Reasons to Visit Lithuania
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The Baltic Republics
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1994 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Mikko Viitasalo, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Antti Numminen, General Headquarters Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 6 THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1992 ISBN 951-25-0709-9 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1994: National Defence College All rights reserved Painatuskeskus Oy Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1994 Preface Until the end of the First World War, the Baltic region was understood as a geographical area comprising the coastal strip of the Baltic Sea from the Gulf of Danzig to the Gulf of Finland. In the years between the two World Wars the concept became more political in nature: after Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania obtained their independence in 1918 the region gradually became understood as the geographical entity made up of these three republics. Although the Baltic region is geographically fairly homogeneous, each of the newly restored republics possesses unique geographical and strategic features. -
Beata Adamczyk Cultural Cooperation Between Nations As an Important
Beata Adamczyk Cultural cooperation between nations as an important factor of sustainable social development of the region of Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union : (for instance Poland and Lithuania) Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 5, 225-267 2007 Beata ADAMCZYK UW Warszawa Cultural cooperation between nations as an important factor of sustainable social development of the region of Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union (for instance Poland and Lithuania) Motto: So that the spirits of the dead leave us in peace... (Aby duchy umarłych zostawiły nas w spokoju...) CZESŁAW MIŁOSZA Cultural cooperation between nations is mainly based on pacts entered by the government of the Republic of Poland and the government of the Republic of Lithuania, on cooperation between academies and cultural facilities, and on collaboration of all nations living in the given area with respect to issues important to local communities, ^ e message of cultural cooperation is social and cultural integration. Cultural and social co-operation among nations lived in East and Central Europe has been sprung up over many centuries. In the 20th century, the nations of the part of Europe were subjected to an attempt to standardise their national cultures by means of introducing the socialist realist culture. According to purposes of contemporary authorities culture was created only officially. In language of the contemporary system, social issues were taken into account mainly in the mass aspect. ^ e author of article is a graduate of the Institute of Librarianship and Information Science at Warsaw University and because of it in the article mainly she treats of bookseller’s and publishing connected with Vilnius. -
RAIN Objektai
Apskritis Savivaldybė Seniūnija Gyvenvietė Objekto tipas Įstaigos pavadinimas Adresas 1 Vilniaus Vilniaus miesto Vilnius Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Vilnius 2 Alytaus Lazdijų rajono Veisiejų miesto Veisiejai Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Veisiejai, Lazdijų r. 3 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Alytaus Miklusėnai Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Miklusėnai, Alytaus r. 4 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Pivašiūnų Mikalavas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Mikalavas, Alytaus r. 5 Alytaus Lazdijų rajono Seirijų Miesto Kolonija Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Miesto Kolonija, Lazdijų r. 6 Alytaus Lazdijų rajono Lazdijų Kukliai Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Kukliai, Lazdijų r. 7 Alytaus Lazdijų rajono Kapčiamiesčio Kapčiamiestis Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Kapčiamiestis, Lazdijų r. 8 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Nemunaičio Gečialaukis Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Gečialaukis, Alytaus r. 9 Alytaus Alytaus rajono Simno Atesninkai I Infrastruktūrinis objektas Infrastruktūrinis objektas Atesninkai, Alytaus r. 10 Utenos Anykščių rajono Kavarsko Šoveniai Bendruomenė Budrių kaimo bendruomenė Šoveniai, Anykščių r. 11 Kauno Prienų rajono Šilavoto Šilavotas Bendruomenė Šilavoto bendruomenė Šilavotas, Prienų r. 12 Tauragės Jurbarko rajono Raudonės Stakiai Bendruomenė Bendruomenė Stakiai, Jurbarko r. 13 Alytaus Varėnos rajono Marcinkonių Margionys Bendruomenė Margionių klojimo teatras Margionys, -
