MASARYK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Education Department of English Language and Literature

Translation and Analysis of The Commitments by Roddy Doyle

Bachelor Thesis

Brno 2009

Supervised by Written by Mgr. Martin Němec Zuzana Pilátová

Declaration I hereby declare that this bachelor thesis is my own work and that the information I used has been acknowledged in the text and included in the reference list. I agree with putting the thesis on public display at Masaryk University for study purposes.

Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem tuto bakalářskou práci zpracovala samostatně a ţe informace, které jsem při vypracování pouţívala, řádně cituji s uvedením úplného odkazu na příslušný zdroj. Dávám svolení k tomu, aby byla tato bakalářská práce zpřístupněna na Masarykově univerzitě ke studijním účelům.

………………………………… Zuzana Pilátová

- 2 -

Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mgr. Martin Němec for his constant encouragement, expert advice and insightful comments on the text as well as recommending literature.

- 3 -

Annotation This bachelor thesis is concerned with the translation and subsequent analysis of an extract from the comic novel The Commitments by a leading Irish author Roddy Doyle. Its main goal is to suggest contemporary Czech lexical equivalents to predominantly colloquial expressions typical of the slang of Northside in Dublin in order to preserve Doyle‟s authentic and imaginative dialogue. The work consists of two parts. The first is practical, containing the translation itself. The second, theoretical part analyses the style of the original text as well as the author‟s application of basic translation principles to various translation difficulties.

Anotace Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá překladem a následnou analýzou úryvku z humorného románu ‚The Commitments„ předního irského autora Roddyho Doyla. Hlavním cílem práce je navrhnout současné české ekvivalenty k převáţně hovorovým výrazům typickým pro slang severního Dublinu a zachovat Doylův autentický a nápaditý dialog. Práce zahrnuje dvě části. Praktická obsahuje samotný překlad. Teoretická analyzuje styl původního textu a také autorčino vyuţití základních překladatelských principů při překonávání překladatelských těţkostí.

Key Words The Commitments, Roddy Doyle, translation, translation analysis, equivalence

Klíčová slova The Commitments, Roddy Doyle, překlad, analýza překladu, ekvivalence

- 4 -

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1.1. Thrill of Translation ...... 6 1.2. Motives and Intentions ...... 6 1.3. Outline of the Thesis ...... 7 2. RODDY DOYLE ...... 8 3. THE COMMITMENTS ...... 10 4. PRACTICAL PART ...... 11 5. THEORETICAL PART ...... 51 5.1. Process of Translation ...... 51 5.1.1. Understanding ...... 51 5.1.2 Interpretation ...... 52 5.1.2.1. Language...... 52 5.1.2.2. Personal and Geographical Names ...... 53 5.1.2.3. Music Matters ...... 54 5.1.2.4. Polysemous Words ...... 55 5.1.2.5. Title ...... 56 5.1.3. Rewriting ...... 58 5.2. Equivalence in Practice ...... 59 5.2.1. Stylistic Differences ...... 60 5.2.1.1. Reporting Verbs ...... 60 5.2.1.2 Emotive Expressions ...... 62 5.2.1.3. Collocations ...... 62 5.2.1.4. Cohesion ...... 64 5.2.2. Pragmatic Differences ...... 65 5.2.3. Grammatical Differences ...... 69 5.2.4. Compensation ...... 72 6. CONCLUSION ...... 75 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 76 8. INTERNET SOURCES ...... 77

- 5 -

1. INTRODUCTION

Thrill of Translation

This bachelor thesis deals with the translation and subsequent analysis of an extract from the short novel The Commitments. The reason why I have chosen practical translation and analysis as a topic of my work were the translation seminars which I was attending and thoroughly enjoying. There I discovered that translation is like a rollercoaster ride, so thrilling and sensational. It brings not only boundless joy, excitement and satisfaction, but also frustration, gloom and despair.

Undoubtedly, translators experience the first when their own text and the original merge into one, when they are like soul mates operating on the same wavelength. However, translators sometimes get stuck in an often apparently uncomplicated expression or phrase. Then the latter comes. Overcoming the problem certainly takes some time. Once you solve it, you are raring to get into a car, fasten your seatbelt and take another breathtaking round.

Motives and Intentions

The book I have chosen for the translation is one by a contemporary Irish author Roddy Doyle which has not been translated into the Czech language so far. I came across this book in the early 1990s after having seen a feature film by Alan Parker that was based on it. I was overwhelmed with its life and energy. Truly, it filled me with a desire to be one of the heroes and the next logical step was to reach for the book since I was eager to learn more about each character. Finding out it was not on the market at bookshops at that time, my disappointment was vast. Luckily, I obtained an English version of the book and it has been one of my favourites since.

Reading it for the first time, I struggled with a transcription of Irish slang. To be frank, it took me a long time to wade through. Neverthless I have returned many times and finally appreciated the humour, style, mood and even rhythm of the speech which the book offers.

The novel seems to be extremely challenging for translators all over the world because at least half of the book is “the eccentrically rendered dialogue, full of constant profanity and raucous,

- 6 -

repetitive slang of North Dublin speech, and therefore it contains many delightful Irish turns of English phrases.” (Peach 131).

In my own translation, I try to do my best to preserve all the features (including the graphic arrangement of the novel) which make the book so specific and easily recognisable. An idea has struck my mind that the expressions significant for North Dublin slang could be translated by Brno slang phrases while transferring all the colloquial speech into Czech could be done by the means of using word endings of the variety about which a linguist Naughton (2005 2) writes:

People may refer to this variety as hovorová čeština „colloquial Czech‟; the term has sometimes been used for a slightly relaxed version of the standard language, avoiding more literary or „bookish‟ features, but still more or less standard in phonetics and grammar.

Outline of the Thesis

The following pages of the thesis will be devoted to Roddy Doyle, the author of the book, as well as to the novel itself. Then the practical part will follow, the content of which is my own solution to the translation. Finally, in the theoretical part I will fix my attention to the theoretical principles of translation and their application in the previous part. There will be a section based predominantly on Levý‟s publication Umění překladu where I will try to indicate how the process of translation itself developed from the very basics to the final version taking into account the majority of Levý‟s recommendations he sets down. Another part dedicated to the examination of equivalence will be relied on Knittlová‟s work K teorii i praxi překladu. Basically, its aim is to provide examples whereby it is possible to demonstrate that the theory applies to the translation.

- 7 -

2. RODDY DOYLE

Martin Wallace (1999: 109) in his collection of brief biographies of the great men and women of Ireland writes that Roddy Doyle, who was born on 8 May 1958, worked as an English and Geography teacher at Greendale Community School in Northside Dublin, in an area known as Kilbarrack which later became the Barrytown of his novels.

Roddy Doyle‟s literary debut The Commitment, the first novel of The Barrytown Trilogy published in 1987, Fig. 1 Roddy Doyle chronicles the rise and fall of an Irish Soul band founded by Jimmy Rabbitte. The story of the Rabbitte family continues in two following novels The Snapper (1990) and The Van (1991). The first one deals with the unexpected pregnancy of Jimmy Rabbitte‟s young unmarried sister Sharon. Sharon refuses to name the father and becomes the talk of the town. This is not much of surprise in Ireland “which had not wholly shed its Catholic Puritanism.” (Wallace 109). Having lost his job, The Van‟s hero, Jimmy Rabbitte Senior, sets up in business as a take-away food seller. This character is often indicated as “one of the most memorable figures in modern Irish fiction.” (Wallace 109).

Although The Van was nominated for the Booker Prize, the book which actually won this prestigious prize in 1993 was Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha. The novel is situated in the Barrytown of the late sixties and it studies how the breakdown of marriage influences a ten-year-old child. It certainly concerns darker matters than the previous works and this tendency develops in further writings such The Woman Who Walked into the Doors (1996), A Star Called Henry (1999), Oh, Play That Thing! (2004), Paula Spencer (2006), Chicago Blues (2006) and The Deportees and Other Stories (2008).

Apart from writing for adult readers, Doyle is also a successful author of several children‟s books, one of which, The Wilderness, Jill Murphy (2008) highly recommends saying that, “A gorgeous family drama split between an ice safari in Finland and a mother-daughter reunion

- 8 -

in Dublin. Doyle's perfect ear for dialogue and unerring ability to tap into emotional dynamics lift this book far above most of the competition.”

Except modifying his novels to screenplays, Doyle has produced two dramas so far. “His plays Brownbread (1987) and War (1989) were successes for the Dublin-based theatre company Passion Machine.” (Wallace 109).

Undoubtedly, Roddy Doyle is a popular author. Although he is sometimes criticized for “his „unflattering‟ depiction of modern Ireland” (McCarthy 2003), he belongs, as Caramine White (2001 1) states, “to the brightest stars on the Irish literary scene today for his innovative use of language; his manipulation of his audience's reaction via comedy and humour; the role, however slight, of religion and politics; and his overall social vision.”

Curious and disappointing it is that Roddy Doyle‟s works, internationally famous though, have been almost ignored by Czech publihers, with three exceptions: Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha, Yeats is Dead! (a novel written by fifteen leading Irish authors together), and Speaking of the Angel (a collection of short stories by various authors compiled by Nick Hornby).

- 9 -

3. THE COMMITMENTS

The book takes place in a fictitious part of Dublin, called Barrytown, in the 1980s Ireland, a country which Emma Brocks (2006: 6) describes as “violent, impoverished, and flattened by the church.” It suffers from political instability, corruption as well as economic problems causing high unemployment and mass emigration. Most Barrytown inhabitants cannot face their grim fate and seek their comfort in heavy drinking or sometimes perpetrate a crime to cater their needs.

However, Jimmy Rabbitte, the main character, knows a better Fig. 2 The cover of the first edition way to escape from everyday misery. “Obsessed with James Brown, Percy Sledge and other rhythm-and-blues greats from across the ocean, he organizes the „world's hardest working band,‟ made up of fellow Dubliners, and sets out to teach the town a lesson about soul.” (Publishers Weekly 1989). “The band slowly becomes more and more musically competent and draws bigger and more enthusiastic audiences. But after a concert the band falls apart when a fight ensues – all while Jimmy is negotiating to record the band's first single with an independent label.” (McCarthy 53).

At first sight, the novel, which “depends heavily on the foulmouthed conversation of its working class Dubliners” (Wallace 109), seems to be nothing more than a great comedy but after a detailed inspection, you can reveal other layers, such as the characters‟ hope for better tomorrows, their search for identity or desire to excel.

Not only the book but also the film and its soundtrack were all massively popular in the 1990s. Of course, there are some differences between the book and film, “the most obvious being that the novel was composed mostly of dialogue, with hardly any physical description; the movie concentrated much more on the collapse of Dublin's inner city.” (White 61). Roddy Doyle mocks the success of the Commitments stating that, “It's a big con job. We have sold the myth of Dublin as a sexy place incredibly well; because it is a dreary little dump most of the time.” (Brocks 6).

- 10 -

4. PRACTICAL PART

THE COMMITMENTS THE COMMITMENTS - kapela, co mohla změnit svět – We‟ll ask Jimmy, said Outspan. – – Zeptáme se Jimmyho, řekl Outspan. – Jimmy‟ll know. Jimmy se vyzná. Jimmy Rabbitte knew his music. He knew Jimmy Rabbitte se v muzice vyznal. his stuff alright. You‟d never see Jimmy Vyznal se v ní dost dobře. Nikdy byste ho coming home from town without a new nezahlídli, jak jde domů z města bez novýho album or a 12-inch or at least a 7-inch elpíčka nebo aspoň singlu. Kaţdej tejden single. Jimmy ate Melody Maker and the zhltnul hudební časáky Melody Maker a New NME every week and Hot Press every two Musical Express a kaţdej druhej Hot Press. weeks. He listened to Dave Fanning and Poslouchal v rádiu Davea Fanninga a Johna John Peel. He even read his sisters‟ Jackie Peela. Dokonce, kdyţ se nikdo nedíval, when there was no one looking. So Jimmy přelouskl Bravo pro dívky, který četly ségry. knew his stuff. Takţe Jimmy se fakticky vyznal. The last time Outspan had flicked through Kdyţ se Outspan naposledy probíral Jimmy‟s records he‟d seen names like Jimmyho sbírkou desek, natrefil na jména Microdisney, Eddie and the Hot Rods, Otis jako Microdisney, Eddie and the Hot Rods, Redding, The Screaming Blue Messiahs, Otis Redding, Screaming Blue Messiahs, Scraping Foetus off the Wheel (– Foetus, Scraping Foetus off the Wheel (– Foetus, said Outspan. – That‟s the little young fella zamyslel se Outspan. – To je ten mrňous inside the woman, isn‟t it? uvnitř ţenskýho břicha, ţe? Je to z latiny, ne? – Yeah, said Jimmy. – Jasně, přikývl Jimmy. – Aah, that‟s fuckin‟ horrible, tha‟ is.); – Fuj, to je fakt děsný jméno.); byly to groups Outspan had never heard of, never kapely, o kterých Outspan v ţivotě neslyšel, mind heard. Jimmy even had albums by natoţ aby je slyšel hrát. Jimmy měl dokonce Frank Sinatra and The Monkees. alba Franka Sinatry a Monkees. So when Outspan and Derek decided, Kdyţ byl Ray na pánech, Outspan while Ray was out in the jacks, that their s Derekem se shodli, ţe kapela potřebuje group needed a new direction they both novej směr. Oba dva přitom pomysleli na thought of Jimmy. Jimmy knew what was Jimmyho. Jimmy věděl, co a jak. Věděl, co je what. Jimmy knew what was new, what nový. Věděl, co je nový, ale mít dlouhýho

- 11 -

was new but wouldn‟t be for long and what trvání, a taky, co nový bude. Jimmy měl singl was going to be new. Jimmy had Relax Buď v klidu dávno předtím, neţ kdokoliv before anyone had heard of Frankie Goes to slyšel o Frankie Goes to Hollywood a začal Hollywood and he‟d started slagging them je zatracovat dřív, neţ si lidi uvědomili, ţe months before anyone realized that they stojej za starou belu. Jimmy se v muzice were no good. Jimmy knew his music. vyznal. Outspan, Derek and Ray‟s group, And Kapela AAA, jejíţ členové byli Outspan, And And, was three days old; Ray on the Derek a Ray, byla tři dny stará; Ray hrál Casio and his little sister‟s glockenspiel, na klávesy Casio a xylofon mladší ségry, Outspan on his brother‟s acoustic guitar, Outspan na bráchovu akustickou kytaru a Derek on nothing yet but the bass guitar as Derek zatím na nic, ale basovku si pořídí soon as he‟d the money saved. hned, jak našetří nějaký prašule. – Will we tell Ray? Derek asked. – Řeknem to Rayovi? zeptal se Derek. – Abou‟ Jimmy? Outspan asked back. – Jako o Jimmym? odpověděl otázkou Outspan. – Yeah. – Jo. ––––– Better not. –––––– Radši ne. Outspan was trying to work his thumb in Outspan se snaţil palcem odstranit nálepku under a sticker, This Guitar Kills Fascists, s nápisem ,Tato kytara zabíjí fašisty„, kterou his brother, an awful hippy, had put on it. mu na ni nalepil brácha, ten otravnej hipík. – There‟s the flush, he said. – He‟s – Slyším, jak splachuje, řekl. – Uţ se vrací. comin‟ back. We‟ll see Jimmy later. Sejdem se s Jimmym pozdějc. They were in Derek‟s bedroom. Byli v Derekově pokoji. Ray came back in. Ray se vrátil. – I was thinkin‟ there, he said. – I think – Trochu sem tam přemýšlel, řekl. – maybe we should have an exclamation Myslím, ţe bysme moţná měli dát do jména mark, yeh know, after the second And in vykřičník za druhý A. the name. – Wha? – Co? – It‟d be And And exclamation mark, – Bylo by to AA vykřičník A, jasný? righ‟, And. It‟d look deadly on posters. Plakáty by vypadaly brutálně. Outspan said nothing while he imagined Outspan si je v duchu mlčky představil. it.

