United States There was no objection. me," she once said. which sold the American public the idea Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, when Mrs. As labor relations secretary to Mayor La that the Chinese Reds were agrarian re­ Guardia, Mrs. Epstein was in the thick of formers. Henry Epstein died on April 29, New many major labor disputes. She helped to Beginning in 1938 with the first edi­ York lost a spirited political activist and medtate the citywide bus strike of March tion of "Red Star Over China," by Edgar civic leader. 1941. A year before, she had been active in Snow, books and favorable book reviews Ethel Steuer Epstein was equally fa- settling the coal deliverers' strike, which mous as the labor secretary to the late reached serious proportions when many espoused the cause of the Red Chinese Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and a founder dwelllngs were without. heat for several days and castigated Chiang Kai-shek. From that time until the fall of China, the f N in January. O the ew York S tudi O School. Mrs. Epstein's departure from her city American people were bombarded with Observing her emotional defense of post on the eve of the 1942 election came works by pro-Communist oriental experts New York labor, one colleague was moved about with publicly expressed bitterness on who had a virtual monopoly on the book to remark: both her part and that of Mayor La Guardda. reviewing in the most influential publica­ My dear Mrs. Epstein, you have the great- She said that she had been dismissed only est capacity for indignation I have ever en- .a short time after having received a salary tions. These authors reviewed each countered. raise. Mayor La Guardia would say only that others books favorably, while at the same he insisted on political loyalty within his time severely criticizing books not favor­ But she was equally moved by a fine administration. able to the Red Chinese cause. piece of music. "A perfectly turned Mrs. Epstein was as much an individualist A degree of responsibility certainly can phrase or a beautiful piece of music can in her political affiliations as in her civic ac­ be attributed to these propagandists for bring tears to my eyes," she once said. tivities. Although her father, husband and the fall of Ch1.r\a in 1949 with its conse­ Mrs. Epstein, whose husband, the late brother were active and influential Demo­ quent slaughter of millions of Chinese crats in New York politics, Mrs. Epstein was State Supreme Court Justice Henry Ep­ first a Socialist and then a member of the people plus the loss of thousands of Amer­ stein, father and brother were all active American Labor Party. Upon leaving the ican soldiers' lives in Korea in the early and prominent Democrats, was an in­ labor department office she became chair­ 1950's, the rape of Tibet in 1959, and our fluential and independent political per­ man of Americans for Democratic Action. present confrontation with a Red Chi­ sonality in her own right. Throughout As for her widespread civic activities, she nese regime which has just set off its her career she made a monumental con­ explained them by saying, "Anybody with third atomic bomb. tribution to the cause of good govern­ the tremendous breaks I've had has certain Now, for the second time, a major ment and liberal politics. Her voice and responsib111ties to others." propaganda effort is in full swing to again pen were always available to advance the SERVED WAR LABOR BOARD sell the American people on the merits of highest ideals of our democracy. Mrs. Epstein was a public member of the the Red Chinese. This time the product Mr. Speaker, Ethel Epstein will be War Labor Board, New York City district, in is the admission of Red China to the missed by all New Yorkers. I extend my World War II. She was active in 1949 as United Nations and diplomatic recogni­ one of an advisory group for the establish­ deepest sympathy to the members of her ment of a child guidance center to combat tion by the United States. family, her two sons, Alan S. Emory and delinquency in the West Harlem-Manhattan­ The Washington Report of the Ameri­ Eric S. Emory, and her daughter, Mrs. ville area. can Security Council for April 4, 1966, Arthur Naitove. An enthusiastic collector of art, she was details one such effort by Felix Greene~ The New York Times obituary of April a member of the board of the Washington an apologist for Red China since 1957. 29, 1966, follows: Gallery of Modern Art. The author. of a book on China, and MRs. EPSTEIN DIES; LA GUARDIA Am-LABOR Mrs. Epstein was a tireless writer of let­ equipped with a film on that country, SECRETARY WAS 66; DAUGHTER OF MAX ters to newspaper editors, her subjects rang­ Greene is traveling throughout the STEUER ing from taxes on church real estate to help­ ful hints for good employer-servant rela­ United States, seeking to sell his product Mrs. Ethel Steuer Epstein, widow of State tions. After a series of c.onferences with to the uninformed. Supreme Court Justice Henry Epstein and her own servants, she agreed to reduce their As forewarned is forearmed, I include a daughter of the late Max D. Steuer, the work hours and regulate their days off. She the article, "Red China, Greene's noted lawyer, died Wednesday of a heart described the negotiations step by step in attack in her apartment at 880 Fifth Ave­ 'China'," in the RECORD at this point: a letter to an editor. RED C1UNA, GREENE'S "CHINA" nue. She was 66 years old. Mrs. Epstein, who was born here, was grad­ Mrs. Epstein !].ad not been ill but had uated from Goucher College in Baltimore, of (By De Witt Copp) been devoting much time as head of the which she was a trustee. She later trained A recent Gallup poll indicated that if the tax committee of the Women's City Club, as a psychiatric social worker at the New American people had their say, they would for which she recently delivered a tax report York School of Social Work. In 1938 she vote down the admission of Red China into and recommendation to Mayor Lindsay. She entered the city's employ in the Department the United Nations by an overwhelming 3 had also been occupied with duties connected of Welfare. to 1 majority. This is so despite the fact with the New York Studio School, of which She leaves two sons, Alan S. Emory of that for over a year a concentrated campaign she was a founder. Falls Church, Va., and Eric S. Emory of has been going on throughout the United Mrs. Epstein was perhaps best known as Scarsdale, N.Y.; her mother, Mrs. Bertha States not only to bring about a reversal of labor secretary to the late Mayor Fiorello Popkin Steuer; a brother, State Supreme present policy by our Government, but also H. La Guardia for several years until 1942. Court Justice Aron Steuer; a sister, Mrs. Al­ to convince the American public that we Her connection with the La Guardia ad­ fred M. Lindau, and 11 grandchildren. should seek to establish diplomatic relations ministration almost terminated before it The funeral service will be private. The with Peking. Some of the key proponents of began. She had been recommended to the time and place of a memorial service will this theory have recently stated their views mayor as an assistant to the executive direc­ be announced. before the Senate Foreign Relations Commit­ tor of the department of welfare. "The tee. However, it is through lectures, books mayor didn't want that," Mrs. Epstein ex­ and films that the main thrust of the cam­ plained. "You see, he and my father were paign is being directed. political enemies and the mayor thought BEWARE GREENE'S NOT SO JOLLY One who is in the forefront of this cam­ lt might not be wise to appoint me for GIANT paign is Mr. Felix Greene, a British citizen that reason, but he did." with permanent residence status in the She rapidly assumed more duties until Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask United States. For nearly a decade, Mr. finally she became a liaison officer between unanimous consent to extend my re­ Greene has been waxing diligently in Mao the mayor and the city's department of labor marks at this point in the RECORD and Tse-tung's behalf. His most recent visual and then head of that department. In that include extraneous matter. effort is a 65-minute color film entitled May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10321 .. China," which is presently being shown in In September 1963, Felix Greene made his beauty observed in Taipei. The Commu­ theaters across the country. Its distributors third pilgrimage to Communist China. This nists did not invent the dance. Nor did hope to make it available for school showing time he returned with 100,000 feet of 16- they invent architecture and engineering, al­ in the not-too-distant future. millimeter film, notes for a new book on the though the film makes much of a Peking Many people who have seen the picture same theme (published in 1964), and another theater which seats 10,000. It reminded consider Felix Greene's "China" a stunning interview with Chou En-lai slated for sale to this reporter of a theater seating 3,000 in piece of Communist propaganda, the most television netwOTks here and in England. which he watched a cast of 100 perform a effective yet to reach the West, yet it has Most recently, Greene's name has been in brightly costumed historical drama. This succeeded in captivating viewers who are not the news for his participation in anti-Viet­ theater was located inside a mountain on the pro-Communist and it has actually reversed nam lectures, radio broadcasts, and demon­ island of Quemoy. the thinking of some who were previously op­ strations, and as a self-appointed peace emis­ In the film, we visit a so-called typical posed to accepting Red China. sary to Hanoi. In his last connection, he was commune, which means in any other lan­ In the film's prolog, Mr. Greene explains again in Red China. guage but Mr. Greene's a state-owned-and­ that his assignment was "to get as much film Having examined the producer and his ac­ controlled piece of land. This reporter has as possible which would show the day-to-day tivities, let us now study the film itself. visited farms the length and·breadth of the life of the Chinese people. We tend today As the title for the film is registered on Republic of China [Taiwan] not owned by to see other people too exclusively in terms the screen, credit is given to the Official China the state, not owned by landlords, but by the of their politics and too little of them as fel­ Film Corp. of Peking for its cooperation in farmers themselves. There is a difference. low human beings." the making of "China." Translated, this At the end of the film's prolog, Greene Despite his protestations to the contrary, simply means that nothing Felix Greene admits that others might leave Red China Mr. Greene's interest in his fellow human be­ photographed nor one step of the 15,000 with a different set of impressions. Refu­ ings is definitely political, as an examination miles he tells us he traveled in the course of gees this reporter has interviewed from the of the film and of the man responsible for it production, was accomplished without the Matsus to Macao certainly prove the accu­ will quickly establish. express permission and control of the Pe­ racy of this statement. Jules Roy, the Greene first visited Red China in 1957, fol­ king government. Nothing in Red China noted French author, summed up his im­ lowing which he produced a literary effort on moves without such permission. pressions following a long tour of mainland the subject that was dutifully plugged in In his prolog, Mr. Greene explains that China thusly: "Having come to China in an the October 1959 issue of Political Affairs, the he went to China for B~itish television and ectasy of love and admiration, I left bitter theoretical journal of the Communist Party that the company that retained him asked and frightened.'' As Variety put it: "Greene U.S.A. him to avoid the political side of life. This * * * has tried to minimize political aspects It appears that from 1957 onward, Mr. opening statement by Greene is reflective of of the film without losing the evident dra­ Greene became an indefatigable champion of the lack of veracity and objectivity in the matic impact of the industrial growth of the People's Republic of China. He took to film's entire narration which he wrote. Mr. China * • •. He has been unsuccessful in the boards as a lecturer and self-styled cor­ Greene did not go to Red China to make this both attempts.'' respondent and in 1960 returned to Red motion pictuxe for British television or for ·Anyone who chooses to see and wishes to China. This time he went at the invitation the company that later bought his TV ma­ judge the validity of "China" should bear of the Peking government with book con­ terial. Greene made the film independently the aforementioned points in mind-and one tract in pocket and camera in hand. He re­ with Peking's OK. other. Mr. Greene, for all his admiration mained 4 months, in the course of which he Film Producer Greene did not have a per­ for the Red Chinese, first attempted to sell interviewed Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai. mit from the U.S. Treasury to buy film foot­ his original film footage to our State De­ The latter interview was filmed and, when age from the Red Chinese. Yet, he admits to partment for intelligence purposes. Whether he returned, it was seen on television here having spent $1 ,500 in purchasing some film they were expert film critics or just recog­ and abroad. news clips from the Peking government for nized a propaganda gambit, the Department The real fruit of Mr. Greene's trip, ho"?lever, the purpose of adding historical perspective. wisely refused. was his book, "Awakened China-The Coun­ This was done in violation of U.S. law. Under the stimulus of the Senate For­ try America Doesn't Know," published in Nevertheless, the Treasury Department, on eign Relations Committee hearings, the film the fall of 1961 by Doubleday . .The . book sold the recommendation of the State Depart­ was brought back for reruns in three Wash­ well, receiving reviews that followed set ment, gave Greene the necessary license to ington theaters. If we are ever tempted to political lines. The