ADB Annual Report 2016
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Mongolia. Competitiveness Assessment Of
OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box -
Structural Violence Against Children in South Asia © Unicef Rosa 2018
STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN SOUTH ASIA © UNICEF ROSA 2018 Cover Photo: Bangladesh, Jamalpur: Children and other community members watching an anti-child marriage drama performed by members of an Adolescent Club. © UNICEF/South Asia 2016/Bronstein The material in this report has been commissioned by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) regional office in South Asia. UNICEF accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this work do not imply an opinion on the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. Permission to copy, disseminate or otherwise use information from this publication is granted so long as appropriate acknowledgement is given. The suggested citation is: United Nations Children’s Fund, Structural Violence against Children in South Asia, UNICEF, Kathmandu, 2018. STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN SOUTH ASIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNICEF would like to acknowledge Parveen from the University of Sheffield, Drs. Taveeshi Gupta with Fiona Samuels Ramya Subrahmanian of Know Violence in for their work in developing this report. The Childhood, and Enakshi Ganguly Thukral report was prepared under the guidance of of HAQ (Centre for Child Rights India). Kendra Gregson with Sheeba Harma of the From UNICEF, staff members representing United Nations Children's Fund Regional the fields of child protection, gender Office in South Asia. and research, provided important inputs informed by specific South Asia country This report benefited from the contribution contexts, programming and current violence of a distinguished reference group: research. In particular, from UNICEF we Susan Bissell of the Global Partnership would like to thank: Ann Rosemary Arnott, to End Violence against Children, Ingrid Roshni Basu, Ramiz Behbudov, Sarah Fitzgerald of United Nations Population Coleman, Shreyasi Jha, Aniruddha Kulkarni, Fund Asia and the Pacific region, Shireen Mary Catherine Maternowska and Eri Jejeebhoy of the Population Council, Ali Mathers Suzuki. -
The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia
The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia The Innovation Imperative fter a half century of transformative economic progress that moved hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, countries in developing for Developing East Asia AEast Asia are facing an array of challenges to their future development. Slowed productivity growth, increased fragility of the global trading system, and rapid changes in technology are all threatening export-oriented, labor- intensive manufacturing—the region’s engine of growth. Significant global challenges—such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic—are exacerbating economic vulnerability. These developments raise questions about whether the region’s past model of development can continue to deliver rapid growth and poverty reduction. Against this background, The Innovation Imperative in Developing East Asia aims to deepen understanding of the role of innovation in future development. The report examines the state of innovation in the region and analyzes the main constraints that firms and countries face to innovating. It assesses current policies and institutions, and lays out an agenda for action to spur more innovation-led growth. A key finding of the report is that countries’ current innovation policies are not aligned with their capabilities and needs. Policies need to strengthen the capacity of firms to innovate and support technological diffusion rather than just invention. Xavier Cirera Policy makers also need to eliminate policy biases against innovation in services, Andrew D. Mason a sector that is growing in economic importance. Moreover, countries need to strengthen key complementary factors for innovation, including firms’ managerial Francesca de Nicola quality, workers’ skills, and finance for innovation. -
The Four Asian Dragon's Significance in World Economic Development