- 12 -

– What‟s an exclamation mark? said – Co je to vykřičník? nechápal Derek. Derek. – Yeh know, said Ray. – Ale to víš, přesvědčoval ho Ray. He drew a big one in the air. A namaloval velikánskej vykřičník do vzduchu. – Oh, yeah, said Derek. – An‟ where – Aha, pochopil Derek. – A kamţe d‟yeh want to put it again? ho chceš dát? – And And, – A A, He drew a big one in the air. Znovu namaloval vykřičník do vzduchu. – And. – A. – Is it not supposed to go at the end? – Neměl by ho spíš strčit na konec? – It should go up his arse, said Outspan, – Ať si ho strčí třeba do prdele, zabručel picking away at the sticker. Outspan a dál odlupoval nálepku. * * * * * * Jimmy was already there when Outspan Jimmy uţ čekal v hospodě, kdyţ tam and Derek got to the Pub. dorazili Outspan s Derekem. – How‟s it goin‟, said Jimmy. – Čau, pozdravil Jimmy. – Howyeh, Jim, said Outspan. – Zdarec, Jime, opáčil Outspan. – Howayeh, said Derek. – Čus, nezůstal pozadu Derek. They got stools and formed a little Postavili si stoličky u baru do půlkruhu. semicircle at the bar. – Been ridin‟ anythin‟ since I seen yis – Tak co, vojeli jste někoho od posledně? last? Jimmy asked them. zeptal se jich Jimmy. – No way, said Outspan. – We‟ve been – Ani náhodou, prohlásil Outspan. – much too busy for tha‟ sort o‟ thing. Isn‟t Nemáme na takový voloviny vůbec čas, no tha‟ right? ne? – Yeah, that‟s righ‟, said Derek. – Jo, to je fakt, souhlasil Derek. – Puttin‟ the finishin‟ touches to your – Pilovali ste album? provokoval je album? said Jimmy. Jimmy. – Puttin‟ finishin‟ touches to our name, – Pilovali sme jméno kapely, zamumlal said Outspan. Outspan. – Wha‟ are yis now? – A jak se teda menujete? – And And exclamation mark, righ‟? ––– – A A vykřičník, je to tak, ţe? –––– A,

- 13 -

– And, said Derek. ujišťoval se Derek. Jimmy grinned a sneer. Jimmy se ušklíbl. – Fuck, fuck, exclamation mark, me. I bet – Vyhul, vyhul, vykřičník, mě. Vsadím se, I know who thought of tha‟. ţe vím, kdo tohle vymyslel. – There‟ll be a little face on the dot, righ‟, – Na tečce bude obličejík, víš? vysvětloval Outspan explained. Outspan. – An‟ yeh know the line on the top of it? – A ta čárka nad tečkou bude jakoby ofina That‟s the dot‟s fringe. toho ksichtu. – Black an‟ whi‟e or colour? – Bude to černobílý nebo v barvě? – Don‟t know. – Nevíme. – It‟s been done before, Jimmy was – To uţ tady bylo. Jimmyho těšilo, ţe jim happy to tell them. – Ska. Madness, The můţe udělat přednášku. – Hudební ţánr ska. Specials. Little black an‟ whi‟e men. –––– Kapely Madness, Specials. Chlápci v I told yis, he hasn‟t a clue. černobílým. ––––– Říkám vám, ţe neví, co ţvaní. –––––– Yeah, said Outspan. ––––––– Asi ne, přitakal Outspan. – He owns the synth though, said Derek. – Ale má přece synťáky, namítl Derek. – Does he call tha‟ fuckin‟ yoke a synth? – Říká tomu bazmeku synťáky? zamrkal said Jimmy. překvapeně Jimmy. – Annyway, no one uses them anymore. – Dneska uţ je stejně nikdo nepouţívá. It‟s back to basics. Návrat ke kořenům, ten je teď in. – Just as well, said Outspan. – Cos we‟ve – Ještě ţe tak, oddechl si Outspan. – fuck all else. Protoţe my kurva nic jinýho nemáme. – Wha‟ tracks are yis doin‟? Jimmy – Jaký songy dáváte? ptal se Jimmy. asked. – Tha‟ one, Masters and Servants. – No tamto, Masters and Servants. – Depeche Mode? – Depeche Mode? – Yeah. – No jo. Outspan was embarrased. He didn‟t know Outspan se cítil trapně. Nevěděl proč. Ta why. He didn‟t mind the song. But Jimmy písnička mu nevadila, ale Jimmy se na něho has a face on him. jen nevěřícně podíval. – It‟s good, tha‟, said Derek. – The words – Vţdyť je dobrá, prohlásil Derek. – Slova are good, yeh know –––– good. jsou schopný, no prostě –––– schopný.

- 14 -

– It‟s just fuckin‟ art school stuff, said – Je to jen matroš z umělecký školy, řekl Jimmy. Jimmy. That was the killer argument, Outspan Tak přes tenhle argument nejel vlak. knew, although he didn‟t know what it Outspan to věděl, i kdyţ netušil, co znamená. meant. Derek did. Ale Derek byl v obraze. – Hang on, Jimmy, he said. – That‟s not – Moment, Jimmy, spustil. – Tohle není fair now. The Beatles went to art school. fér. Na uměleckou školu chodili i Beatlesáci. – That‟s different. – To je něco jinýho. – Me hole it is, said Derek. – An‟ Roxy – No jasně! A já sem tvoje babička, Music went to art school an‟ you have all rozhořčil se Derek. – A taky Roxy Music their albums, so yeh can fuck off with chodili na uměleckou a ty máš všechny jejich yourself. desky, takţe se můţeš jít vycpat. Jimmy was fighting back a redner. Jimmy se úporně snaţil, aby nezrudl poníţením. – I didn‟t mean it like tha‟, he said. – It‟s – Takhle jsem to nemyslel, vytáčel se. – not the fact tha‟ they went to fuckin‟ art To, ţe chodili do posraný umělecký školy, school that‟ wrong with them. It‟s – (Jimmy není blbý. Spíš – (Jimmy horkotěţko hledal was struggling.) – more to do with – (Now správný slova.) – spíš to má co dělat – (Teď he had something.) –––– the way their uţ něco měl.) –––– s tím, ţe jejich věci, stuff, their songs like, are aimed at gits like jejich songy, sou zaměřený na stejný kretény, themselves. Wankers with funny haircuts. jako sou voni sami. Vypatlaní vocasi, co maj An‟ rich das. –––– An‟ fuck all else to do směšný vlasy. A bohatý tatíky. –––– A celý all day „cept prickin‟ around with synths. dny nic jinýho na práci kromě poflakování se u synťáků. – Tha‟ sounds like me arse, said Outspan. – To by se jeden poblil, řekl Outspan. – Ale – But I‟m sure you‟re righ'. určitě máš recht. – Wha‟ else d‟yis do? – Co ještě dáváte? – Nothin‟ yet really, said Derek. – Ray – Uţ nic, fakt, řekl Derek. – Ray chce dělat wants to do tha‟ one, Louise. It‟s easy. tamtu, Louisu. Není těţká. – Human League? – Od Human League? – Yeah. – Jo. Jimmy pushed his eyebrows up and Jimmy obrátil oči v sloup a hvízdnul.

- 15 -

whistled. They agreed with him. Tak v tomhle byli zajedno. Jimmy spoke. – Why exactly –––– d‟yis Jimmy si vzal slovo. – Proč vlastně chcete want to be in a group? hrát v kapele? – Wha‟ d‟yeh mean? Outspan asked. – Proč se ptáš? zeptal se Outspan, i kdyţ tu He approved of Jimmy‟s question though. otázku schvaloval. Mířila na to, co ho It was getting to what was bothering him, znepokojovalo a Dereka pravděpodobně and probably Derek too. taky. – Why are yis doin‟ it, buyin‟ the gear, – Tak proč to děláte? Proč kupujete rehearsin‟? Why did yis form the group? vybavení? Proč zkoušíte? Proč zakládáte kapelu? – Well –––– – No ––––– – Money? – Chechtáky? – No, said Outspan. – I mean, it‟d be nice. – Ne, řekl Outspan. – Teda nebyly by But I‟m not in it for the money. marný, ale nedělám to pro prachy. – I amn‟t either, said Derek. – Já taky ne, přidal se Derek. – The chicks? – Buchty? – Jaysis, Jimmy! – Jeţiši, Jimmy! – The brassers, yeh know wha‟ I mean. – Štětule přece, však víte, co myslím. The gee. Is tha‟ why? Kundičky. Tak proto? –––– No, said Derek. ––––– Ne, odporoval Derek. – The odd ride now an‟ again would be – I kdyţ by bylo super si sem tam zašukat, alrigh‟ though wouldn‟t it? said Outspan. ne? poznamenal Outspan. – Ah yeah, said Derek. – But wha‟ – Jo, to jo, přitakal Derek. – Ale Jimmy se Jimmy‟s askin‟ is is tha‟ the reason we got ptá, jestli tohle je důvod, proč sme dali the group together. To get our hole. kapelu dohromady. Zasunout do díry. – No way, said Outspan. – Ani náhodou, řekl Outspan. – Yis want to be different, isn‟t tha‟ it? – Chcete se lišit, je to tak? Chcete se sebou Yis want to do somethin‟ with yourselves, něco udělat, ţe jo? isn‟t tha‟ it? – Sort of, said Outspan. – Tak něco, souhlasil Outspan. – Yis don‟t want to end up like (he – Nechcete skončit jako (pohodil hlavou nodded his head back) – these tossers here. dozadu) – tamti vykradení uboţáci. Nemám

- 16 -

Amn‟t I righ‟? pravdu? Jimmy was getting passionate now. The Jimmy se pěkně rozparádil. Kluci ho se lads enjoying watching him. zájmem pozorovali. – Yis want to get up there an‟ shout I‟m – Chceš přece vstát a zařvat: Já sem Outspan Outspan fuckin‟ Foster. Foster, do prdele. He looked at Derek. Koukl na Dereka. – An‟ I‟m Derek fuckin‟ Scully, an‟ I‟m – A já sem, do prdele, Derek Scully a not a tosser. Isn‟t that righ‟? That‟s why nejsem ţádnej uboţák. Je to tak? Tak proto to yis‟re doin‟ it. Amn‟t I righ‟? děláte? Mám recht? – I s‟pose yeh are, said Outspan. – Jo, asi máš, řekl Outspan. – Fuckin‟ sure I am. – To si kurva piš. – With the odd ride thrown in, said – Jo a taky kvůli příleţitostný šoustačce, Derek. připomněl Derek. They laughed. Rozesmáli se. Then Jimmy was back on his track again. A Jimmy byl zase na koni. – So if yis want to be different what‟re yis – Takţe kdyţ chcete vyniknout, nemůţete doin‟ doin‟ bad versions of other people‟s hrát špatný verze stupidních songů od jinejch poxy songs? lidí. That was it. He was right, bang on the To bylo ono. Měl pravdu, trefil hřebík nail. They were very impressed. So was na hlavičku. Jimmy je ohromil. A sebe taky. Jimmy. – Wha‟ should we be doin‟ then? Outspan – A co bysme teda měli hrát? zeptal se asked. Outspan. – It‟s not the other people‟s songs so – Ani tak nevadí, ţe hrajete songy jinejch, much, said Jimmy. – It‟s which ones yis do. zamyslel se Jimmy. – Záleţí na tom, který hrajete. – What‟s tha‟ mean? – Jak to myslíš? – Yeh don‟t choose the songs cos they‟re – Nevybíráte si songy, protoţe jsou lehký a easy. Because fuckin‟ Ray can play them protoţe je ten ichtyl Ray zahraje dvěma with two fingers. prstama. – Wha‟ then? Derek asked? – A jaký teda? chtěl vědět Derek. Jimmy ignored him. Jimmy ho ignoroval. – All tha‟ mushy shite abou‟ love an‟ – Dneska uţ neletí všechny ty přeslazený

- 17 -

fields an‟ meetin‟ mots in supermarkets an‟ hovadiny o lásce a o tom, jak se se svou McDonald‟s is gone, ou‟ the fuckin‟ kočkou scházíš v obchoďáku nebo mekáču. window. It‟s dishonest, said Jimmy. – It‟s To je dávná historie. A taky samej podraz, bourgeois. kázal Jimmy. – Je to burţoazní. – Fuckin‟ hell! – No, to mě poser! – Tha‟ shite‟s ou‟. Thank Jaysis. – Tyhle sračky jsou pryč. Díky bohu. – What‟s in then? Outspan asked him. – A co teda letí? zeptal se ho Outspan. – I‟ll tell yeh, said Jimmy. – Sex an‟ – To vám hned prozradím, řekl Jimmy. – politics. Sex a politika. – WHA‟? – CO? – Real sex. Not mushy I‟ll hold your hand – Skutečnej sex. Ne sentimentální kraviny till the end o‟ time stuff. –––– Ridin‟. typu ,budu tě drţet za ruku do skonání světa„. Fuckin‟. D‟yeh know wha‟ I mean? ––––– Šoustání. Šukání. Snad víte, o čem mluvím, ne? – I think so. – Asi jo. – Yeh couldn‟t say Fuckin‟ in a song, said – Nemůţeš mít v písničce slovo šukat, Derek. ohradil se Derek. – A ani kurva nemůţeš říct.

