DOCSLIB.ORG

Mobility in Ancient Egypt from the Shape and Strength of the Femurs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mobility in Ancient Egypt from the Shape and Strength of the Femurs Herrerín Jesús, Carmenate Margarita Mobility in ancient Egypt Anthropological Review • Vol. 84(2), 181–199 (2021) Mobility in Ancient Egypt from the shape and strength of the femurs Herrerín Jesús, Carmenate Margarita Universidad Autónoma de Madrid ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to establish the degree of robustness and to infer the level of mobility of a group from ancient Thebes (Middle Egypt). Seventy-one left femurs of adult individuals from the 1st century AD from the tomb of Monthemhat (Luxor) were studied. Metrical, non-metrical variables, shape and size indices of femur were considered. Stature, body mass and Body Mass Index were calculated. All variables showed higher values in males, the vertical diameter of the femoral head was the variable with the highest sexual dimorphism. Non-metric variables also indicated low robustness, with heterogeneous sex distribution. The robustness, pilastric and platymeric indices indicated that the values were close to those of gracile populations in both sexes. Subtrochanteric size and shape showed no sexual dimorphism. The robustness, size and shape in the middle of the diaphysis suggested a mobility related to a daily occupation without intense physical activity in the legs. The results indicate a profile of low robustness, relative sedentarism with apparent sexual division in daily activities. KEY WORDS: mobility, robustness, sexual dimorphism. Introduction recognized the sensitivity of bone to me- chanical stimuli and the capacity to adapt During development, subjects are ex- dimensions of size and shape to external posed to an accumulation of environmen- pressures (Chen et al. 2010). A series of tal variables that can alter their morphol- changes occur in the bone components as ogy, so the interpretation of their physical adaptive responses to functional condi- dimensions permits for an understanding tions, including adopting a posture that of body structural responses to these is repeated or maintained over time (Vila- environmental forces (Niño 2005). As dor Voegeli 2001). early as the 19th century, in 1892, Ju- Variations in some metric and lius Wolff enunciated Wolff’s law which non-metric variables of the long bones in Original Research Article Received: May 05, 2021; Revised: May 28, 2021; Accepted: May 31, 2021 DOI: 10.2478/anre-2021-0014 © 2021 Polish Anthropological Society 182 Herrerín Jesús, Carmenate Margarita response to certain mechanical loads al- and larger diameters) is an expression lows us to relate them to habitual activity of resistance to external forces, as well patterns with different degrees of phys- as to the vertical load caused by body ical effort, as well as to establish differ- weight. For this reason, it has been the ences in the distribution of resources in subject of many studies that relate bone these populations (Cook 1984; Meikle- morphology, more specifically the quo- john et al. 1984). tient between the anteroposterior and According to various authors (Cur- transverse diameters at the midpoint of rey 1984; Martin and Burr 1989; San- the diaphysis (Ruff 1987, 1994; Larsen et tana et al. 2014) populations with high al. 1995; Larsen 1997; Stock and Pfeiffer displacement activity are characterized 2001, 2004; Holt 2003), with Terrestri- by greater bone robusticity while more al Logistic Mobility (TLM), defined as sedentary populations exhibit less ro- the distance traveled by an individual or busticity (Larsen 1981; Trinkaus 1983; group from their residence to workplace Ruff, Larsen and Hayes 1984; Bridges and back (Wescott 2006). Similarly, dis- 1989; Collier 1989). This is explained tribution of labor between the sexes in by morphological changes produced in a population will also be reflected in the the insertion of ligaments, tendons, and bone structure of individuals, as has been muscles due to mechanical action caused described in several investigations (Holt by the performance of a specific activi- 2003; Stock and Pfeiffer 2004; Wescott ty throughout the life cycle; mechanical 2006). forces model the internal and external The objectives of this study were to structure of bone (Ruff 1987; Kenne- establish the degree of robustness and dy 1989; Galtés et al. 2007; Santana et to infer the level of mobility of a human al. 2014). Therefore, mechanical load- group which lived in ancient Thebes, the ing can increase the thickness of long capital