Communist newspaper release the film. An official at Treasury told think that Americans are too wise to be the Worker opened its review with the fol­ us they considered Greene "a responsible news taken in by pure propaganda let us be re­ lowing appraisal: "A rare combination of ex­ gatherer" and they did not wish to become minded of Felix Greene and "China." cellent reporting--objective, yet human-a embroiled in a censorship controversy. They fine appreciation Of the human miracle being also chose to ignore the fact that he should wrought in the building of socialism in have been required to register as an agent RUMANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY China is the remarkable service rendered by of Red China. Felix Greene to readers of his 'Awakened To the westerner who has any knowledge Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, I ask China.'" Similar glowing colnments were of or admiration for the Chinese people, this unanimous consent to extend my re­ repeated throughout the Cqmmunist and film is an illustration-no matter how po­ marks at this point in the RECORD. pro-Communist press, even 1n a broadcast litically motivated-that 15 years of com­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection over Moscow radio. munism has not broken the Chinese spirit to the request of the gentleman from Other publications were not so kind. The or changed its enduring or artistic qualities. Dlinois? Los Angeles Herald-Examiner nailed "Awak­ Although Mr. Greene seems unwilling to ened China" as "a blatant piece of propa­ admit it, these qualities were not born with There was no objection. ganda which in no manner refiects facts of Mao Tse-tung. They have been in being for Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, we have strife and hunger • • • and is an apology over 4,000 years, they have withstood and occasions in this House in which Mem­ for Communist China." outlived many tyrannies, but none so allen bers pay tribute to the spirit of free­ In his new capacity as author and jour­ to the Chinese character as the present one. dom living still in the countries of East­ nalist Greene hit the lecture trail again not Variety in its review of "China" pointed ern Europe. One of these nations is only to sell his book, but also to sell his out: "Although he [Greene) says he traveled Rumania and we have special reason to compassionate theme: "Let's not be beastly over most of China, most of the film deals to the Red Chinese.'' The essence of his with two cities-shanghai and Peking­ join in acknowledgment of a special an­ apologia, dispensed from Hawaii to New both with heavy political overtones. The niversary in Rumanian history. York, is best summed up in his own oft­ few rural or village shots could have been The lOth of May, for various historic: repeated words: "I know something, too, of immediately outside either city." reasons, is accepted by Rumanians as: the suffering and bloodshed that has accom­ In viewing these scenes of Peking and their day of independence. The day will panied the birth of this new China. But all Shanghai, this reporter was reminded of not be celebrated, however, in the Ru­ this seemed trivial in the light of the ac­ some of the cities in which he has spent manian homeland. All such celebrations: complishments I could see around me wher­ time, all on Taiwan. The similarity was not have been suppressed. ever I went." just in clean streets, new buildings, broad As Mr. Greene had not been 1n China be­ thoroughfares, but in the fact that they were So it falls upon the exiles abroad, the tween 1947 and 1957, one cannot help but ask Chinese cities. One essential difference be­ descendants of Rumanian ancestry liv­ how he knew of the suffering and bloodshed tween the people in the cities of Taiwan and ing abroad, the defenders of freedom of which he spoke. To a man who describes those on the mainland had nothiqg to do generally, to make sure that the day himself as an "independent liberal not as­ with material progress but rather with free­ does not pass unnoticed and ignored. sociated with any political movement," is it dom of action and freedom of opportunity. We can share, in this House, in the possible tha.t genocide estimated to be in It is a difference wider and deeper than the celebration of the lOth of May as Ru­ the neighborhood of 20 million peTsons 100 miles of water that separates Taiwan might be a trivial matter? Is the wretched from the mainland. mania's Day of Independence. record of human misery that has been the Watching the rhythmic beauty of the The cause of freedom and national lot of the Chinese people since 1949 also a film's Shanghai dancing troupe, I recalled self-determination is our cause wherever trivial matter? the exact same Chinese pageantry and it may be centered. We are nationalists 10322 CONGRESSIONAl:. RECORD - HOUSE May 11, 1966 ourselves, we are Americans, but we know States of the Union and into Canada. At planned. It will be brought up early that freedom is indivisible. the present time, the program is operat­ next week. The Rumanian people have been part ing actively in 34 states of the United The only remaining bill on the pro­ of western society since the days of the States. In 10 of these States, Recovery gram for this week is the bill S. 1098, to Romans. Their language is related, as has had to qualify individually, under the alleviate the national freight car short­ ours is, to the Latin and the affiliated voluntary nonprofi-t charter provisions of age, and it is planned to call it up and Romance tongues. Their innate sense of the statutes. While Recovery thus has consider that bill tomorrow. identity with the Western World is as corporate protection in the larger States Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I thank the deep rooted as ours. of the United States, that is, in those distingUished majority leader. So we must pay our respects to a brave parts of the country where there are con­ people living temporarily under an Iron gregated a large bulk of the R.ecovery CUrtain government. In this manner we groups, nevertheless, at the present time, PARTICIPATION SALES ACT OF 1966 honor not only the Rumanians but do there are 38 States left in which the Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask our duty to ourselves. organization does not have corporate unanimous consent that the gentleman protection. Individual registration or from Arizona [Mr. RHODES] may extend qualification to do business in each of SPECIAL ORDER TRANSFERRED his remarks at this point in the REcoRD the States in which it is functioning and and include extraneous matter. TO TOMORROW wants to expand is a very difficult task The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask involving a vast amount of work and the to the request of the gentleman from unanimous consent that the special or­ expenditure of large sums of money New York? der that I have for today for 30 minutes that could be better put t·o the use of ex­ There was no objection. be transferred to tomorrow, May 12. panding the Recovery program itself. Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it Accordingly, Mr. Speaker, the purpose Speaker, at the May 10, 1966, meeting of is so ordered. of the bill being introduced at this time the House Republican policy committee There was no objection. is to enable Recovery to become a truly a policy statement regarding H.R. 14544, national project, by the recognition that the Participation Sales Act of 1966, was will be given its work by the passage of adopted. As chairman of the policy com­ RECOVERY, INC. this bill. mittee, I would like to include at this Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, I ask It is important for all of us to remem­ point in the RECORD the complete text of unanimous consent to extend my re­ ber that Recovery is a voluntary asso­ this statement. marks at this point in the REcoRD. ciation of f·ormer patients who have REPUBLICAN POLICY COMMITTEE STATEMENT The SPEAKER. Is there objection banded together for the purpose of im­ ON PARTICIPATION SALES ACT OF 1966, H.R. to the request of the gentleman from proving their own health, and expanding 14544 illinois? the services of the self-help program to With this b111, the Johnson-Humphrey ad­ There was no objection. others who need it. A more worthy ministration has reached a new level of fiscal Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, Recovery, project for national charter considera­ irresponsibility. In rapid succession we have Inc., was founded in 1937, by the late Dr. tion could not be thought of, in my opin­ witnessed 5 straight years of Federal budget Abraham A Low, of Chicago, Ill., for ion, and I am sure that anyone who has deficits that have averaged $6.2 billion, the taken the time, or wishes to take the dwindling of our gold supply from $18 bil­ the purpose of enabling recovered mental lion in 1960 to less than $14 billion, a bal­ patients and nervous patients to prevent time to investigate the organization and ance of payments deficit that has averaged relapses and chronicity by a system of what it is doing in the field of improving $3 billion a year, a rise in the budget from self-help aftercare. Recovery is now our national mental health, will certain­ $81.5 billion in 1961 to an estimated $112.8 serving a very vital and valuable need in ly agree. It is for these reasons that 1 billion in 1967, the removal of silver from the realm of mental health. The par­ urge the passage of the bill and ask that our coins, and a reduction in the gold that ticular type of help involved is that of it be considered promptly. backstops our currency. Now. under the provisions of H.R. 14544, making available the Recovery type of the Johnson-Humphrey administration will self-help aftercare to all those who have COMMITI'EE ON RULES be given the authority to establish a whole need of it. It has as its purpose the pre­ new system of backdoor, deficit financing. vention of relapses and chronicity, sup­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask Under this system, all manner of grandiose plementary to that which a psychiatrist unanimous consent that the Committee Great Society programs can be funded by or a physician provides for a patient. on Rules may have until midnight to­ simply refinancing the blllions of dollars in Recovery had its origin in Chicago, lll.; night to file certain reports. financial assets that the Federal Government today it has grown to the point where The SPEAKER. Without objection, presently owns and not one cent of this there are approximately 10,000 persons it is so ordered. spending will be reflected in the budget. There was no objection. Under the proposed Participation Sales attending Recovery meetings in 548 Act, the F~deral National Mortgage Associa­ groups, in 34 States of the United States. tion (FNMA) will sell participations in a The organization is presently incorpo­ pool of Government-held financial assets or rated under the laws of the State of Illi­ LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM loans, which could total $33.1 billion. Un­ nois, as a voluntary nonprofit corpora­ Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, fortunately, the participation "sale" is a fic­ tion. However, because of the national I ask unanimous consent to address the tion. The purchaser does not acquire title scope and the extent of the work of Re­ House for 1 minute. to the pooled asset. All he acquires is the right to have his investment repaid with in­ covery in achieving better mental health, The SPEAKER. Is there objection terest at the rate stated in the participation this bill is being introduced to supply a vi­ to the request of the gentleman from certificate. Moreover, the money acquired tal need to the organization in order that Michigan? through these "sales" will be paid directly to it may extend its beneficial assistance to There was no objection. the pooling agency and used to offset ex­ an even greater extent than has· here­ Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speak­ penditures that normally appear in the tofore been possible. The approval of a er, I have asked for this time for the budget. congressional charter would facilitate the purpose of asking the distinguished ma­ The administrative budget for fiscal year 1967, after making several doubtful esti­ carrying out of Recovery's work and as­ jority leader what the schedule is for mates of revenue, contemplates a budget sist considerably in the fulfillment of its the remainder of this week. deficit of only $1.8 billion. However, 1f the objectives. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will my $4.2 billion of participation sales authorized At the time of the incorporation of the able friend yield to me? by this bill are not made, the budget deficit Recovery program in illinois, in the year Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield will be $6 billion. It is interesting to note 1941, the range of activities of the orga­ to the gentleman from Oklahoma. that, using the participations device, the nization was confined to the State of Illi­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I am glad administration could have projected a budg­ nois, and therefore, the desirability or the distinguished minority leader has et surplus rather than a deficit. But it chose not to do this. Apparently, it feared need for broader corporate protection did asked this question because there is some that such flagrant sleight-of-hand book­ not actually present itself. Since the change in the program. , keeping at this stage of the game would alert year 1941, however, Recovery has ex­ The sales participation bill will not the American public to its fiscal chicanery. _panded considerably-into many other be brought up tomorrow as originally In the event this bill is enacted into law, May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10323 1 there certainly is reason to believe that this debtedness to it by a Uke amount. Thus, But this ' 2-percent WOJtld rate is far from type of financial gymnastics will be resorted 90ntrary to the proposed scheme, there was uniform. Western Europ~ averages three­ to in the future. Thus, the day of the pub­ no budget runaround - in the Eisenhower fourths· of ! percent, and has no serious licly acknowledged deficit may be a thing program. population growth problem. Japan cut its of the past. As incredible as it may seem, this bill was population growth rate in half in 10 years The largest and most rapidly growing Fed­ not available to commi·ttee members until and is now only nine-tenths of 1 percent. eral loan program is that of the Agency for one-half hour before the hearings began. Russia and the United States average under International Development (AID). It is Thereafter, only 2 hours of hearings were held 1¥2 percent, whereas Africa's population 1s estimated that at the close of fiscal year 1967 and the Republican members of the com­ growing over 2 percent, Asia averages 27'2 the outstanding volume of direct loans made mittee were denied the right or opportunity percent, and Latin America's rate is nearly in foreign countries by this Agency will be to call any witnesses. Moreover, not one 3 percent. $12 b1llion. In its new role, FNMA could wi-tness from the unions, farming, business, Broadly speaking, the industrialized coun­ sell participations in a pool of such loans, or banking was called. At the conclusion tries average about 1 percent a year growth. even though in some instances AID loans of these totally inadequate hearings, the The rest of the world averages 27'2 percent bear interest as low as three-quarters of 1 committee was ordered into immediatte ex­ and includes more than 2 of the 3 b1llion percent per year. Obviously, these AID loans ecutive session and in less than 30 minutes, people on earth today. These people in the would be unsalable unless F~"MA guaranteed the b111 was ordered reported. developing countries are adding nearly 60 the payment of principal and a reasonable Legislative action of this type goes far million of the 70 m1llion new mouths that rate of interest on the participations sold. beyond even that which has become the have to be fed each year. AID holdings of foreign aid loans are ex­ standard rubberstamp procedure for this 89th panding at a rate of $1.5 billion per year. Congress. This bill would permLt the John­ "A LOSING BATTLE" FOR FOOD .PRODUCTION Under the present system, thd.s money is son-Humphrey administrrution to conceal Then to check the world's food production, appropriated by Congress and charged huge budgetary deficits. It would invite a I flew to Rome and visited FAQ-the Food against the administrative budget. If thts spending spree that would delight the em­ and Agriculture Organization of the United b111 is enacted, the only charge against the perors of old. It oa.n only lead to financial Nations, which has "the otD.cial mission of administrative budget would be the appro· disaster. H.R. 14544 must be defeated. increasing food production in the develop­ prlation to make up the deficiency between ing countries." the income received on the loans and the FAO has made three world food surveys interest cost of the participations sold. and knows the facts about the production, Thus, instead of the real cost to the tax• IS FAMINE THE ONLY ANSWER? distribution, and consumption of food payers-$1.5 billion-being charged against Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask throughout the world. Under Dr. B. R. Sen, the budget, the charge, thanks to the pro­ unanimous consent that the gentleman its dynamic Director General who started visions of this b1ll, would be as low as $45 the worldwide freedom-from-hunger cam­ million per year. from California [Mr. YouNGER] may ex­ paign in 1960, it has a staff of some 3,000 The refinancing that is required under H.R. tend his remarks at this point in the at its headquarters in Rome and many more 14544 wm cost the American taxpayers an RECORD and include extraneous matter. overseas. It is now preparing the first world additional $5 million a year on each $1 bil­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection food plan to assess the world's food sur­ lion of the participations sold. Thus, in the to the request of the gentleman from pluses and deficits, country by country, and event $4.2 b1llion of participations are sold, New York? to make specific recommendations for im­ there will be a cost to the taxpayer of $21 There was no objection. provement. million per year. If the average maturity FAO reports that per capita food produc­ for participations is 10 years, the taxpayer Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, on tion increased for 12 years after World War will be gouged over $200 million in unneces­ Monday, May 2, Gen. William H. II in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. For sary expenses. Draper, Jr., national chairman of the the last 8 years, however, per capita pro­ At the present time, the home mortgage Population Crisis Committee, made an duction has been steadily slipping down­ market 1s in a state of turmoil and confusion. address before the National Press Club ward, and 1s simply not keeping pace with Home construction is at a dangerously low outlining the work of the Planned population growth. Dr. Sen speaks of "the level. If the FNMA participation sales are Parenthood-World Population organiza­ losing battle against hunger and malnutri­ authorized, the FHA and GI mortgages, and tion. His address follows: tion 1n Latin America. and the Far East.'" other home mortgages as well, will become That 1s a polite way of saying that starva­ less and less attractive to investors. In Is FAMINE THE ONLY AN'SWER? tion may be unavoidable. order to meet competition and obtain home (By William H. Draper, Jr., national Dr. Sen has concluded that "the prospect mortgage financing, higher home mortgage chairman) seems dark indeed unless there is a combined financing costs w111 have to be imposed. ~ Members of the National Press Club, I worldwide effort to raise agricultural pro­ a resul,t, the prospective home builders or have just spent 6 weeks in Europe and Africa ductivity in the developing countries along buyers will be forced to carry an additional trying to determine whether the world's with determin·ed measures to control popu­ financial burden. rapidly growing population 1s in fact out­ lation growth." He had the courage to ask To date, FNMA has sold four issues of par­ distancing the world's supply of food, and the Internatlonal Eucharistic Congress 1n ticipations. Each time they have been sold whether hunger and starvation actually lie Bombay, "Can we any more turn our faces to the same four big Wall Street investment ahead for the developing countries of ~ia, away from the concept of family planning houses. Transactions under thts arrange­ Africa, and Latin America. when the alternative is starvation and ment have totaled over $1.6 b1llion, and over death?" $5 million of commissions have been paid. INTERNATIONAL PLANNED PARENTHOOD First I took a look at the population side THE WHOLE WORLD IS WAITING FOR THE Under .this bill, this clubby and financially ANSWER advantageous arrangement could not only of the equation. I was in London for a week oonttinue but could become even more lu­ visiting the headquarters of the International The fact is that most suitable land 1s crative. Certainly, at a minimum, the stat­ Planned Parenthood Federation. Family already under cultivation, and that the de­ ute should require tha:t these participations planning organizations in 40 countries make veloping countries cannot expect to increase be sold on tt competitive bid basis. up its membership, including as one member their yield per acre fast enough to keep up It has been claimed thrut the participa­ the Planned Parenthood Federation of with their population growth. How can a tions sale proposal contained in H.R. 14544 America. country like Brazil, for instance, possibly is an extension of the program inaugurated Sir Colville DeveTell, its able secretary expect to support and feed a 3% -percent by the Eisenhower administration. In sup­ general, reports that women everywhere, of addition to its population each year when port of this contention, there is cited the all races and creeds, desperately want help its own yield per acre of corn and wheat FNMA swap in fiscal year 1960 of $311 m.il­ to avoid unwanted pregnancies. He believes has actually declined during the last quar­ lion of low interest mortgages for $316 mil­ that when voluntary birth control facilities ter century? Even Europe, which has in­ lion of nonmarketable Treasury investment become available throughout the world, and creased its yield per acre by 2 percent a year bonds owned by the public. The facts, how­ when governments give adequate support, would have a food problem today 1f its popu­ ever, reflect that these two }»"ograms are the population problem will be well on the lation were rising 2% percent or 3 percent totally dissimilar, and the Eisenhower pro­ way to solution. To meet that objective, the a year. gram cannot be used as justification for the federation has doubled its budget this year FAO's agricultural experience of the last Johnson-Humphrey scheme. The Eisen­ and hopefully will double it again next year. 20 years, and particularly during the last 5 hower program was a straightforward finan­ At the end of World War II, the world's years, shows conclusively that under present cial transaction. The mortgages were sold population was growing at the rate of 1 conditions, without capital, without mar­ on a competitive bid bas·is, paid for by bonds percent a year, higher than ever before in held by investors. Actual title to the mort­ the world's history. Now, only 20 years kets, without fertilizer, without modern gages passed to the purchasers and proceeds later, the annual rate has more than doubled technology, and even more important, with­ were carried in the budget as a budget re­ to over 2 percent, thanks largely to the out literate farm populations, the develop­ ceipt. The bonds a:cquired by FNMA were export of American medical miracles such ing countries cannot hope or expect to in­ surrendered to Treasury for oancell:wtion. as antibiotics and DDT powder to the entire crease food production much more than Thereupon, Treasury reduced FNMA in- world. 1 percent a year. Unless the countries with 10324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966 two-thirds of the world's pop'lllation sub­ SIX HUNDRED MILLION LATIN AMERICANS IN THREE MEN CAN ACT stantially reduce their rate of population A.D. 2000? There are today three men who together growth, they face certain starvation. Last year I visited Latin America several have it in their power to bring about a sat­ DROUGHT MENACES AFRICA'S FOOD SuPPLY times. Most governments there now realize isfactory world solution, Pope Paul VI, Presi­ So I went on to Africa. In Cairo I was that the rapid population growth-an aver­ dent Johnson, and U.N. Secretary U Thant. immediately informed that a serious wheat age of 3 percent for all of Latin America, and The first of these is the Pope in Rome. He shortage was only beginning to be relieved the highest rate for any area in the world­ has realized the danger of the present popu­ now that American food-for-peace shipments is their greatest obstacle to economic and so­ lation dilemma to the world as a whole and of wheat have been resumed. Egypt's Presi­ cial development. It even threatens--as Dr. to his half billion Catholic communicants, dent Nasser has officially recognized the Alberto Lleras Camargo, the former President more than half in Latin America and other need for stab1lizing his country's popula­ of Colombia, has openly said "the very sur­ developing countries. His special commis­ tion growth by family planning, and a broad vival of their present-day civilization." But sion on birth control is meeting now in Rome. program is now getting started under the the governments have hesitated to take offi­ He has urged it to speed up its work and personal direction of the Prime Minister. cial action largely because of Catholic op­ come quickly to a conclusion. Pope Paul's position. Even this opposition is now dimin­ moral influence is so great with non-Catholics What finally convinced Nasser were the ishing because of the dsing rate of illegal and Catholics alike, that a redefinition of the simple facts concerning the Aswan Dam. abortion, and because of the poverty and church's position would have tremendous im­ One of the great engineering projects of pact throughout the entire world. It would modern times, it will store· the waters of misery so obviously resulting from the hordes of children who cannot be properly edu­ hasten greatly the day when all men could the Nile nearly a thousand miles from Cairo join at the banquet of life, and, no longer to make possible the cultivation of 1 million cated, clothed, or fed. Latin America as a whole is growing less hungry, give greater thought to their moral additional acres of formerly arid soil, equal and mental development. to one-fifth of Egypt's arable land. The food per capita than before World War H­ and the situation is deteriorating year by Another man with great infiuence is our project should be completed in 1970, but President, who has already taken the lead during the 10-year construction period, year. Wi-thout the huge and increasing food shipments from this country, famine would in. recognizing that all lands including our Egypt's population will have increased by own must deal with the multiplying prob­ one-quarter. Therefore, the tremendously be rampant today in many parts of South America. At present growth rates, Latin lems of their multiplying populations. He increased food production made possible by said in January, "The hungry world cannot the great Aswan Dam will not put any more America's 200 million will triple to 600 mil­ lion by the year 2000--only 35 years off-and be fed until and unless the growth in its re­ food in the average Egyptian's mouth. a century later Latin America alone would sources and the growth in its population In Nairobi, the capital ot Kenya, the first come into balance." words I heard on the news broadcast startled contain over 10 billion people-3 times the present population of the entire world. In 19·62, I went to Brazil on a mission for me-the Voice of Kenya was asking for con­ Impossible, of