– Where does the fuckin‟ politics come – A jak tam dostaneme tu podělanou into it? Outspan asked. politiku? byl zvědavý Outspan. – Yeh‟d never get away with it. – To ti nikdy neprojde. – Real politics, said Jimmy. – Opravdickou politiku, trval na svém Jimmy. – Not in Ireland annyway, said Derek. – – V Irsku nikdy, prohlásil Derek. – Moţná Maybe England. But they‟d never let us on v Anglii. Ale do Top of the Pops nás stejně Top o‟ the Pops. nikdy nepozvou. – Who the fuck wants to be on Top o‟ the – Kurva, kdo by chtěl vystupovat v Top Pops? said Jimmy. of the Pops? vybuchl Jimmy. Jimmy always got genuinely angry Jimmy se pokaţdý váţně rozčílil, kdyţ whenever Top of the Pops was mentioned někdo zmínil hitparádu Top of the Pops. although he never missed it. Nikdy se však nezapomněl dívat. – I never heard anyone say it on The Tube – Ani jsem neslyšel, ţe by to někdo řekl either, said Derek. v Tube, poznamenal Derek. A to je větší vodvaz.

- 18 -

– I did, said Outspan. – Your man from – To já jo, řekl Outspan. – Jeden chlap, what‟s their name said it tha‟ time the mike z těch, jak se jenom menujou, to řek, kdyţ ho hit him on the head. mikrák trefil do palice. Derek seemed happier. Derek vypadal šťastnějc. Jimmy continued. He went back to sex. Jimmy vysvětloval dál. Znovu mluvil o sexu. – Believe me, he said. – Holdin‟ hands is – Věřte mně, řekl. – Drţení za ruce je ou‟. Lookin‟ at the moon, tha‟ sort o‟ shite. v tahu. Čumění na měsíc a jiný srance. It‟s the real thing now. Realita, ta teď frčí. He looked at Derek. Podíval se na Dereka. – Even in Ireland. –––––– Look, Frankie – Dokonce i v Irsku. –––––– Hele, Frankie Goes To me arse were shite, righ‟? Goes to Hulivůd stáli za hovno, ţe jo? They nodded. Přikývli. – But Jaysis, at the least they called a – Ale jeţiši, aspoň nazvali kuřbu kuřbou a blow job a blow job an‟ look at all the units koukejte, co vydali vinylů. they shifted? – The wha‟? – Čeho? – Records. – Desek. They drank. Napili se. Then Jimmy spoke. – Rock an‟ roll is all Pak Jimmy zase spustil. – Celej rokenrol je abou‟ ridin‟. That‟s wha‟ rock an‟ roll o šukání. Tohle rokenrol znamená. Věděli ste means. Did yis know tha‟? (They didn‟t.) – to? (Nevěděli.) – No, tak tomu kdysi říkali Yeah, that‟s wha‟ the blackies in America černoši v Americe. Takţe teď je ta pravá used to call it. So the time has come to put chvíle na návrat šoustačky do rokenrolu. the ridin‟ back into rock an‟ roll. Tongues, Jazyky, dírky, frndy, samotná klepačka. gooters, boxes, the works. The market‟s Výběr je širokej. huge. – Wha‟ abou‟ this politics? – A co ta politika? – Yeah, politics. –––– Not songs abou‟ – No jo, politika. –––– Ţádný songy

Fianna fuckin‟ Fail or annythin‟ like tha‟. o zkurvený republikánský armádě nebo něco Real politics. (They weren‟t with him.) – takovýho. Skutečná politika. (Nechytali se.) Where are yis from? (He answered the – Odkud ste? (Odpověděl si sám.) – question himself.) – Dublin. (He asked Z Dublinu. (Ptal se dál.) Z který části

- 19 -

another one.) – Wha‟ part o‟ Dublin? Dublinu? Z Barrytownu. Do který třídy Barrytown. Wha‟ class are yis? Workin‟ patříte? Dělnický. Ste na to pyšný? Jasně, ţe class. Are yis proud of it? Yeah, yis are. ste. (Pak následovala praktická otázka.) – (Then a practical question.) – Who buys the Kdo kupuje nejvíc desek? Dělnická třída. most records? The workin‟ class. Are yis Chápete? (Ne tak docela.) – Vaše hudba by with me? (Not really.) – Your music should měla bejt o tom, odkud pocházíte a jací ste. – be abou‟ where you‟re from an‟ the sort o‟ ––––– Tak jen to řekni, zařvi z plnejch plic, people yeh come from. –––––– Say it once, sem černej a hrdej na svůj lid. say it loud, I‟m black an‟ I‟m proud. They looked at him. Nechápavě se na něho podívali. – James Brown. Did yis know –––––– – James Brown. Znáte –––––– nevadí. On never mind. He sang tha‟. –––––– An‟ he to zpíval. –––––––A byla to fakt bomba. made a fuckin‟ bomb. They were stunned by what came next. To, co přišlo pak, je dorazilo. – The Irish are the niggers of Europe, – Iři sou negři Evropy, pánové. lads. They nearly gasped: it was so true. Skoro vyjekli překvapením: to byla velká pravda. – An‟ Dubliners are the niggers of – A Dubliňáci sou negři Irska. Lonťáci maj Ireland. The culchies have fuckin‟ kurva všechno. A ti ze severního Dublinu sou everythin‟. An‟ the northside Dubliners are negři Dublinu. –––––– Zařvi z plnejch plic, the niggers o‟ Dublin. –––––– Say it loud, sem černej a hrdej na svůj lid. I‟m black an‟ I‟m proud. He grinned. He‟d impressed himself Vítězoslavně se usmál. Zase ohromil sám again. sebe. He‟d won them. They couldn‟t say Měl je v hrsti. Na to se nedalo nic říct. anything. – Yis don‟t want to be called And And – Uţ se nechcete menovat AA vykřičník A, exclamation mark And, do yis? Jimmy co? otestoval je Jimmy. asked. – No way, said Outspan. – Ani náhodou, pospíšil si Outspan. – Will yeh manage us, Jimmy? said – Budeš náš manaţer, Jimmy? poprosil Derek. Derek.

- 20 -

– Yeah, said Jimmy. – I will. – Jo, odpověděl Jimmy. Jo, budu. They all smiled. Všichni se zakřenili. – Am I in charge? Jimmy asked them. – Takţe sem šéf? zeptal se jich Jimmy. – Yeah. – Jasně. – Righ‟ then, said Jimmy. – Ray isn‟t in – Tak fajn, prohlásil Jimmy. – Ray uţ není the group annymore. v kapele. This was a shock. To byl šok. – Why not? – Proč ne? – Well, first we don‟t need a synth. An‟ – Zaprvý nepotřebujem synťáky. A second, I don‟t like the cunt. zadruhý nemám toho kripla rád. They laughed. Zachechtali se. – I never have liked him. I fuckin‟ hate – Nikdy sem ho neměl rád. Abych byl him to be honest with yis. upřímnej, fakt ho nesnáším. –––––– I don‟t like him much meself, –––––– Já ho taky moc nemusím, připojil said Outspan. se Outspan. – He‟s gone so? – Takţe má padáka? He was gone. Měl padáka. – Wha‟ sort o‟stuff will we be doin‟? – A jakou muziku budem teda dělat? zeptal Derek asked. se Derek. – Wha‟ sort o‟music has sex an‟ politics? – Která muzika má v sobě sex i politiku? Jimmy asked. zkoušel je Jimmy. – Reggae, said Derek. – Reggae, odpověděl Derek. – No, not tha‟. – Ne, to dělat nebudem. – It does. – Ale má to v sobě. – Yeah, but we won‟t be doin‟ it. We‟ll – No tak má, ale dělat ho nebudem. leave the reggae to the skinheads an‟ the Necháme reggae skinheadům a huličům. spacers. – Wha‟ then? – A co teda? – Soul. – Soul. – Soul? – Soul? – Soul? – Soul? – Soul. Dublin soul. – Soul. Dublinskej soul. Outspan laughed. Dublin soul sounded Oustpan se zasmál. Dublinskej soul, to bylo

- 21 -

great. něco. – Another thing, said Jimmy. – Yis aren‟t – A další věc, řekl Jimmy. – Uţ se And And And annymore. nemenujete AAA. This was a relief. To byla úleva. – What are we Jimmy? – A jaký máme jméno, Jimmy? – The Commitments. – The Commitments. Outspan laughed again. Outspan se znovu zasmál. – That‟s a rapid name, said Derek. – To je senzační jméno, nadchl se Derek. – Good, old-fashioned THE, said Jimmy. – Starý, dobrý THE, podotkl Jimmy. – Dublin soul, said Outspan. – Dublinskej soul, řekl Outspan. He laughed again. Zase se zasmál. – Fuckin‟ deadly. – K posrání skvělý. * * * * * * The day after formation of The Den potom, co se dali The Commitments Commitments Jimmy sent an ad into the dohromady, Jimmy poslal do časopisu Hot Hot Press classifieds: Press inzerát: – Have you got soul? If yes, The World‟s – Máte soul v duši? Jestliţe ano, pak Hardest Working Band is looking for you. nejpracovitější kapela světa hledá právě vás. Contact J. Rabbitte, 118, Chestnut Ave., Kontaktujte J. Rabbitta, Kaštanová tř. 118, Dublin 21. Rednecks and southsiders need Dublin 21. Venkovští burani a snobi z jiţního not apply. Dublinu nejsou vítáni. * * * * * * There was a young guy who worked in the Ve stejným obchodě jako Jimmy makal jeden same shop as Jimmy. Declan Cuffe was his kluk. Jmenoval se Declan Cuffe. Vypadal name. He seemed like a right prick, na pěknýho vola, ale Jimmy ho zas tak dobře although Jimmy didn‟t know him that well. neznal. Slyšel ho zpívat vloni na vánočním Jimmy had heard him singing at the last večírku. I kdyţ zrovna venku zvracel, přesto year‟s Christmas Do. Jimmy had just been si Declanův hlas pamatoval. Pěkně hlubokej out puking but still remembered it, Declan chraplák, kterej cestou ven drásal hrdlo i Cuffe‟s voice, a real deep growl that jazyk. Jimmy by dal kdovíco za to, aby měl scraped against the throat and tongue on its takovej hlas. way out. Jimmy would have loved a voice like it.

- 22 -

Jimmy was going to see if he could Rozhodl se, ţe se pokusí Declana recruit Declan Cuffe. He took his tray and naverbovat. Vzal si podnos s jídlem a šel went over to where he was sitting. k místu, kde seděl. – Sorry, eh –––– Declan, said Jimmy. – Is – Soráč –––– Declane, začal Jimmy. – Sedí there annyone sittin‟here? tady někdo? Declan Cuffe leaned over the table and Declan se nahnul přes stůl a prostudoval studied the chair. ţidli. Then he said: – It doesn‟t look like it. Potom prohlásil: – Vypadá to, ţe ne. Normally Jimmy would have upended the Za normálních okolností by mu Jimmy tu slop on the tray over him (or at least would šlichtu z podnosu vyklopil na hlavu (nebo by have wanted to) but this was business. ho to určitě lákalo), ale tohle byl byznys. He sat down. Posadil se. – What‟s the soup like? he asked. – Jaká je polívka? zeptal se. – Cuntish. – Na zblití. – As usual, wha‟. – Jako vţdycky, co? There wasn‟t an answer. Jimmy tried a Nedočkal se odpovědi, tak to Jimmy zkusil different angle. jinak. – What‟s the curry like? – Jaký je kari? – Cuntish. – Na zblití. Jimmy changed tactics. Jimmy změnil taktiku. – I‟d say yeh did Honours English in – Tys, myslím, chodil do studijní třídy se school, did yeh? zaměřením na anglinu, co? Declan Cuffe stared across at Jimmy Declan Cuffe na Jimmyho upřeně zíral a while he sent his cigarette to the side of his přitom si vsunul cigaretu do koutku úst. mouth. – You startin‟ somethin‟? he said. – Chceš se porvat? zavrčel. The woman from the Information Desk at Ţenská z informací, co seděla u stolu the table beside them started talking louder. vedle, začala mluvit hlasitějc. – Ah, cop on, said Jimmy. – I was only – Ále buď v klidu, konejšil ho Jimmy. – messin‟. Jen sem tě pokoušel. He shoved the bowl away and slid the Odstrčil misku a přisunul si talíř blíţ k plate nearer to him. sobě. – You were righ‟ abou‟ the soup. – S tou polívkou měls pravdu.