of Middle Egypt, 2000 years ago. bones axes (Currey 1984; Martin and The importance of this study is multi- Burr 1989). faceted: on the one hand, the number of Characterizing the robustness, size, individuals studied is sufficient enough and shape of bone diaphysis involves in order to draw informed conclusions describing the dimensions, constitu- that have a wide base. Alternatively, tion, and development of skeletal muscle the appropriate state of preservation of (Hoyme and Iscan 1989). In long bones, the femurs studied allowed all the nec- it is important to know the robustness of essary measurements to be taken and a the epiphyses and diaphysis, which can complete analysis of their morphology to indicate the degree of bone adaptation to be carried out. Moreover, both sexes are the environment (Pearson 2000), as well widely represented in the sample, which as the residual robustness of the femur, allowed comparisons to be made with which is more associated with changes more reliability. Finally, studies carried produced by mechanical stress caused by out on Egyptian populations from this mobility-related physical activity (Ruff period are scarce. Therefore, this study 1987, 2000; Pearson 2000). can shed light on the individuals who The femur is one of the bones most lived during this important part of an- involved in locomotion; its robustness cient Egyptian history. (synonymous with thick cortical walls Mobility in ancient Egypt 183 Materials and Methods section. In the 1990`s, some studies of the decorative aspects of the first patio The tomb of Monthemhat (TT34) is lo- of the tomb were performed (Russmann cated in a section of the necropolis of 1994). Later, in 2006, intensive archaeo- El-Asasif, near Deir el-Bahari on the west- logical, linguistic, and paleopathological ern bank of the Nile in the ancient city research, as well as restoration and doc- of Thebes (Luxor, Egypt; Fig. 1). Mon- umentation work, were carried out (Bax- themhat, the fourth priest of Amon, was arias 2007; Gomàa and Martínez Babón the ruler of Thebes and southern Egypt 2007; Villalba Varneda 2007; García- during the 25th and 26th Dynasties, from Guixé et al. 2010). 670 to 648 BC (Leclant 1961; Gomàa In Room 127 of the tomb, during one 2006; Gomàa and Martínez Babón 2007). of the last archaeological campaigns, a The existence of the TT34 Tomb had collection of human skeletal remains was been known for a long time but it has found along with ceramic remains. These not been studied (Gomàa 2006; Gomàa amphorae were dated between the first and Martínez Babón 2007). The first ex- and second centuries AD and served to peditions were carried out by Eisenlohr assign a reliable chronology to the human in 1885 (Eisenlohr 1885), at which time remains (Bagnall 2001, 2011; Gomàa the southern sanctuary in the courtyard and Martínez Babón 2007; Gates-Foster was partially excavated. In 1888, Krall 2012). The skeletal remains discovered (1888) arrived at the Hall of Niches, consisted of long bones, scapulae, crania where a statue of Osiris was located. Fur- and some mandibles. They were stacked ther investigation of the third southern and assembled in organized sets of bones sanctuary was carried out by Scheil in (crania together, femora together, and so 1890 (Scheil 1894). From 1949 to 1951, on). There is no written evidence of who Barguet et al. (1951) began the excava- had constructed these piles or when this tion of two areas: the large courtyard and act was carried out. Since the bone piles the associated sanctuaries and the clan- were not related to each other, sex had to destine chambers located in the northern be estimated from femur measurements. The sample consisted of 71 femurs be- longing to adults over 21 years of age. The bones had been stacked on top of each other, making it impossible to as- sign a right and left femur to a specific individual. The left femur was chosen because they were preserved in greater numbers and because they were in better condition than the right ones. Damaged femurs were not included in this study. Sex estimation Sex was estimated using discriminant functions based on different femoral Fig. 1. Luxor, Egypt variables developed by Krogman (1962), 184 Herrerín Jesús, Carmenate Margarita Black (1978), Trancho et al. (1996), to Martin and Saller (1958), Bass (1987), Alemán et al. (1997), Safont et al. (2000), Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994). Measure- Albanese et al. (2005) and Gaballah et al. ments were made using a sliding cali- (2014). Of the 71 adult femurs included per (0.01 mm), a bone chart and a tape in the