course. But what is going to President Kennedy, to study the acute eco­ tributions to a national fund to alleviate the slow down the present 3-percent rate, com­ nomic and political problems brought on by famine conditions throughout the country. monsense or starvation? Is famine the only President Goulart's regime. At that time, A severe drought last year had ruined much answer? the danger of a Communist takeover in Brazil of the corn crop. Delays in food imports was very real. When I came back and re­ aggravated the hunger and distress for many You all know the situation in Asia, where China is spending $400 million a year--40 ported to President Kennedy, I also told him months. Only recently have large U.S. about the serious population problem in shipments of "food for peace" corn improved percent of her annual foreign exchange earn­ ing&-to buy grain, and where India is facing northeast Brazil, where 25 million people the situation. its most acute food crisis in modern times. in nine states had average incomes of about So famine already stalks in Africa. In 1964, India had the best grain crop in $100 a year and where economic resources The medical director of Nairobi told me history-88 million tons-but still she needed were growing about 1 percent a year and that birth control facilities were already 6 million tons of our wheat as foreign aid population was growing 3¥2 'percent. After available in most of the city's hospitals last year. Then the 1965 monsoon brought discussing this hopeless situation, and the thanks to the Family Planning Association very little rain. The grain crop last Novem­ world population problem as well, the Pres­ of Kenya, and that the Government of ber was 12 million tons short, and there are ident suddenly asked me "Why doesn't the Kenya encourages this program. . He hoped 12 million more Indians to feed than a year Ford Foundation make the population prob­ that the Government would soon undertake ago. President Johnson is increasing our lem its top priority?" Later, he asked that or help to finance a vigorously national pro­ grain shipments to the very limit, and the same question of its chairman, and last year gram, so that the rest of the country could Pope has made worldwide appeals for help. the Ford Foundation report, and its huge have similar facilities. But India- is in serious trouble. grants as well, concentrated on population QUEEN OF BIRTH CONTROL The Indian Government knows this and as never before. In Rhodesia the National Family Planning is opening a determined drive to produce So, to paraphrase President Kennedy's Association has been operating fo-,: the past more food. It al~ plans to spend over $200 words I suggest, quite respectfully, and fully 9 years, supporting almost singlehandedly million on birth control in the next 5 years. realizing the many other serious problems by a devoted woxnan, Mrs. Stilhaus. She I would sum up the world problem as fol­ our Government faces each day, that Pres­ has contributed her time 7 days a week, her lows: Every year 1 billion people in the in­ id.ent Johnson make the stabilization of world home for an office, her telephone, and even dustrialized countries are increasing their population one of his administration's top her car to travel to all parts of Rhodesia. population 1 percent and their food 2 per­ priorities. She has been able to include family plan­ cent. Every year the 2 billion people in the FANFARE AND DRAMATICS FOR THE POPULATION ning in 25 health centers in her own coun­ developing countries are increasing their CRISIS try, and has started 5 clinics in the neigh­ population 2¥2 percent and their food less Suppose, first, President Johnson and Sec­ boring country of Zambia. Her husband than 1 percent. retary Rusk ask every one of our ambassa­ manufactures nitrogen fertilizer, so . her As a whole, the world is increasing its dors all over the world to discuss the world friends say the king of fertilizer is married population 2 percent and its food 1 percent. population problem seriously with the head to the queen of birth control. She told me This means that the world is falling behind of every other government, as they recently the family planning work with the white 1 percent a year--or, to put it another way, were asked to explain our aims in South Viet­ Europeans was self-supporting, but that she food production is falling behind minimum nam, and with the same fanfare and dra­ needed much more outside financial help needs by 30 million people more each year. matics. to meet the needs of the Bantus or Africans, This is why disaster for the human race lies Suppose, second, they suggest that all who outnumber whites in Rhodesia 16 to 1. just ahead. countries with a population problem try to The drought that brought famine to What can be done? What should be done? reduce their rate of growth annually, by Kenya also affected Rhodesia and its neigh­ And who should do it? one-tenth of 1 percent as the United States bors. In Zambia. and Bechuanaland record Shipping our "food for peace" wheat and has done for the last 5 years. The result numbers are on food relief. In Rhodesia corn and rice is no solution. Even if we were could be a drop in a decade of nearly 1 per­ the rains were so late that the crops are willing to pay the cost, we cannot take on cent for the entire world. poor, but 2 weeks more of drought would the feeding of 30 million more people each And suppose, third, that in the same con­ have meant real disaster-a complete crop year. versation, our ambassadors stress the world's failure, and serious food shortages. The developing countries must solve their food deficit and suggest that every country, In general, the food situation in Africa is developed and underdeveloped alike, should precarious, partly because of drought, which own population and food problems. Other­ wise nature will take over and starvation will aim to accelerate its present rate of increase is increasingly common, and partly because in food production by at least one-tenth of of the primitive state of agriculture which restore the balance between births and 1 percent a year. cannot keep pace with the high and st1ll deaths. And suppose, fourth, that each ambassa­ rising population growth rates. There is But we and many others can help them dor offer our technical assistance, and for general interest and support for family plan• understand that only massive birth control the poorer countries our financial assist­ ning services, but except in Egypt, little and higher food yields per acre can ever feed ance as well, to help them solve both prob­ government sponsorship. them adequately. · lems. May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10325 This I believe is a practical and possible rise to meet this challenge, as he has so the scope and nature of the Government's program. If our Government would -propose many times throughout history. But the involvement in the Nation's economy have it, I believe that the governments of the worldwide crusade must begin soon, or it changed significantly in the past 5 years. world generally would back it. will be too late for millions of human beings Not only does the Government play a larger The time has come for a great worldwide now alive. role; it also operates more directly on the crusade by all the governments and by all general level of economic activity as well as the people. on selected areas of private economic deci­ If the rate of increase for food goes up SENATOR JORDAN WARNS OF DRIFT sionmaking. To a large extent these activi­ one-tenth of 1 percent a year, and for popu­ ties are carried on without the sanction of lation goes down one-tenth of 1 percent a TOWARD GOVERNMENT BY IN­ law. FORMAL CONTROLS year, then food and population would be TOWARD MORE GOVERNMENT POWER brought back into balance in only 5 years' Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask time. In 10 years the present 1-to-2 ratio Consider for a moment what has been hap­ unanimous consent that the gentleman pening in recent years. We have been wit­ would have been reversed-food production [Mr. would be increasing 2 percent and popula­ from Missouri CURTIS] may extend nessing a gradual drift toward a system in tion growing only 1 percent. Not only would his remarks at this point in the RECORD which Government uses its vast powers, often starvation be averted, but in 25 years most of and include extraneous matter. only selectively, to influence private economic the world's nutrition problems would be The SPEAKER. Is there objection decisionmaking in conformity with the Gov­ solved. to the request of the gentleman from ernment's wishes. Business and labor have Perhaps I am too optimistic. Perhaps it been exhorted repeatedly to follow responsi­ New York? ble policies. Exhortation has been accom­ would take longer. But only in that direc­ There was no objection. tion-more food, less people-is there hope panied by the subtle threat that noncoopera­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, Senator tion would call forth more direct and dis­ for the developing countries, and for the LEN B. JoRDAN, of Idaho, who serves with agreeable controls. human race. me on the Joint Economic Committee, re­ The first step toward Government's new The third individual who has it in his role was the enunciation of wage-price guide­ power to promote a satisfactory solution is cently issued a timely warning against the drift toward the use of Govern­ lines in 1962. In the same year, the Gov­ U Thant, Secretary General of the United ernment moved against the steel industry, Nations. For the first time last year the ment's vast powers to inftuence priv,ate forcing it to rescind a price increase, and in United Nations sent a technical mission on economic decisionmaking on an informal the process shaking business confidence to birth control to India-under Sir Colville or voluntary basis. His remarks on the the extent that the stock market plummeted Deverell who heads International Planned new and ominous dimensions of Federal and economic activity leveled off for the Parenthood. For the first time last year the economic power appear in the January­ rest of the year. United Nations offered to extend technical March issue of the General Electric Meanwhile, intervention in major collec­ help in this field to their member nations. Forum. tive bargaining situations had become com­ So the way is now cleared for a major monplace. In the circle of Presidential effort by this great world body to deal with Senator JoRDAN makes a persuasive power and prestige, Government began vir­ the world's greatest problem. If unsolved, case against the administration's policy tually to dictate settlements to the parties in hunger could become the greatest threat to of putting the burden on the private sec­ dispute. world peace. Hungry men will fight. Hungry tor for preventing an inftation which is Banks also came under Government pres­ nations will make war. largely the result of administration pol­ sure. In 1964, the Government forced banks NEED FOR U.N. POPULATION AGENCY icies to stimulate the economy. He rec­ outside New York City to rescind a proposed The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organiza­ ommends that instead of simply exhort­ increase in the prime rate on business loans. tion already exists under Dr. Sen. What is ing the private sector to act responsibly The most recent manifestation of the new needed is a great sister organization as part economic policy occurred when the Govern­ Government should impose guidelines on ment dipped into its aluminum and copper of the United Nations family to deal ex­ itself for the responsible use of its fiscal clusively with the world population problem, stockpiles to prevent what it conSidered in­ and monetary policies. flationary price increases in those commodi­ just as WHO deals with the world health ties. problem. Not only will the increased reliance by So I respectfully suggest to U Thant, and the administration on a network of vol­ International investment and lending has I would hope our Government would back untary controls over private behavior also been subjected to economic "voluntar­ not work but, as Senator JORDAN points ism." Guidelines have been established for some such proposal, that his Population bank loans and direct investment abroad, in Commission, so far dealing only with the out, it will weaken the real sources of effect creating partial exchange control over statistics of world population, become an growth in our economy while eroding the dollar. Announced just a year ago, these action arm of the United Nations be greatly economic freedom. . g~idelines have already been tightened up, expanded, and be authorized to draw up a Under unanimous consent, I insert the Wlth more stringent controls promised for world population program and to offer all article referred to in the RECORD at this the future if the present program does not possible assistance to carry it out. It should work. work in close cooperation with FAO, and point: · with all member governments. It should No one any longer denies that govern­ "GUIDELINES" FOR GOVERNMENT? set specific goals and strive to help the na­ ment has a constructive role to play in in­ What seems to be absent in all of this is tions of the world achieve them in stated fluencing the Nation's economy. The Em­ an awareness of the Government's own con­ periods of time. That is my fifth and most ployment Act of 1946 established the obliga­ tribution to creating economic problems, important recommendation. tion of Government to promote conditions whether inflationary excesses or heavy' cap­ The Swedish Government has already leading to a rate of growth that provides full ital outflows. Instead of just exhorting the urged the United Nations to deal more ac­ employment without inflation. private sector to act responsibly, the Govern­ tively with this problem. Every government Even without the use of its regulatory au­ ment should establish guidelines for respon­ with a serious population problem could be thority or its discretionary weapons of fiscal sible behavior in framing its own fiscal and expected to cooperate. Multilateral aid and and monetary policy, Government would have monetary