THE TREASURY of SACRAL HERITAGE of TRAKAI REGION 1 2 TRAKAI BASILICA of the VISITATION of the BLESSED VIRGIN MARY GPS: 54°38’34”N 24°56’03”E Address: Birutės Str
THE TREASURY OF SACRAL HERITAGE OF TRAKAI REGION 1 2 TRAKAI BASILICA OF THE VISITATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY GPS: 54°38’34”N 24°56’03”E Address: Birutės str. 5, Trakai town, Trakai eldership, Trakai district municipality On the map E2 The Basilica of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin the 17th century people began applying votes to Mary stands in Trakai peninsula surrounded by the image as thanks for graces received. It is es- lakes. This church that equals Trakai Island Castle timated that today there are over 400 votes! This in terms of size and grandeur, was consecrated as first gold crowned painting was given the title a basilica in 2017 (there are 8 basilicas in Lithuania Protector of the Sick. Interestingly, the painting is altogether). revered by Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim com- munities alike. Special criteria of Domus Ecclesiae, a decree of Divine Worship and Liturgy, were used in the pro- The church founded by Grand Duke Vytautas in cess of granting the very honourable title of basil- the 15th century has an irregular shaped form ica. The criteria are applied both for the building with harmoniously intertwined gothic and ba- itself and the living Church – for those who pray roque features. Fresco fragments in the walls of there. The exclusive historical importance of the the church recall the Byzantine-era style. church for the region and the country were ac- The Basilica is a treasure trove of sacred and fine knowledged, as was the solemnity of the building art – there are easel paintings, memorial monu- and religious community’s dissemination of faith ments, various relics, wine glasses, 18th-century and love. -
Elektrėnų Savivaldybės Valstybinės Reikšmės Miškų Plotų Schema
Šešonys ė Juodė v Lemučionys Svistūnai a Mančiūnų n r tvenkinys Benkūnai Kernavė e Ilgakiemis Padvariai ( K ( ( ( Žasliai ( ( ((( N ( Mančiūnai ( (( ( ( er ( Navasodai ( (( i ( Lalėnai ( s ( ( ( ( Mitkiškiai ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Senkonys ( Šešonys ( Vareikonys ( ( ( ( ( ( R ( ( ( ( Kalniškės ( ( ( ( ( a ( ( (( ( ( ( i ( š ( ( u ( ( ( Klišabalė Karsakai ( ( v ( a ( ( 538 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Kriveikiškis ( 15 ( ( ( Mitkiškės ( ( ( ( ( (( Juršiškės ( ( Anuprava ( (( ((( ELEKTRĖNŲ SAVIVALDYBĖS ( ( ( ( ( Gudzenka ( ( ( ( 2( 0 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( 539 Žibavičiai Burbiškės ((( ( ( Tru ( ( m ( ( la Ausianka pi (( ( ( ( s s (( ( ( 22 ( a ( ( ( ( 21 Ž ( (( Maskviškės ( ( ( ( ( 19 ( ( Gudaraistis Dainava ( Ausiankos tv. a ( ( 18 ( r 16 17 540 ( VALSTYBINĖS REIKŠMĖS MIŠKŲ PLOTŲ ( a Bekštonys Latviai Babra ( ( m nk ( a ( Beičiūnai ž ( 29 ( ( e ( ( 28 i 23 27 ( ( Vi2rš5uliškiai 26 Pakalniai Ž Zacišė ( ež. Statkūniškės Karsakai ( (( (( ( 24 Semeniškiai ( Gudiena Beičiūnų tv. ( ( ( Europa ( SCHEMA ( Mitkiškės ( Rečionys 40 ( ( 38 39 ( Tatarka ( 37 541 Dainava 36 ( ( 35 34 ra ( Kęstiškės ( 33 Žasliai k ( ( Liauriškės u ( ( M 1 :K u5rnišk0ės 000 S ( ( ež. Liminas ( A ( 50 ( Aleksandriškės l i ( 49 ( Dabravolė 48 e ( 47 j 46 ( Obuchovka ū ( 45 ( 44 n ( ( Aliejūnai Balčiūniškės ( Miežionys ų ( 542 ( e ( ( (( Padvariai ž Antakalniai Karsakai ( (( Žuvys Čiukiškės 62 (( . ( 61 ( Palapojė ( ( Kiemeliai Paltininkai L 60 ( Rokiškės a ( 58 59 ( u 57 ( ( ( Rečionys 56 ė Sukra Pelkės ( k r ( y ( Dainavėlė g Ž Naujažeris s ( Kaišiadorėliai a t ( n -