study, 35 (49.3%) were male, 31 measure. The degree of sexual dimor- (43.7%) were female, and 5 (7.0%) were phism was calculated using the formula classified as undetermined and discarded DMS = 100* (male mean/female mean). for analysis. Non-metric variables were taken accord- ing to Feneis (1994). Metric and non-metric variables Fourteen indices were calculated (Ta- ble 3), six of which were robustness in- Nine metric and three non-metric vari- dices, two of which related to the size ables were measured (Tables 1 and 2). of the diaphysis at its midpoint to the The variables were measured according physiological length of the bone (FMR- Table 1. Description of metric variables Variable Description Instrument Maximum mor- Straight distance between the most proximal point of the head Osteometric phological length and the most distal point of the medial condyle. board (FM-L-1) Physiological length The measurement is made from the distal aspect of the condyle Osteometric (FM-L-2) to the most proximal aspect of the femoral head (the point that board gives the maximum measurement).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ABSTRACT Carl Nicholas Reeves STUDIES in the ARCHAEOLOGY
    ABSTRACT Carl Nicholas Reeves STUDIES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS, with particular reference to tomb robbery and the caching of the royal mummies This study considers the physical evidence for tomb robbery on the Theban west bank, and its resultant effects, during the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. Each tomb and deposit known from the Valley of the Kings is examined in detail, with the aims of establishing the archaeological context of each find and, wherever possible, isolating and comparing the evidence for post-interment activity. The archaeological and documentary evidence pertaining to the royal caches from Deir el-Bahri, the tomb of Amenophis II and elsewhere is drawn together, and from an analysis of this material it is possible to suggest the routes by which the mummies arrived at their final destinations. Large-scale tomb robbery is shown to have been a relatively uncommon phenomenon, confined to periods of political and economic instability. The caching of the royal mummies may be seen as a direct consequence of the tomb robberies of the late New Kingdom and the subsequent abandonment of the necropolis by Ramesses XI. Associated with the evacuation of the Valley tombs may be discerned an official dismantling of the burials and a re-absorption into the economy of the precious commodities there interred. STUDIES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS, with particular reference to tomb robbery and the caching of the royal mummies (Volumes I—II) Volume I: Text by Carl Nicholas Reeves Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Oriental Studies University of Durham 1984 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Bark of Bastet Dr. Abdalla Abdel-Raziq ♦♦♦
    ـــــــــــــــــــــ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻶﺜﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ ( )١٢ Sacred bark of Bastet Dr. Abdalla Abdel-Raziq ♦♦♦ Just as ancient Egyptian gods, or their cult images which represented them on earth, had houses (temples), tables, beds, clothes and jewellery, etc. so they had also full-sized barks – which were similar in shape to Nile boats, except that their prows 1 and sterns 2 were adorned with the aegis 3of the god in question, and the cabin was replaced by a naos containing the cult image of the deity – in which to travel by river or canal. One must distinguish clearly between two kinds of these sacred barks 4: real ships which carried images or shrines on Nile, canals or sacred lakes during the celebration of religious festivals, and portable barks or boat-shrines either dragged or borne in procession 5on the shoulders of the temple ♦A lecturer of Egyptology, in the Department of archaeology, Egyptology branch, in the Faculty of Arts, Assiut University. 1 M. G. JÉQUIER , " Matériaux pour servir à l'établissement d'un dictionnaire d'archéologie égyptienne ", BIFAO 19, 1922, p.165-167. 2ibid ., p. 50-54. 3Aegis is a Greek term for 'shield', used by Egyptologists to describe a representation of a broad necklace surmounted with the head of a deity. Depictions of sacred barks show that they had an aegis attached to the prow. See H. BONNET , Reallexikon der Ägyptischen Religionsgeschichte, Berlin, 1952, p. 8-9, s. v. "Ägis"; M. LURKER , The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Egypt , London, 1980, p. 24, s. v. "aegis"; I. SHAW , P.
