J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 55-84 A checklist of flowering of Panchase Protected , Kaski district, central

Prabin Bhandari1*, Shanta Budhamagar1 and Krishna K. Shrestha1

1Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal [email protected]

ABSTRACT Panchase Protected Forest (PPF), situated at the junction of three districts Kaski, Syangja and Parbat with an elevation range of 900-2517m representing mid hills of Nepal. This study was carried out with an aim of documenting the flowering diversity of the Panchase Protected Forest, Kaski district, comprising three VDCs, Bhadaure Tamage, Chapakot and Pumdi Bhumdi. General survey, covering all seasons was organized (from June 2014 to May 2015) for collecting the plant . Published literatures and herbarium specimens were also consulted for documenting the species. Identification of the collected specimens was made through consulting relevant literatures, herbarium specimens and expert consultation. A total of 613 species belonging to 393 genera and 111 families have been documented from this area. The dominant family was (49 genera and 125 species) followed by (25 spp.), (25 spp.) and others. Six endemic plants, Begonia flagellaris (Begoniaceae), pokharensis, nepalensis, Oberonia nepalensis, Odontochilus nandae and Panisea panchaseensis (Orchidaceae) were also reported. Similarly, present research revealed two taxa as new record for flora of Nepal, Dischidia bengalensis Colebr. () and Phreatia elegans Lindl. (Orchidaceae). The present findings suggest that PPF is one of the hotspot for floral diversity representing mid hills of Nepal and this pristine habitat for orchid should be developed as ‘Orchid Sanctuary’. Keywords: endemic, flora, mid hills, new record, orchidaceae

INTRODUCTION Mid hills of Nepal are the depositories of large number of plant species as maximum species richness lies in this range (1500-2500m) (Vetaas & Grytness, 2002). Panchase is an important midmountain ecological zone of Nepal (Bhattarai et al., 2012) and is considered as a biological corridor between Chitwan National Park and Annapurna Conservation Area. Panchase mountain harbors diverse ecosystem: forest, shrubland, wetland, rangeland and agriculture; Schima-Castanopsis and temperate broad leaved forest predominant the region (GoN, 2013; Maren et al., 2013). This forest housed rare, threatened and endemic plant species including six endemic and three threatened orchid species (Bajracharya et al., 2003; Subedi et al., 2007, 2011; Maren et al., 2013; Raskoti, 2015; Raskoti & Kurzweil, 2015). Furthermore, Panchase is home to number of endangered wildlife species including the Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus), the common leopard (Panthera pardus), and eight species of bats (Aryal & Dhungel, 2009; Malla et al., 2013). Considering the biological significance of this 56 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 region, Government of Nepal, MoFSC, has declared the forest as “Panchase Protected Forest” in 2012 (DoF, 2012). Botanical exploration in Panchase starts since early 1950s. Stainton and his colleagues collected several plant specimens along Pokhara to Baglung in 1954 (Stainton, 1972). During that visit, some collections were from Mt. Panchase as registered in Flora of Nepal database (www.floraofnepal.org). Joshi and Amatya collect 1611 plant specimens from Central Nepal along the route Butwal-Pokhara in 1973 (Rajbhandari, 2002); a few plant specimens collected from Panchase during the expedition of Joshi and Amatya have been listed in Flora of Nepal database. Similarly, hundreds of plant specimens were collected and deposited in Herbarium of the University of Tokyo, (TI) in 1999 by a Herbal expedition team of Kanazawa University, Japan, from Panchase region (see TI Herbarium database). Koirala (1998) reported 306 plant species including some medicinal plants from Panchase. Subedi (2002) reported 170 species of orchids around Pokhara valley of which 98 species are represented from Panchase. Bajracharya et al. (2003) reported an endemic orchid ‘Eria pokharensis Bajrach., Subedi & K.K. Shrestha’ from Lumle. Subedi et al. (2007) reported 112 species of Orchids from Panchase forest. Subedi et al. (2011) recorded an endemic orchid ‘Panisea panchaseensis Subedi’ from Panchase. Raskoti and Kurzweil (2015) recorded an endemic orchid species ‘Odontochilus nandae Raskoti & H. Kurzweil’ from Panchase. Similarly, Raskoti (2015) reported another endemic orchid ‘Gastrochilus nepalensis Raskoti’ from Panchase mountain. Thus this paper attempts to compile the previous works along with the present study, listing the flowering plants of Panchase Protected Forest, Kaski district, Central Nepal.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area The Panchase area is situated in the mid hills of central Nepal, at the junction of three districts, Kaski, Parbat and Syangja. It lies at latitudes between 280 12’ and 280 18’ N and longitudes 830 45’ and 830 57’ E. The total area of the Panchase forest covers 45.93 Km2 of which Kaski district shares 23 Km2, comprising three VDCs, Bhadaure Tamage, Chapakot and Pumdi Bhumdi. Altitude ranges from 900 m to 2517 m. Panchase region possesses extreme steep slope to flat area with different terraces of terrain, and exists on a geological rock of mid land group. Climate is subtropical at lower altitudes and moist temperate above 2000 m. Many rivers and tributaries originated from Panchase, among them Phewa lake is the main reservoir. Wide climatic variation, steep vertical gradient allows a high diversity of ecosystem (wetland, forest and grassland) in Panchase region. Panchase area consists of hill Sal forest at base succeeding Schima-Castanopsis forest, Alder forest, lower temperate oak forest, Oak Laurel forest and -Taxus forest in the top. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 57

FIG. 1. Location of Panchase in Nepal, enlarged portion showing the studied VDCs. 58 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18

Data collection Field visits were carried out from June 2014 to August 2015 within the elevation range of 900- 2500m covering all the habitat types and vegetation zones, wherever possible. Previously collected specimens from Panchase, deposited at Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH) and National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories (KATH) were also studied. Information on herbarium specimens housed outside Nepal was obtained through online information on herbaria [Herbarium of the University of Tokyo, Japan (TI) database, www.plants.jstor.org, www.floraofnepal.org. The present checklist also includes the collection of A. Subedi from 1998 to 2007, based on Subedi et al. (2007). The collected plant specimens were identified using relevant taxonomic literatures: Hooker (1872-1897), Flora of (Grierson & Long, 1983-2001; Noltie, 1994-2000; Pearce & Cribb, 2002), Malla et al. (1986), Wu et al. (1994- 2008), Press et al. (2000), Raskoti (2009), Watson (2011). Doubtful specimens were identified through expert consultation. Final confirmation of identified species was done by comparing the specimens deposited at KATH and TUCH and with the images of specimens deposited at Herbarium of University of Tokyo, Japan (TI), Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England (K) and Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, England (E). The identified specimens were deposited at TUCH and KATH. For the nomenclature and author citation of plant species, TROPICOS (www.tropicos.org) and ‘The Plant List’ (www.theplantlist.org) were followed. The families are based on APG III (2009). For reader’s convience, the checklist (table1) is arranged alphabetically.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The flora of Panchase Protected Forest Protected Forest was composed of a total of 613 species under 393 genera and 111 families of flowering plants (table 1), which includes the present collection, published literature and past collection housed in national (KATH and TUCH) and international herbaria (BM, K, TI). Three families represent gymnosperms with 4 genera and 5 species. Angiosperms were represented by 108 families with 608 species belonging to 389 genera. Among 613 flowering plants, 64 % (395 spp.) of total species was represented by herbs, 15% (92 spp.) by trees, by 12% (73 spp.) and 9% (53 spp.) by climbers. Orchidaceae was the dominant family with 49 genera and 125 species, followed by Poaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, , Cyperaceae, , , , Apocynaceae, Moraceae and others. The largest recorded was comprising 18 species, followed by Dendrobium (13 spp.), Ficus (10 spp.), Impatiens with 8 spp., etc. The other larger genera were , , , Oberonia, Polygonum, etc. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of fl owering plants of Panchase...... 59

FIG. 2. Total number of taxa in Panchase protected forest.