- 23 -

He searched the chicken curry. Prozkoumával kuřecí kari. – Tell us an‟annyway. Are yeh in a group – Řekni. Nejseš teď náhodou v nějaký these days? kapele? – Am I wha‟? – Jestli nejsem kde? – In a group. – V kapele. – Doin‟ what? – A co bych tam jako dělal? – Singin‟. – Zpíval přece. – Me! Singin‟? Fuck off, will yeh. – Já a zpíval, jo? Běţ někam! – I heard yeh singin‟, said Jimmy. – You – Slyšel sem tě zpívat, řekl mu Jimmy. – were fuckin‟ great. Byls fakt boţí. – When did you hear me singin‟? – Kdys mě slyšel zpívat? – Christmas. – O vánocích. – Did I sing? At the dinner dance? – Zpíval jsem? Na tom večírku? – Yeah. – Jasně. – Fuck, said Declan Cuffe. – No one told – Do hajzlu, zaklel. – Nikdo mně to neřek. me. – You were deadly. – Byls bombastickej. – I was fuckin‟ locked, said Declan Cuffe. – Byl sem navátej jak pytel, řekl Declan – Rum an‟ blacks, yeh know. Cuffe. – Víš, chlastal sem guinness s rumem. Jimmy nodded. – I was locked meself. Jimmy chápavě přikývl. – Sám sem byl nadranej. – I must have had abou‟ twenty o‟ them. – Musel sem jich vyzunknout aspoň dvacet. Your woman, Frances, from the Toys, yeh Jedna baba z oddělení hraček, Frances, znáš know her? She was all over me. –––– Dirty ji? Jela po mně jak slepice po flusu. –––– bitch. She‟s fuckin‟ married. –––––– I sang Blbá kráva. Vţdyť je kurva vdaná. –––––– then? Takţe sem zpíval, jo? – Yeah. It was great. – Jo a bylo to super. – I was fuckin‟ locked. – Byl sem našrot. – D‟yeh want to be in a group? – Chtěl bys do kapely? – Singin‟? – Jako zpívat? – Yeah. – Jasně. – Are yeh serious? – Neděláš si prdel? – Yeah. – Jasně, ţe ne.

- 24 -

–––– Okay. –––––– Serious now? –––– Tak jo. –––––– Není to teda prdel? – Yeah. – Jasně, ţe není. – Okay. – Tak jo. * * * * * * The next night Jimmy brought Declan Další večer si Jimmy přivedl Declana Cuffea Cuffe (by now he was Deco) home from (teď si uţ si říkal Deco) z práce domů. Deco work with him. Deco had a big fry cooked si dal pořádnou porci masový směsi, co by Jimmy, five slices of bread, two cups of Jimmy připravil na pánvičce, pět krajíců tea, and he fell in love with Sharon, chleba, dva čaje a taky se stačil zamilovat Jimmy‟s sister, when she came in from do Jimmyho sestry Sharon, hned jak přišla work. z práce. – What age is Sharon? Deco asked – Kolik má Sharon roků? zeptal se Deco Jimmy. Jimmyho. They were up in Jimmy‟s bedroom. Deco Byli v Jimmyho pokoji. Deco leţel was lying on the bottom bunk. na spodní palandě. – You‟re wastin‟ your time. – Jen marníš čas. – What age is she? – Kolik má? – Twenty, said Jimmy. – But you‟re – Dvacet, odpověděl Jimmy. – Ale ztrácíš wastin‟ your time. čas. – I wonder would she fancy goin‟ out – Jen mě zajímá, jestli by nechtěla randit with a pop star. s popovou hvězdou. The door opened. It was the rest of the Otevřely se dveře. Vešel zbytek kapely, group, Outspan and Derek. They smiled Outspan a Derek. Uviděli Deca, jak se when they got in and saw Deco on the povaluje na posteli a začali se naculovat. bunk. Jimmy had told them about him. Jimmy jim o něm uţ vyprávěl. – That‟s Deco, said Jimmy. – Tohle je Deco, představil ho Jimmy. – Howyeh, said Outspan. – Čau, kývl na něj Outspan. – Howyeh, said Deco. – Zdarec, pozdravil Deco. – Pleased to meet yeh, Deco, said Derek. – Deco, rád tě poznávám, zahlaholil Derek. – Yeah, –––––– righ‟, said Deco. – Jo, –––––– bezva, řekl Deco. Deco got up and let Outspan and Derek Pak vstal a Outspan s Derekem si k němu sit beside him on the bunk. přisedli na postel. – How did Ray take the news? Jimmy – Jak vzal Ray tu novinu? zajímal se

- 25 -

asked. Jimmy. – Not too bad, said Derek. – Docela dobře, odpověděl Derek. – The cunt, said Jimmy. – Ten kripl zachcanej, řekl Jimmy. – He wasn‟t too happy with the eh, And – Stejně prej nebyl spokojenej s tamtím, no And And situation either. Or so he said. se situací kolem AAA. Nebo aspoň to tak říkal. – He‟s goin‟ solo. – Prej pojede sólo. – He doesn‟t have much of a fuckin‟ – Však uţ mu taky kurva nic jinýho choice. nezbejvá. They laughed. Deco too. Rozchechtali se. Deco se smál taky. – Righ‟ lads, said Jimmy. – Business. – Tak fajn, hoši, řekl Jimmy. – Deme na obchodní záleţitosti. He had his notebooks out. Vytáhl blok. – We have the guitar, bass, vocals, righ‟? – Máme kytaru, basu, vokály, je to tak, ne? We need drums, sax, trumpet, keyboards. I Ještě potřebujem bicí, saxík, trubku, klávesy. threw an ad into Hot Press. Yis owe me Hodil sem do časopisu inzerát. Dluţíte mně forty-five pence, each. kaţdej čtyřicet pět pencí. – Ah, here! – Tady máš. – I‟ll take American Express. –––––– – Beru visa kartu. –––––– Tak fajn. Now. D‟yis remember your man, Jimmy Pamatujete na jednoho kluka, Jimmyho Clifford? Clifforda? – Tha‟ fuckin‟ drip! – Toho poseru? – That‟s him, said Jimmy. – D‟yis –––– – Jo, to je on, přikývl Jimmy. – Tak pamatujete –––– – He was JAMES Clifford. – Menoval se JAMES Clifford. – Wha‟? – Coţe? – James. He was never Jimmy. What‟s – James. Nikdy Jimmy. Jak se jmenuješ? your name? James Clifford, sir. James Clifford, pane. – Righ‟, said Jimmy. – James Clifford – Fajn, připustil Jimmy. Tak teda James then. He –––– Clifford. On –––– – Tha‟ bollix ratted on us, d‟yis – Ta krysa na nás bonzovala, vzpomínáš, remember? said Derek. – When I stuck the připomněl mu Derek. – Jak jsem strčil compass up Tracie Quirk‟s hole. – They kruţítko do díry Tracie Quirkový. – Pozvali

- 26 -

had me da up. Me ma –––– si mýho taťku. Moje mamka –––– – Derek – – Dereku – – Wha‟? – Co? – Fuck up –––––– Annyway, said Jimmy, – Nech uţ toho –––––– Takţe, začal – his ma used to make him do piano Jimmy, – matka ho nutila chodit do klavíru, lessons, remember. He was deadly at it. I pamatujete? Hrál bombasticky. Potkal jsem met him on the DART yesterday –––– ho včera ve vlaku –––– – No way, Jimmy, said Outspan. – Ani náhodou, Jimmy, řekl Outspan. – No, hang on, listen. He told me he got – Ne fakt, moment, poslouchejte. Vyprávěl fucked ou‟ o‟ the folk mass choir. –––– mně, jak ho vyrazili z církevního sboru. –––– D‟yis know why? For playin‟ The Chicken A víte proč? Protoţe zahrál na varhany Ptačí Song on the organ. In the fuckin‟ church. song. V posraným kostele. – Jaysis. – Á jeţiš. They laughed. This didn‟t sound like the Řvali smíchy. Tohle nebyl ten James James Clifford they‟d known and hated. Clifford, kterýho znali a nemohli vystát. – Just before the mass, Jimmy continued. – Těsně před mší, pokračoval Jimmy. – – There were oul‟ ones an‟ oul‟ fellas Představte si, jak staříci procházej střední walkin‟ up the middle, yeh know. An‟ he uličkou a on začne hrát ten blbej Ptačí song. starts playin‟ The fuckin‟ Chicken Song. – He sounds okay, said Deco. – Mně se líbí, poznamenal Deco. No one disagreed with Deco. Nikdo nebyl proti. – I‟ll go round to his gaff an‟ ask him – Zejtra zajdu k němu do bejváku a zeptám tomorrow, will I? se ho, jo? Outspan and Derek looked at each other. Outspan a Derek se na sebe podívali. – Okay, said Outspan. – Tak dobře, souhlasil Outspan. – So long as he doesn‟t start rattin‟ on us – Pokud na nás nebude zas bonzovat, again, said Derek. – When we‟re all připomněl Derek. – Kdyţ si všichni budem getting‟ our hole. hlídat svou díru. – He‟ll be getting‟ his too sure, said – On si rozhodně bude hlídat tu svou, suše Outspan. konstatoval Outspan. – Oh, yeah, said Derek. – That‟s righ‟. – No, jo, rezignoval Derek. – To je fakt. – Does he still wear tha‟ jumper with the – Nosí ještě ten svetr s ovcema? sheep on it?

- 27 -

– They weren‟t sheep, said Derek. – They – To nebyly ovce, řekl Derek. – Byli to were deers. jeleni. – They were fuckin‟ sheep, said Outspan. – Byly to podělaný ovce, odsekl Outspan. – No, they weren‟t. –––– I should know. I – To teda nebyly. –––– A já to musím drew a moustache on one o‟ them. vědět, kdyţ sem jednomu namaloval knír. – Is he workin‟? Outspan asked. – Maká? chtěl vědět Outspan. – He‟s a student, said Jimmy. – Studuje, odpověděl Jimmy. – Oh, fuck. – Á do prdele. – He‟ll be grand, said Jimmy. – He‟ll – Bude v pohodě, prohlásil Jimmy. – Bude have plenty o‟ time to rehearse. –––––– mít spoustu času na zkoušení. –––––– Teď Hang on. moment. Jimmy put a record on the deck. He‟d Jimmy poloţil desku na otáčivej talíř brought the deck and the speakers up from gramofonu. Uţ předtím si ho i s repráky the front room. He turned to them again. přinesl z obyváku. A zas pokračoval. – D‟yis know James Brown, do yis? he – Znáte Jamese Browna, ţe jo? ujišťoval asked. se. – Was he in our class too? Outspan asked. – Nechodil s náma taky do třídy? zamyslel se Outspan. They laughed. Zatlemili se. – The singer, said Jimmy. – Blackie. He‟s – Toho zpěváka, vysvětloval Jimmy. – deadly. –––– Did yis see The Blues Černocha. Je bombastickej. –––– Viděli ste Brothers? film Bratři Bluesovi? Outspan and Derek had seen it. Deco Outspan a Derek ho viděli. Deco ne. hadn‟t. – I seen the Furey Brothers, said Deco. – Já jsem viděl bratry Fureyovi, řekl Deco. – Fuck off, said Jimmy. – D‟yis – S těma di někam, odpálil ho Jimmy. – remember the big woman singer in the Vzpomínáte na tu macatou zpěvačku v coffee place? (They did.) – Tha‟ was kavárně? (Vzpomněli si.) – Tak to byla Aretha Franklin. D‟yis remember the blind Aretha Franklin. Vzpomínáte na toho guy in the music shop? (– Yeah.) Tha‟ was slepýho chlápka v krámě s deskama? (– Ray Charles. D‟yis remember the preacher Jasně.) Ray Charles. Vzpomínáte na toho in the church? (– No.) – Well, th‟ was kazatele v kostele? (– Ne.) – No, tak to byl James –––––– No? (– No.) – In the red James Brown. –––––– Ne? (– Ne.)

- 28 -

cloak? –––––– The black fella? (– No.) – – V červeným plášti? –––––– Ten černej? Yeh have to. –––– Derek? (– Ne.) – Jak to?. –––– Dereku? – I don‟t remember tha‟ bit. – Tu scénu si nevybavuju. –––––– Well, tha‟ was James Brown, said –––––– No, prostě to byl James Brown, Jimmy. – Hang on –––––– Rocky IV. řekl Jimmy. – Moment –––––– Rocky IV. Livin‟ in America, remember? Tha‟ was Písnička Ţivot v Americe, vzpomínáte? Tak him. to byl on. – Tha‟ header! – Ten magor! – Yeah. – Jasně. – Tha‟ was a shite film, said Derek. – To byl debilní film, poznamenal Derek. – He was good but, said Jimmy. – On byl ale v pohodě, bránil ho Jimmy. – Ah, yeah. – No jasně. – Annyway, listen to this. It‟s called Get – Tak si teda poslechněte toto. Jmenuje se Up, I Feel Like Being a Sex Machine. to No tak uţ vstaň, jedu jak sexomat. – Hold on there, said Derek. – We can‟t – Počkej, zarazil ho Derek. – Tohle do tha‟. Me ma would fuckin‟ kill me. nemůţeme hrát. Mamka by mě kurva zabila. – What‟re yeh on abou‟? said Outspan. – Co to kecáš? usadil ho Outspan. – I Feel Like a fuckin‟ Sex Machine, – Zpívá přece, ţe jede jak sexomat, Derek explained. – She‟d break me fuckin‟ vysvětloval Derek. – Urvala by mně hlavu, head if I got up an‟ sang tha‟. do hajzlu, kdybych zpíval něco takovýho. – You won‟t be singin‟ it, son, said Deco. – Ty to zpívat nebudeš, synu, upozornil ho – I will. An‟ personally speakin‟, I don‟t Deco. – Já to zazpívám. A za sebe říkám, ţe give a fuck wha‟ MY ma thinks. –––––– mám u prdele, co si MOJE matka myslí. ––– Let‟s hear it, Jimmy. ––– Poslechnem si to, Jimmy. – We won‟t be doin‟ this one, Derek, said – Tuhle dělat nebudem, Dereku, řekl Jimmy. – I just want yis to hear it, yeh Jimmy. – Jen chci, abyste si to poslechli. know, just to get an idea, to get the feel o‟ Abyste si udělali představu, abyste pocítili the thing. –––––– It‟s called funk. náladu toho všeho. –––––– Říká se tomu funk. – Funk off, said Deco. – Vyfunkni si, snaţil se být vtipnej Deco. Outspan hit him. Outspan mu jednu vrazil. Jimmy let the needle down and sat on the Jimmy spustil jehlu a klekl si mezi back of his legs between the speakers. reproduktory.