Populations in Lithuania
ISSN 1392-3196 ZEMDIRBYSTE= AGRICULTURE Vol. 98, No. 4 (2011) 383 ISSN 1392-3196 emdirbyste-Agriculture, vol. 98, No. 4 (2011), p. 383-390 UDK 633.367:631.526.32:631.523 Genetic diversity of invasive alien species Lupinus polyphyllus populations in Lithuania Regina VYSNIAUSKIENtl, Vida RANftLIENtl, Donatas ZVINGILA2, Jolanta PATAMSYTE2 'Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre alinjtj Eern. 49, Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: regina.vysniauskiene@botanikalt 2Vilnius University M. K. Ciurlionio 21, Vilnius, Lithuania Abstract After appearance in Lithuania at the beginning ofthe 20th century, large-leaved lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) has widely spread throughout the country inhabiting not only forests but also the forest outskirts, roadsides, abandoned uncultivated fields, and its further penetration into natural habitats is observed. The goal of the research was to study the intraspecific diversity of L. polyphyllus populations in forests and abandoned fields. Genetic diversity of L. polyphyllus populations of forests and abandoned fields was tested using the RAPD method. Genotypes of each population were investigated using six primers. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed that all plants are genetically different, but individuals of each population group together. AMOVA showed significant genetic differentiation of the investigated L. polyphyllus populations (4:1)H. = 0,444, p < 0,001). Neither UPGMA cluster analysis, nor principal coordinate analysis revealed population grouping regarding the geographic distance between them. On the other hand, UPGMA cluster analysis revealed genetic peculiarities of L. polyphyllus populations that probably are associated with adaptation of invasive populations to local conditions. Although L. polyphyllus is becoming one of the most aggressive invasive plant species, according to our data, this is just the first study on the genetic diversity of the invasive populations of this species using molecular markers. -
Food Culture, Globalization, and Nationalism: Zeppelins in the Lithuanian Imagination
FOOD CULTURE, GLOBALIZATION, AND NATIONALISM ZEPPELINS IN THE LITHUANIAN IMAGINATION Diana Mincyte University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research 2601 Fourth Avenue Suite 310 Seattle, WA 98121 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES PROGRAM Project Information* Principal Investigator: Diana Mincyte NCEEER Contract Number: 823-15n Date: December 5, 2008 Copyright Information Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded through a contract or grant from the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research (NCEEER). However, the NCEEER and the United States Government have the right to duplicate and disseminate, in written and electronic form, reports submitted to NCEEER to fulfill Contract or Grant Agreements either (a) for NCEEER’s own internal use, or (b) for use by the United States Government, and as follows: (1) for further dissemination to domestic, international, and foreign governments, entities and/or individuals to serve official United States Government purposes or (2) for dissemination in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United States Government granting the public access to documents held by the United States Government. Neither NCEEER nor the United States Government nor any recipient of this Report may use it for commercial sale. * The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract or grant funds provided by the National Council for Eurasian and East European -
A Melting Pot of Cultures