    [Show full text]
  • Cairo, the Egyptian Museum
    Cairo, Egyptian Museum Past and present members of the staff of the Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings, especially R. L. B. Moss and E. W. Burney, have taken part in the preparation of this list at the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford This pdf version (situation on 15 August 2011): Jaromir Malek (Editor), Diana Magee, Elizabeth Fleming and Alison Hobby (Assistants to the Editor), Sue Hutchison and Tracy Walker Volume i2 Part 1 Thebes. Tomb 1. Sennedjem. i2.1, 3(5) Door, wood, in Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 27303. Inner face, Toda, Son Notém, pl. opp. 30. See Brief Descr. No. 2006; Maspero, Guide (1915), 510 [4912]. Thebes. Tomb 1. Sennedjem. Objects of dec. i2.4 Outer coffin and sledge, in Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 27301. Schmidt, Sarkofager figs. 625-730. See Brief Descr. No. 2001; Maspero, Guide (1915), 393 [3797]. Thebes. Tomb 1. Sennedjem. Objects of dec. i2.4 Inner coffin and mummy-board (as ‘case’ in Bibl.), in Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 27308. Ramsès le Grand (Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais. Paris 1976), Cats. xxxv-vi with col. pls. See Brief Descr. No. 2003. Thebes. Tomb 1. Sennedjem. Objects of dec. i2.4 Masks, in Cairo, Egyptian Museum, See Maspero, Guide (1915), 452 [4273-4]. Thebes. Tomb 1. Sennedjem. Objects of dec. i2.4 Canopic box, in Cairo, Egyptian Museum, JE 27307. Name and title, erný Nbk. 77, 1 [bottom]. Thebes. Tomb 1. Sennedjem. Objects of dec. i2.4 Two ushabti-coffins, in Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 48411-12. Newberry, Funeral Statuettes and Model Sarcophagi (Cat.
    [Show full text]
  • Gregory J. Tsongalis, Ph.D., H.C.L.D., F.A.C.B., C.C
    CURRICULUM VITAE Date prepared: July 8, 2019 NAME: Gregory J. Tsongalis, Ph.D., H.C.L.D., F.A.C.B., C.C. ADDRESS: Office Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center One Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH 03756 Tel: (603) 650-5498 Email: [email protected] I. EDUCATION: DATES INSTITUTION DEGREE 1980 – 1984 University of Massachusetts at Amherst B.S., Major: Zoology, Minor: Chemistry 1984 – 1986 Quinnipiac College Hamden, CT M.H.S., Pathology Assistant Training Program 1986 – 1990 Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Ph.D., Pathology Sciences (formerly UMDNJ), Newark, NJ II. POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING DATES INSTITUTION SPECIALTY 6/85 – 10/85 West Haven Veterans’ Administration, Medical Center, West Haven, CT,Surgical and Autopsy Pathology Internship 10/85 – 2/86 Saint Vincent’s Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, Surgical and Autopsy Pathology Internship 2/86 – 5/86 Norwalk Community Hospital, Norwalk, CT, Surgical and Autopsy Pathology Internship 1990 – 1992 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, Postdoctoral Research Associate, Molecular Carcinogenesis, Dept. of Pathology (David Kaufman) 1992 – 1994 University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, Clinical Research Fellow, Clinical Chemistry Training Program, Dept. of Hospital Laboratories, Division of Molecular Pathology and Clinical Chemistry (Lawrence Silverman) III. ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS DATE INSTITUTION TITLE 1995 – 2003 University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Pathobiology 1995 – 2003 University
    [Show full text]
  • The Distribution of Book of the Dead Spells' in Ptolemaic Tombs in Egypt
    International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality Vol. (12), No. (1/2), March, 2018 By: Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University The Distribution of Book of the Dead Spells’ in Ptolemaic Tombs in Egypt Nagoua Zoair Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University Abstract Tomb was the posthumous residence of the deceased. Thus Ancient Egyptians high priority great attention to construct an elaborate tomb equipped with all necessities of eternal existence as the iconography of walls and ceiling. The religious theme was the principal sources of tombs’ decorative programs in Ptolemaic Period in Egypt. These scenes revealed many subjects as presenting offerings to gods, but the most frequent scene’s subject