policies. Certainly appeals to the multilateral advice on a problem as· delicate a powerful impact on the economy. Federal private sector wouJd be more convincing and as this one would probably be much more purchases of goods and services alone remove better received if Government were more readily accepted than bilateral aid and bi­ about 10 percent of the annual production of willing to share the burden by readily adjust­ lateral advice, no matter how well inten­ goods and services from the marketplace. ing its own policies to changing economic tioned. On the revenue side, both the level and struc­ conditions. In conclusion I can do no better than to ture of Federal taxes profoundly influence In the short run, voluntarism and other ad quote Dr. Sen's words to the Population private economic decisionmaking. hoc policies fail to solve the problems at Commission of the United Nations: It is obvious that even in these normal and which they are directed. The reason is sim­ "The next 35 years will be a most critical accepted activities, government cannot op­ ple. They deal only with symptoms, not period in man's history. Either we take the erate in a vacuum. It must always formu­ basic causes. When these policies fail to fullest measures both to raise productivity late its policies in such a way as to avoid an work, Government's answer is new controls and to stabilize population growth, or we adverse impact on the domestic economy and and restrictions. Witness what has already will face disaster of unprecedented Inagni­ where possible provide a countercyclical force happened in the area of regulation of for­ tude. I myself feel optimistic that mankind that will blunt inflationary expansions and eign lending and investment by U.S. busi­ will not stand aloof from the drama of life deflationary contractions in economic ac­ nesses and banks. and death that is unfolding before our eyes tivity. ENGINE OF ECONOMIC PROGRESS but will come forward to achieve that mira­ NEW GOVERNMENT ROLE Also in the short run, these policies could cle of organized will which seems so distant My concern is not with the accepted uses kill our present expansion. Business confi­ today. This indeed must happen 1! freedom of fiscal and monetary policies or of regula­ dence is the engine of our economic progress. and dignity are to survive." tory authority. What bothers me is the new Uncertainty about the widening role of Gov­ No, I would add, famine is not the only dimension which the economic activity of the ernment involvement in private decisionmak­ answer. Because I too believe that man can Federal Government is now taking. Both ing could very well shake that confidence and 10326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 11, 1966 lead to a slackening off of investment, just as, his remarks at this point in the RECORD ence Service of the Library of Congress the steel episode did in 1962. and include extraneous matter. which fully document and expose the Over the longer run I believe that we are The SPEAKER. Is there objection continued religious and racial discrimi­ running even more serious risks in following policies of ad hoc economic interventionism. to the request of the gentleman from nation in Soviet Russia and other coun­ The result is likely to be a gradual, almost New York? · tries under Soviet domination. imperceptible weakening of our market sys­ There was no objection. It is foolish for us to think that the tem through the invalidation of price as an Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, I have risen Soviet Union has undergone any sort of indication of the size of the demand for goods many times in recent months to protest basic policy change in regard to allow­ and services and of the costs incurred in pro­ the manner in which the Secretary of ing her own citizens to enjoy the free­ ducing them. Agriculture has consistently victimized dom of worship which is so highly treas­ CURRENT CONGRESSIONAL FOCUS the farmer with his price manipulations. ured in the free world. Yet today we Events of the past few months are begin­ Today in the May 11 issue of the Live­ find several prominent and not-so­ ning to focus attention on the implications stock and Meat Situation report which is prominent leaders in our State Depart­ of certain Government actions. The debate released monthly by the Department, ment and elsewhere who contend that and discussion which I think the country there is yet another example of the mis­ we should do everything within our needs on the direction in which we have been use of farm policy to manipulate prices. power to cooperate with the Soviet moving is likely to occur in the current ses­ Union on many different fronts. The sion of Congress. For the past several months, the live­ We are becoming more aware of the prob­ stock farmers have enjoyed the first prof­ present emphasis on increased trade lems and conflicts of priorities involved in an itable returns on their labor in many with Russia and her satellite nations is economy at virtually full employment, which years. Meat prices have at last reached the prime example of this campaign. is experienc~ng new demands on its output a level commensurate with the return Mr. Speaker, when I introduced House because of the war in Vietnam and a host of that should be expected from any indus­ Resolution 817, I stressed the fact that new domestic spending programs. try, and prices are some 10 percent above such a select House committee would I think it is becoming clear that exhorta­ the prices received by livestock farmers serve as an invaluable aid in our Na­ tion and voluntarism cannot work when basic inflationary forces are at work in the econo­ 15 years ago. tion's quest for a true world peace my. The policies of ad hoc interventionism The Department of Agriculture in its through the international observance appeared to work for awhile only because the frenzied attempt to please the consumer and respect for the human rights be­ economy still had a margin of slack in its instead of the farmer, has not been idle stowed by an all just God on all men. labor force and plant capacity. With that as meat prices rose to the current fair Yet we find ourselves today trying to inflationary buffer disappearing the futmty level. It has been busy encouraging large live in so-called peaceful coexistence and longrun danger of such policies are now increases in meat production by holding with a country which pays only lipserv­ being exposed. Where should we go from here? There down the price of corn and other feed ice to so many of the freedoms which are some who will say that if voluntary con­ grains. we in America are so often apt to take trols will not work, then there should be Today's issue of the Livestock and for granted. It would be a strange form compulsory wage and price controls. We will Meat Situation reports, under the head­ of coexistence in which we would find hear voices raised to claim that reduction in ing "Substantial Rise in Hog Slaughter ourselves with the Soviet Empire should spending on domestic programs is impossible, Next Fall; Prices Lower," proudly in­ this campaign succeed. that tax increases are politically unpalatable, dicated that- One observation appearing in the in­ that further tightening of money is inequi­ table and that, therefore, nothing remains The hog-corn price ratio (farm price basis) troduction to part 1 of "The Church and but direct controls. was 3.9 in January, 23.7 in February, and State Under Communism-the U.S.S.R.," Without doubt, the administration and the 21.4 in March. These were the highest a series of reports prepared by the Law Congress will be faced with d111lcult policy monthly ratios of record. Library of the Library of Congress for choices in the coming months. But unless In other words, the Department is con­ the Internal Security Subcommittee of the demands of the Vietnam war mount the U.S. Senate, is especially pertinent: beyond anything now foreseen, it would be fident that by "bribing" livestock farmers inadvisable to resort to direct controls. Con­ with low feed grain costs, it can bring It is appropriate that the first study ditions now indicate, however, that we should down the price of meat, both to the should deal with the status of religion in the rely on other weapons in our economic farmer and to the consumer. This will Soviet Union because the structure estab­ arsenal. no doubt bring huzzahs from the harried lished by the Soviet regime has set the pat­ OTHER ECONOMIC WEAPONS tern, with minor variations, for the many housewives who have seen so many prices Communist regimes since established ln The recent action by the Federal Reserve rise in recent months, but it will serve to various parts of the world. Board in raising the discount rate is one step increase the instability that now exists in the direction of restraint. There will be in the entire agricultural economy. For this reason, Mr. Speaker, I wish little dissent to the view that our current sit­ This is a patent example of the ad­ to bring to the attention of the House an uation also ~quires a high degree of disci­ ministration's backward :fight against article which appeared in the May 7 edi­ pline in Federal spending. Spending priori­ tion of the Christian Science Monitor ties should be established to insure adequate inflation. Still refusing to cut back at support for our efforts m Vietnam and to re­ the real source of inflation-Federal defi­ dealing with state control of religious examine or postpone low-priority programs, cit spending-the administration now activities within the Soviet Union. The if necessary, to relieve inflationary pressures seeks to bring down an agricultural price article explains the clear hypocrisy and maintain fiscal integrity. that has taken 15 years to regain its 1950 which is the order of the day when· it Finally, as part of the debate on flscal and level. This move will have no effect on comes to the Soviet Government's com­ monetary policies that will.occur in the com­ any other retail items that are straining plete dominance over her citizens' reli­ ing months, we must examine closely the wis­ gious activities. dom of resorting to ad hoc interventionism the housewive's purse strings, but will under any economic conditions. For my part, add yet another chapter to the sad As recently as March of this year the I feel that where Government action to in­ spectacle of farm failures that have Soviet Union added higher penalty fluence the economy is required, we do bet­ swept the Nation since 1960. clauses to that section of her criminal ter to rely on the tried and proven general code dealing with certain religious in­ policy instruments. Not only is their impact fractions. The article points out that- greater, but they are less discriminatory and KREMLIN CURTAILS CHURCH Other prescriptions added to the code do less violence to the forces of growth and ACTIVITIES severely punish the teaching of religion to change in the economy. The policy of ad hoc The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under minors or the refusal to work on certain interventionism weakens the real sources of days for religious l'leasons. growth in our economy, which lie in the pri­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ vate sector. It also diminishes economic man from Ohio [Mr. AsHBROOK] is rec­ I am sure that my colleagues will find freedom. ognized for 15 minutes. this article to be most illuminating in Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on regard to the continued efforts of the April 7 I introduced House Resolution Soviet Union to stifle the freedoms of her MISUSE OF FARM POLICY TO 817 to create a Select Committee on own citizens. In this light, it would be MANIPULATE PRICES Human Rights and Peaceful World Or­ mere folly to expect any true peace and Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask der. At that time I pointed out several order in a world of coexistence unless unanimous consent that the gentleman highly reliable studies by congressional we obtain such an order at the cost and from Minnesota [Mr. Quml may extend· committees and the Legislative Refer- sacrifice of valued freedoms. With this May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 10327