- 29 -

– I‟m ready to get up and do my thang, – Jsem celej nadrţenej to tu pořádně said James Brown. rozbalit, svěřil se James Brown publiku. A chorus of men from the same part of Muţskej sbor ze stejnýho koutu světa, the world as James went: – YEAH. odkud je i James Brown zaburácel: – JEĎ. – I want to, James continued, – to get into – Víte, chci se do toho, pokračoval James it, you know. (– YEAH, said the lads in the Brown, – pěkně vopřít. (– JEĎ, podpořili ho studio with him.) – Like a, like a sex muzikanti ve studiu.) – Chlape, vţdyť jedu machine, man (– YEAH, YEAH, GO jak sexomat, (– JEN JEĎ, PARÁDNĚ JE AHEAD.) – movin‟, doin‟ it, you know. (– ODBOUREJ) – Vidíte, jak válím, jak se YEAH.) – Can I count it all? (– YEAH, svíjím? (– JEĎ.) – Tak můţu to teď YEAH, YEAH, went the lads.) – One Two odpočítat? (– JÓ JEN JEĎ, skandovali Three Four. muzikanti.) – Jedna, dva, tři, čtyři. Then the horns started, the same note Ozvaly se trumpety (– DA, DA, DA, DA, repeated (– DUH, DUH, DUH, DUH, DA, DA, DA) a sedmkrát zopakovaly tutéţ DUH, DUH, DUH) seven times and then notu. Pak spustil James Brown. Zpíval stejně, James Brown began to sing. He sang like jako mluvil. Měl silnej hlas, kterej jakoby he spoke, a great voice that he seemed to be musel drţet zkrátka, krotit ho. Tak byl holding back, hanging onto because it was nebezpečnej. Kluci (v Jimmyho pokoji) se dangerous. The lads (in Jimmy‟s bedroom) na sebe usmívali. To bylo přesně ono. smiled at each other. This was it. – GET UP AH, sang James. – NO TAK VSTAŇ, naléhal James. A guitar clicked, like a full stop. Cvakla kytara. Znělo to jako tečka za větou. – GET ON UP, someone else sang, no JENOM VSTAŇ, zazpíval někdo jinej mean voice either. s neméně pronikavým hlasem. Then the guitar again. A zase kytara. – GER RUP AH –––– – NO TAK VSTAŇ –––– Guitar. Kytara. – GET ON UP –––– – JENOM VSTAŇ –––– – STAY ON THE SCENE, sang James. – NEBUĎ SRAB, zpíval James. – GET ON UP –––– – JENOM VSTAŇ –––– James had the good lines. James měl vynikající slova. – LIKE A SEX MACHINE AH –––– – JEDU JAK SEXOMAT ––––

- 30 -

– GET ON UP –––– – NO TAK VSTAŇ –––– The lads bounced gently on the bunks. Kluci jemně bubnovali na palandy. – YOU GOT TO HAVE THE FEELING – TEN POCIT UŢ ZNÁŠ –– – SURE AS YOU‟RE BORN AH –––– LÍTÁŠ JAK PTÁK –––– RIGHT ON – JE TO TAK – RIGHT ON –––– JE TO TAK –––– GET UP AH, sang James. NO TAK VSTAŇ, zpíval James. – GET ON UP –––– – JENOM VSTAŇ –––– Then there was a piano break and at the Následující pauzu vyplnil klavír a na jejím end of it James went: – HUH. It was the konci James vypustil: – OCH. Nejlepší och, best Huh they‟d ever heard. Then the piano který kdy slyšeli. A pak se znovu vrátil went again. klavír. – GER RUP AH –––– – NO TAK VSTAŇ –––– – GET ON UP –––– – JENOM VSTAŇ –––– The guitar clicked away. Kytara si cvakala dál. And the bass was busy too, padding A basa taky nezahálela, udávala rytmus. along. You could actually make it out; Vlastně se z jejího zvuku daly vyvodit noty. notes. This worried Derek a bit. He‟d To Dereka mírně znepokojilo. Vybral si chosen the bass because he‟d thought there basovku, protoţe si myslel, ţe hrát na ni není was nothing to it. There was something to ţádný umění. Tahle basa byla ale něco. Měla this one. It was busier than all the other víc práce neţ ostatní nástroje. instruments. The song went on. The lads bounced and Song jel dál. Kluci bubnovali a zubili se. grinned. Deco concentrated. Deco se soustředil. – Bobby, James called. (Bobby must have – Bobby, zavolal James. (Bobby byl určitě been the man who kept singing GET ON ten chlápek, kterej pořád dokola zpíval UP.) – Bobby, said James. – Shall I take JENOM VSTAŇ.) – Bobby, křičel James. – them to the bridge? Mám zpívat dál? – Go ahead, said Bobby. – Jo, rozjeď to, řekl Bobby. – Take‟em all to the bridge. – Všichni si přejí, abych zpíval dál? – Take them to the bridge, said Bobby. – Jo, všichni, řekl Bobby. – Shall I take them to the bridge? James – Tak mám zpívat dál? nepřestával se asked. vyptávat James.

- 31 -

– YEAH, the lads in the studio, and – JEĎ, netrpělivě zahoukali muzikanti Outspan and Derek, answered. ve studiu a taky Outspan a Derekem. Then the guitar changed course a bit and Potom se kytara pustila trošku jiným stayed that way. James shouted and huh- směrem a v tom kurzu se drţela. James ještě huhhed a while longer and then it faded out. chvíli křičel a naříkal a potom všechno utichlo. Jimmy got up and lifted the needle. Jimmy vstal a zvedl jehlu. A roar arrived from downstairs. Z přízemí se k nim přivalil řev. – Turn down tha‟ fuckin‟ radio! – Vypni to zasraný rádio! – It‟s the stereo, Jimmy roared at the – To je gramofon, zahulákal Jimmy floor. na podlahu. – Don‟t get snotty with me, son. Just turn – Nebuď drzej, synu. Prostě to vypni. it down. The lads were in stitches laughing, Hoši se potichoučku váleli smíchy. quietly. – Stupid bollix, said Jimmy. – Wha‟ did – Ksindl blbej, ulevil si Jimmy. – Tak co yis think o‟ tha‟? tomu říkáte? – Brilliant. – Dokonalý. – Fuckin‟ brilliant. – K posrání dokonalý. – Play another one, said Outspan. – Pusť ještě jednu, ţadonil Outspan. – Okay, said Jimmy. – I think yis‟ll be – Fajn, řekl Jimmy. – Myslím, ţe budeme playin‟ this one. dělat tuhle. He put on Night Train for them. It was Pustil jim písničku Noční vlak. Byla ještě even more brilliant than Sex Machine. dokonalejší neţ Sexomat. – We‟ll change the words a bit to make it – Kapku pozměníme slova, jo, aby to znělo – more Dubliny, yeh know, Jimmy told víc po dublinsku, oznámil jim Jimmy. them. They were really excited now. Teď uţ byli v extázi. – Fuckin‟ deadly, said Derek. I‟m goin‟ to – Do prdele, to je boţí, rozplýval se Derek. get a lend o‟ the odds for the bass. Někde si na tu basu a další krámy půjčím. – Good man. – Hodnej. – I‟d better get a proper guitar, said – Já si radši seţenu pořádnou kytaru, Outspan. – An electric. prohlásil Outspan. – Elektrickou.

- 32 -

Jimmy played It‟s a Man‟s Man‟s World. Jimmy přehrál Tohle je chlapskej svět. – I‟m goin‟ to get a really good one, said – Koupím si nějakou kvalitní, snil dál Outspan. – Really fuckin‟ good. Outspan. – Fakt dost dobrou. – Let‟s go, said Jimmy. – Tak dem, zavelel Jimmy. They were off to the Pub. Chystali se do hospody. Deco stood up. Deco vstal. He growled: – ALL ABOARD –––– Zaburácel: – NASTUPOVAT –––– THE NIGHT TRAIN DO NOČNÍHO VLAKU On the way down the stairs they met Po cestě dolů po schodech potkali Sharon. Sharon coming up. – Howyeh, Gorgeous, said Deco. – Jak je, krasavice? poškádlil ji Deco. – Go an‟ shite, said Sharon. – Di se vysrat, odpálila ho Sharon. * * * * * * Jimmy spent twenty minutes looking at his Další čtvrtek se Jimmy dvacet minut kochal ad in Hot Press the next Thursday. He pohledem na inzerát v časopisu Hot Press. touched the print. (– J. Rabbitte.) He Dotýkal se tištěných slov. (– J. Rabbitte.) grinned. Samolibě se zakřenil. Others must have been looking at it too Určitě ho četli i jiní, protoţe kdyţ se vrátil because when he got home from work his z práce, matka ho informovala, ţe se na něho mother told him that two young fellas had vyptávali dva mladí kluci. been looking for him. – J. Rabbitte they said. – Říkali, ţe hledají J. Rabbitta. – That‟s me alrigh‟, said Jimmy. – To jsem já, potvrdil Jimmy. – Who d‟yeh think yeh are with your J.? – Na co si hraješ s tím J.? Jmenuješ se Your name‟s Jimmy. přece Jimmy. – It‟s for business reasons, ma, said – To je kvůli byznysu, mami, vysvětloval Jimmy. – J. sounds better. Yeh never heard Jimmy. J. vypadá líp. Nikdy jsem neslyšel, ţe of a millionaire bein‟ called Jimmy. by se nějakej milionář menoval Jimmy. * * * * * * Thing were motoring. Věci se daly do pohybu. James Clifford had said yes. Loads of James Clifford na nabídku kývl. Během people called looking for J. Rabbitte over víkendu byla po J. Rabbitovi pěkná sháňka. the weekend. Jimmy was interested in two Jimmyho zaujali dva maníci, oba dva

- 33 -

of them: a drummer, Billy Mooney from ze severodublinskýho předměstí: bubeník Raheny, and Dean Fay from Coolock who Billy Mooney z Raheny a Dean Fay had a saxophone but admitted that he was z Coolocku. Dean měl saxofon, ale přiznal, only learning how to Make It Talk. There ţe se teprv učí, jak ho přinutit zpívat. were more callers on Monday. Jimmy liked V pondělí přišli další zájemci. Jimmymu se none of them. He took phone numbers and ţádnej nezamlouval. Vzal si jejich telefonní threw them in the bin. čísla a rovnou je hodil do koše. He judged on one question: influences. Soudil je podle jedinýho kritéria: vlivu. – Who‟re your influences? – Kdo tě ovlivnil? – U2. – U2. – Simple Minds. – Simple Minds. – Led Zeppelin. – Led Zeppelin. – No one really. – Vlastně nikdo. They were the most common answers. To byly nejčastější odpovědi těch, co They failed. neprošli. – Jethro Tull an‟ Bachman Turner – Jethro Tull a Bachman Turner Overdrive. Overdrive. Jimmy shut the door on that one without Tomuhle zájemci Jimmy zabouchl dveře bothering to get the phone number. He před nosem. Ani se neobtěţoval vzít si jeho didn‟t even open the door to three of them. číslo. Třem kandidátům ani neotevřel. Stačilo A look out his parents‟ bedroom at them se na ně jen podívat z okna loţnice. was enough. – Who‟re your influences? he‟d asked – Kdo tě ovlivnil? zeptal se Billyho Billy Mooney. Mooneyho. – Your man, Animal from The Muppets. – Maňásek z Muppetsových, pan Zvíře. Dean Fay had said Clarence Clemons and Dean Fay jmenoval Clarence Clemonse a the guy from Madness. He didn‟t have the taky ještě chlápka ze skupiny Madness. sax long. His uncle had given it to him Nevlastnil saxík dlouho. Věnoval mu ho because he couldn‟t play it any more strejda, kterej uţ hrát nemohl, protoţe mu himself because one of his lungs had odešla jedna plíce. collapsed. Jimmy was up in his room on Tuesday V úterý večer byl Jimmy ve svým pokoji a night putting clean socks when Jimmy Sr., oblíkal si čistý ponoţky, kdyţ dovnitř vrazil

- 34 -

the da, came in. táta, Jimmy senior. – Come „ere, you, said Jimmy Sr. – Are – Poď sem, ty kluku, zavolal si ho Jimmy you sellin‟ drugs or somethin‟? senior. – Ty prodáváš drogy nebo co? – I AM NOT, said Jimmy. – NEPRODÁVÁM, ohradil se Jimmy. – Then why are all these cunts knockin‟ – Tak proč tady ty zkurvení hašišáci furt on the door? klepou na dveře? – I‟m auditionin‟. – Pořádám konkurz. – You‟re wha‟? – Coţe děláš? – Aud-ish-un-in. We‟re formin‟ a group. – Lidi cho-dí-na-kon-kurz. Dávám ––– A band. dohromady skupinu. ––– Kapelu. – You? – Ty? – Yeah. – Jasně. Jimmy Sr. laughed. Jimmy senior jedovatě procedil mezi zuby. – Dickie fuckin‟ Rock. – Ó bacha, velkej J. Bono Rabbitte. He started to leave and turned at the door. Uţ byl na odchodu, kdyţ se u dveří obrátil. – There‟s a little fucker on a scooter – Dole na tebe čeká nějakej zevl na skútru. lookin‟ for yeh downstairs. When Jimmy got down to the door he Kdyţ Jimmy dorazil ke dveřím, viděl, ţe saw that his da had been right. It was a little táta nelhal. Stál tam takovej prcek a opíral se fucker and he had a scooter, a wreck of a o skútr, pěknou rachotinu. yoke. He was leaning on it. – Yeah? said Jimmy. – Co je? vyhrkl Jimmy. – God bless you, Brother J. Rabbitte. In – Bůh ti ţehnej, bratře J. Rabbitte. Co se answer to your Hot Press query, yes, I have týče tvé otázky v Hot Pressu, ano, já mám got soul. soul v duši. – Wha‟? – Co to ţvaníš? – And I‟m not a redneck or a southsider. – A nejsem ani venkovský buran ani snob z jiţního Dublinu. – You‟re the same age as me fuckin‟ da! – Ale seš stejně starej jak můj fotr! – You may speak the truth, Brother – Tvá ústa asi mluví pravdu, bratře Rabbitte, but I‟m sixteen years younger Rabbitte, ale jsem o šestnáct let mladší than B.B. King. And six years younger than neţ B.B. King. A o šest let mladší neţ James James Brown. Brown.