is that of funerary texts, especially the vignette and texts of Book of the Dead. This paper aims to investigate the spatial distribution of Book of the Dead’s scenes on different parts of the tomb and its significance. It will survey all scenes according to their spell number and every spell will be analysed according to place, title, vignette’s description and finally its function; the latter highlight its choice. Results could provide some indications about the function of every part of the tomb. Key words: Tombs, Ptolemaic Period, Egypt, Book of the Dead, Funerary beliefs. Introduction Seeking of Posthumous existence and immortality was the ultimate goal of Ancient Egyptians. Accordingly, they developed many funerary texts to secure the deceased’s resurrection and to gain immortality; these spells and utterances subsumes under some generic names as: Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, Book of the Dead. Others were developed to describe the sun’s journey in the Underworld as: Amduat, Book of the two Ways, Book of the Gates, Book of Caverns, Book of the Cow…etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Images in Private Tombs at Thebes in the Early Ramesside Period
    ROYAL IMAGES IN PRIVATE TOMBS AT THEBES IN THE EARLY RAMESSIDE PERIOD by GABRIELLE HEFFERNAN A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of Master of Philosophy Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham June 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Cultural memory is a relatively new area of study within Egyptology. It is, however, a key issue in the understanding of how society functioned. Important work has been done by scholars such as Assmann on the subject and this study hopes to build on that by taking the case of depictions of kings in Theban tombs, and discussing what they may tell us about the role of the king in the lives of the people. This study will focus on three types of scene; the king as a part of everyday life, the king as a historical figure, and the king as a 'divine' being. This will allow a more detailed study of how the king, and kingship, was understood by people who were not members of the royal court, or holders of high office.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Egypt (Delta Area) 6; Damietta 7; Port Said 12; Al Sharqia 5; Dakahlia 4; Kafr Es-Sheikh 9; Gharbia 11; Qalyubia
    Updated list of current working missions in Egypt and Sudan June 2015 Lower Egypt (Delta area) 6; Damietta 7; Port Said 12; Al Sharqia 5; Dakahlia 4; Kafr es-Sheikh 9; Gharbia 11; Qalyubia Suez area 13; Ismailia 17; Suez Alexandria area 2; Alexandria 3; Beheira 10; Menofia Cairo area 16; Cairo 14; Giza Matruh (western Desert) 1; Matruh Faiyum area 15; Faiyum Red Sea and Sinai area 8; North Sinai 18; South Sinai 23 – Red Sea Middle Egypt 20; Minya 19; Beni Suef 22; Asyut 24; Sohag Luxor area 26; Luxor 25; Qena Aswan 27; Aswan Lower Egypt (Delta) 6 – Damietta 7 – Port Said 12 – Al Sharqia Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala) and Tell el-Murrah, Al Sharqia Mariusz Jucha, Polish Archaeology Center http://www.farkha.org/ https://www.facebook.com/farkha.org http://www.murra.pl/tell-el-murra/sezon-2014/?lang=en Página 1 Updated list of current working missions in Egypt and Sudan June 2015 Tell Basta Project, Al Sharqia Eva Lange, University of Würzburg, SCA http://tellbasta.tumblr.com/ Middle Kingdom Palace at Bubastis Manfred Bietak, OREA Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, SCA, University of Wurzburg http://www.orea.oeaw.ac.at/egypt_.html Tell el-Iswid South, Al Sharqia Béatrix Midant-Reynes, IFAO http://www.ifao.egnet.net/archeologie/tell-el-iswid/ Qantir-Piramesse, Qantir, Al Sharqia Henning Franzmeier, Hildesheim Museum, Germany http://www.ucl.ac.uk/qatar/research/qantir-piramesse http://www.rpmuseum.de/?id=340 Tell Ibrahim Awad, Al Sharqia Willem M. Van Haarlem, Allard Pierson Museum, The Netherlands http://www.allardpiersonmuseum.nl/collectie-onderzoek/onderzoeksprojecten/opgraving-tell-ibrahim- awad/opgravingen.html http://www.nwo.nl/en/research-and-results/research-projects/67/2300165467.html Tell Dibgou (MATD), Al Sharqia Philippe Brissaud, Scientific School of High Studies, Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Statues of the Late, Ptolemaic and Roman Periods
    THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD Dynasties XXI-XXIV Man and woman Standing. Stone. 801-701-520 # ! Penwedjet(?) P3-n-wdt{t}(?) t9! , Child of the chief of the Ma (headless) and wife ...y ...jj ~ ~ 11 , Songstress of the wabt of Ptah, dedicated by Esptah Ns-pth tB# . W+!< , Child of the chief of the Ma, with text mentioning Pta h-Sokari, black granite, Dyn. XXII, in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, 9320. Bosse, Die menschliche Figur [etc.], 66 [180] Taf. x [a]. ‚Text, Aeg. Inschr. ii, 229- 30. ‚See Ausf. Verz. 232; Yoyotte in Mélanges Maspero i [4], 128 [33]. 801-701-580 Statuette base with two pairs of feet, probably of woman Tentamenopet T3-nt-jmn- . t- jpt 1 t M ! , King’s wife (of Sesonchis III), and Amenemhet Jmn-m- .PG h. 3t 1t ! , God’s father of Amun-Re, Prophet of the statue(?) of pharaoh Sheshonk-meriamun (Sesonchis III), with text mentioning Isis, quartzite, temp. Sesonchis III, in London, Petrie Museum, 14661. Stewart, Eg. Stelae iii, 34 [128] pl. 45. Seated. Stone. 801-702-100 Man and woman, feet and front of base lost, inscribed, including a large cartouche of Osorkon II on front of seat, granite, temp. Osorkon II, at Sotheby’s (New York) in 1999. Sotheby (New York) Sale Cat. June 5, 1999, No. 319 fig. (as Dyn. XVIII). 738 Man Standing. Stone. 801-703-100 A King’s son, sem-priest, Overseer of the six great houses, etc., torso and right leg (foot lost), with text mentioning Atum, and wife Merytre Mrjjt-r i, Songstress of Re, in relief, probably Dyn.
    [Show full text]
  • Das Höhlenbuch Im Grab Des Petamenophis (TT33) , , 
    Das Höhlenbuch im Grab des Petamenophis (TT33) , , Daniel A. Werning BERLIN STUDIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD ist eines von drei großen Unterwelts- büchern des ägyptischen Neuen Reiches (16.–11. Jh. v. Chr.) und beschreibt in 80 Szenen und ca. zwöl ausend Text- wörtern die nächtliche Reise des Sonnengottes vom West- zum Osthorizont durch eine Folge von sechs unterwelt- lichen Höhlen. Mit diesem Werk verö entlicht der Autor den Text und Bildbestand des bislang unpublizierten Textzeugen des altägyptischen Höhlenbuches im Grab des Obersten Vorlesepriesters Petamenophis (Theban Tomb 33, Asasif, Luxor). Der Textzeuge in TT33 ist einer der drei wichtigsten vollständigen Textzeugen dieses Unterweltsbuches. Es ist in diesem Grab in geschickter Weise auf den Wänden einer Folge von drei Räumen und Korridoren angebracht, die zur Sarkophagkammer führen, und ist vergleichsweise vollständig erhalten. Die vorliegende Publikation bietet eine kurze Einführung in die Forschungsgeschichte, die Gestaltung und Ausführung des Textzeugen, sowie eine genaue Beschreibung der Her- stellung der Edition. Der Hauptteil besteht aus 80 Szenen- Daniel A. Werning Umzeichnungen mit Textkolumnen-Nummerierung und 135 Tafeln mit digital gesetztem hieroglyphischem Text, sowie 29 Wandüberblickstafeln. An geeigneten Stellen wird mittels DOI auf die Publikation der den Umzeich- nungen zugrundeliegenden Arbeitsfotos im Online- Repositorium der Edition Topoi verwiesen. berlin studies of 66 the ancient world berlin studies of the ancient world · 66 edited by topoi excellence cluster Das Höhlenbuch im Grab des Petamenophis (TT33) szenen, texte, wandtafeln Daniel A. Werning Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Egypt New & Forthcoming Titles
    Ancient Egypt New & Forthcoming Titles Conversations in the House of Life A New Translation of the Ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth by Richard Jasnow and Karl-Theodor Zauzich This volume offers a new translation of a text first published as The Ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth (2005). The composition is a dialogue between a Master, perhaps the god Thoth himself, and a Disciple, named “The-one-who-loves-knowledge.” Originally written in Demotic, the text dates to the Graeco-Roman Period (ca. 300 BC to 400 AD). The dialogue covers everything from how to hold the writing brush and the symbolic significance of scribal utensils to a long exposition on sacred geography. The work may be an initiation text dealing with sacred knowledge. It is closely associated with the House of Life, the temple scriptorium where the priests wrote their books. Conversations in the House of Life is intended for the general reader. The revised translation reflects recent advances in our understanding of the text. The explanatory essays, commentary, and glossary help the reader explore the fascinating universe of the Book of Thoth. 