Australia's Fungi Mapping Scheme
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A Forgotten Kingdom Ecologically Industrious and Alluringly Diverse, Australia’S Puffballs, Earthstars, Jellies, Agarics and Their Mycelial Kin Merit Your Attention
THE OTHER 99% – NEGLECTED NATURE The delicate umbrellas of this Mycena species last only fleetingly, while its fungal mycelium persists, mostly obscured within the log it is rotting. Photo: Alison Pouliot A Forgotten Kingdom Ecologically industrious and alluringly diverse, Australia’s puffballs, earthstars, jellies, agarics and their mycelial kin merit your attention. Ecologist Alison Pouliot ponders our bonds with the mighty fungus kingdom. s the sun rises, I venture off-track Fungi have been dubbed the ‘forgotten into a dripping forest in the Otway kingdom’ – their ubiquity and diversity ARanges. Mountain ash tower contrast with the sparseness of knowledge overhead, their lower trunks carpeted about them, they are neglected in in mosses, lichens and liverworts. The conservation despite their ecological leeches are also up early and greet me significance, and their aesthetic and with enthusiasm. natural history fascination are largely A white scallop-shaped form at the unsung in popular culture. The term base of a manna gum catches my eye. ‘flora and fauna’ is usually unthinkingly Omphalotus nidiformis, the ghost fungus. A assumed to cover the spectrum of visible valuable marker. If it’s dark when I return, life. I am part of a growing movement of the eerie pale green glow of this luminous fungal enthusiasts dedicated to lifting fungal cairn will be a welcome beacon. the profile of the ‘third f’ in science, Descending deeper into the forest, a conservation and society. It is an damp funk hits my nostrils, signalling engrossing quest, not only because of the fungi. As my eyes adjust and the morning alluring organisms themselves but also for lightens, I make out diverse fungal forms the curiosities of their social and cultural in cryptic microcosms. -
Fungi of North East Victoria Online
Agarics Agarics Agarics Agarics Fungi of North East Victoria An Identication and Conservation Guide North East Victoria encompasses an area of almost 20,000 km2, bounded by the Murray River to the north and east, the Great Dividing Range to the south and Fungi the Warby Ranges to the west. From box ironbark woodlands and heathy dry forests, open plains and wetlands, alpine herb elds, montane grasslands and of North East Victoria tall ash forests, to your local park or backyard, fungi are found throughout the region. Every fungus species contributes to the functioning, health and An Identification and Conservation Guide resilience of these ecosystems. Identifying Fungi This guide represents 96 species from hundreds, possibly thousands that grow in the diverse habitats of North East Victoria. It includes some of the more conspicuous and distinctive species that can be recognised in the eld, using features visible to the Agaricus xanthodermus* Armillaria luteobubalina* Coprinellus disseminatus Cortinarius austroalbidus Cortinarius sublargus Galerina patagonica gp* Hypholoma fasciculare Lepista nuda* Mycena albidofusca Mycena nargan* Protostropharia semiglobata Russula clelandii gp. yellow stainer Australian honey fungus fairy bonnet Australian white webcap funeral bell sulphur tuft blewit* white-crowned mycena Nargan’s bonnet dung roundhead naked eye or with a x10 magnier. LAMELLAE M LAMELLAE M ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S, P ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE M ■ ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ LAMELLAE S ■ When identifying a fungus, try and nd specimens of the same species at dierent growth stages, so you can observe the developmental changes that can occur. Also note the variation in colour and shape that can result from exposure to varying weather conditions. -
The Value of Fungi