in mind, I offer the article, "Kremlin pression in Soviet literature. Only a few Manus, S.S.J., who. is one of the arch­ Curtails Church Activities," for inclusion months ago a young poet in a small prose diocesan leaders in a new housing pro­ book refeiTed to a famous 12th century ikon gram in my area . . in the RECORD. of the "Mother of God" as the deepest ex­ Father McManus has written a per­ FmsT HIT: KREMLIN CURTAILS CHURCH pression of the Ru~sian spiritual idea. ACTIVITIES The book was published in fewer than ceptive explanation of the new rent sub­ (By Paul Wahl) 10,000 copies, but the astonishing thing was sidy program, showing by using New First to feel the Kremlin's return to a for­ that it could be published at all. Orleans figures, how the program is mer political line were the religious com­ On December 15, two priests of the Moscow· desperately needed and how it will work. munities. diocese, Fathers Echlimann and Yakunin, I believe it bears reading by all: sent Soviet President Nikolai V. Podgorny, a Ten days before the opening of the 23d RENT SUBSIDY PLAN Is ANSWER TO NEED Party Congress, the Russian Soviet Repub­ juridical memorandum about the closing of lic issued a decree sharply curtailing tradi­ thousands of churches and houses of prayer (By Rev. Eugene P. McManus, S.S.J.) tional church activities and church finances. and other restrictive measures during the Although New Orleans is a quaint city with There can be no more collections inside last 3 years of the Khrushchev era of sub­ a warmth that charms visitors and residents or outside the churches, says this decree. jectivism and voluntarism. Th~ measures alike, an alarm.ing number of its citizens are No "written" matter of any kind-tracts, had been taken in violation of the law, forced to live in conditions of grim hardBhip. letters, religious information or other docu­ claimed the authors of the memorandum, The housing situation in New Orle-ans ap­ ments relating to the cult--are allowed to quoting pertinent articles of the constitution proaches the dimensions of a local disaster. be distributed. and of the code. Even before Hurricane Betsy, one-fourth of The forming of groups of believers, re­ CHURCH COUNCIL SOUGHT the dwelling units in our city were dilapi­ ligious processions, and other religious dated and clearly unfit to use in raising a One of the ·measures the two priests con­ family. A total of 23,500 of these homes had manifestations, which might "disturb" the tested was an administrative order that the public order, are strictly forbidden. no hot water, and 18,000 had no private baptism of children had to be registered flush toilets. Hidden away in the legislative bulletin of in the internal passport, which all Soviets the Russian Supreme Soviet, this decree A national housing expert, Howard W. Hall­ over 16 must caiTy. Yet the basic law on man, studied New Orleans early this year. became known only on the eve of the Ortho­ the separation of church and state rules dox Easter. Its purpose obviously was to In a report to the mayor, he summarized his that "no official documents are allowed to findings in a statement which is supported hit the believers and their clergy where it contain a reference to a person's religion." hurt most. by comparative statistics. "I have not seen Orders forbidding priests to perform re­ so much bad hoUJSing in any other American Easter always has been ·a time of proces­ ligious ceremonies in homes or in cemeteries sions for orthodox believers: solemn pro­ city I have visited." and barring children from going to church The present upward surge in the economy cessions of the clergy leading their congre­ also were shown to violate the law. gation around the church building "in seems unable to alleviate the housing situa­ Another memorandum, supported by sev­ tion. Fourteen percent of our white families search of the body of Christ" and informal eral bishops, was addressed to the patriarch, processions of groups of believters headed and 51 percent of our Negro fainilies have in­ protesting against the tacit support of anti­ comes below the $3,000 poverty level. More­ for home with burning candles and greeting religious propaganda by servile church au­ each other with the words "Christ is risen," over, the scarcity of usable land has inflated thorities. This second memorandum de­ the real estate market so that most housing to which other believers answer: "In truth, manded the calling of a national church he is risen." now under construction is priced beyond the council for the renewal of the church. purchasing power of 80 percent of our people. PROCESSION ATTACKED BY MOB Both documents became known in Moscow The poor cannot escape. They are unable In Moscow, Patriarch Alexius, head of the and offered further evidence of the growing to afford new housing, and they are forced Orthodox Church, was allowed to lead an strength of religious thought. to compete at inflated prices for slum hous­ Eastern procession of many thousands of be­ The response of the party was ambivalent. ing. Nor is there any hope for those who are One group admitted that religion was a cul­ factually, if not technically poor, those who lievers around the cathedral. tural phenomenon which would continue for But the Communist youth organization stand in the tw111ght zone between public a long time and could not be fought with housing income liinits on the one hand and had mobilized a larger crowd, which shouted primitive arguments. curses and spat at the believers, who had the price of decent housing in the private This view was expressed at the Byelorus­ market on the other. to be protected from the masses by mounted sian party congress by the new alternate police and volunteer militia. At present the waiting list for public hous­ member of the Politburo Piotr Masherov. ing projects has already reached 20,000 and Believers who tried to walk home with President Podgorny also seems to lean in their candles alight were mobbed, and their it is stm growing. Even if all the poor could this direction. be housed in pubHc housing projects, social candles blown out or thrown to the ground. According · to this group, the right policy In most provincial cities, no processions experts believe that these projects do not for the party would be to give deeper mean­ really solve the problem of poverty. at all could be held. ing and solemnity to civic ceremonies (a The Russian Republic's decree, dated suggestion already made by Leon Trotsky Although our present Congress will ap­ March 18, probably will be enacted by other more than 40 years ago) and to engage a propriate $280 m1llion for the alleviation of republics. It gives a new twist to the sec­ high level dialog with religion. poverty through public housing, it is fairly agreed tion of the penal code ~ealing with the The other group, led by second party sec­ well by many experts that projects do church. retary Mikhail A. Suslov, favors restrictive in practice tend to perpetuate the poverty Hitherto any violation of the prescriptions measures. The Soviet decree of March 18, class. Like slums, they concentmte in one of this section was punished with 6 months shows that at present the latter tendency neighb91'hood a hlgh density of low fulfill­ in a labor camp for reeducation and with a prevails. ment. fine of 50 rubles ($55 at the official rate, but Since a low income is a necessary require­ more than half the monthly money earnings ment for admittance, we should not be sur­ of an industrial worker). Now a new clause RENT SUBSIDY PROGRAM prised to find a high concentration of low has been added, punishing recidivists with 3 education, minimal sk1lls, and low horizons Mr. GRIDER. Mr. Speaker 1 ask of hope. Many are welfare cases, many have years In jail. unanimous consent that the gentleman Other prescriptions added to the ·code been impoverished by sickness, and many, severely punish the teaching of religion to from Louisiana [Mr. BOGGS] may extend feeling they have been shortchanged by so­ minors or the refusal to work on ·certain days his remarks at this point in the RECORD ciety, have understandably antisocial atti­ for religious reasons. and include extraneous matter. tudes. Children who are born into such a The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there world find' it hard to escape. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE GROWING objection to the request of the gentleman We are then faced with a dilemma. On the The decree marks the end of a recently private housing market, the high cost of land opened dialog between church and state; it from Tennessee? makes it impossible for a private builder also marks a turning point in the internal There was no objection. to provide housing for the poor even on an tug-of-war between Communist Party re­ Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, the House equitable basis. Moreover, the housing needs formers and hard liners. For the time being of Representatives in its wisdom on of the .Poor are frequently exploited in high the party conservatives have won out. May 10 provided funds for fiscal 1967 for rents for overcrowded substandard dwelUngs. That religious prejudices had become a the important rent subsidy program. In On the other hand, attempts at providing serious matter for the party could be seen closing debate on the issue, I cited figures housing for the poor in public housing proj­ from the many references to survivals of the that point up the need for adequate hous­ ects have thus far produced many negative past at the Republican Party congresses and ing in my own area of New Orleans. I effects, creating pockets of poverty, low edu­ Russian provincial conferences, which pre­ cation, low ambition, high crime, and sick­ ceded ·the Soviet party congress. At some of obtained these figures from an excellent ness. Worst of all, these attempts at housing these gatherings, the growing influence of article written for the Clarion-Herald, the poor seem to be perpetuating the very religion was openly admitted. · the newspaper published for the archdio­ conditions they were designed to alleviate. In veile!;l form, the s;ignificance of religious­ cese of New Orleans. The article was Is there an answer to this dilemma? Many ly inspired spirituality has begun to find ex- written by the Reverend Eugene P. Me- people, in public housing, in church work, 10328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966. and in social work, have hopes that the new BILL TO PROVIDE A FEDERAL and households with equal income equal-­ Rent Subsidy Act of 1966 wlll provide the TAX CREDIT FOR STATE IN­ ly grows in importance as the margin answer. Like the public housing program, it does COME TAX PAYMENTS between people's incomes and their con­ recognize the obligation of society, both from Mr. GRIDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask sumer expenditures widens and as family moral conviction and from enlightened self­ unanimous consent that the gentleman homesteads become less and less indica­ interest, to provide a remedy for the housing from New York [Mr. KEOGH] may extend tive of taxpaying ability. problems of the poor. But the Rent Subsidy his remarks at this point in the RECORD Despite the impressive case that can. Act seeks to avoid the negative effects of be ma.de for greater State use of the per­ public housing. President Johnson called and include extraneous matter. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ~onali.ncome tax, one-third of the States,. this program "the most crucial new instru­ mcludmg some of the most industrialized ment in our effort to improve the American objection to the request of the gentleman high-income sections of the country do city." from Tennessee? This program makes it possible for private There was no objection. not tax personal incomes at all and 'an­ enterprise to provide housing for low income Mr.. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, Repre­ other third tax them at relatively low families. To be eligible for rent subsidy, sentatiVe ULLMAN and I are introducing effective rates. In contrast, the National the family or individual must have an in­ Government obtains over $50 billion come equivalent to that required for ad­ b~lls today which hold promise of mme tax payments through In its report, "Federal-State Coordi­ 5. Occupies or did occupy living units de­ a tax credit. nati?n of Personal Income Taxes" the stroyed or extensively damaged by natural Advisory Commission on Intergovern­ disaster. · There are three good reasons why the Congress should help to strengthen mental Relations concluded that heavy The housing into which such persons can Federal use of the personal income tax be moved can be any type of residential State income taxes. structure: single houses, row houses, or mul­ The first is the overriding fiscal prob­ e~pecially since 1940, stands out as th~ tifamily dwelling units. The housing can lem of the States, their need for addi­ smgle most important deterrent to its be new or rehabilitated. These houses need tional revenue and especially for a tax expanded use by the States. It has en­ not be herded into projects, but can be in­ source that responds more than propor­ abled the opponents of State income terspersed throughout the city. tionately to economic growth. The per­ taxation to win the day with the argu­ The sponsors of such buildings can be ment that the Federal Government has private, nonprofit organizations such as sonal income tax has a greater capabil­ effectively preempted this tax; and forced church groups, limited dividend mortgagors ity for producing an accelerating amount St~te and ~ocal governments to place or cooperative housing corporations. of revenue in response to rising economic Part of the units in a rent supplement activity than any other tax now in use. pnmary reliance on the regressive and project can be occupied by tenants who It is estimated that without any change less elastic consumption and property would like quality housing at a fair price in tax rates, State individual income t~xes. It is significant to note that not a but do not qualify for ' rent subsidy. Such tax collections automatically increase smgle State adopted a personal income tenants would pay the full market rent. tax between 1937 and 1960, when 12 Those tenants who do qualify for rent sub­ about 16 percent for every 10 percent increase in gross national product. The States adopted general sales taxes. Al­ sidy would be required to pay 25 percent of though three new State income taxes their income for rent. The difference be­ principal State and local revenue pro­ tween this and the full market· rent for that ducers-general retail sales and prop­ have been added since 1960, approxi­ dwelling would be subsidized by the Federal erty taxes-increase only in proportion mately 95 percent of the nearly $4 billion Government. As the income of the tenant to GNP. But States now derive little currently collected from this source goes improved, the amount of his subsidy would benefit from the growth potential of the to those jurisdictions that enacted it decrease, but he would not be required to income tax because they use it so inef­ prior to 1938-over a quarter of a cen­ leave when his income reached a level at fectively that only 15 percent of their tury ago. In contrast, only 68 percent of which subsidy ceased. revenue comes from it. general sales tax revenue is collected by The law also provides that tenants who States that adopted this tax before 1938. have hope for a future increase in salary may The greater elasticity of the personal pay rent with an option to purchase the income tax takes on critical importance Thus, the Advisory Commission rea­ home. Such a tenant will pay 25 percent of because State and local expenditure since soned that by providing Federal income his income for rent, just as other tenants. World War II have been growing at the taxpayers a more liberal writeoff of their When he has sufficient resources and qual­ rate of about 8 percent per year; in con­ State and local income tax payments it ifies for homeownership by FHA standards, trast, the annual gross national product should be possible to neutralize or off~et he may take over ownership of the unit. growth