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Pennsylvania Schools and Childcares Contents For PennsylvaniaIPM Schools and Childcares A HOW-TO MANUAL Introduction to the 2019 Edition The first edition of this manual was published in importance of “good bugs” and the need for 2002. Shortly thereafter legislation was enacted conservation and provides tips for attracting requiring each Pennsylvania school district, beneficial organisms to school and childcare intermediate unit, and area vocational-technical gardens and grounds. school to develop an integrated pest management • The addition of “How to Develop an IPM (IPM) plan (Act 35 of 2002), notify parents and Policy and Plan for Your School District or guardians 72 hours prior to any pesticide appli- Childcare Facility/Provider” on page 15 shows cations, and post warning signs 72 hours prior to the parts of an acceptable plan with an and 48 hours after any pesticide applications in outline to adapt it for your school/childcare. school buildings or on school grounds (Act 36 of 2002). • The Pennsylvania School Boards Association In 2012, the Pennsylvania Department of policy has been replaced with an updated Agriculture (PDA) Health and Safety Division version reflecting the effects of the school determined that these regulations apply to child- IPM legislation. cares as well as K–12 schools since childcare facil- ities are explicitly covered by the Pennsylvania • A sample notification letter for parents and Pesticide Control Act of 1973. Note that this guardians has been added, as well as a includes the provision that only a licensed pest sample pest control information sheet used control operator can apply a pesticide in a facility to inform staff and parents and guardians or a home-based childcare center. about pesticide applications. In addition, the Pennsylvania Department of • The “Intent to Apply Pesticides” page has Health recommends that IPM be a part of indoor been replaced with a “Notice of Pesticide air quality guidelines for Pennsylvania schools. Application” sign that is 8½ inches by 11 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inches as required by the legislation. studies of human exposure to air pollutants indi- cate that indoor levels of pollutants may be two • The “Contract Guide Specifications” on page to five times higher than outdoor levels. Children 19 have been somewhat simplified. may be especially susceptible to air pollution • A “Frequently Asked Questions” section has since they breathe a greater volume of air relative been added on page 163 that answers many to their body weight than adults. One specific of the questions PA IPM has received about contaminant addressed by the EPA’s report Indoor proper application of IPM procedures and Air Quality Tools for Schools are pesticides. Chronic interpretations of state pesticide laws. exposure to some pesticides can result in damage to the liver, kidneys, and nervous system. • A description of the Worker Protection The following are some of the important Standard is now included in Appendix B on changes to this edition: page 182. • Childcare providers have been included due • There is now a universal poison control to changes in state regulations. number used nationwide: 1-800-222-1222. • A new section addressing the role of pests as • Copies of the acts are included on pages asthma triggers can be found in “Asthma, 178–181. Pests, and Pesticides.” • Additional resources have been listed and • A new section on “IPM for Bed Bugs” website addresses have been updated. addresses a critical need for evidence-based information about the control of bed bugs in • At the time of print, several new pests were schools and childcares. emerging in Pennsylvania (e.g., spotted lanternfly, emerald ash borer, tick species/ • A new section on “Who Does What?” explains diseases vectored, mosquito species/diseases what the legislation requires of the school/ vectored, nonnative and invasive plants and childcare and others. fish) as a result of human behaviors and • A new section on “Beneficial Insects and climate change. Best management practices Pollinators” has been added that explains the for these pests is ongoing and evolving as 2 IPM for Pennsylvania Schools and Childcares Contents Introduction to the 2019 Edition ........................2 IPM for Mosquitoes ........................................... 89 Acknowledgments ...............................................3 IPM for Rodents ................................................. 96 IPM for Silverfish, Firebrats, Getting Started with IPM for and Booklice.....................................................106 Schools and Childcares .........................6 IPM for Spiders .................................................109 IPM Begins with Prevention ............................... 