Land for Wildlife Queensland: Note S2 The Value of Fungi hey are neither plants nor animals, All fungi are vital to the health and mycorrhizal fungi that assist eucalypts Tand there are about 10,000 functioning of our world and yet so little and wattles to grow. different species of them in Australia. is known about them. Only about 25% Fungi that we see are fruiting bodies They are macrofungi - the fungi that of Australian macrofungal species have of the actual fungus below the surface. you can see with an unaided eye. even been documented. Macrofungi are The fungus itself consists of microscopic This Note describes various types of fungi that you will see in bushland or threads called hyphae. A network of macrofungi and the ecological roles that on your garden mulch and are classified and defined by their fruiting bodies - hyphae is called a mycelium which they play. the mushrooms and toadstools that we resembles a tangled mass of tiny white The Fungi Kingdom is roughly divided see above ground. threads that wrap in and around the into two categories: macrofungi and material on which the fungus is growing. Macrofungi do not have roots, leaves, microfungi. Microfungi tend to be The fungus would look like a loose mass flowers or chlorophyll for photosynthesis minute and are hard to see with the and therefore need to obtain their of cotton wool if it could be separated naked eye with common examples own food from other organisms. Some from its substrate. Fungi have cell walls including yeasts, penicillin, moulds, fungi are parasitic and eventually kill made of a type of chitin (related to plant rusts and mildew. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents: Who is this for?... 3 Introduction... 3 Mechanic Overview... 4 Redesigned Herbalism Kit... 4 Herbalism Notebook... 5 5 Standard Recipes... 5 Deciphering & Copying a Recipe... 5 Replacing Your Notebook... 6 Foraging... 6 Crafting... 6 Learning New Recipes... 7 Obtaining a Recipe... 7 Deformulation of Existing Potions... 7 Discovery of Novel Potions... 8 Formulas... 9 33 Core Potions... 9 Example Homebrew Potions... 11 Appendix I: Biomes... 12 Appendix II: Damage Ingredients.... 15 Appendix III: Ingredient Descriptions... 16 Sample file 2 MEDICA PLANTARUM Enjoy the wonderful world of plants & fungi! Not for resale. For personal use only. Who is this for? Medica Plantarum was named after two ancient plant texts, Dioscorides’ De materia medica and Theophrastus’ Historia Plantarum, and is designed to expand on the role of herbalism in TTRPGs. It’s for players or GMs who think plants and fungi are cool, and are looking for an interesting way to bring some real botany into their games. On the surface, this is a mechanic to create new potions, fill party downtime, or inspire character agency. At its core, this is an educational guide for players or GMs who want to use real plant biology to inform their potion craft. Medica Plantarum presents biology, history, folklore, and mythology to give folks a unique lens in which to discover the wonder of plant diversity. The ultimate goal of this guide is to inspire players and GMs to create their own potions by learning about the plants around them. Introduction As a plant scientist and avid TTRPGer, I am always on the lookout for interesting ways to integrate plants into the campaigns I GM. -
Bioluminescence in Mushroom and Its Application Potentials
Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment, Vol. 14 (1) (2016) BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MUSHROOM AND ITS APPLICATION POTENTIALS Ilondu, E. M.* and Okiti, A. A. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 2348036758249. ABSTRACT Bioluminescence is a biological process through which light is produced and emitted by a living organism resulting from a chemical reaction within the body of the organism. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is an oxygen-dependent reaction involving substrates generally termed luciferin, which is catalyzed by one or more of an assortment of unrelated enzyme called luciferases. The history of bioluminescence in fungi can be traced far back to 382 B.C. when it was first noted by Aristotle in his early writings. It is the nature of bioluminescent mushrooms to emit a greenish light at certain stages in their life cycle and this light has a maximum wavelength range of 520-530 nm. Luminescence in mushroom has been hypothesized to attract invertebrates that aids in spore dispersal and testing for pollutants (ions of