FIG. 3. Percentage of life forms of Plant species from Panchase region. Panchase is reported to have 6 endemic plant species of Nepal, of which the four species: Eria pokharensis, Gastrochilus nepalensis, Odontochilus nandae, Panisea panchaseensis and (Orchidaceae) are local endemic (Bajracharya et al., 2003; Subedi et al., 2011; Raskoti, 2015; Raskoti & Kurzweil, 2015) and not found beyond Panchase and the rest two [Begonia fl agellaris H.Hara (Begioniaceae), Oberonia nepalensis (Orchidaceae)] are region endemic and distributed in Central Nepal (Shakya & Chaudhary, 1999; Rajbhandari & Adhikari, 2009; Rajbhandari & Dhungana, 2010), in and around Panchase region. So far, the previous works are concerned, Koirala (1998) has given a list of 310 plant species from Panchase, of which no voucher specimen could be traced. Some species reported by Subedi et al. (2007) (*sign in checklist) are of doubtful occurrence as no voucher specimens could be traced and 60 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 they have not been collected during the present work. Similarly, we could not discover the two species (Tsuga dumosa (D.Don) Eichler and Pedicularis gracilis Wall. ex Benth.) which Stainton collected about 60 years ago from Panchase region, moreover flora of Nepal database has registered these species collected from Panchase as housed in BM and E (www.floraofnepal.org). Panchase is the natural habitat of nearly one third orchids of Nepal, and this pristine habitat for orchid should be developed as “Orchid Sanctuary”. The overall plant diversity of PPF shows the area’s ability supporting rare, endemic, threatened as well as common species. Thus PPF can be regarded as one of the hotspot of plant diversity in central Nepal. New addition to flora of Nepal The present study revealed two genera including the respective species as new addition to the flora of Nepal, namely Dischidia bengalensis Colebr. [Apocynaceae] (Bhandari & Shrestha, 2016) and Phreatia elegans Lindl. [Orchidaceae] (Bhandari et al., 2015).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Authors are thankful to National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories (KATH) and Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH) for allowing us to examine herbarium specimens. We are also grateful to local peoples of Panchase region for their kind cooperation during the course of study.

REFERENCES APG III (2009) An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III.Bot J Linn Soc 161: 105–121. ARYAL, A; DHUNGEL, S K (2009) Species diversity and distribution of bat in Panchase region of Nepal. Conservation and Information Network of South 1(1): 11–14. BAJRACHARYA, D M; SUBEDI, A; SHRESTHA, K K (2003) Eria pokharensis sp. Nov. (Orchidaceae); A new species from Nepal Himalaya. J Orchid Soc 17(1-2): 1–4. BHANDARI, P; SHRESTHA, K K (2016) Dischidia bengalensis Colebr. (Apocynaceae)- a new record for the flora of Nepal. The Japanese Journal of Botany 91 (5): 310–313. BHANDARI, P; RASKOTI, B B; SHRESTHA, K K (2015) Pheretia elegans Lindley (Orchidaceae)- a new record for flora of Nepal. Pleione 9(2): 365–368. BHATTARAI, K R; MAREN, I E; CHAUDHARY, R P (2012) Medicinal plant knowledge of the Panchase Regon in the middle hills of the Nepalese , Banko Janakari 21(2): 31–39. DoF (2012) Panchase protected forest management plan. Department of Forest (DoF), Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (MoFSC), Government of Nepal, Kathamndu, Nepal. GRIERSON, A J C; LONG, D G (1993-2000) Flora of Bhutan, Vol. 1, Part 1–3; Vol. 2, Part 1-3. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan. GoN (2013) Ecosystem and ecosystem services of Panchase: an overview. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal. HOOKER, J D (1872-1887) Flora of British India. Vol. I-VII. Reev and Company, London, UK. KOIRALA, R A (1998) Botanical diversity within the project area of Machhapuchhre Development Organization, Bhadaure/Tamage VDC, Kaski district. A baseline Survey for Machhapuchhre Development Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 61

Organization (MDO), Bhadaure/Tamage, Kaski district, Nepal. MALLA, D B; ARYAL, A; KUWOR, K J (2013) Distribution and food resources of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and human-bear conflict in the Panchase protected forest of Nepal. International Bear News 22(2): 33–35. MALLA, S B; RAJBHANDARI, S B; SHRESTHA, T B; ADHIKARI, P M; ADHIKARI, S R; SHAKYA, P R; (1986) Flora of Kathmandu Valley. Bull. Dept. med. Plants Nepal No.11. His Majesty’s Government, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. MAREN, I E; BHATTARAI, K R; CHAUDHARY, R P (2013) Forest ecosystem services and biodiversity in contrasting Himalayas forest management services. Environmental Conservation 41(1): 73–83. NOLTIE, H J (1994–2000) Flora of Bhutan, Vol. 3, Part 1–2, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan. PEARCE, N R; CRIB, P J (2002) Flora of Bhutan. Vol. 3, Part 3. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. PRESS, J R; SHRESTHA, K K; SUTTON, D A (2000) Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal. The Natural History Museum, London, UK. RAJBHANDARI, K R (2002) Flora of Nepal: 200 years’s march. In NOSHIRO, S; RAJBHANDARI, K R (eds) Himalayn botany in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Society of Himalayan Botany, Tokyo, Japan. RAJBHANDARI, K R ; ADHIKARI, M K (2009) Endemic flowering plants of Nepal, Part 1. DPR Bull. Sp. Publication No.1, DPR, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. RAJBHANDARI, K R; DHUNGANA, S K (2010) Endemic flowering plants of Nepal, Part 2. DPR Bull. Sp. Publication No.2, DPR, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. RASKOTI, B B; KURZWEIL, H (2015) Odontochilus nandae (Orchidaceae; Cranichidae; ), a new species from Nepal. Phytotaxa 233(3): 293–297. RASKOTI, B B (2009) The orchids of Nepal. Quality Printers, Kathmandu, Nepal. RASTOKI, B B (2015) A new species of Gastrochilus and new records for the orchids of Nepal. Phytotaxa 233(3): 179–184. SHAKYA, L R; CHAUDHARY, R P (1999) of Oberonia rufilabris (Orchidaceae) and allied new species from the Himalaya. Harvard Papers in Botany 4(1): 357–363. STAINTON, J D A (1972) Forest of Nepal. John Murray, London, UK. SUBEDI, A (2002) Orchids around Pokhara valley of Nepal. LI-BIRD Occasional Paper No.: 1. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), Pokhara, Nepal. SUBEDI, A; CHAUDHARY, R P ; VERMEULEN, J J ; GRAVENDEEL, B (2011) Panisea panchaseensis sp. Nov. (Orchidaceae) from central Nepal. Nord J of Bot 29: 361–365. SUBEDI, A; SUBEDI, N; CHAUDHARY, R P (2007) Panchase Forest: an extraordinary place for wild orchids in Nepal. Pleione 1: 23–31. VETAAS, O R; GRYTNES, J A (2002) Distribution of species richness and endemic richness along the Himalayan elevation gradient in Nepal. Global Ecol Biogeogr 11: 291–301. WATSON, M F; MKIYAMA, S; IKEDA, H; PENDRY, C; RAJBHANDARI, K R; SHRESTHA, K K (eds) (2011) Flora of Nepal, Vol. 3. The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, UK. WU, Z; RAVEN, P H; HONG, D (1994-2008) Flora of , Vol 4, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25. 