7 IPM for Ticks .......................................................114 Steps for Starting an IPM Program ...................8 IPM for Wood-Damaging Pests .......................121 IPM Recordkeeping Activities ............................9 IPM for Yellowjackets, Hornets, and Elements of a School and Paper Wasps ..................................................138 Childcare IPM Policy ........................................9 School IPM Legislation ...................................... 10 Integrated Pest Management Model IPM Policy for Schools and Childcare for Plant Pests ...................................144 Providers .......................................................... 12 IPM for School Lawns ...................................... 144 How to Develop an IPM Policy and Plan IPM Plan for Hairy Chinch Bugs ....................152 for Your School District or Childcare IPM for Trees and Shrubs ...............................155 Facility/Provider (Complying with IPM for Weeds ...................................................158 Pennsylvania Act 35 of 2002) ...................... 15 Forms ....................................................................24 Frequently Asked Questions: IPM Plans and Pesticide Notification Special Topics for Pennsylvania Schools Legislation, Acts 2002-35 and and Childcares .................................... 32 2002-36 of Pennsylvania ....................163 Asthma, Pests, and Pesticides .........................32 Beneficial Insects and ollinatorsP ...................34 References and Resources ................170 Pests .....................................................................39 References by Section..................................... 170 Additional References ..................................... 173 Integrated Pest Management Additional Resources ....................................... 174 for Animals ..........................................41 IPM for Ants ......................................................... 41 Appendix A: Pesticide Rules and IPM for Bed Bugs ................................................47 Regulations in Pennsylvania Schools IPM for Clothes Moths and Carpet Beetles ..... 56 and Childcares ....................................176 IPM for Cockroaches ......................................... 61 Introduction to Acts 35 and 36 ...................... 177 IPM for Fleas .......................................................73 IPM for Flies .........................................................78 Appendix B: What Is the Worker IPM for Head Lice .............................................. 86 Protection Standard? ..........................182 Contents 5 Table 4.1. Characteristics of Common Cockroach Species SPECIES COLOR AND DISTINCTIVE MARKINGS LENGTH OF AVERAGE LIFE CYCLE REPRODUCTION PREFERRED HABITAT ADULT NUMBER OF FROM EGG TO CHARACTERISTICS EGGS PER ADULT EGG CASE* American Cockroach Reddish brown throughout with a pale band on the 1½–1¾ inches 14 320–1,071 days Egg case deposited on or near floor, Usually found in basements or sewers; can live outside during warm weather; prefers warm, moist areas, such (Periplaneta americana), FIGURE 4.1A edge of the pronotum (platelike structure behind usually close to food and concealed in as around furnaces or heating ducts, steam pipe tunnels, drainage manholes and grease traps, and sewers the head on the back) debris; needs high humidity to hatch Brown-Banded Cockroach Tan with faint, V-shaped, lighter bands on wings; ⅜–½ inch 16 143–379 days Egg case glued to ceilings, beneath Favors cracks and crevices but prefers them in warm, dry areas throughout the building; prefers high locations (Supella longipalpa), FIGURE 4.1B nymph has two distinct brown bands running furniture, or in closets; will glue egg in heated buildings but can also be found under furniture, in appliances that generate heat, including computers, crosswise on body cases on top of one another etc.; on the undersides of counters that support appliances that generate heat; in ceiling light fixtures, tele- phones, desks, boxes, and piles of debris or stored material in closets; and behind pictures and picture frames Cuban Cockroach Uniformly pale green; both sexes fully winged; ⅞–1 inch 56 144–181 days Female carries egg case until the Tropical insect; found only in greenhouses, malls, and indoor plantings; attracted to lights; active at night (Panchlora nivea), FIGURE 4.1C good fliers nymphs hatch 3 German Cockroach Light brown with two black bars on the pronotum ½–⅝ inch 37 64–251 days Female carries egg case until the Usually found in kitchens and restrooms; prefers dark voids such as cracks and crevices not more than /16 inch (Blattella germanica), FIGURE 4.1D nymphs hatch wide, especially in warm, moist areas, such as food preparation areas; the undersides of tables,
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