244p (Harrassowitz Verlag, March 2014) paperback, 9783447101165, $30.00. Special Offer $24.00 Karanis Revealed Discovering the Past and Present of a Michigan Excavation in Egypt edited by T.G. Wilfong, with the assistance of Andrew W.S. Ferrara In 2011 and 2012, the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology presented the exhibition Karanis Revealed in two parts, using artifacts from the excavations and archival material to explore aspects of the site and its excavation in the 1920s and 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptian Perspectives on Writing and Grammar in the Late Period and Greco- Roman Period
    CONCEPTIONS OF LANGUAGE: EGYPTIAN PERSPECTIVES ON WRITING AND GRAMMAR IN THE LATE PERIOD AND GRECO- ROMAN PERIOD by Katherine Eastwick Davis A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland October, 2016 © 2016 Katherine Eastwick Davis All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the Egyptians’ consciousness of their own language and scripts as a structured system and its influence on the scribal culture from 700 BCE to 300 CE. During this period, while Greek and Demotic, and their attendant scripts, developed into the everyday languages, scribes still employed archaic Middle Egyptian and the classical hieratic and hieroglyphic scripts to varying degrees within in a priestly environment. Through an investigation of technical texts and their larger scribal and cultural context, I contend that Egyptian scribes were aware of their own language and scripts as a structured system and exploited that knowledge in contemporaneously produced texts. In the first part, I examine the grammatical and alphabetic texts in demotic. Based on their development and internal organization, they reveal an awareness of syntactic and phonetic units. Moreover, by contextualizing their role in the larger process of scribal education, I show that forerunners of these exercises can be seen in New Kingdom scribal education and that they do not in fact reflect Greek influence, as some scholars have suggested. In the second part, I analyze onomastica and sign lists and their role in the elite scribal activities of the House of Life. These lists transmit not just a list of things, but also information regarding orthography, lexical nuances and parallels, and phonetic value.
    [Show full text]
  • Títulos Do Proprietário Cronologia
    NEARCO – Revista Eletrônica de Antiguidade 2015, Ano VIII, Número II – ISSN 1982-8713 Núcleo de Estudos da Antiguidade Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Artigo aprobado em outubro de 2015 O RITUAL COMO MATERIALIZAÇÃO DE PROJETOS POLÍTICOS: UMA COMPARAÇÃO DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES RITUAIS EM TUMBAS DE AMARNA E TEBAS María Violeta Pereyra1; Rennan de Souza Lemos2; Liliana Manzi3 RESUMO Este artigo busca analisar a prática ritual como materialização de projetos políticos. No caso da necrópole de Amarna, esse projeto estava associado às reformas de Akhenaton e à ideia de purificação. No caso de Tebas, é possível associá-lo à exaltação da elite com restauração pós-amarniana de Amon. Para abordar o tema, analisamos cenas registradas nas tumbas dos funcionários que foram contemporâneos a ambos os momentos, assim como a articulação de tais cenas com a paisagem. Essa articulação é entendida como forma representação litúrgica, onde a visibilidade em relação ao templo e as relações de proximidade entre as tumbas funcionava como outra forma de materializar esses projetos. Nestes, participaram as elites, oferecendo exemplos de subordinação, em alguns casos, e de tensão, em outros. Palavras-chave: Egiptologia; Tumbas de Amarna; Tumbas Tebanas, Paisagem. ABSTRACT This paper explores the idea that considers ritual practice as a form of embodiment of political projects. In the case of the necropolis at Amarna, the project is associated with the reforms of Akhenaten and the idea of purification. For the Theban Necropolis, it is connected to the move back to orthodoxy after the Amarna Period. The subject is explored by means of analysing scenes in tombs of high officials contemporary to both moments.
    [Show full text]