- 35 -

– You‟ve heard o‟ James Brown – – Znáš Jamese Browna? – I jammed with the man. – Pěkně jsem si s ním zadţemoval. – FUCK OFF! – NEKECEJ! – Leicester Mecca, ‟72. Brother James – Klub Mecca v Leicesteru, rok 1972. Bratr called me on for Superbad. I couldn‟t give James mě povolal na turné. I přes úpornou it my best though because I had a bit of a snahu jsem tam ze sebe nevydal všechno, byl head cold. jsem krapet nachlazený. He patted the scooter. Pohladil svůj skútr. – I‟d ridden from Holyhead in the rain. I – Jel jsem tam z Holyheadu v dešti. Neměl didn‟t have a helmet. I didn‟t have jsem helmu. Vlastně jsem neměl nic. Jen anything. Just Gina. Ginu. – Who‟s she? – Co je to za ţenskou? – My trumpet. My mentor always advised – To je má trumpeta. Můj učitel mi vţdy me to imagine that the mouthpiece was a radil, abych si místo náustku představil woman‟s nipple. I chose Gina ţenskou bradavku. Vybral jsem Ginu Lollabrigida‟s. A fine woman. Lollobrigidu. Výjímečnou ţenu. He stared at Jimmy. There wasn‟t a trace Pozorně si Jimmyho prohlíţel, na tváři ani of grin on him. stopy po nějakým úšklebku. – I‟m sure you‟ve noticed already, – Zajisté jsi si povšimnul, bratře Rabbitte, Brother Rabbitte, it was wild advice ţe to byla značně revoluční rada. Kdyby totiţ because if it had been Gina Lollabrigida‟s ta bradavka skutečně patřila Gině nipple I‟d have been sucking it, not blowing Lollobrigidě, sál bych ji, nefoukal bych do into it. ní. Jimmy didn‟t know what was going on Jimmy nechápal, o čem ten chlap mluví. here. He tried to take control of the Snaţil se převzít nad rozhovorem kontrolu. interview. – What‟s your name, pal? – Jak se menuješ, kámo? – Joseph Fagan, said the man. – Joseph Fagan, řekl ten chlap. He was bald too, now that he‟d taken his Teď kdyţ si sundal helmu, bylo vidět, ţe helmet off. má holou hlavu. – Joey The Lips Fagan, he said. – Joey Pysk Fagan. – Eh ––––––– Come again? – Co ––––––– Jak ţe? – Joey The Lips Fagan. – Joey Pysk Fagan.

- 36 -

– An‟ I‟m Jimmy The Bollix Rabbitte. – A já sem Jimmy Sráč Rabbitte. – I earned my name for my horn playing, – Zaslouţil jsem si jméno díky hře Brother Rabbitte. How did you earn yours? na trubku, bratře Rabbitte. Jak jsi získal to svoje? Jimmy pointed a finger at him. Jimmy na něj namířil prstem. – Don‟t get snotty with me, son. – Nezahrávej si se mnou, synu. – I get snotty with no man. – Nikdy si s nikým nezahrávám. – Better bleedin‟ not. –––––– An‟ are – A děláš zatraceně dobře. –––––– Ty se YOU tryin‟ to tell me that yeh played with mě snaţíš přesvědčit, ţes hrál s Jamesem James Brown? Brownem? – Among others, Brother. – Kromě jiných, bratře. – Like? – Třeba? – Have we all night? ––––––––– – Máme na to celou noc? –––––––– Byli to Screaming Jay Hawkins, Big Joe Turner, uječený Jay Hawkins, velký Joe Turner, Martha Reeves, Sam Cooke, poor Sam, Martha Reeves, Sam Cooke, chudák Sam, Sinatra. –––––– Never again. The man is a Sinatra. –––––– S tím uţ nikdy více. Ten thug. –––– Otis Redding, Lord rest his chlap je gangster. –––– Otis Redding, Boţe sweet soul, Joe Tex, The Four Tops, Stevie dej klid jeho čisté duši, Joe Tex, Four Tops, Wonder, Little Stevie then. He was only Stevie Wonder, maličký Stevie. Tehdy mu eleven. A pup. –––––– More? bylo teprve sedm let. Štěně. –––––– Chceš slyšet víc jmen? – Yeah. – Jasně. – Let‟s see. –––––– Wilson Pickett, – Tak poslouchej. –––––– Wilson Pickett, Jackie Wilson, Sam an‟ Dave, Eddie Floyd, Jackie Wilson, Sam a Dave, Eddie Floyd, Booker T. and the MGs of course, Joe Tex. Booker T. a taky samozřejmě MGs, Joe Tex. – Yeh said him already. – Toho uţ menovals. – Twice. Em –––– an unusual one, Jimi – S tím jsem hrál dvakrát. Kdo dál –––– Hendrix. Although, to be honest with you, I neobyčejný Jimi Hendrix. Ačkoli abych byl don‟t think poor Jimi knew I was there. ––– upřímný, nemyslím, ţe by si chudák Jimi – Bobby Bland, Isaac Hayes, Al Green. všimnul, ţe tam jsem. –––– Bobby Bland, Isaac Hayes, Al Green. – You‟ve been fuckin‟ busy. – Měls fakt dost práce. – You speak the truth, Brother Rabbitte. – Tvá ústa mluví pravdu, bratře Rabbitte. A

- 37 -

And there‟s more. Blood, Sweat and Tears, bylo jich víc. Blood, Sweet and Tears, The Tremeloes. I know, I know, I have Tremeloes. Vím, vím, jiţ jsem učinil pokání. repented. –––– Peter Tosh, George Jones, –––– Peter Tosh, George Jones, Stranglers. The Stranglers. Nice enough dudes under Pod vším tím koţeným oblečením to byli the leather. I turned up for The Stones on moc příjemní chlapíci. Na turné se Stouny the wrong day. The day after. They were jsem se dostavil ve špatný den. O den gone. později. Uţ byli pryč. – Yeh stupid sap, yeh. – Smůla, co? – I know. –––– Will that do? –––– Oh – Já vím. –––– Stačí to uţ? –––– Jo, a ještě yeah, and The Beatles. Beatles. – The Beatles, said Jimmy. – Beatles, jo? zapochyboval Jimmy. – Money for jam, said Joey The Lips. – – Zaplatili mi za dţemovačku, vysvětloval ALL YOU NEED IS LOVE –––– DOO Joey Pysk. – VŠECHNU LÁSKU DÁM ––– DUH DOO DUH DOO. – DÚ DA DÚ DA DÚ. – Was tha‟ you? – Tos byl ty? – Indeed it was me, Brother. Five pounds, – Zajisté jsem to byl já, bratře. Pět liber. Na three and sixpence. A fair whack in those ty časy to byla pěkná sumička. –––– Nemohl days. –––– I couldn‟t stand Paul, couldn‟t jsem vystát Paula, i kdyţ jsem si ho chtěl take to him. I was up on the roof for Let It oblíbit. Při natáčení koncertu Let It Be, jsem Be. But I stayed well back. I‟m not very byl taky na střeše. Ale drţel jsem se od photogenic Brother. I take a shocking kamery dál. Nejsem moc fotogenický, bratře. photograph. Na fotkách vypadám jako strašák. By now Jimmy was believing Joey The Jimmy uţ teď Joeymu Pyskovi věřil. Lips. A question had to be asked. Musel mu však poloţit tuhle otázku. – Wha‟ do yeh want to join US for? – Proč se chceš přidat k NÁM? – I‟m tired of the road, said Joey The – Cestování mě uţ zmáhá, odpověděl Joey Lips. – I‟ve come home. And my mammy Pysk. – Vracím se domů. A maminka na tom isn‟t very well. taky není nejlépe. Jimmy knew he was being stupid, and Jimmy tušil, ţe další otázka je hloupá a ne cheeky, asking the next question but he zrovna zdvořilá, ale stejně se zeptal. asked it anyway. – Who‟re your influences? – Kdo tě ovlivnil? – I admit to no influences but my God my – Nemohu přiznat vliv nikoho jiného neţ

- 38 -

Lord, said Joey The Lips. – The Lord blows Boha, mého Pána, řekl Joey Pysk. – Bůh mi my trumpet. fouká na trubku. – Does he? said Jimmy. – Fakticky? zapochyboval Jimmy. – And the walls come tumbling down. – A hradby Jericha se hroutí. Joey The Lips explained: – I went on the Joey Pysk vysvětloval: – Asi tak před road nine, no ten maybe eleven years ago devíti, ne desíti, moţná i před jedenácti lety with a gospel outfit. The Alabama Angels, jsem byl na turné s gospelovou skupinou featuring Sister Julie Bob Mahony. They Andělé z Alabamy v čele se zpěvačkou brought me to God. I repented, I can tell sestrou Julií Mahonyovou. Přivedli mě you that for nothing, Brother Rabbitte. I k Bohu. Kál jsem se, to ti povím, bratře used to be one mother of a sinner. A terrible Rabbitte. Kdysi jsem býval hříšníkem. man. But the Lord‟s not a hard man, you Mizerou. Ale Pán, víš, není nelítostný tyran. know. He doesn‟t kick up at the odd drink Nevyvádí, kdyţ si příleţitostně přihneš nebo or a swear word now and again. Even a sem tam utrousíš nějaké to hrubší slůvko. A Sister, if you treat her with proper respect. ani svatá sestra, kdyţ ji budeš chovat v náleţité úctě. Jimmy had nothing to say yet. Joey the Jimmy zatím neměl co říct. Joey Pysk proto Lips carried on. pokračoval. – The Lord told me to come home. Ed – Pán mi vzkázal, abych se vrátil domů. Winchell, a Baptist reverend on Lennox Tedy prozradil mi to Ed Winchell, Avenue in Harlem, told me. But The Lord baptistický duchovní z Harlemu. Bůh mu told him to tell me. He said he was pošeptal, aby to pověděl mě. Vyprávěl, ţe watching something on TV about the kdyţ v televizi sledoval cosi o tom feuding Brothers in Northern Ireland and nekonečném nepřátelství mezi bratry The Lord told the Reverend Ed that the v Severním Irsku, Bůh mu vnukl myšlenku, Irish Brothers had no soul, that they needed ţe irští bratři nemají vůbec soulovou duši a some soul. And pretty fucking quick! Ed ţe ji nutně potřebují. A to kurva dost rychle! told me to go back to Ireland and blow A tak mi Ed řekl, ať se vrátím do Irska a some soul into the Irish Brothers. The napumpuji soul do duší irských bratrů. Prý Brothers wouldn‟t be shooting the asses off by si bratři navzájem neustřelovali zadnice, each other if they had soul. So said Ed. I‟m kdyby měli soul v duši. Tak pravil Ed. Já sám not a Baptist myself but I‟ve a lot of time baptista nejsem, ale pro reverenda Eda bych for the Reverend Ed. dal ruku do ohně.

- 39 -

Jimmy still had nothing to say. Jimmy pořád nic neříkal. – Am I in? Joey The Lips asked. – Jsem tedy v kapele? zeptal se Joey Pysk. – Fuck, yes, said Jimmy. – Fuckin‟ sure – Do hajzlu, jasně, ţe jo, vyhrkl Jimmy. – you‟re in. –––– Are yeh on the phone? Si piš, ţe seš. –––– Máš telefon? – Jesus on the mainline, said Joey The – Zavolej Jeţíšovi, odvětil Joey Pysk, – Lips, – tell him what you want. 463221. pověz mu, čeho ţádáš. 463221. Jimmy took it down. Jimmy si to zapsal. – I‟ll be in touch with yeh. Definitely. – Rozhodně se s tebou spojím. Určitě. The lads‟ll have to see –––– to meet yeh. Kluci tě musí potkat –––– poznat. Joey The Lips threw the leg over his Joey Pysk přehodil nohu přes skútr. Helma scooter. His helmet was back on. mu zas seděla na hlavě. – All God‟s chillun got wings, he said, – Všechny děti Pána mají křídla, and he took off out the gate, over the path zadeklamoval a odfrčel brankou na cestu a and down the road. pak dolů na silnici. Jimmy was delighted. He knew now that Jimmy měl radost. Bylo mu jasný, ţe se everything was going to be alright. The všechno vydaří. The Commitments budou. Commitments were going to be. They had Získali Joeyho Pyska. A ten měl dost soulu Joey The Lips Fagan. And that man had pro kaţdýho z nich. A měl taky Boha. enough soul for all of them. He had god too. * * * * * * The Commitments used the garage of Joey The Commitments se scházeli a zkoušeli The Lips‟ mother‟s house for meeting and v garáţi domu matky Joeya Pyska. Byl to rehearsing. The house was a big one on the velkej dům poblíţ Killesteru a garáţ byla Howth Road near Killester and the garage taky prostorná. was big too. When they all got there the first time Joey Kdyţ se tam sešli poprvé, Joey Pysk ji The Lips had it filled with chairs and rugs. dovybavil ţidlema a koberečkama. Jen tak They sat back while Joey The Lips counted nečinně posedávali, zatímco je Joey Pysk them for tea-bag purposes. počítal, aby věděl, kolik čajových pytlíků bude potřeba. – Strong tea, Brothers? he asked. – Dáte si silný čaj, bratři? zjišťoval. There wasn‟t an answer so he threw Nikdo mu neodpověděl, proto vhodil

- 40 -

fifteen bags into the pot. do konvice patnáct kousků. They were all there, their first time Byli tam všichni, poprvé takhle together. pohromadě. Jimmy Rabbitte; manager. Jimmy Rabbite; manaţer. Outspan Foster; guitar. Outspan Foster; kytara. Deco Cuffe; vocals. Deco Cuffe; zpěv. Derek Scully; bass. (He‟d bought one, Derek Scully; basová kytara. (Koupil ji fourth-hand – he thought it was second – ze čtvrtý ruky – myslel si však, ţe je ze druhý for ₤60. The amp and cabinet were ₤40 – za 60 liber. Zesilovač na ozvučení stál 40 extra and sounded it. He‟d made a deal with babek navíc. Derek se dohodl his ma. She‟d paid for the bass and gear and s mámou. Zatáhla basovku i vybavení a on he had to pay the video rental for the next musí celejch osmnáct měsíců cálovat eighteen months. There were no flies on pohledávky ve videopůjčovně. Derekova Derek‟s ma.) máma řešila problémy rychlostí blesku.) James Clifford; piano. James Clifford; klavír. Billy Mooney; drums. Billy Mooney; bicí. Dean Fay; sax. Dean Fay; saxofon. And Joey The Lips. A Joey Pysk. This was the first time they‟d seen Joey Tenkrát viděli kluci Joeyho Pyska poprvé a The Lips, and they weren‟t happy. He moc nadšení neprojevili. Vypadal jako jejich looked like a da, their da; small, bald, fat, tatík; malej, obtloustlej, plešatej tatík, kterej making tea. He was wearing slippers, vaří čaj. Na nohách měl měkkoučký, checked fluffy ones. One thing made him kostkovaný papuče. Ale něco na něm bylo different though. He was wearing a Jesse přece jenom jiný. Měl na sobě triko Jackson campaign T-shirt. s potiskem volební kampaně Jesseho Jacksona. – Is this the entire band here, Brother – Máme tu celou kapelu, bratře Rabbitte? Jimmy? Joey The Lips asked. zeptal se Joey Pysk. He was handing out mugs. Rozdával hrnky. – This is it, said Jimmy. – Máme, odvětil Jimmy. – And what have you been listening to? – – A co jste poslouchali? –––– Zmiňovali –– You said my man, James Brown, didn‟t jste Jamese Browna, ţe ano? you?