Bhatia Nikhil, Gupta Ishan, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology. ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume 4, Issue 1) Available online at www.ijariit.com The Four Asian Dragon's Significance in World Economic Development Nikhil Bhatia Ishan Gupta [email protected] [email protected] Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka ABSTRACT This paper analyses the contribution of four Asian Dragons towards International Economic System from 1965-2017 and reveals insight into related trends and patterns. The paper shows how four Asian dragons (Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, and Hong Kong) have grown since Independence to Industrialisation. Lastly, reasons for their slowing growth. This study is divided into four parts. Firstly, the growth pattern of GDP and Exports in these countries. Secondly, factors leading to this growth. Thirdly, how Industrialisation of four dragons helped world economy during currency fluctuations and recession. Fourthly, reasons for declining growth of these nations. The study discusses the challenges facing four Dragon’s sharply declining growth rate and proposes policy approaches that might help boost the country’s growth in the future. Keywords: Asian Dragon, International Economic System, GDP. 1. INTRODUCTION Four Asian Dragons The countries that come under are Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, they had gone through rapid industrialisation and had high growth rate i.e. more than 7 percent a year between the 1960s and 1990s. By the 21st century, all the countries had developed into an advanced and high-income nation, industrialised and developed countries specialising in the areas of competitive advantage. -
East Asia Wrestles with Questions of Trust and Democracy 98 106
GLOBAL ASIA In Focus GLOBAL ASIA Vol. 10, No. 3, FALL 2015 98 106 112 Yun-han Chu, Yu-tzung Chang, Yun-han Chu, Hsin-hsin Pan Mark Weatherall Min-hua Huang & Wen-chin Wu & Jack Wu & Jie Lu Why authoritarian or Why are levels of Perceptions in non-democratic trust in political East Asia of China’s governments enjoy institutions in Asia’s rise and how this In Focus more popularity than democracies on will influence democratic states. the decline? US thinking. Asian Baromet er SurveyEast Asia Wrestles With Questions of Trust and Democracy 96 97 GLOBAL ASIA In Focus Asian Barometer Survey GLOBAL ASIA Vol. 10, No. 3, FALL 2015 1 Tabassum Zakaria, “US Intelligence Sees Asia’s Global Power Rising surveys from 2014 to 2016. By the end of July 2015, seven were Enter the Dragon: by 2030,” Reuters, Dec. 10, 2012: www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/10/ completed: Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, us-usa-intelligence-idUSBRE8B90HY20121210 [retrieved Aug. 13, 2015] Malaysia and Myanmar. The remaining six are Japan, Hong Kong, 2 Yan Xuetong. Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power. South Korea, China, Vietnam and Cambodia. Myanmar is the only Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (2011). newly added country in wave four. See the previous three waves of How East Asians ABS data at the official website at www.asianbarometer.org/. 3 The Asian Barometer Survey’s fourth wave includes 14 country View a Rising China By Yun-han Chu, Min-hua Huang quickly emerged that called for China to prepare China has managed to become a responsible great power and argued & Jie Lu that its power competition with the US is inevita- to hold up its largely ble.2 However, those voices remained in the aca- positive image in the demic community and did not significantly affect eyes of East Asians. -
How Do East and Southeast Asian Cities Differ from Western Cities? a Systematic Review of the Urban Form Characteristics
sustainability Article How do East and Southeast Asian Cities Differ from Western Cities? A Systematic Review of the Urban Form Characteristics Tzu-Ling Chen 1,*, Hao-Wei Chiu 2,3 and Yu-Fang Lin 4 1 Department of Urban Development, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan 2 Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 Graduate Institute of Urban Planning, National Taipei University, New Taipei 23741, Taiwan 4 Department of Landscape Architecture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan; v.yfl[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-02-2871-8288 (ext. 3110) Received: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 17 March 2020; Published: 19 March 2020 Abstract: The Fifth Assessment Report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) revealed that the scale of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Asian cities is similar to those from developed economies, which are driven predominantly by economic growth. Due to variations in geographic and climatic contexts, culture and religion, living style and travel behavior, governance and institutions, and a wide range of density and land use mixes, there are significant variations in urban form patterns across Western and Asian cities. This paper uses a systematic review, which is a critical interpretive synthesis methodology, to review keywords of studies related to urban form among East and Southeast Asian cities. From 3725 records identified through database searching, 213 studies were included in qualitative analysis. The results show that, although the population density in built-up areas is higher, annual population density is declining significantly in East and Southeast Asia. -