a melting pot Podlaskie – a melting pot of cultures Family-friendly Podlaskie of cultures Active leisure in Podlaskie Slow leisure in Podlaskie Podlaskie – European bisons, elks, birds and insects Water leisure in Podlaskie Marshal’s Office of the Podlaskie Region ul. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1, 15-888 Białystok phone +48 85 6654171 www.wrotapodlasia.pl [email protected] PODLASKIE BOLCIE SUWAŁKI 164KM Burbiszki Saskrydis Lithuanian Art Ensembles Festival Puńsk 130KM Wodziłki Barn Theatres Festival Molenna -- Old Believers’ church Józef Vaina Ethnographic Museum AUGUSTÓW 2:00 Brad, Milk and Honey Festival 6:30 6:30 Traditional Lithuanian farmstead KM Sejny 90 H H 8:30 SUWAŁKI Borderland of Arts, Cultures 2:30 1:30 4:40 Modern Art. Centre – Andrzej Strumiłło’s gallery Wigry and Nations Centre (old synagogue) Molenna – Old Believers church Camaldolese monastery complex The Maria Konopnicka Museum The District Museum H H H H Płaska Śluza Przewięź Mikaszówka OSOWIEC Studzieniczna Śluza Swoboda TWIERDZA Sanctuary of Our Lady of Studzieniczna Augustów KM Różanystok 58 Basilica of the Offering of the Holy Virgin Mary – St Mary’s Sanctuary 3:00 0:50 SUPRAŚL H H KM NOWOGRÓD 16 H 5:15 H 4:30 H KM 94 1:20 H 1:40 KRUSZYNIANY 4:30 H Collegiate Church of St Anthony – Sanctuary of Eucharistic Miracle Szyszki H Sokółka BIAŁYSTOK 1:40 KM Bohoniki 50 Stara Kamionka Mosque and mizar World Championship in Baking Potato Cake and Potato Sausage Wierzchlesie Monastery of the Annunciation of the Holy Mother of God Synagogue and 4 Museum of -
Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė Nutarimas Dėl
LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS VYRIAUSYBĖ NUTARIMAS DĖL VILNIAUS APSKRITIES TERITORIJOS BENDROJO (GENERALINIO) PLANO PATVIRTINIMO 2008 m. gruodžio 3 d. Nr. 1310 Vilnius Vadovaudamasi Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijų planavimo įstatymo (Žin., 1995, Nr. 107-2391; 2004, Nr. 21-617; 2007, Nr. 39-1437) 6 straipsniu, 11 straipsnio 4 ir 10 dalimis, Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė n u t a r i a: 1. Patvirtinti Vilniaus apskrities teritorijos bendrąjį (generalinį) planą (pridedama). 2. Nustatyti, kad šis nutarimas tą pačią dieną oficialiai be Vilniaus apskrities teritorijos bendrojo plano priedų ir brėžinių skelbiamas „Valstybės žiniose“, o nutarimas su priedais ir brėžiniais – „Valstybės žinių“ interneto tinklalapyje (www.valstybes-zinios.lt). 3. Įpareigoti Vilniaus apskrities teritorijos bendrojo (generalinio) plano planavimo organizatorių, Vilniaus apskrities viršininką, per pusę metų nuo Vilniaus apskrities teritorijos bendrojo (generalinio) plano įsigaliojimo parengti ir patvirtinti šio plano sprendinių įgyvendinimo programą. L. E. MINISTRO PIRMININKO PAREIGAS GEDIMINAS KIRKILAS L. E. APLINKOS MINISTRO PAREIGAS ARTŪRAS PAULAUSKAS _________________ PATVIRTINTA Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės 2008 m. gruodžio 3 d. nutarimu Nr. 1310 VILNIAUS APSKRITIES TERITORIJOS BENDRASIS (GENERALINIS) PLANAS I. BENDROSIOS NUOSTATOS 1. Vilniaus apskrities teritorijos bendrasis (generalinis) planas (toliau vadinama – Bendrasis planas) parengtas vadovaujantis Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijų planavimo įstatymu (Žin., 1995, Nr. 107-2391; 2004, Nr. 21-617), Lietuvos Respublikos apskrities valdymo įstatymu (Žin., 1994, Nr. 101-2015), Apskrities teritorijos bendrojo (generalinio) plano rengimo Savivaldybės teritorijos bendrojo plano rengimo ir Miestų ir miestelių bendrųjų planų rengimo taisyklėmis, patvirtintomis aplinkos ministro 2004 m. gegužės 7 d. įsakymu Nr. D1-263 (Žin., 2004, Nr. 83-3029), ir atsižvelgiant į Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijos bendrajame plane, patvirtintame Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo 2002 m. spalio 29 d. nutarimu Nr. -
Application of Alternative Methods in Lithuanian Field Archaeology (Up to 1996)
Application of Alternative Methods in Lithuanian Field Archaeology (up to 1996) GINTAUTAS ZABIEIA With the collapse of the Soviet system in Lithuania, restrictions on ideology and social activities were lifted. As far as archaeology is concerned, alternative methods in field research were adopted. These alternative methods involve the application of advances in technical science to archaeology. Though our research still follows the nineteenth century principles of excavation and find gathering, the twentieth century brought a number of new approaches which broadened traditional concepts of archaeology. In Lithuania, the latest techniques proved most