62 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 Herbarium TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH Collection Number P1278 P1238 P1336 P1317 P1515 P1516 P1517 P698 P749 P8314 P1518 P688 P110 P1519 P487 P720 P1475 P114 P1224 P1520 P405 P818 P819 P503 P761 Elevation (m) 1500-1850 2100 1340 1640 1600 2500 1500 1490 2300 1520 1890 1460 1200 1600 1700 1630 1000 1200 2500 1500 1810 2500 2500 1700 2490 Locality Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Bhadaure Tamage, Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Philing Ghari, Chapakot Panchase forest Near Pamdur Panchase forest Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Chapakot Makwanpur, Ghantichhina, Bhadaure Tamage Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Life form Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Scientific name Asystasia macrocarpa Nees Hypoestes triflora (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. Lepidagathis incurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Anderson Phlogacanthus pubinervius T. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Anderson T. Strobilanthes capitata (Nees) Strobilanthes glutinosa J.Graham Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Steud.) Bosser & Heine Strobilanthes lachenensis C.B. Clarke Anderson T. Strobilanthes penstemonoides (Nees) Thunbergia coccinea Wall. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Acorus calamus L. napaulensis DC. Achyranthes aspera L. Achyranthes bidentata Blume ex DC. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. Amaranthus spinosus L. Allium wallichii Kunth A.W.Hill Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt & Rhus succedanea L. Acronema tenerum (DC.) Edgew. Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P.Balakr. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Heracleum nepalense D. Don Family Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Acoraceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amarylidaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae S.N. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis). 1. Checklist of flowering plants Panchase protected forest, Kaski district, central Nepal. TABLE Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 63 TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH P813 P713 P631 P426 P547 P863 P680 P753 1339P P1231 P833 P444 P876 P1229 P663 P1303 P432 P617 P1418 P1504 P434 P408 2100 1630 1600 1920 2030 1500 1070 2100-2400 900-1100 2200 1900-2100 1650 1500 2200-2300 1900 2280-2510 1940-2030 2400 1400 1600 2100 2360 Bhanjang, Bhadaure Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Makwanpur, Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Ketuke Kharka, Panchasae forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Panchase forest Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Panchase forest Aal danda, Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb P.K. Mukh. Hydrocotyle himalaica P.K. Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook. Oenanthe thomsonii C.B. Clarke Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don lucidum (D. Don) K. Schum. Trachelospermum Ceropegia longifolia Wall. Ceropegia macrantha Wight Ceropegia pubescens Wall. Dischidia bengalensis Colebr. Hoya edeni King ex Hook.f. Hoya fusca Wall. ex D.Don Hoya lanceolata Wall. ex D. Don Hoya linearis Wall. ex Madden Marsdenia lucida Edgew. tenerrima Wight Tylophora Ilex dipyrena Wall. Hook. f. Ilex excelsa (Wall.) Ilex fragilis Hook. f. Bogner & Mayo Amorphophallus napalensis (Wall.) Ariopsis peltata Nimmo Arisaema concinnum Schott Mart. ex Schott & Endl. Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae Araceae Araceae Araceae Araceae 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 64 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P618 P1505 P1294 P442 P570 P1342 P1521 P1522 P1523 P1287 P443 P1564 P532 P809 P1506 P611 P781 P1341 P579 P1263 P792 P456 P492 P1279 P533 P1474 P1473 P1201 P1438 P1282 P1513 2170 2170 2100-2200 1900-2100 2300 1060 1800 1800 1700 1940 1900 2500 2100 1950 2300 2400 1940 2200-2350 2500 2350 1900 1600 1700 1500-1700 2100 1800 1800 1600 1600 1500 2100 Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Pancahse forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Aal danda, Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Climber Tree Climber Climber Tree Climber Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb (Wall.) Schott Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Arisaema intermedium Blume Mart. Arisaema nepenthoides (Wall.) Schott Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) hookeriana Schott Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott Schott Rhaphidophora glauca (Wall.) Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott Brassaiopsis hainla (Buch.-Ham.) Seem. Hedera nepalensis K. Koch Pentapanax leschenaultii (DC.) Seem. Frodin Schefflera rhododendrifolia (Griff.) Thomson ex Duch. Aristolochia griffithi Hook. f. & Asparagus racemosus Willd. Chlorophytum nepalense (Lindl.) Baker LaFrankie Maianthemum fuscum (Wall.) Ophiopogon intermedius D.Don Polygonatum punctatum Royle ex Kunth All. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) ex Hook. f. aurantiaca (Baker) Wall. Tupistra Adenostemma lavenia (L.) Kuntze Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Ainsliaea latifolia (D.Don) Sch.Bip. busua (Buch.-Ham.) DC. Anaphalis contorta (D.Don) Hook.f. Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) C.B.Clarke Artemisia dubia L. ex B.D.Jacks. Bidens pilosa L. Blumea hieracifolia Hayata Cirsium wallichii DC. Araceae Araceae Araceae Araceae Araceae Araceae Araceae Araceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Aristolochiaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 65 TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH A TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH P1308 P1281 P732 P641 P1471 P1265 P1325 P1446 P1225 P1209 P1313 P702 P712 P1226 P551 P1472 P1260 P1212 P718 P835 P719 P832 P731 P433 P737 P1457 2040 1500-1600 1580 2200 1400 1600-2500 1520 1600 2500 1900 1690 1490 1630 2500 1800 2200 2350 1800-2400 1630 2500 1630 2340 1500-1600 1930 2050 2200 Harpan danda, Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Philing Ghari, Chapakot Chapakot Makawanpur, Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) C.Jeffrey Cissampelopsis buimalia (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) C.Jeffrey Y.L.Chen & (S.F.Blake) Pruski & G.Sancho Conyza sumatrensis (S.F.Blake) Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob Dicrocephala integrifolia (Roth) Schltdl. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Gerbera maxima (D.Don) Beauverd Gynura nepalensis DC. Gynura sarcobasis DC. Melanoseris violifolia (Decne.) N. Kilian Myriactis nepalensis Less. Anderb. affine (D.Don) Spilanthes acmella (L.) L. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Y.L.Chen & Synotis alata C.Jeffrey parvulum DC. Taraxacum sikkimense Hand.-Mazz. Taraxacum japonica (L.) DC. Youngia Balanophora polyandra Griff. Impatiens bicornuta Wall. Impatiens cymbifera Hook.f. Impatiens discolor DC. Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. f. Impatiens insignis DC. Impatiens puberula DC. Impatiens racemosa DC. Impatiens scabrida DC. Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Balanophoraceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 66 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P482 P701 P817 P512 P676 P517 P658 P1421 P1420 P1321 P1437 P1206 P1232 P557 P801 P772 P1245 P414 P1331 P585 P1320 P1476 P758 P1247 P872 P740 P409 1600-1890 1490-2300 2500 1980 1070 1700-2030 2030 2300 1400-2000 1520 1700-2500 1600 2100-2400 1640-2320 1800-1950 1800-2400 1350 1800-1920 1460-1950 2500 1540 1200 2500 1800 1400 2050-2350 1870 Bhadaure Deurali Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi & Panchase forest Panchase forest Niyale, Chapakot Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Bisauni, Panchase forest Tandi Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Shrub Climber Climber Herb Shrub Begonia annulata K.Koch Begonia dioica Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Begonia flagellaris H.Hara A.DC. Begonia megaptera Begonia picta Sm. Berberis aristata DC. Berberis asiatica Roxb. ex DC. napaulensis DC. Alnus nepalensis D.Don Bothriospermum tenellum (Hornem.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Brand Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vahl) Cardamine yunnanensis Franch. Sarcococca wallichii Stapf Campanula pallida Wall. Codonopsis purpurea Wall. Codonopsis viridis Wall. Lobelia alsinoides Lam. Lobelia nummularia Lam. Lobelia pyramidalis Wall. Thomson Peracarpa carnosa Hook.f. & A.DC. marginata (Thunb.) Wahlenbergia Crateva unilocularis Buch.-Ham. Leycesteria formosa Wall. Lonicera glabrata Wall. Lonicera macrantha (D.Don) Spreng. hardwickii Wall. Valeriana erubescens Wall. Viburnum Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Betulaceae Boraginaceae Brassicaceae Buxaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Capparaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 67 TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TI TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P1423 P881 P1511 P1477 P1230 P574 P594 P413 9963747 P689 P700 P847 P838 P1441 P1203 P1206 P711 P776 P1524 P805 P578 P603 P1301 P779 P1499 P1500 P1501 1600 1400 1600 1600 2500 2360 2500 1900 2000-2500 1520 1490 1500 1700 2500 1600 1600-2500 1630 1000-2200 1600 1800 1500-2500 2490 2490 1970 2000 2000 2000 Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhanjang-Mt. Panchase Panchase forest Philing Ghari, Chapakot Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Viburnum mullaha Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Viburnum Carlemannia griffithii Benth. Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Stellaria monosperma Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Euonymus echinatus Wall. Euonymus lucidus D.Don Merr. Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Commelina maculata Edgew. Commelina paludosa Blume Schult. & Schult.f. Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) scandens Lour. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Staples Dinetus grandiflorus (Wall.) Dinetus racemosus (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Sweet (Thunb.) Makino C.B. Clarke Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Ser.) Solena heterophylla Lour. Wight wallichiana (Ser.) Trichosanthes Hand.-Mazz. Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Carex filicina Nees Taylor & Tilloch Carex nubigena D. Don ex Carex setigera D. Don Cyperus cyperioides (L.) Kuntze Cyperus iria L. Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperus tenuiculmis Boeckeler Caprifoliaceae Carlemmaniaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Celastraceae Celastraceae Colchicaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 68 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P1307 P705 P706 P1244 P784 P715 P446 P697 9961148 P810 P1525 P1526 P1318 P1527 P816 P622 P569 P1302 P549 P573 P605 P1242 P157 P210 P1528 P1479 2200 1490 1490 1460 1900 1630 1400-2500 1490 1730 1950 900 1000 1640 1000 2280 2300 2250 2490 1600-2500 2250 2250-2500 1800 1200 1700 1000 1000 Panchase forest Philing Ghari, Chapakot Philing Ghari, Chapakot Tamage Panchase forest Harpan village Tamage Bhadaure Philing Ghari, Chapakot Tamage Bhadaure Panchase forest Tamage Thula khet, Bhadaure Tamage Thula khet, Bhadaure Tamage Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Harpan khola, Bhadaure Tamage Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Herb Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) J. Presl & C. Fimbristylis dichotomai (L.) Vahl Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) J. Kern Nees ex C.B. Clarke Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla Daphniphyllum himalayense (Benth.) Müll.Arg. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Diospyros lancifolia Roxb. ex Royle Elaeagnus parvifolia Wall. Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum. Gaultheria nummularioides D.Don Drude ovalifolia (Wall.) Lyonia Monotropa uniflora L. D. Don Pieris formosa (Wall.) Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Rhododendron dalhousieae Hook. f. dunalianum Wight Vaccinium Eriocaulon nepalense Prescott ex Bong. Euphorbia milii Des Moul. Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Euphorbia thymifolia L. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Daphniphyllaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Dipterocapaceae Ebenaceae Elaeagnaceae Elaeocarpaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Eriocaulaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 185. 186. 181. 182. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 69 TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P1529 P1478 P864 P1530 P825 P808 P1440 P1408 P222 P870 P776 P857 P855 P1484 P856 P778 P879 P1323 P874 P850 P762 P541 P760 P1241 P225 P448 P1531 1000 1600 1500 1400-1500 2500 1800-2040 2500 1400 1200-1400 1400 2000 1500 1500 2000 1500-1600 1970 1500 1520 1500 1500 2500 1800-2100 2490 1850 1200 1400-1600 1400-1800 Harpan khola, Bhadaure Tamage Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Panchase danda Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Pumdi Bhumdi Tamage Bhadaure Panchase danda Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Bhadaure Tamage, Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Tree Tree Herb Tree Herb Climber Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Tree Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Falconeria insignis Royle Macaranga pustulata King ex Hook.f. Aeschynomene indica L. Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Amphicarpaea ferruginea Benth. Benth. Apios carnea (Wall.) Astragalus chlorostachys Lindl. Bauhinia purpurea L. Bauhinia variegata L. Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) H.Ohashi Crotalaria cytisoides DC. Crotalaria ferruginea Benth. Crotalaria sessiliflora L. Desmodium concinnum DC. Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. Desmodium multiflorum DC. Eriosema himalaicum H.Ohashi Erythrina stricta Roxb. Hylodesmum podocarpum (DC.) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill Indigofera atropurpurea Hornem. Indigofera exilis Grierson & D.G.Long Parochetus communis D.Don Pueraria peduncularis (Graham ex Benth.) Benth. Smithia ciliata Royle angustifolia L. Vicia A.DC. Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A.DC. Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae 183. 184. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 208. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 209. 210. 211. 70 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P524 P1532 P608 P1267 P1266 P820 P821 P1487 P1510 P724 P683 P782 P759 P730 P679 P403 P824 P552 P811 P734 P666 P562 P1508 P755 P777 2100 1200 2250 1800-2080 1920-2080 2100-2500 2000-2500 2000-2400 2500 1600 1600 1900-2500 2500 1580 1070 1810 2500 1800 2100 1580 1940 1800 1600 2400-2500 1520-2040 Panchase forest Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Badhaure Deurali Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Quercus lamellosa Sm. Quercus lanata Sm. Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. Gentiana capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Gentiana pedicellata (D.Don) Wall. Swertia chirayita H. Karst. Swertia dilatata C.B. Clarke volubile (D. Don) H. Hara Tripterospermum Geranium nepalense Sweet Aeschynanthus parviflorus (D.Don) Spreng. Chirita pumila D.Don Chirita urticifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Didymocarpus aromatica D.Don Didymocarpus villosus D.Don serratus D. Don Lysionotus Dichroa febrifuga Lour. Arn. Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Thunb. Hypericum japonicum Thomson ex Dyer Hypericum petiolulatum Hook.f. & Hypericum uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don ex Hook.f. Curculigo gracilis (Kurz) Wall. Hypoxis aureai Lour. colebrookeana (Lindl. ex Wall.) Engelhardia spicata var. Koord. & Valeton Juncus concinnus D. Don Juncus prismatocarpus R.Br. Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Geraniaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Hydrangeaceae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Hypoxidaceae Hypoxidaceae Juglandaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 71 TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P407 P1514 P877 P795 P398 P694 P1512 P1354 P1216 P1237 P1208 P834 P1533 P647 P1277 P1227 P678 P1248 P1555 P418 P411 P1534 P427 P675 P1492 P588 1870 1200 1500 1800 1200-1400 1520 1000 1000 1950 2500 1600 2500 2500 2000-2300 1600 2500 1070 1400-1800 1000 1970-2200 1890 1000 1940 1000-1100 1000 2000-2500 Badhaure Deurali Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Ghantichhina, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan danda, Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Bhadaure Deurali Ghantichhina, Bhadaure Tamage Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Panchase forest Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Panchase forest Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Climber Ajuga lobata D.Don Ajuga macrosperma Benth. Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Calamintha umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Rchb. Callicarpa arborea Roxb. ex Walp. Clerodendrum bracteatum Wall. Clerodendrum glandulosum Lindl. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. Elsholtzia strobilifera (Benth.) Benth. Isodon coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kudô Isodon lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Hara Leucosceptrum canum Sm. Melissa axillaris (Benth.) Bakh.f. Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Benth. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk. Pogostemon glaber Benth. Premna bengalensis C.B. Clarke ex Schauer Premna interrupta Wall. Prunella vulgaris L. P.D.Cantino Pseudocaryopteris bicolor (Roxb. ex Hardw.) Pseudocaryopteris foetida (D.Don) P.D.Cantino. Scutellaria discolor Colebr. negudo L. Vitex Holboellia latifolia Wall. Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lardizabalaceae 237. 238. 239. 240. 260. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 261. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 262. 72 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH 9966510 P511 P1293 P1485 P1299 P583 P1343 P804 P723 P742 P1507 P707 P691 P695 P545 P659 P1306 P498 P1483 P1319 P1535 P1300 P1418 P1412 P1536 1500-1700 1980 2150 1000 2500 2300-2500 1000 1800 1800 1800-2300 1400-1600 1490 1520 1520 2100-2300 1980 2250 1700 2200 1540 1600 2500 1000 900-1600 1000 Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Ghantichhina, Bhadaure Tamage Tamage Bhadaure Tamage Bhadaure Panchase forest Tamage Bhadaure Philing Ghari, Chapakot Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Tamage Bhadaure Panchase forest Ghantichhina, Bhadaure Tamage Tamage Bhadaure Ghantichhina, Bhadaure Tamage Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Climber Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Tree Tree Shrub Herb Tree (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & Eberm. T.Nees Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) (Wall. ex Nees) Kurz Lindera neesiana (Wall. Lindera pulcherrima (Nees) Hook. f. Pers. Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Neolitsea foliosa (Nees) Gamble & H. Hara Neolitsea pallens (D. Don) Momiy. Phoebe lanceolata (Nees) Nees scandens Benj. Utricularia striatula Sm. ex Meisn. Anisadenia saxatilis Wall. Reinwardtia indica Dumort. Lindernia nummulariifolia (D.Don) Wettst. Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell cordifolia Roxb. Torenia Gardneria angustifolia Wall. Danser Helixanthera ligustrina (Wall.) Loranthus odoratus Wall. Danser Scurrula elata (Edgew.) Scurrula parasitica L. Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre Magnolia doltsopa (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar Abroma augusta L.f. Urena lobata L. Bombax ceiba L. Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lentibulariaceae Linaceae Linderniaceae Linderniaceae Linderniaceae Loganiaceae Loranthaceae Loranthaceae Loranthaceae Loranthaceae Lyrthaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 73 TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P1537 P1481 P682 P1405 P5716 P1344 P1538 P1315 9964077 P566 P345 P1439 P1539 P1540 P234 P287 P624 P1541 P1428 P1542 P1543 P1355 P1544 P1545 P1546 P1502 P830 * * * P774 2300-2500 1000 1050 2000 1630-1900 1000 1000 m 1400-1600 1700 1800 1200 1600 1000 1000 1400 1400 2300 1000 2200 1600 1000 1000 1500 1600 1600 1800 2340 1000-1700 1000 1000-1500 2200-2300 Panchase forest Ghantichiina, Bhadaure Tamage Ghantichiina, Bhadaure Philing Ghari, Chapakot Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Tamage Ghantichiina, Bhadaure Tamage Thula khet, Bhadaure Tamage Bhadaure Tamage of Vicinity Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Panchase forest Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Ghantichiina, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Tree Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Tree Tree Shrub Tree Tree Climber Tree Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Paris polyphylla Sm. Melastoma malabathricum L. nepalensis Hook. f. Osbeckia stellata Buch.-Ham. ex Ker Gawl. Sarcopyramis napalensis Wall. Roxb. ciliata M.Roem. Toona Cissampelos pareira L. Thomson Stephania elegans Hook.f. & Stephania rotunda Lour. ex Roxb Artocarpus lakoocha Wall. Ficus acuriculata Lour. Ficus benghalensis L. Ficus glaberrima Blume Ficus hispida L. f. Ficus lacor Buch.