- 41 -

– Yeah, said Jimmy. – We‟ll be doin‟ – Jo, přikývl Jimmy. – Budem hrát Noční Night Train. vlak. – I like what I hear. –––– And? – Těší mě, co slyším. –––– A dále? – Eddie Floyd. Knock On Wood, yeh – Eddieho Floyda. Písničku Zaklepej to know. na dřevo, však ji znáš. – Ummm. – Fajn. – Percy Sledge, said Jimmy. – Percyho Sledge, pokračoval Jimmy. – When a Man Loves a Woman? – Zpíval Kdyţ muţ miluje ţenu? – Yeah. – Jasně. – Lovely. – Krása. – That‟s all so far really, said Jimmy. – A to bude zatím asi všechno, přiznal Jimmy. – A good start, said Joey The Lips. – I – Dobrý začátek, pochválil je Joey Pysk. – have some Jaffa Cakes here, Brothers. Soul Mám tady piškoty s pomerančovou náplní, food. bratři. Soulová krmě. When they heard that they started to Jakmile kluci tohle slyšeli, začali ho tolerate him. When he took out his trumpet tolerovat. Kdyţ vytáhl trubku a zahrál jim and played Moon River for them they loved skladbu Měsíční řeka, přímo si ho him. Jimmy had been annoying them, going zamilovali. Jimmy jim uţ lezl na nervy, jak on and on about this genius, but now they tohohle génia věčně opěvoval, ale teď uţ se knew. They were The Commitments. přesvědčili sami. Byli The Commitments. When they‟d finished congratulating Joey Kdyţ ovace oslavující výkon Joeyho Pyska The Lips (– Fair play to yeh, Mr Fagan. utichly (– Suprově válíte, pane Fagane. – Yeah, tha‟ was deadly. – Jo, bomba. – The name‟s Joey, Brothers.) Jimmy – Jmenuji se Joey, bratři.), Jimmy oznámil. made an announcement. – Dal jsem dohromady pár zpěvaček, který – I‟ve some backin‟ vocalists lined up. budou dělat křoví. – Who? – Koho? – Three young ones. – Tři mladý buchty. – Young ones. –––– Rapid! – Mladý? –––– Senza! – Are they foxy ladies, Jimmy? Joey The – Jsou to sexy kočky, Jimmy? chtěl vědět Lips asked. Joey Pysk. They all stared at him. Všichni ho pozorně sledovali.

- 42 -

– Fuckin‟ sure they are, said Jimmy. – Si pište, ţe jo, pyšnil se Jimmy. – Who are they? said Outspan. – Kdo to je? dychtil se Outspan. – Remember Tracie Quirk? – Pamatujete na Tracie Quirkovou? – She‟s fuckin‟ married! – Ta je přece, do prdele, vdaná! – Not her, said Jimmy. – Her sister. – Tu nemyslím, odfrkl Jimmy. – Její ségru. – Wha‟ one? Derek asked. – Kterou? ozval se Derek. – Imelda. – Imeldu. – Wha‟ one‟s she? Hang on –––––– Oh – Která to je? Moment –––––– Týjo, jeţiš, Jaysis, HER! Fuckin‟ great. TA! Tak tu ţeru. – Which one is it? said Outspan. – Tak která to je? nedočkavě vyzvídal Outspan. – You know her, said Derek. – Yeh – Vţdyť ji znáš, přesvědčoval ho Derek. – fuckin‟ do. Small with lovely tits. Yeh Kurva, ţe jo. Malá, skvělý kozy. Uţ víš? know. Black hair, long. Over her eyes. Černý vlasy, dlouhý. Padají jí do očí. – Her! – Jo, tahle! – She‟s fuckin‟ gorgeous, said Derek. – – Tak ta je kurva výstavní, rozplýval se Wha‟ age is she? Derek. Kolik jí asi je? – Eighteen. – Osmnáct. – She lives beside you, James. – Bydlí vedle tebe, Jamesi. – So I believe, said James. – Asi to tak je, netečně se ozval James. – Is she anny good at the oul‟ singin‟? – A umí soulově zpívat? – I haven‟t a clue, said Jimmy. – Co já vím? ohradil se Jimmy. – Who‟re the others? Deco asked. – Kdo jsou ty další? zeptal se Deco. – Two of her mates. – Její kamarádky. – That‟s very good management, Brother, – Tomu říkám kvalitní management, bratře, said Joey The Lips. – Will they be dressed pochválil ho Joey Pysk. – Budou mít černé in black? šaty? – Yeah –––– I –––– think so. – Jasně –––– myslím –––– myslím, ţe jo. – Good good. – Vynikající. The time flew in. Čas běţel jako o závod. Those Commitments still learning their Muzikanti z The Commitments, co se teprv instruments improved. The ones ready were učili nástroje zvládnout, se lepšili. Ti, kteří je patient. There was no group rehearsing. uţ ovládali, trpělivě vyčkávali. Kapela

- 43 -

Jimmy wouldn‟t allow it. They all had to be nezkoušela. Jimmy to nedovolil. Nejdřív ready first. museli všichni umět hrát. Derek‟s fingers were raw. He liked to Derek měl prsty samej puchejř. Rád dával wallop the strings. That was the way, strunám do těla, dokud se poraţeně nevzdaly. Jimmy said. Derek found out that you could Takhle to má bejt, spokojeně si mnul ruce get away with concentrating on one string. Jimmy. Derek zjistil, ţe mu projde, i kdyţ se You made up for the lack of variety by bude soustředit jen na jednu strunu. Tím, ţe thumping the string more often and by budete jednu strunu pouţívat častěji, taking your hand off the neck and putting it vykompenzujete jednotvárnost, a tím, ţe back a lot to make it look like you were pustíte krk basový kytary a pak ho zas involved in complicated work. He carried uchopíte, budete vypadat, jako ţe provádíte his bass low, Stranglers style, nearly down velmi komplikovanej úkon. Derek měl svou at his knees. He didn‟t have to bend his basovku zavěšenou proklatě nízko. Odkoukal arms. to od basáka ze Stranglers, visela mu téměř u kolen. Aspoň nemusel ohýbat paţe. Outspan improved too. There‟d be no Outspan se taky zlepšil. Jimmy říkal, ţe guitar solos, Jimmy said, and that suited v jejich produkci nebudou ţádný kytarový Outspan. Jimmy gave him Motown sóla, a to Outspanovi vyhovovalo. compilation to listen to. Chord changes Od Jimmyho dostal k poslouchání směsku were scarce. It was just a matter of making songů studia Motown. Akordy se měnily yourself loose enough to follow the rhythm. zřídkakdy. Museli jste se jen dostatečně uvolnit a dodrţovat rytmus. Outspan was very embarrased up in his Outspan se cítil děsně trapně, kdyţ se bedroom trying to strum along to the ve svým pokoji snaţil brnkat společně s hity Motown time. But once he stopped looking Motownu. Ale jakmile se na sebe přestal at himself in the mirror he loosened up. He dívat do zrcadla, nebyl uţ tak svázanej. chugged along with the records, especially Kytara mu šlapala přesně jak v nahrávkách, The Supremes. Under the energy it was zvláště těch od Supremes. Za celou tou simple. energií se skrývala jednoduchost. Then he started using the mirror again. Pak začal zase pouţívat zrcadlo. Byl He was thrilled. His plectrum hand danced. nadšenej. Ruka s trsátkem tančila Sometimes it was a blur. The hand looked po strunách. Někdy z ní byla vidět jen great. The arm hardly budged. The wrist rozmazaná šmouha. Ta ruka vypadala

- 44 -

was in charge. He held his guitar high senzačně. Paţe se ale sotva kdy hnula. against his chest. Všemu vládlo zápěstí. Kytaru měl posazenou pěkně vysoko na hrudi. He saved money when he could. He Šetřil peníze, kde mohl. Neměl práci, ale wasn‟t working but on Saturday mornings kaţdou sobotu ráno chodil v Barrytownu he went from door to door in Barrytown od jedněch dveří ke druhým a prodával selling the frozen chickens that his cousin mraţený kuřata, který jeho bratranec kaţdou always managed to rob from H. Williams páteční noc ukradl v místním diskontu. Mohl on Friday nights. That gave him at least a si proto kaţdej tejden odloţit deset babek. A tenner a week to put away. As well as that, nejen to. Taky pomáhal panu Hurleymu, he gave the man next door, Mr Hurley, a kterej bydlel vedle, kšeftovat hand with his video business. This involved s videokazetama. Musel jich schovávat asi keeping about two hundred tapes under his dvě stě pod postelí, několikrát tejdně pár bed and driving around the estate with Mr hodin objíţdět sídliště s panem Hurleym a Hurley for a few hours a couple of times a předávat kazety, zatímco pan Hurley week, handing out the tapes while Mr kasíroval. Pak najednou, z čista jasna mu Hurley took in the money. Then, out of the máma dala většinu peněz z přídavku na dítě blue, his ma gave him most of the month‟s za poslední měsíc. Rozplakal se. mickey money. He cried. He had ₤145 now. That got him a third- Teď měl 145 liber. Mohl si pořídit kytaru hand electric guitar (the make long ze třetí ruky (co to bylo za značku, uţ dávno forgotten) and a bad amp and cabinet. After nikdo nevěděl) a ne moc kvalitní zesilovač i that they couldn‟t get him away from the s bednou. Potom uţ ho od zrcadla nemohli mirror. odtrhnout. Deco‟s mother worried about him. He‟d Decova matka si dělala starosti. Deco snědl be eating his breakfast and then he‟d yell snídani, a pak ječel něco jako ,cítím se fajn„ something like Good God Y‟Awl or Take It nebo ,vem mě dolů k řece„. Deco dodrţoval To The Bridge Now. Deco was on a strict přísnou soulovou dietu: dával si Jamese soul diet: James Brown, Otis Redding, Browna, Otise Reddinga, Smokeyho Smokey Robinson and Marvin Gaye. James Robinsona a Marvina Gaye. Jamese kvůli for the growls, Otis for the moans, Smokey chraplání, Otise kvůli sténání, Smokeyho for the whines and Marvin for the whole lot kvůli kvílení a Marvina kvůli pospojování put together, Jimmy said. toho všeho. Tak to aspoň říkal Jimmy.