mercury) in water supply. The metabolites from luminescent mushrooms are effectively bioactive in anti-moulds, anti-bacteria, anti-virus, especially in inhibiting the growth of cancer cell and very useful in areas of biology, biotechnology and medicine as luminescent markers for developing new luminescent microanalysis methods. Luminescent mushroom is a novel area of research in the world which is beneficial to mankind especially with regards to environmental pollution monitoring and biomedical applications. Bioluminescence in fungi is a beautiful phenomenon to observe which should be of interest to Scientists of all endeavors. -
Pleurotus Species Basidiomycotina with Gills - Lignicolous Mushrooms
Biobritte Agro Solutions Private Limited, Kolhapur, (India) Jaysingpur-416101, Taluka-Shirol, District-Kolhapur, Maharashtra, INDIA. [email protected] www.biobritte.co.in Whatsapp: +91-9923806933 Phone: +91-9923806933, +91-9673510343 Biobritte English name Scientific Name Price Lead time Code Pleurotus species Basidiomycotina with gills - lignicolous mushrooms B-2000 Type A 3 Weeks Winter Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus B-2001 Type A 3 Weeks Florida Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida B-2002 Type A 3 Weeks Summer Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius B-2003 Type A 4 Weeks Indian Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju B-2004 Type B 4 Weeks Golden Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus citrinopileatus B-2005 Type B 3 Weeks King Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii B-2006 Type B 4 Weeks Asafetida, White Elf Pleurotus ferulae B-2007 Type B 3 Weeks Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus salmoneostramineus B-2008 Type B 3 Weeks King Tuber Mushroom Pleurotus tuberregium B-2009 Type B 3 Weeks Abalone Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus cystidiosus Lentinula B-3000 Shiitake Lentinula edodes Type B 5 Weeks other lignicoles B-4000 Black Poplar Mushr. Agrocybe aegerita Type-C 5 Weeks B-4001 Changeable Agaric Kuehneromyces mutabilis Type-C 5 Weeks B-4002 Nameko Mushroom Pholiota nameko Type-C 5 Weeks B-4003 Velvet Foot Collybia Flammulina velutipes Type-C 5 Weeks B-4003-1 yellow variety 5 Weeks B-4003-2 white variety 5 Weeks B-4004 Elm Oyster Mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius Type-C 5 Weeks B-4005 Buna-Shimeji Hypsizygus tessulatus Type-C 5 Weeks B-4005-1 beige variety -
The Creek in Our Backyard a Practical Guide for Habitat Restoration
THE CREEK IN OUR BACKYARD A practical guide for habitat restoration ROBERT WHYTE NEW EDITION 2013 REVISED & EXPANDED PREFACE The creek in our backyard ike the air we breathe, our waterways are a A practical guide for habitat restoration shared resource, sustaining life. Creeks and by Robert Whyte rivers are a chain of fragile links connecting Lus to the nature with which we share our space. Thanks to funding from the Federal Government, For me, expanding this book for South East Save Our Waterways Now (SOWN) has been able to Queensland is like taking a deep breath – the literal produce this second, revised and expanded edition meaning of inspiration. Filling my lungs and hold- of The creek in our backyard. Special thanks to ing a moment of calm to cherish the opportunity we Deborah Metters, who helped with the ideas behind have in South East Queensland to live with nature. the reorganisation of the book and contributed Restoring our waterways is not just the ‘right’ stories and photos from the Land for Wildlife thing to do, it is essential. Yes we can do it. Yes we network, Glenn Leiper, Tim Low, Mark Crocker, must do it. With a little effort now, we can return Sharon Louise, Dick Harding, Nick Rains, Russell our creeks to health. Harisson, Tim Ransome and Anne Jones. Many Many of our older locals remember swimming other people helped with advice, proofreading, in crystal clear streams with diverse and abundant species identification and photos. Thank you all. wildlife, sharing the water with Platypus, turtles, eels and catfish. -
Pleurotus Ostreatus