-Ham. Ficus neriifolia Sm. Ficus religiosa L. Ficus sarmentosa J.E. Smith Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Ficus subincisa Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Corner Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Fraxinus floribunda Wall. Jasminum dispermum Wall. Ligustrum confusum Decne. Asch. & Magnus ex Circaea repens Wall. Acampe pachyglossa Rchb. f. Aerides multiflora Roxb. Aerides odorata Lour. Agrostophyllum callosum Rchb.f. Melanthiaceae Melastomataceae Melastomataceae Melastomataceae Meliaceae Menispermaceae Menispermaceae Menispermaceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Myricaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Onagraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 74 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH P800 * P1566 P1495 * 347 * P1567 * P827 * * P1276 430 * * * P247 P1496 P1547 P764 P1356 * * P1289 * P1256 P417 1600-1800 1900 1000 1700 1900 2500 1600 2500 2010 2000 2500 2410 900 1000-1200 1600-2300 2000 1600-1940 1600 Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Thula khet, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Wall. ex Lindl. Anthogonium gracile Wall. Bulbophyllum affine Lindl. Bulbophyllum bisetum Lindl. Bulbophyllum careyanum Spreng. Bulbophyllum caudatum Lindl. ex Lindl. Bulbophyllum cylindraceum Wall. Bulbophyllum hirtum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Wall. Lindl. ex Wall. Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Bulbophyllum moniliforme Parish & Rchb. f. Bulbophyllum muscicola Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Wall. Bulbophyllum polyrhizum Lindl. Bulbophyllum reptans (Lindl.) Lindl. Bulbophyllum retusiusculum Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum secundum Hook. f. Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum striatum (Griff.) Bulbophyllum umbellatum Lindl. Bulbophyllum viridiflorum (Hook.f.) Schltr. Bulbophyllum wallichii Rchb.f. Calanthe plantaginea Lindl. Calanthe puberula Lindl. Chiloschista usneoides (D.Don) Lindl. Cleisostoma filiforme (Lindl.) Garay Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl. Coelogyne cristata Lindl. Coelogyne flaccida Lindl. Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl. ex D.Don) Lindl. Coelogyne nitida (Wall. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339. 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 75 TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH P509 P854 P873 P773 * P1548 P1220 P1219 94 1023 P507 * * * P853 P1549 P1283 P1211 * * * P599 * * * P1239 1510 1500 1400-1900 2200 900-1100 1000 2150 2260-2300 1900 2200 1700 1500 1600 1800-2000 2500 1700-2000 1890 Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Coelogyne prolifera Lindl. Conchidium muscicola (Lindl.) Rauschert Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach. Cryptochilus luteus Lindl. Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. Cymbidium elegans Lindl. Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl. Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. Cymbidium x gammieanum King & Pantl. ex Lindl. Dendrobium amoenum Wall. Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C. Fisch. Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton Dendrobium densiflorum Wall. Dendrobium denudans D.Don Dendrobium eriiflorum Griff. ex Lindl. Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. Dendrobium longicornu Lindl. Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. Dendrobium moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw. ex Lindl. Dendrobium polyanthum Wall. Dendrobium prophyrochilum Lindl. ex Lindl. Dendrobium transparens Wall. ophrydis (J. Koenig) Seidenf. Diphylax griffithii (Hook. f.) Kraenzl. Epigeneium amplum (Lindl.) Summerh. Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae 348. 349. 350. 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. 357. 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366. 367. 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 76 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 BM, E KATH KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH * * 1954 CN220 P600 P1288 P1264 745 P1217 P1233 * * P950 * 960 P735 P1452 * * 972 * P765 P1250 * P1340 P1550 1400-1800 1400-1800 2280 900-1100 2490 1940 2500 2350 2020 2100 2300 1700-2100 2100 1820 250 1400-1800 2450 2410 1850 1060 1200 Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Lumle Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest above Deurali on the way to Kande Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Panchase forest Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Tamage Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Eria apertiflora Summerh. Eria bractescens Lindl. Eria coronaria (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Eria pokharensis Bajrach., Subedi & K.K. Shrestha Gastrochilus affinis (King & Pantl.) Schltr. Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) D.Don Gastrochilus distichus (Lindl.) Kuntze Gastrochilus nepalensis Raskoti Gastrochilus pseudodistichus (King & Pantl.) Schltr. Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook. Goodyera viridiflora (Blume) Lindl. ex D. Dietr. Habenaria intermedia D. Don Habenaria latilabris (Lindl.) Hook. f. Hemipilia cordifolia Lindl. Vuijk Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Herminium mackinonii Duthie Herminium souliei (Finet) Rolfe Hunt Kingidium taenialis (Lindl.) P.F. Liparis bootanensis Griff. Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. & Summerh. Liparis petiolata (D.Don) P.F.Hunt Liparis resupinata Ridl. Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl. Luisia tristis (G.Forst.) Hook.f. Mycaranthes floribunda (D.Don) S.C.Chen & J.J.Wood Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae 374. 375. 376. 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. 399. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 77 TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH KATH TUCH, KATH KATH TUCH, KATH KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH * * P736 P1327 P1272 P1332 P1333 1290P * P1252 73/1171 P1221 P1297 P1236 P788 973 * * P1218 721 P * 1820-1850 1460 1600 1360 1340 2100 1500-1700 1850 2350 2150-2260 2250-2450 2100 1900 2300 1000-1800 2020 1630 1000 Panchse forest Panchase forest Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Oberonia acaulis Lindl. Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl. Oberonia falcata King & Pantl. Oberonia nepalensis L.R.Shakya & R.P.Chaudhary Oberonia obcordata Lindl. Oberonia pachyrachis Rchb.f. ex Hook.f. Oberonia recurva Lindl. Odontochilus nandae Raskoti & H. Kurzweil ex Lindl.) Schltr. Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. Otochilus fuscus Lindl. Otochilus lancilabius Seidenf. Panisea demissa (D.Don) Pfitzer Panisea panchaseensis Subedi Papilionanthe uniflora (Lindl.) Garay Peristylus aristatus Lindl. Pholidota articulata Lindl. Pholidota imbricata Hook. Pholidota pallida Lindl. Pholidota protracta Hook.f. Phreatia elegans Lindl. Pinalia amica (Rchb. f.) Kuntze Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 419. 