rate has averaged about 5 per­ the deterrent effect which heavy Federal The Rent Subsidy Act thus provides ad­ cent. use of this revenue source has had on the vantages not available in public housing: State personal income tax movement. A 1. Management by private enterprise. Second, the personal :.ncome tax pro­ vides the most effective way for exempt­ more liberal writeoff of State income 2. Absorption of the poor into the social tax payme11ts will recognize the fiscal mainstream. ing the disadvantaged members in Amer­ 3. Fair priced housing for those beyond ican society-the poor-from some of the facts of life-that the National Govern­ the limits of public housing who are now growing burden of State and local taxes. ment makes very intensive use of the in­ unable to buy or rent decent accommoda­ This fact takes on increasing significance come tax but taxes consumer expendi­ tions in an inflated slum market. as national policy objectives encom­ tures only lightly and property not at 4. Dispersion of the hopeless and normless passed in the antipoverty program gain all-thus deterring State taxation of from highly compressed pockets of poverty dominance, as the significance of the personal income. where antisocial attitudes are created and State and local sector in total Govern­ Specifically, the proposed legislation dangerously reinforced. would facilitate greater State use of the 5. A chance for upward mobility by per­ ment operations increases, and as the mitting a salary increase without loss of weight of national payroll taxes to fi­ personal income tax by amending the In­ decent housing. nance social security programs grows ternal Revenue Code to give Federal in­ 6. An opportunity for the poor to make heavier. com~ taxpayers an option to either, first .. an economic breakthrough in private home Third, a greater reliance on the per­ contmue itemizing their income tax pay­ ownership. sonal income tax would contribute to ments to State and local governments or No doubt some people will be alarmed by improving the fairness of State and local second, claim 40 percent of such p~y­ outright rent supplements and consider them taxation also by permitting a larger ments as a credit against their Federal another manifestation of galloping socialism. share of the tax burden to be adjusted income tax liability. The credit would Such persons should recognize. that the Fed­ be in addition to the standard deduction. eral Government has been indirectly sub­ to the size of the family through an ex­ sidizing rent for many years through public emption system-a criterion typically Clearly, a Federal credit for State in­ housing projects. It has spent millions (280 disregarded by the property tax and vio­ come taxes would involve a continuing million this year) on a program that has lated by the sales tax. The unique abil­ revenue cost to the U.S. Treasury, its many negative results. ity of the income tax to treat individuals amount depending upon its terms and May 11, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10329 upon the response of State legislatures. enable the Internal Revenue Serv­ from Maryland [Mr. SICKLES] may ex­ The range of probable costs can be esti­ ice to help a State collect its personal tend his remarks at this point in the mated, however, within reasonably nar­ income tax if mutually satisfactory ar­ RECORD and include extraneous matter. row limits and, in my judgment, would rangements can be worked out. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there be well justified in the national interest. The Members of this House have no objection to the request of the gentleman Since the Federal Government already doubt been at a loss for a meaningful from Tennessee? .sustains a heavy revenue loss under the answer when asked by constituents why There was no objection. present deductibility system--every dol­ is it necessary to file both a Federal and Mr. SICKLES. Mr. Speaker, most of lar of income tax collected by the States a State income tax return-why can't our States today are wrestling with prob­ :results in about a 24-cent reduction in something be worked out so that a single lems of the increased cost of government Federal income tax liability-the initial return c~n satisfy both Federal and State and are constantly seeking new ways to ·cost of an optional credit plan would be needs? . increase State revenues and broaden tax less than is generally presumed. It is This question takes on increasing sig­ bases, In a number of States, taxes on -estimated that in terms of revenue fore­ nificance because there are now 20 to 25 cigarettes provide a substantial source gone by the U.S. Treasury the cost of the million families and individuals paying of income. However, it has become clear :present system of itemizing State income both Federal and State income taxes. recently that widespread smuggling op­ tax payments will reach abou~ $1.1 bil­ The question is timely, too, because erations are making significant inroads lion by fiscal year 1967. The comparable growing revenue pressures are forcing the into this source of tax revenue. revenue cost of an optional 40 percent nonincome tax States to consider seri­ In 1949, Congress passed the Jenkins -credit for the same year would be about ously the adoption of this revenue in­ Act which established some restrictions .$1.8 billion. Thus, the additional 1967 strument. In order to minimize taxpayer on shipping cigarettes into cigarette-tax­ .cost attributable to the credit would be resistance to the adoption of a personal ing States, but it left loopholes through .approximately $700 million. income tax, State legislators are recep­ which today's cigarette smugglers are On the assumption that a partial tive to proposals designed to hold tax­ managing to cheat States out of millions credit for State income tax payments will payer inconvenience to the irreducible of dollars in tax money without violating encourage most States· to make more in­ minimum. State' income tax laws en­ Federal law. Maryland's State comp­ tensive use of this tax, the Federal loss acted since World ·war II have all closely troller has estimated that Maryland may will be more than offset by State revenue followed the Federal pattern. Moreover, be losing a half a million dollars a year gain. Thus, for every additional income a State contemplating· the enactment of in this manner. tax dollar collected by the States, the a personal income tax is 110t encumbered Today I am introducing legislation Federal loss in terms of revenue foregone by tax collection machinery and the which will provide assistance to the would be approximately 40 cents. This consequent vested interest in a dual col­ States in collecting cigarette taxes by would be a high rate of return for Fed­ lection system. closing these loopholes in the Jenkins .eral revenue foregone and therefore an bur bills would authorize the Internal Act, thereby enabling the Department of efficient investment in our federal sys­ Revenue Service to respond construc­ Justice to prosecute the cigarette "boot­ tem of government. tively to a. State request for collection leggers'' in many instances where they In short, Mr. Speaker, the prpposed help. The type of assistance could range are not now authorized to do so. Federal credit for State ahd local income from the minimal kind-using the Fed­ Very simply, the legislation which I tax payments will serve four national eral system for withholding of income am introducing today will make it un­ policy objectives. First, greater State at the source to a complete collection lawful for an individual to transport use of the personal income tax will ex­ service including arithmetic verification more than 2,000 cigarettes, the equiv­ empt the most disadvantaged members of the taxpayer's return and even audit alent of 10 cartons, through or into a in American society-the poor-from by the Internal Revenue Service. State unless he has in his possession in­ some of the growing burden of regressive Because of, the political ramifications voices, bills of sale, or delivery tickets State and local taxes. and administrative problems involved in showing the name and address of the This fact · takes on increasing impor­ Federal collection of State income taxes, original seller, of the current owner, and tance as the administration's objectives any experimentation in this field would of the person to whom the cigarettes will encompassed in the antipoverty program of necessity have to be on an optional be delivered. are given increased emphasis. Second, basis. S ~ate political leaders would have My bill differs slightly from legislation States in particular will be placed in· a to weigh the benefits to be derived­ dealing with this problem which has been better financial position to underwrite greater taxpayer convenience, admin­ introduced by our colleague the gentle­ their share of the Great Society costs. istrative simplification, improved com­ man from New York [Mr. TENZER] and Third, more widespread use of income pliance-against the loss of States' con­ others. taxes will reduce interstate tax differen­ trol over their collection system. By the First, it establishes the minimum num­ tials and help mute tax competition same token, the Internal Revenue Serv­ ber of 'cigarettes to which ~the legislation among the States. And, lastly, by ice would want to retain its freedom to would apply at 2,000 rather than at strengthening the fiscal capability of the prescribe the conditions necessary to en­ 5,000--or 25 cartons. It seemed to me States, a Federal tax credit will bolster able it to und~rtake such an activity that a 25-carton minimum was rather the federal system of government. without handicap to its own job. too permissive and might well have left For these reasons, we commend our It is our expectation that experience the smugglers a new way to evade the law. bills to the favorable consideration of with one or two cases would provide a And second, it includes language pro­ my colleagues. basis for testing the practicality of the viding concurrent jurisdiction so that the recommended joint collection system for Federal laws do not supersede State laws Federal and State personal income regulating the interstate transportation INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE TO taxes-a proposal recently made by the COLLECT THE PERSONAL INCOME Advisory Commission on Intergovern­ of cigarettes. TAXES OF A STATE REQUESTING mental Relations in its report "Federal­ SUCH ASSISTANCE State Coordination of Personal Income SOUTH VIETNAM ELECTIONS Mr. GRIDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Taxes." Only ,in this way can we ever unanimous consent that the gentleman establish whether this dream of the tax Mr. GRIDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask from New York [Mr. KEOGH] may extend coordinators and taxpayers can become unanimous consent· that the gentle­ his remarks at this point in the RECORD a practical reality. woman from Hawaii [Mrs. MINK] may and include extraneous matter. For these reasons, we commend our extend her remarks at this point in the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there bills to the favorable consideration of my RECORD and include extraneous matter. objection to the request of the gentleman colleagues. · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there from Tennessee? objection to the request of the gentleman There was no objection. from Tennessee? Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, the gen­ CIGARETTE TAXES There was no objection. tleman from Oregon, Representative Mr. GRIDER. Mr.· Speaker, I ask Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, I am ULLMAN, and I are introducing bills to unanimous consent that the gentleman pleased to note that Secretary Dean Rusk 10330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 11, 1966 coin saga we might recall that the Bible ha.s ~inforced this Nation's determina­ obligation to implement the conditions for t.hat freedom. We owe the world, the comprises a rollcall of approximately 926,000 tion to abide by the principle of self­ _words, that all of Shakespeare's works muster determination with respect to the forth­ Vietnamese people, and ourselves no less. a total vocabulary of over 975,000 words, coming elections in South Vietnam, de­ while the Sandburg saga alone, on Lincoln, spite the ambiguous reported statements claims over 1,026,000 words. This gives us a of Prime Minister Ky which his own col­ SOME NOTES ON THE GREAT dimension of how one life may affect all lives, leagues found necessary to censor. EMANCIPATOR even though it is not quite a century and a After the optimistic declarations of half in the fullness and fruition Of an in­ the Honolulu Conference in February Mr. GRIDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask complete lite he shared with fellow man. about the intentions of the South Viet­ unanimous consent that the gentleman COLLECTION OPENED ON JULY 26, 1926 namese Government to implement re­ from New York [Mr. OTTINGER] may ex­ Greatest of all modern barometers on the forms and free elections as early as pos­ tend his remarks at this point in the Lincoln life and legend, is a microfilm col­ sible, we have witnessed accelerated plans REcoRD and include extraneous matter. lection with 20,000 documents in 194 vol­ to prepare for those elections this fall The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there umes that as permitted for research and objection to the request of the gentleman revelation by Robert Todd Lincoln, to be after the people of Vietnam took to the opened for the public 21 years after his streets themselves to demand a demo­ from Tennessee? death. This surviving son of Abraham cratic form of government. There was no objection. Lincoln died J"':lly 26, 1926, and 1 minute Skeptics are pointing out that the Viet­ Mr. O'IT.INGER. Mr. Speaker, I am after midnight, the entire collection was namese have never experienced free elec­ always pleased to bring to the attention opened from the past for the present and the tions, and therefore cannot be trusted pf this distinguished body an outstand­ future. This collection was presented by to ing accomplishment of or work by one of