Pleurotus Ostreatus Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, the oyster mushroom or oyster fungus, is a common edible mushroom. It was first cultivated in Germany as a subsistence measure during World War I and is now grown commercially around the world for food. It is related to the similarly cultivated king oyster mushroom. Oyster mushrooms can SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION also be used industrially Kingdom : Fungi for mycoremediation purposes. Division : Basidiomycota Class : Agaricomycetes The oyster mushroom is one of the Order : Agaricales more commonly sought wild Family : Pleurotaceae mushrooms, though it can also be Genus : Pleurotus cultivated on straw and other media. It Species : P. ostreatus has the bittersweet aroma of benzaldehyde (which is also characteristic of bitter almonds). Binomial Name Pleurotus ostreatus Name Both the Latin and common names refer to the shape of the fruiting body. The Latin pleurotus (sideways) refers to the sideways growth of the stem with respect to the cap, while the Latin ostreatus (and the English common name, oyster) refers to the shape of the cap which resembles the bivalve of the same name. Many also believe that the name is fitting due to a flavor resemblance to oysters. The name oyster mushroom is also applied to other Pleurotus species. Or the grey oyster mushroom to differentiate it from other species in the genus. Description The mushroom has a broad, fan or oyster-shaped cap spanning 2– 3 3 30 cm ( ⁄4–11 ⁄4 in); natural specimens range from white to gray or tan to dark-brown; the margin is inrolled when young, and is smooth and often somewhat lobed or wavy. -
Antibacterial Agents from Lignicolous Macrofungi
18 Antibacterial Agents from Lignicolous Macrofungi Maja Karaman, Milan Matavulj and Ljiljana Janjic University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad Serbia 1. Introduction Since ancient times, the mushrooms have been prized as food as well as source for drugs, giving rise to an increasing interest today ("functional food"). Number of macrofungi is of a medicinal importance and represents an unlimited source of secondary metabolites of high medicinal value while a large number of biologically active molecules are identified in many species of macrofungi throughout the world (Wasser & Weis, 1999; Kitzberger et al., 2007; Barros et al., 2007; Turkoglu et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008; 2007; Wasser, 2011). In addition, of importance is the amount of produced substances namely, they must be simple for the manufacturing (industrial synthesis) or there must be enough raw material for extraction of active molecules. Such molecules, if chemical groups responsible for biological activity are known, should serve as basic compounds for the synthesis of new molecules. Lignicolous macrofungi express significant biological effects, including antibacterial activity (Hur et al., 2004; Ishikawa et al., 2005; Kalyoncu et al., 2010) and their secondary metabolites can be easily extracted and identified. It has been found that secondary metabolites are very divergent in structure and play no essential role in their growth and reproduction, but probably have a function in biochemical evolution of a species ensuring its survival (Engler et al., 1998). The presence of these compounds in macrofungi is genetically determined, but also varies as a function of ecological factors and the growth stage of these organisms (Puttaraju et al., 2006). -
The Queensland Mycologist
THE QUEENSLAND MYCOLOGIST Bulletin of The Queensland Mycological Society Inc Vol 13 Issue 3, Spring 2018 The Queensland Mycological Society ABN No 18 351 995 423 Internet: http://qldfungi.org.au/ Email: [email protected] Address: PO Box 5305, Alexandra Hills, Qld 4161, Australia Society Objectives QMS Committee The objectives of the Queensland Mycological Society are to: President 1. Provide a forum and a network for amateur and professional mycologists to Wayne Boatwright share their common interest in macro-fungi; [email protected] 2. Stimulate and support the study and research of Queensland macro-fungi Vice President through the collection, storage, analysis and dissemination of information about fungi through workshops and fungal forays; Diana Leemon 3. Promote, at both the state and federal levels, the