420. 78 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH KATH KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P852 957 P757 P722 P1257 996 * P1334 P752 P789 P1497 P1253 P1270 P1286 P441 P685 P511a 207 1030 * P862 P1246 P1309 P842 1500 2300 2500 1630 2500 2300 1000-1700 1340 2280-2500 188-2200 1000 2500 2050 1940 1900 1460 1300-1900 1800 2400 900 1500 1350 1640 1600 Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase danda Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Panchase forest Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Pinalia bipunctata (Lindl.) Kuntze Pinalia excavata (Lindl.) Kuntze Pinalia graminifolia (Lindl.) Kuntze Pinalia spicata (D.Don) S.C.Chen & J.J.Wood Pleione humilis (Sm.) D.Don Pleione praecox (Sm.) D.Don Porpax meirax (Parish & Rchb. f.) King Pantl. Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume Satyrium nepalense D.Don Ames Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. Sunipia bicolor Lindl. Sunipia cirrhata (Lindl.) P.F.Hunt scaberulum Hook.f. Taeniophyllum minor Hook.f. Tainia Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f. ex Lindl. cristata Wall. Vanda undulata (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. Vandopsis Trimen ex Lindl.) Zeuxine flava (Wall. Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. Aeginetia indica L. nepalensis (D. Don) Centranthera cochinchinensis var. Merr. Lindenbergia grandiflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth. Lindenbergia muraria (Roxburgh ex D. Don) Brühl Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae 421. 422. 423. 424. 425. 426. 427. 428. 429. 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 79 BM TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH BM, E TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH 8954 P1295 P1551 P1552 P763 P425 P1407 P415 P1406 P480 P1553 P200 8322 P560 P534 P438 P554 P365 P1275 P802 P807 P1205 P846 P1554 P756 P1493 2100 2210 1600 1000 2500 1600 1000 1920 1000 1970 1600-1900 1800 2440 1800 2100 1910 1600-1800 17000 1800 1600-1800 2000 1600 1500 1600 2460 1600 Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Ghantichhina, Bhadaure Tamage Panchase danda Tamage Bhadaure Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Bisaune, Panchase forest Tandi Tamage Bhadaure Chainpur, Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Above Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Herb Herb Herb Tree Herb Herb Tree Shrub Tree Shrub Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Wall. ex Benth. Pedicularis gracilis Wall. Oxalis acetosella L. Oxalis corniculata L. Pandanus furcatus Roxb. Dactylicapnos macrocapnos (Prain) Hutch. Mazus surculosus D. Don Phyllanthus emblica L. Alston retusa (Dennst.) A.Juss. Bridelia retusa (L.) Phyllanthus parviflorus Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Pinus roxburghii Sarg. A.B. Jacks. Pinus wallichiana dumosa (D.Don) Eichler Tsuga Peperomia heyneana Miq. A. Dietr. Peperomia reflexa (L.f.) Piper mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Li Z.Yu Plantago asiatica subsp. erosa (Wall.) Wulfenia amherstiana Benth. Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall. Arundinella nepalensis Trin. Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake A.Camus Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) Trin. gryllus (L.) Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Digitaria violascens Link Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. Orobanchaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Pandanaceae Papaveraceae Phrymaceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae 445. 446. 447. 448. 449. 450. 451. 452. 453. 454. 455. 456. 457. 458. 459. 460. 461. 462. 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. 468. 469. 470. 80 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH P521 P1330 P793 P796 P803 P321 P1555 P690 P701 P1204 P461 P794 P1207 P1335 P1214 P798 P814 P814 P744 P1494 P1556 P799 P1554 2100-2500 1460 1900 1800 1800 1000 1600 1520 1490 1600 1600 1800 1600 1340 1940 1800 2100 1500-2100 2150 2050 1600 1800 900 Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Tamage, Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Philing Ghari, Chapakot Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Bhadaure Deurali Near Deurali Ghantichinna, Bhadaure Tamage Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f. (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. Trin. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Eulalia mollis (Griseb.) Kuntze Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubb. Beauv. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Trin. Isachne albens Lopthaterum gracile Brongn. A.Camus Microstegium ciliatum (Trin.) Oplismenus compositus (L.) P.Beauv. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Poa annua L. Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. Saccharum rufipilum Steud. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Setaria palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf Roem. & Schult. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) Clayton A.Camus Themeda hookeri (Griseb.) Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda filiformis Nees ex Steud. Tripogon Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae Podocarpaceae 471. 472. 473. 474. 475. 476. 477. 478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 489. 490. 491. 492. 493. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 81 TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P431 P684 P1502 P745 P1480 9964055 P479 P471 P1322 P747 P518 9963760 P1429 P421 P402 P653 P1291 P875 P590 P1298 P593 P424 P1240 P1434 P726 P848 P1200 P1557 P602 P1488 1900-2200 1050 2000 2200-2500 2050 1700-2000 1560 1600 1520 2320 1700-2100 2000-2500 2400-2500 2000 1800-2000 1700-2100 2100-2300 1500 2500 2500 1980 1900 1890 2500 1600 1500 1600-1900 1600 1480 2200 Panchase forest Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage-Bhanjang Bhadaure Deurali Tamage, Bhadaure Deurali Tamage Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Tamage Banjang-Mt. Panchase Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Chapakot Makwanpur, Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Tree Tree Climber Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Salomonia cantoniensis Lour. Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H. Hara Persicaria amplexicaulis (D.Don) Ronse Decr. Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) Miyabe Polygonum microcephalum D. Don Polygonum molle D. Don Polygonum plebeium R.Br. Polygonum pubescens Blume Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Polygonum thunbergii Siebold & Zucc. Rumex nepalensis Spreng. congestiflora Hemsl. Lysimachia debilis Wall. Lysimachia Maesa chisia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Myrsine semiserrata Wall. Mez Rapanea capitellata (Wall.) Clematis buchananiana DC. Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Thomson) W.T.Wang Dichocarpum adiantifolium (Hook.f. & & P.K.Hsiao Ranunculus muricatus L. Thalictrum punduanum Wall. Thomson Thalictrum virgatum Hook. f. & Brongn. Berchemia floribunda (Wall.) Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Eriobotrya dubia (Lindl.) Decne. Eriobotrya elliptica Lindl. Neillia rubiflora D.Don Neillia thyrsiflora D.Don Polygalaceae Polygalaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae 494. 495. 496. 497. 498. 499. 500. 501. 502. 503. 504. 505. 506. 507. 508. 509. 510. 511. 512. 513. 514. 515. 516. 517. 518. 519. 520. 521. 522. 523. 82 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P528 P1558 P739 P1509 P656 P515 P559 P1559 P478 P429 P708 P694a P571 P822 P738 P696 P1560 P687 P686 9961145 P681 P714 P629 P1202 P733 P1327 P376 P709 P580 P483 P1561 P428 2000-2200 1600 2000-2500 1600 1800-2100 1980 1800 1400-2200 1600 1640-1950 1490 1520 2340 1600-2500 1600-2050 1490-1900 1600 1460 1460 1730 1060 1630-2100 2300 1600 1580 1400 1200 1490 2500 2300 1600 1980 Panchase forest Tamage Panchase forest Bhadaure-Tamage Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Pumdi Bhumdi Bhir, Tare Bhadaure Deurali Tamage, Ghaderi, Pumdi Bhumdi Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Chapakot Makwanpur, Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Chapakot VDC Panchase danda Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Climber Herb Herb Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb Shrub Herb Herb Climber Herb Shrub Tree Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree Shrub Photinia integrifolia Lindl. (Andrews) Th. Wolf Th. Wolf Potentilla indica (Andrews) Trevir. Potentilla lineata Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Prunus venosa Koehne Rosa moschata Herrm. Rubus acuminatus Sm. Rubus ellipticus Sm. Rubus kumaonensis N.P.Balakr. Rubus paniculatus Sm. Argostemma verticillatum Wall. Galium asperifolium Wall. ex Roxb. Galium elegans Wall. Galium hirtiflorum Req. ex DC Hedyotis scandens Roxb. T.Yamaz. ex Roxb.) Himalrandia tetrasperma (Wall. Sweet Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. Lewis Neanotis hirsuta (L.f.) W.H. Bennet Neohymenopogon parasiticus (Wall.) Oldenlandia auricularia (L.) K.Schum. Ophiorrhiza rugosa Wall. Rubia manjith Roxb. ex Fleming alata Aubl. Uncaria scandens (Sm.) Hutch. coriacea DC. Wendlandia Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. Anderson ex Gamble T. arborescens asiatica (L.) Lam. Toddalia Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae 524. 525. 526. 527. 528. 529. 530. 531. 532. 533. 534. 535. 536. 537. 538. 539. 540. 541. 542. 543. 544. 545. 546. 547. 547. 548. 549. 550. 551. 552. 553. 554. Bhandari et al.: A checklist of flowering plants of Panchase...... 83 TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH BM, E TUCH, KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH P1316 P648 P499 P450 P1261 P1552 P401 P1312 P836 P436 P1284 P754 P1419 P506 P555 8320 P633 P655 P356 P750 P717 9963710 P516 P1501 P871 P523 P410 P584 P550 P1565 P449 1700-2200 1700 1700-1900 2300 2350 2200 1700 1690 2500 1920 1600 2400 1900 1700 1800-2030 2290 1800-2300 2010 1600 2400 1630 1700-2000 1980 1200 1400 2100 1890 2500 1900-2000 2000 1600 Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage Sidhane, Bhadaure Panchase forest Chapakot VDC Tamage-Bhanjang Panchase forest Tamage Harpan, Bhadaure Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Climber Tree Tree Tree Shrub Tree Herb Herb Herb Climber Tree Herb Tree Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Hook. f. & Thomson Sabia purpurea Hook. f. & (Lour.) Raeusch. Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Xylosma controversum Clos A. DC. edulis (Wall.) album L. Viscum ex Brandis Acer caesium Wall. Thunb. Houttuynia cordata Bergenia ciliata Sternb. Saxifraga parnassifolia D. Don Thomson Hook.f. & grandiflora (Wall.) paniculata Wall. ex Benth. Scrophularia urticifolia Wall. Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. aspera L. ex Kunth Smilax elegans Wall. ex Kunth Smilax ferox Wall. Smilax lanceifolia Roxb. Smilax menispermoides Hayata Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Bitter lysimachioides (Wall.) Lycianthes Solanum americanum Mill. Solanum anguivi Lam. Solanum viarum Dunal Bruinsmia polysperma (C.B.Clarke) Steenis Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) Miq. ex G. Don Symplocos pyrifolia Wall. ex G. Don Symplocos ramosissima Wall. wallichiana Zucc. Taxus Camellia kissii Wall. Eurya acuminata DC. Eurya cerasifolia (D.Don) Kobuski Sabiaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Santalaceae Sapindaceae Saururaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Scrophulariaceae Simaroubaceae Smilacaceae Smilacaceae Smilacaceae Smilacaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Symplococaceae Symplococaceae Symplococaceae Taxaceae Theaceae Theaceae Theaceae 555. 556. 557. 558. 559. 560. 561. 562. 563. 564. 565. 566. 567. 568. 569. 570. 571. 572. 577. 573. 574. 575. 576. 577. 578. 579. 580. 581. 582. 583. 584. 84 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 TUCH TUCH TI TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH TUCH KATH TUCH TUCH TUCH P447 P1251 9963740 P1412 P725 P662 P766 P1350 P704 P630 P1456 P466 P1442 P880 P467 P767 P1562 P369 P1251 P865 P416 P1563 P586 P577 9967045 P677 P1422 P741 1400-1700 1800-2500 2000-2500 1400 1600 1900 2340 1000 1490 2100-2300 1600-2000 1600 2200 1800 1600 2340 1400-1800 1600 1400-2200 1500 1600-1950 1600 1950-2500 2500 1700-2000 1070 2000 2150-2500 Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhanjang-Mt. Panchase Bhadaure Deurali Chapakot Makwanpur, Pancahase forest Panchase forest Tamage Ghantichhina, Philinghari, Chapakot Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Bhadaure Derurali Panchase forest Bhadaure Deurali Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Panchase forest Tamage-Bhanjang Panchase forest Tamage Bhanjang, Bhadaure Panchase forest Tree Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Climber Climber Climber Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb et al. (2007)] Schima wallichii Choisy Wall. ex G. Don Daphne papyracea Wall. ex Meisn. canescens Wall. Wikstroemia platyphylla D. Don Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd. Boehmeria ternifolia D. Don Chamabainia cuspidata Wight Elatostema lineolatum Wight Elatostema monandrum (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Hara Elatostema obtusum Wedd. diversifolia (Link) Friis Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq. ex Royle) Wedd Lecanthus peduncularis (Wall. Oreocnide frutescens (Thunb.) Miq. Pilea scripta (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Wedd. Pilea umbrosa Blume Urtica dioica L. betonicifolia Sm. Viola pilosa Blume Viola Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale Planch. Parthenocissus semicordata (Wall.) rumicispermum (M.A. Lawson) Planch. Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch. Tetrastigma Cautleya spicata (Sm.) Baker Globba clarkei Baker Globba racemosa Sm. Hedychium spicatum Sm. Roscoea purpurea Sm. Theaceae Thymelaeaceae Thymelaeaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Violaceae Violaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae 585. 586. 587. 588. 589. 590. 591. 592. 593. 594. 595. 596. 597. 598. 599. 600. 601. 602. 603. 604. 605. 606. 607. 608. 609. 610. 611. 612. [Note: * denotes the species cited from Subedi