Human Capital Development Realizing the Promise and Potential
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Sri Lanka Human Capital Development Realizing the Promise and Potential Public Disclosure Authorized of Human Capital Harsha Aturupane, Hideki Higashi, Roshini Ebenezer, Deepika Attygalle, Shobhana Sosale, Sangeeta Dey, and Rehana Wijesinghe Public Disclosure Authorized INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS Sri Lanka Human Capital Development Realizing the Promise and Potential of Human Capital HARSHA ATURUPANE, HIDEKI HIGASHI, ROSHINI EBENEZER, DEEPIKA ATTYGALLE, SHOBHANA SOSALE, SANGEETA DEY, AND REHANA WIJESINGHE © 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 Books in this series are published to communicate the results of World Bank research, analysis, and oper- ational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpre- tations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. -
(ADO) Supplement
DECEMBER 2016 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK SUPPLEMENT HIGHLIGHTS ASIA’S ECONOMIES STEADY The outlook for developing Asia remains DESPITE GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY broadly as forecast in Asian Development Outlook 2016 Update. Despite an extraordinary and temporary growth dip affecting one of the region’s largest Growth outlook economies, this Supplement expects the region as a whole to expand by 5.6% in 2016, Developing Asia’s growth outlook continues to be stable despite a slight only 0.1 percentage points less than earlier downgrade to the 2016 forecast. The region is now expected to grow this year forecast, and by 5.7% in 2017, as forecast. by 5.6%, or 0.1 percentage points off the rate envisaged in Asian Development The People’s Republic of China is on Outlook 2016 Update as slower growth is now expected in India, one of the course to meet growth expectations of region’s largest economies. Growth is expected to edge back up to 5.7% in 2017, 6.6% in 2016 and 6.4% in 2017. East Asia as the pace envisaged in the Update. By subregion, growth forecasts are revised a whole is seen to expand by 5.8% this year slightly down for South Asia in 2016 and the Pacific in 2017 but otherwise and 5.6% in 2017 as growth stabilizes in the unchanged (Table 1). subregion in line with earlier forecasts. The combined growth forecast for the major industrial economies— India’s surprise demonetization of large the United States, the euro area, and Japan—is revised up from Update banknotes will likely dampen growth this projections as third-quarter outcomes in the US and euro area proved to be year, but South Asia remains the region’s stronger than expected. -
Four Asian Tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea)
Four Asian Tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea) Linda Phanová, Petr Havel Agenda • The global population • The global area • The global GDP • The global exports • The global imports • The global FDI • The global debt • The global CO2 production Case studies: • The Development of the Four Asian Tigers • The role of Education • Labour market rigidity Global population (2018) Hong Kong 7 524 100 Singapore 5 703 600 South Korea 51 811 167 Taiwan 23 603 121 The global area (km²) Hong Kong 1 106 Singapore 728 South Korea 100 210 Taiwan 36 197 The global GDP in $ (2020) Hong Kong 340 billion Singapore 340 billion South Korea 1,59 trilion Taiwan 660 billion The global exports in billions of $ (2017) Hong Kong 496,9 Singapore 372,9 South Korea 577,4 Taiwan 344,6 The global imports in billions of $ (2017) Hong Kong 558,6 Singapore 327,4 South Korea 457,5 Taiwan 272,6 The global foreign direct investment inflows in $ Hong Kong 68,4 billion (2019) Singapore 92 billion (2019) South Korea 10,5 billion (2019) Taiwan 8 billion (2019 The global debt in $ (2020) Hong Kong 1 002 million (2019) Singapore 458,13 billion (2020) South Korea 720,73 billion (2019) Taiwan 200 103 million (2019) The global CO2 production in tons (2016) Hong Kong 47 066 386 Singapore 48 381 759 South Korea 604 043 830 Taiwan 276 724 868 Development ● Affection of natural resources and geography for economic growth: ○ natural resource ○ proximity to the sea ○ people living in the coastal area ○ location in the tropics ● Demographic point of view: ○ Growth rate of the working age population ○ Life expectancy at birth Education ● Human capital= factor for measuring productivity of a country ○ more educated and skilled workforce = production of more output ● Primary school in 1965: ○ South Korea, Taiwan: basic level of education ○ Hong Kong: private schools with intervention of government ○ decrease of discrepancies in gender literacy rates Source: Excel, Barro and Lee Dataset Labour market rigidity ● Rises in labor market rigidity are negatively correlated with output and economic growth. -
'The Role and Importance of Sri Lanka in the Geopolitical Strategies Of