identification of Secretary Queensland’s macrofungal biodiversity through documentation and publication of its macro-fungi; Judith Hewett [email protected] 4. Promote an understanding and appreciation of the roles macro-fungal biodiversity plays in the health of Queensland ecosystems; and Treasurer 5. Promote the conservation of indigenous macro-fungi and their relevant Diana Leemon ecosystems. Minute Keeper Membership Judith Hewett Membership of QMS is $25 per annum, due at the beginning of each calendar Membership Secretary year, and is open to anyone with an interest in Queensland fungi. Membership is not restricted to people living in Queensland. Membership forms are available on Frances Guard the website, http://qldfungi.org.au/. [email protected] Could members please notify the membership secretary Foray Coordinator ( memsec@ qldfungi.org.au ) of changes to their contact details, especially e-mail Susie Webster addresses. -
UWA Microbush Fungi Report 2005
UWA Microbush Fungi Report 2005 Nineteen people attended the PUBF Fungi Practical Class for Environmental Microbiology at the University of Western Australia Microbiology Department and the “Microbush” next door on 20 July 2005, held between 2-5pm. The walk was organised together with the Microbiology Department of the University of Western Australia. Two groups collected fungi, led by Roz Hart of the PUBF Project and David Sutton, Lecturer from the University of Western Australia. Ghost fungus Omphalotus nidiformis Unknown vouchered resupinate Tubaria sp . Common Rosegill Volvariella speciosa Recommendation : This list represents a very small portion of the fungi which are likely to be present in this reserve. Due to the nature of fungi, which fruit irregularly and intermittently, it will be necessary to conduct many such surveys over different days in the fungi season as well as in successive years to produce an accurate inventory of the fungi present in this valuable urban bush reserve. Perth Urban Bushland Fungi Project, UWA Fungi Report 2005 StreetExpress Map showing the location of the UWA Microbush site in Nedlands Aerial photo showing the track walked by Roz Hart’s group. StreetExpress map reproduced with permission of DLI, P332, Aerial photos reproduced with permission of DLI, 13/2005. Page 2 OziExplorer and OziPhotoTool were used to produce the track and linked fungi photos. Perth Urban Bushland Fungi Project, UWA Fungi Report 2005 UWA Microbush Fungi List 2005 Fungi names are provisional only as many of these fungi have not been examined in detail to confirm the names. The list below contains all the fungi recorded by the 4 groups. -
Biolphilately Vol-64 No-3
Vol. 67 (1) Biophilately March 2018 27 FUNGI Editor Dr. Paul A. Mistretta, BU1681 New Listings Scott# Denom Common Name/Scientific Name Family Code [Ed. Note: Occasionally in this section and also in the Herpetology section, we will note a species that is known to be poisonous by marking it with a () symbol. One should not infer that other species that are not so marked are non-poisonous or safe to handle/eat.] DJIBOUTI 2017 January 20 (110th anniv. Scouting) (MS/4) 1106d 280fr Lentinus squarrosulus (w/Scout) Polyporaceae C 2017 January 20 (Butterflies) (MS/4) 1118 Margin LL: ?Fly Agaric, Amanita muscaria () Amanitaceae Z 2017 January 20 (Mushrooms) (MS/4 & SS/1) 1124a 280fr Chanterelle, Cantharellus cibarius Cantharellaceae A 1124b 280fr Brain Mushroom, Gyromitra esculenta Discinaceae A 1124c 280fr Beautiful Clavaria, Ramaria formosa Gomphaceae A 1124d 280fr Bitter Bolete, Tylopilus felleus Boletaceae A 1149 SS 960fr Frosty Funnel, Clitocybe phyllophila Tricholomataceae A Margin R. Common Morel, Morchella esculenta Morchellaceae Z 2017 January 20 (Mushrooms) (MS/4 & SS/1) 1275a 240fr Slippery Jack or Sticky Bun, Suillus luteus Suillaceae A 1275b 240fr Shaggy Parasol, Macrolepiota rhacodes Agaricaceae A 1275c 240fr Penny Bun, Boletus edulis Boletaceae A 1275d 240fr Sooty Head, Tricholoma portentosum Tricholomataceae A 1295 SS 950fr Common Puffball, Lycoperdon perlatum Agaricaceae A Margin R: Saffron Milk Cap, Lactarius deliciosus Russulaceae Z ICELAND 2017 September 14 (Lichens) (Set/2) 1446 (180k) Common Orange Lichen, Xanthoria parietina