Lincoln's son to the Library of Congress tn make a rapid transition to popular gov- 1925. ernment. · my constituents. Today, I am particu­ larly pleased , to present, for our col­ At that time this great treasury of Lin­ If we are ever to know the true will of colniana had experts in all fields of this these people, we must do everything we leagues' consideration, an article ·writ­ subject studiy its contents, and explain them can to insure that the elections are held ten by one of my constituents and good to the world. Dr. Luther Evans, then · Li­ and that the results will be uncontestable, friends-Rabbi Martin M. Weitz. This brarian for Congress, Randall Monaghan, regardless of the -outcome. article, which appeared in the American State historian for Illinois, Paul Engle, of the Examiner, is based on an address which Chicago Historical Society, as well as Carl Those who agitate for these elections Rabbi Weitz delivered before a convo­ Sandburg, were among the 200 visitors pres­ ask only for a hand in the destiny of cation at Lincoln University. ent who were scholars of the "Lincoln Life their country, and since that is the pro­ Although Abraham Lincoln's tragic a.nd Legend." fessed reason for our presence in Viet­ Disclosures were manifold, and it is im­ death occurred more than a century ago, portant for us to know them, for it helps us nam, I believe that we must now insure his impact on the world has not dimin­ that the voices of all interests will be appreciate· even more the difficulties and the ished. The ideals and values which Lin­ complexities from which Lincoln emerged, heard in the conduct of that country's coln expounded are stlll with us today. unsullied even in death, as well as life • • • a1fairs. As Dr. Weitz so correctly states: From this collection and other related ma­ With Secretary Rusk's assurances that Lincoln's soul is not at rest. His spirit terials, we learn that throughout the Civil we will indeed honor our commitment to walks through the land. Wax, Lincoln was plagued with over 80 self-determination for South Vietnam, death threats and attempts at assassination. it now becomes incumbent upon us not Rabbi Weitz makes uS aware of this We discover that the war was hampered and to leave open the possibility of later as he dwells on some of the little-known tampered with by complaint about the or forgotten aspects of Lincoln's life and drunkenness of Gen. U. S. Grant, and that charges that the elections were not in Lincoln even had a special pigeonhole in his fact free. personality. desk for these many complaints, that "petti­ Excessive caution in this matter is fur­ Dr. Weitz is the author of five books coat politics" of the wives of the generals was ther dictated by Premier Ky's reported and has served as rabbi to congregations really a roadblock for the war effort, that statement that if the elections do not in Wisconsin, Iowa, Arkansas, New Jer­ the petty conflicts between the Army and have results desirable to the present sey, and New York. At present, he is the Navy in the form of certain memos found regime, then the Directorate will fight. director of religious affairs for the Jew­ their way to Lincoln's desk under another ish board of guardians at the Hawthorne, pigeonhole entitled "Mars Versus Neptune." This must be regarded as a real danger We learn also that many were refused pro­ sign and steps must be taken now to in­ N.Y., Cedar Knolls, and Linden Hill mot_ions--often bluntly-by Lincoln, in spe­ sure the absolute validity of these elec­ Schools. cific instances and that the scramble for tions. The closest surveillance is abso­ It is with great pleasure, Mr. Speaker, political patronage was incessant and lutely basic. that I present herewith for inclusion in exhausting. But, I think it wholly unrealistic for the REcORD, Rabbi Weitz' moving article WERE ROBERT'S LET'I'!ES "LIFTED"? us to place ourselves in the untenable "A Century of the Lincoln Saga": This collection reveals also that there was position of being the sole third-party A CENTURY OF THE LINCOLN SAGA the threat of a duel with a James Shields monitor of these elections. Although our (By Dr. Martin M. Weitz) in 1842, in Alton, Ill., and that thereafter foreign policy leaders insist that we will Abraham Lincoln is magic for millions Lincoln and Shields became fast friends abide by the wishes of the people of across the "lost horizon." He disarmed more when the slight misunderstanding was clari­ enemies by his death than his generals won fied. The collection includes letters about South Vietnam regardless of the out­ the half-sister of Lincoln's wife, who lived come, there looms of course the qualifica­ in disputed battle. That was the strange alchemy that bound his country and made at the White House, whose husband was a tion that the election be truly free and him one of the world's elect, simple-hearted, Confederate general but who often got a pass expressive of the will of the people of that strong-minded symbol of America-free from to go to Kentucky to claim property even wartorn nation. It is, therefore, in my geography and genealogy. His life is as a though she refused to take an oath of loyalty opinion, unwise·for us to assume by our­ fond refrain for all of us, except when we to the Union. This collection informs us rephrase our memories and rebuild our im­ of military. strategy proposed by Lincoln selves this responsibility as the judge but rejected by McClelland. There are no and jury of weighing the quality of these ages that people the past. Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809, in Kentucky, to Nancy letters, we find, of Robert Lincoln to his fa­ elections. Hanks and Tom Lincoln. The family moved ther (for they may have been "lifted" from I therefore join the distinguished Sen­ in 1817 to Indiana, where it built a new log the collection previously). Some of these ator from Connecticut in urging that house in which his mother, Nancy Ranks, items may have been available for the 10- volume history of Lincoln in 1890 by Nicolay the President most seriously consider the died at the age of 35, and where his step­ mother indeed became a mother for the rest and Hay, but access to the series was re­ proposal that either the United Nations Of his life. But the frontier beckoned on, fused to Beveridge, especially when it seemed or the International Control Commission and in 1830, with four oxcarts heavily laden he asked unnecessary questions regarding be called in to maintain a field surveil­ with provision, many books, including the the birth of Abraham Lincoln. lance of these elections, and thereby re­ Bible, yet enfolded with a loving heart, the Mysteries are still unsolved for approxi­ family moved on to Illinois. mately 11 letters from Robert D. Owen, 20 lieve this country of the untenable task History may be lost, stolen, or forged, but from William C. Bryant, 44 from Horace Gree­ of being the guarantor of the outcome. the biography of a great man is e_ver the spir­ ley, 11 from a Roman Catholic archbishop, If our commitment truly is to freedom ~tual autobiography of a great ,era. T

FROM THE WELL OF HIS BEING the thick forests and the green fields. His surance Society, the Chemical Bank Perhaps every experience from the well of heart is burdened with many fears. Why is New York Trust Co., and Purity Stores, his being come up filtered through darkness Lincoln's soul so perturbed? Inc., San Francisco. into light. They included early loneliness "The things he sees will not give him rest. Mr. Miller is no stranger in Washing­ when he would often spend a week at home The voices he hears distUrb his peaceful sleep. He cannot forget the people he loved, ton. He is a trustee of the Committee in the wilderness, or chop wood even at 1 for Economic Development; a former a.m. in the moonlight. They embrace pos­ in whom he believed. His spirit seeks out sibly the story of a duel, and the death of those who remember him. Through the member of the Commission on Money a man he tried to forget. They include the length and the wid·th of the country, through and Credit and Chairman of the Spe­ memorable rollcall or seemingly endless fail­ the mines, the factories and the offices, cial Committee on U.S. Trade with East ures to opponents, as for the Senate, Vice­ through the schools, the sanctuaries, and the European Countries and the Soviet Presidency, or even as a surveyor in Dlinois, homes, his restless spirit moves. He meets the people, the common, ordinary people, Union. as well as unfortunate inventions as a wind­ Mr. Miller served as president of the mill, an unhappy lecture series in Milwau­ sons and daughters of the soil, the faotory kee, a frustrating love for and death of Anne and the city. They stop him as he walks by National Council of the Churches of Rutledge, and, too, unhappy marriage to Mary and speak to him~ven now." Christ in the United States, the only Todd, unfortunate and untimely death of He is the sad, sweet song of America-the layman ever to do so. two of his beloved sons, one in Springfield chimes of cathedral-continent-the melody He is a trustee of the Ford Founda­ and the other in Washington. They en­ of freedom and of faith in man. The slow, tion, a fellow of the Yale Corp., and the folded, too, a strange premonition of his somber strains of a Gettysburg Address and list goes on. own death. of the Emancipation Proclamation, not un­ heard, but as ye.t unheeded. sumce it to say that we in Indiana But beyond such tidal experience with have been aware for some time of the tragedy, were expressions of life and laughter. As the poet, Markham, sought and caughS{l qf any tional stockpile and the supplemental stock­ Mr. O'BRIEN: Committee on Interior and sense af world-political reality by almost the pile; Inslllar Affairs. H.R. 11775. A bill to pro­ whole American intellectual community. H.R. 13367. An act to authorize the disposal vide for the popular election of the Governor In the midthirties, for instance, with Adolf of acid grade fluorspar from the national of Guam, and for other purposes; with an Hitler ruling Germany already, almos-t the stockpile; amendment (Rept. No. 1520). Referred to whole intellectual community held that op­ H.R. 13368. An act to authorize the dis­ the Committee of the Whole House on the position to the Nye Neutrality Act was a posal of bismuth from the national stockpile State of the Union. proof of wicked war-loving views. And only and the supplemental stockpile; Mr. PEPPER: Committee on Rules. House 4 years later, all the same people were more H.R. 13371. An act to authorize the disposal Resolution 851. Resolution providing for accurately bellowing that opposition to re­ of phlogopite mica from the national stock­ the consideration of H.R. 13712, a bill to peal of the same Neutrality Act was a proof pile and the supplemental stockpile; amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 of love of Hitler. H.R. 13373. An act to authorize the disposal to extend its protection to additional em­ Must we now go through the same experi­ of muscovite mica from the national stockpile ployees, ·to ra.ise the minimum wage, and for ence again? God help not! For where the and the supplemental stockpile; other purposes; without amendment (Rept. follies of the older, weaker America were no H.R. 13578. An act to authorize the disposal No. 1521). Referred to the House Calendar. great danger, another spasm of forgettory in of rhodium from the national stockpile; Mr. YOUNG: Committee on Rules. House the new, giant power America will surely have H.R. 13579. An act to authorize the dis­ consequences too awful to contemplate. Resolution 852. Resolution providing for posal of thorium from the supplemental the consideration of H.R. 14544, a blll to stockpile; promote private financing of credit needs and H.R. 13580. An act to authorize the dis­ to provide for an efficient and orderly method LEAVE OF ABSENCE posal of amosite asbestos from the national of liquidating fl.nanical assets held by Fed­ stockpile and the supplemental stockpile; eral credit agencies, and for other purposes; By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ H.R. 13663. An act to authorize the dis­ sence was granted to: without amendment (Rept. No. 1522). Re­ posal of ruthenium from the supplemental ferred to the House Calendar. Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr. stockpile; GERALD R. FORD), through May 16, on H.R. 13774. An act to authorize the disposal account of official business as U.S. dele­ of vanadium from the national stockpile; and gate to the NATO Parliamentarian Con­ H.R.l4012. An act making supplemental PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ference. appropria,tions for the fiscal year ending June Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public Mr. AsHBROOK

EXTENSIONS ·oF REMARKS

Tribute to Rumanian Independence Day Rumapians gladly proclaimed their in­ Russian hammer and sickle, a symbol of dependence from the Turks and prepared slavery and oppression. EXTENSION OF REMARKS for an era of progress and freedom. In During the years following the war the OF 1878, Rumanian sovereignty was recog­ Soviet Union engulfed Rumania and es­ nized in the Treaty of Berlin. tablished the hated Communist rule in HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN Today, however, we experience both the little land. The servitude to Russia OF NEW YORK happiness and sorrow when we look back has been a terrible one. In 1945, for ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES upon the history of Rumania--happiness ample, Stalin established SovRom joint for the years when Rumanians stood stock companies, which exploited almost Wednesday, May 11, 1966 p-roudly in the ranks of free peoples, and every facet of the Rumanian economy, Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, it gives sorrow for the fate which befell the denuding the forests, siphoning off the me great pleasure to join with my col­ beautiful land after World War II. For valuable oil and gas, and plundering the leagues in commemoration of Rumanian the past two · decades Rumania has mining, transport, and shipbuilding in­ Independence Day. On May 10,1877, the suffered under the hideous shadow of the dustries. Not until the mid-1950's were