‘The Role and Importance of Sri Lanka in the Geopolitical Strategies of China and India’ Bachelor Thesis Political Geography Name: Stan Goudsmit Studentnumber: 10755446 Supervisor: Dr. N.P.C. Beerepoot Second reader: Dr. J.M. Bavinck Study: Sociale Geografie & Planologie Words: 16935 Date: 19-06-2017 Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................... 4 2.1 Introducing the Balance of Power Theory and Power Transition Theory ...................... 4 2.1.1. A brief general overview of both theories ......................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Similarities ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.3 Differences ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 The extended alliances theories ................................................................................................. 10 2.3 The different Powers ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Great Powers ............................................................................................................................................... -
28 Th December 2016 [PDF
Wednesday, December 28, 2016 ith the objective of creating objective of directly sending this Wa generation of healthy Sri message to the people, was very Lankans, an edifi cation programme productive and it is expected to was held by the Industrial Technol- hold such edifi cation programmes ogy Institute (ITI) for Public Health island-wide. The State Minister Inspectors. In this programme of Science, Technology and they were edifi ed on the impor- Research Lakshman Seneviratne, tance of identifying molecular the Director General of ITI G.A.S. residue levels of agrochemicals Premakumara and several offi cials and heavy metals hi-tech participated in this occasion. equipment such as LCMS / MS and ICT / MS and the methodologies of running such tests. This programme, initi- ated by the ITI with the e witnessed through graphs Maithripala Sirisena according to a conducting research at that institution. proposal of Prof. Vajira Dissanayake As results of those research projects, Wthat the number of scientifi c he Kaohsiung of Mayurapada Central publications being published annually has been planned for four years. This we have transferred the technology TInternational College, Narammala, won a has gradually increased from 1996 is to cost one billion Rupees. resulting from some research projects Invention & Design Gold Medal for the system- to 2014. Furthermore, those graphs This will be a laboratory operated with for money. Few more are getting Expo (KIDE) atic plaster laying machine showed where we are in the Asian contributions from both State and ready to be transferred. 2016 was held in invented by him and N.M. -
Crop Prospects and Food Situation, No. 4 December 2016
No. 4 n December 2016 Crop Prospects and Food Situation HIGHLIGHTS CONTENTS n Global cereal production in 2016 received a further boost, owing to generally Countries Requiring External favourable growing conditions for the crops harvested later in the season. Assistance for Food 2 n COUNTRIES IN NEED OF EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE: FAO estimates that Global Production Overview 6 39 countries, including 28 in Africa, are in need of external assistance for food, six more than the corresponding period in 2015. Continued conflicts and LIFDC Food Situation Overview 9 weather‑related shocks are the main causes of intensified food insecurity in 2016. n AFRICA: Dry‑weather‑reduced outputs in North and Southern Africa more than Regional Reviews outweighed production gains in East and West Africa, resulting in an overall Africa 11 reduced aggregate cereal production in 2016. The low harvests in Southern Africa Asia 21 severely stressed food security conditions, while conflicts, notably in Nigeria and in Latin America and the Caribbean 27 South Sudan, continued to severely erode productive capacities and acutely intensified North America, Europe and Oceania 30 food insecurity in the affected areas. Statistical Appendix 33 n ASIA: A sharp recovery in India’s output is mostly behind the strong 2016 production rebound in the Far East, while beneficial weather also boosted the production of the Asian CIS subregion. Several Near Eastern countries continued to be severely affected by the negative impact of conflicts on agriculture, livelihoods and food security, which adversely impacted the outcomes of the 2016 cereal harvest despite generally beneficial weather. n LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: Drought‑reduced crops in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil and Paraguay caused a sharp cut in the 2016 aggregate South American cereal output, while production recoveries are expected in most Central American countries, following last year’s drought‑reduced harvests.