successful when applied to site and artefact location, though excavation work was opti- mized as well. The following three methods will be highligh- ted: aerial photography, metal- detecting and biolocation (Fig. 1). All three methods involve no, or in the case of metal detectors, minimal damage to archaeological monuments. Though they enhance the exploration and research our cultural heritage, these me- thods are still controversial among Lithuanian scholars. Few attempts have been Fig.1. Map of the application of alternative methods in made to provide a detailed Lithuanian field archaeology up to 1996: 1 -aerial pho- tography (1-Apuole, 2-Bubiai, 3-lmpiltis, 4+ieporiai, description of innovations in 5-Senieji Trakai, 6-Seimyni§keliai), 2-metal detector Lithuanian archaeology. P Ku- (1-Anyk§6iai, 2-Bani§kiai, 3-Brc]Ze, 4-Budrai6iai, 5- likauskas was the first scholar BC]tinge, 6-Degu6iai, 7-Dovainonys, 8-Gudi§kiai, 9- to deal with the subject Jakai,10-Kavarskas,11 -Kernave,12-Kriok§lys,13- Labanoras,14-Marvele,15-Obeliai,16-Pakalni§kiai, (Kulikauskas 1978:86-100). -
Assessment Report on Environmental Impact
ASSESSMENT REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Technical assistance (design) for the construction of second track on the sections Kyviškės-Valčiūnai and Vaidotai (Pušynas)-Paneriai The customer of planned economic activity: Joint-Stock Company “Lithuanian Railways”, company code 110053842; Mindaugas str. 12/14, LT 03603 Vilnius, Lithuania; Tel. 8-5-2693300, fax. 8-5-2692028. February 2010 1 PREPARATION GROUP OF ASSESSMENT REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Audrius Tamolis Public iInformation, Landscape architect Assessment of landscape. 8-5-239 50 66 Žibutė Chmieliauskienė Assessment of impact on public health, Professional of impact on analysis of air pollution, SAZ. public health 8-5-239 50 66 Assessment program on environmental Erika Arlauskaitė impact, final assessment report on Environmental consultant environmental impact. 8-5-239 50 66 Vaiva Minsevičiūtė GIS analysis, maps. Engineer for measurements 8-5-239 50 66 Biodiversity, Natura 2000 and evaluation of Nerijus Zableckis protected areas. Consultant Natura 2000 declaration. 8-6-56 20426 Jonas Savickas Analysis of noise measures Construction engineer and implementation plan. 8-5-239 50 66 Asta Mikalauskaitė Assessment of cultural heritage. Project director 8-5-239 50 66 2 CONTENT Contents SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 5 ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... -
LITHUANIA 467 © Lonely Planet Publications Planet Lonely ©
© Lonely Planet Publications 467 LITHUANIA LITHUANIA Lithuania The Baltic countries have a reputation for their dour ways, but this image fades when you enter rebellious Lithuania, a country blessed with boundless energy and studded with re- minders of its colourful history. It may be a dot on Europe’s map, but that hasn’t stopped Lithuania making big waves on the continent. Outside the country it’s a little-known fact that in the 1400s Lithuania extended beyond Kursk in the east and all the way to the Black Sea in the south. This giant empire didn’t last long, but even today Lithuanians brim with pride and confidence befitting their mighty heritage. More recently – and most notably – the Baltic’s most southern nation became the first state to formally declare its independence from the Soviet Union. In a country favoured by Mother Nature, where pagan roots run deep and Catholic pas- sion lives on, there’s plenty to attract the traveller. For starters there’s effortlessly charming Vilnius and its skyline of baroque spires. The eerie Hill of Crosses near Šiauliai is a truly unique experience. In the west, thousands of migratory birds make Curonian Spit their primary destination, while to the north lies Aukštaitija National Park, a lake land blanketed in dense pine forests and dotted with tiny rural villages. More and more tourists are making Lithuania a port of call, but don’t let that scare you away – there are enough delights to go around in this Baltic beauty. FAST FACTS Area 65,303 sq km Capital Vilnius Currency litas (Lt); €1 =