- 45 -

Deco sang, shouted, growled, moaned, Deco si pouštěl kazety, co dostal whined along to the tapes Jimmy had given od Jimmyho. S nima zpíval, řval, chraplal, him. He bollixed his throat every night. It sténal, kvílel. Prznil si hlasivky kaţdou noc. felt like it was being cut from the inside by Kdyţ se dostával na konec písničky Stopy the time he got to the end of Tracks of My mých slz, měl pocit, jako by mu je někdo Tears. He liked I Heard It through the vyrval ven. Líbila se mu nahrávka Vinná Grapevine because the women singing I réva šepotá, protoţe měl šanci si na chviličku HEARD IT THROUGH THE svlaţit palčivý hrdlo během chvíle, kdy tam GRAPEVINE NOT MUCH LONGER ty ţenský zpívaly VINNÁ RÉVA ŠEPOTÁ, WOULD YOU BE MY BABY gave him a JEN KRÁTCE BUDU TVÁ. short chance to wet the stinging in his Po napodobování Marvina Gaye ho pokaţdé throat. Copying Marvin Gaye meant rozbolelo v krku, coţ ho neskutečně making his throat sore and then rubbing it vytáčelo. in. He kept going though. He was getting Přesto nepolevoval. Lepšil se. Všechno better. It was getting easier. He could feel bylo najednou snaţší. Vnímal, ţe má hrdlo his throat stretching. It was staying wet elastičtější. Nevysychalo tak brzy. Dostával longer. He was getting air from further vzduch mnohem hloubějc. Kdyţ si down. He put on Otis Redding and sang My potřeboval odpočinout, pustil si a zazpíval Girl with him when he needed a rest. He Mou dívku od Otise Reddinga. Kaţdou sérii finished every session with James Brown. končil Jamesem Brownem. Pak leţel Then he‟d lie on the bed till the snot na posteli, dokud mu nepřestal téct sopel. stopped running. He couldn‟t close his eyes Nemohl ani zavřít oči, protoţe by se mu because he‟d spin. Deco was taking this točila hlava. Deco bral zpívání a všechno thing very seriously. kolem velmi váţně. All his rehearsing was done standing up Vţdycky zkoušel vestoje a před zrcadlem. in front of the wardrobe mirror. He was to Při zpívání se měl na sebe dívat. To si přál look at himself singing, Jimmy said. He Jimmy. Měl předstírat, ţe drţí mikrofon. was to pretend he had a microphone. At Nejprve i poskakoval kolem dokola, ale bylo first he jumped around but it was too to šíleně vyčerpávající a děsilo to matku. knackering and it frightened his mother. Jimmy mu přehrál krátký video, kde James Jimmy showed him a short video of James Brown zpíval Táta si sehnal funglnovou Brown doing Papa‟s Got a Brand New Bag. kabelu. Na koberci mu Jamesův skluz

- 46 -

He couldn‟t copy James‟ one-footed shuffle na jedný noze nešel, tak si ho zkoušel na on the bedroom carpet so he practiced on linoleu v kuchyni, kdyţ uţ všichni spali. the lino in the kitchen when everyone had gone to bed. He saw the way James Brown dropped to Viděl, jak James Brown padl na kolena. Ne his knees. He didn‟t hitch his trousers and ţe by si povytáhl gatě a klekl. Prostě padl. kneel. He dropped. Deco tried it. He Deco se o to také pokusil. Zavyl KDYŢ growled SOMETIMES I FEEL GOOD I POCÍTÍM SEDMÉ NEBE, TAK BYCH WANNA JUMP BACK AND KISS LÍBAL I SÁM SEBE, namířil kolena k zemi MYSELF, aimed his knees at the floor and a pustil tělo za nima. followed them there. He didn‟t get up again for a while. He Chvíli trvalo, neţ se znovu postavil. thought he‟d knee-capped himself. Jimmy Myslel, ţe si rozdrtil kolena. Jimmy mu told him that James Brown‟s trousers were vyprávěl, ţe kdyţ James Brown odcházel often soaked in blood when he came off- z jeviště, měl kalhoty nasáklý krví. Kdyby se stage. Deco was fucked if his would be. to stalo Decovi, pěkně by ho to nakrklo. There was nothing you could teach James Nebylo nic, co byste ještě mohli naučit Clifford about playing the piano. Jimmy Jamesa Clifforda o hraní na klavír. Jimmy had him listening to Little Richard. He got chtěl, aby poslouchal Little Richarda. Donutil James to thump the keys with his elbows, Jamese bušit do kláves loktama, pěstma i fists, heels. James was a third-year medical patama. Jelikoţ James dělal třetí ročník student so he was able to tell Jimmy the medicíny, byl schopnej Jimmymu říct exact, right word for whatever part of his přesnej, korektní termín jakékoli část těla, body he was hitting the piano with. He was kterou do klavíru mlátil. Uměl taky vysvělit, able to explain the damage he was doing to jak moc si tím ubliţuje a proto si chtěl aspoň himself. He drew the line at the forehead. zachránit hlavu. Jimmy ho nemohl Jimmy couldn‟t persuade him to give the přesvědčit, aby taky sem tam klavíru uštědřil piano the odd smack with his forehead. nějakej ten úder čelem. Bylo aţ příliš mnoho There was too much at stake there. Besides, v sázce. A kromě toho, nosil brejle. he wore glasses. Joey The Lips helped Dean Fay. Joey Pysk pomáhal Deanovi Fayovi. – My man, that reed there is a nice lady‟s – Chlapče, tenhle jazýček je bradavka nipple. nějaké půvabné dámy.

- 47 -

For days Dean blushed when he wet the Dlouhou dobu se Dean začervenal pokaţdé, reed and let his lips close on it. kdyţ olízl jazýček saxíku a přitiskl na něho rty. – Make it a particular lady, someone real. – Představ si konkrétní dámu, někoho skutečného. Dean chose a young one from across the Deanova vyvolená byla holčina, která road. She was in the same class as his bydlela přes ulici. Bylo to třeťačka a chodila brother, third year, and she was always do stejné třídy jako Deanův bratr. Půjčovala coming over to borrow his books or scab si u nich učebnice nebo opisovala úkoly. his homework. It didn‟t work though. Dean Tohle ale nefungovalo. Dean se přes to couldn‟t go through with it. She was too nemohl přenést. Byla aţ moc skutečná. real. So the saxophone reed became one of Takţe se jazýček změnil v Madonninu Madonna‟s nipples and Dean‟s playing bradavku a Deanovo hraní se začalo někam began to get somewhere. ubírat. Joey The Lips was a terrific teacher, very Joey Pysk byl báječnej učitel. patient. He had to be. Even Joey The Lips‟ Veletrpělivej. Určitě byl, protoţe i jeho mother, who was completely deaf, could matka, která byla jinak totálně hluchá, sense Dean‟s playing from the other side of vnímala Deanovo hraní, který se linulo the house. z druhýho konce domu. After three weeks he could go three notes Po třech tejdnech zahrál tři noty bez without stopping and he could hold short nádechu a udrţel i krátký noty. Ty dlouhý se notes. Long ones went all over the place. mu potulovaly všude moţně. Joey Pysk hrál Joey The Lips played alongside him, like a spolu s ním, jako instruktor autoškoly. Zařval driving instructor. He only shouted once jen jednou. Byl to výkřik plnej opravdovýho and that was really a cry of fright and pain zděšení a bolesti. Dean do něj totiţ nacouval, caused by Dean backing into him while kdyţ měl trubku ještě u huby. Joey The Lips still had his trumpet in his mouth. Billy Mooney blammed away at his Billy Mooney mlátil do bubnů jak smyslů drums. His father was dead and his brothers zbavenej. Otec byl mrtvej a bratři mnohem were much younger than him so there was mladší, takţe v domě nebyl nikdo, kdo by mu no one in the house to tell him to shut the nakázal, aby s tím kurva přestal. fuck up.

- 48 -

Jimmy told him not to bother too much Jimmy mu poradil, aby se moc with cymbals and to use the butts of the nezalamoval s činelama a pouţíval konce sticks as well as the tips. What he was after paliček stejně jako špičky. Šlo o vyrovnanej, was a steady, uncomplicated beat: – a nekomplikovanej rytmus: – dusající thumping back-beat, Jimmy called it. That backbeat, jak to nazval Jimmy. To Billymu suited Billy. He‟d have been happy with a vyhovovalo. Byl by spokojenej, i kdyby měl bin lid and a hammer. And that was what he jen víko od popelnice a kladivo. A ty taky used when he played along to Dancing in vyuţíval, kdyţ doprovázel song Tanec the Streets. Not a bin lid exactly; a tin tray, v ulicích. Nebylo to přímo víko od popelnice; with a racehorse on it. The horse was worn měl jen cínovej podnos, na kterým byl off after two days. namalovanej dostihovej kůň. Po dvou dnech se uţ kůň úplně ošoupal. The three backing vocalists, The Tři doprovodný zpěvačky, The Commitmentettes, listened to the Supremes, Commitmentettes, poslouchaly kapely jako Martha and the Vandellas, The Ronettes, Supremes, Martha and Vandellas, Ronettes, The Crystals and The Shangri-las. The Crystals a Shangri-las. The Commitmentettes Commitmentettes were Imelda Quirk and tvořily Imelda Quirková a její kamarádky her friends Natalie Murphy and Bernie Natalie Murphyová a Bernie McLoughlin. McLoughlinová. – How yis move, yeh know –––––– is – Víte, to, jak se hejbete, –––––– je more important than how yis sing, Jimmy důleţitější, neţ to, jak zpíváte, poučoval je told them. Jimmy. – You‟re a dirty bastard, you are. – Seš pěknej sprosťák. To teda seš. Imelda, Natalie and Bernie could sing Imelda, Natalie a Bernie ale uměly zpívat. though. They‟d been in the folk mass choir Během školních let chodily do kostelního when they were in school but that, they sboru, coţ, jak teď uţ poznaly, nebylo ţádný knew now, hadn‟t really been singing. zpívání. Jimmy jim prozradil, ţe skutečná Jimmy said that real music was sex. They hudba je sex. Nejdřív mu řekly, ţe je called him a dirty bastard but they were úchylák, ale pak mu začaly dávat za pravdu. starting to agree with him. And there wasn‟t V církevních chorálech Můj králi, má spáso much sex in Morning Has Broken or The nebo Hospodin je můj pastýř moc sexu Lord is my Shepherd. nebylo. Now they were singing along to Stop in Teď doprovázely zpěvem nahrávky Stůj

- 49 -

the Name of Love and Walking in the Rain ve jménu lásky nebo Procházka v dešti a moc and they were enjoying it. se jim to líbilo. Joined together their voices sounded Myslely si, ţe jejich hlasy zní dohromady good, they thought. Jimmy taped them. dobře. Jimmy je nahrál. Studem úplně They were scarlet. They sounded terrible. zfialověly. Nedalo se to poslouchat. – Yis‟re usin‟ your noses instead of your – Zpíváte nosem místo pusou, vysvětloval mouths, said Jimmy. Jimmy. – Fuck off slaggin‟, said Imelda. – Vyhoň si, odpálila ho Imelda. – Yis are, I‟m tellin‟ yeh. An‟ yis – Fakt to tak děláte, já nekecám. A taky shouldn‟t be usin‟ your ordin‟y accents byste neměly zpívat s přízvukem. Je tam either. It‟s Walking in the Rain, not Procházka v dešti, ne Prochazkovojdešťu. Walkin‟ In De Rayen. – Snobby! – To je tak snobácký! They taped themselves and listened. They Nahrávaly se a pak se poslouchaly. got better, clearer, sweeter. Natalie could Postupem času byly lepší, čistší a sladší. roar and squeal too. They took down the Natalie uměla řvát a taky vřískat. Napsaly si words and sang by themselves without the slova a zpívaly si je bez doprovodu nahrávek. records. They only did this though when Ale jen kdyţ měla některá z nich volnej dům. one of them had a free house. They moved together, looking down, Pohupovaly se společně, hlavy sklopený, making sure their feet were going the right aby se ujistily, ţe se hejbou správným way. Soon they didn‟t have to look down. směrem. Brzy se uţ nemusely dívat dolů. They wiggled their arses at the dressing- Vrtěly zadkama před zrcadlem toaletního table mirror and burst out laughing. But stolku a často vybuchly smíchy. Ale nedaly they kept doing it. se odradit, jely dál. * * * * * *

- 50 -

5. THEORETICAL PART

Process of Translation

While translating the extract of the novel, which was a slow and uneasy process, I tried to follow certain rules that a Czech literary and translation theoretician Jiří Levý finds necessary in order to produce the translation closely similar to a „piece of art‟. In his monograph Umění překladu he (9) claims that the process of translation embraces three fundamental steps which a translator has to climb. Ideally, the translator is to understand, interpret and rewrite the original text.

The author of several publications on the theory of translation, Dagmar Knittlová (2000: 21, transl. by Z.P.), supports Levý‟s statement saying this:

It is covetable that the process of translation be phased. In the first place the translator should make a strategic decision which integrates the original text into a certain framework. He/she should study cultural backround, historical and local insertion, literary allusions, realia, an author‟s relationship to a topic and also audience, a nature of audience and text, and a function of the text. Only then can he/she proceed to more detailed decisions regarding the choise of grammar structures or lexical content so that he/she can create the definite translated text.

5.1.1. Understanding

Levý (1963: 10) informs that understanding the original is not only the question of knowledge of a source language including idiomatic or colloquial phrases. He finds essential that the translator be a good reader because accurate reading helps other readers who face the product of the translation process to feel the mood of the original work and comprehend “reality expressed in it, such as the characters and relations among them, setting and the author‟s ideological intension.” (Levý 1963: 11, transl. by Z.P.).

Although I had read The Commitments several times, it was inevitable to refresh my memory and bring the characters back to life. Moreover Levý (11) recommends the translator to be very sensitive, read between lines and notice unique qualities of characters as well as pay attention to historical, political, cultural and social peculiarities in order to create a translation that accords with the original not only in lexical but also connotative meaning.

- 51 -

Peter Newmark, an English professor and translation specialist, (1991: 62) notifies something similar in his work About Translation writing this:

The traslator has to be conversant with and responsible for the topic, the referential meaning of the text: he or she has to check figures, facts, places, proper names. The translator‟s first responsibility is to the truth, to the facts of the matter. Further the translator has a responsibility to the principles of human rights – in this sense, the translator is neither objective nor anonymous.

To accomplish Levý‟s and Newmark‟s requirements I commenced a research that consumed a considerable number of hours searching the Internet so that I could gain some useful information from trustworthy sources. Especially, I tried to trace references to literary works engaged in issues with which being familiar is indispensable; otherwise there is a danger of misinterpretation of the original. Hence the research was aimed at conditions that formed the characters‟ personalities (e.g. the economic situation in the Republic of Ireland and its capital Dublin in the 1980s, the state of the characters‟ native Northside Dublin), the author‟s biography, works and style, the language the characters speak and last but not the least at soul music. To tell the truth, the web pages devoted to these concerns did not offer a great amount of data, yet they provided enough to put me in the picture. Some of the findings are employed in the introduction of the thesis, more accurately in the sections reserved to Roddy Doyle and his book.

5.1.2. Interpretation

Levý (1963: 31) thinks that the product of translation process is a miscellaneous unit where two distinct worlds coexist. One of them, the content of the text, is depended on foreign setting and the other, the language, is Czech. The understanding of the original or the reconstruction of reality, as Levý (11) calls it, “requires imagination and well thought out interpretation of the text.” (Levý 1963: 11-12, transl. by Z.P.).

5.1.2.1.Language

The official language of The Commitments is a Northside dialect marked by a high frequency of swearing, usually referred to as Dublinese. It was one of the crucial issues to which I had to

- 52 -

aim my attention in particular. Roddy Doyle himself considers his characters‟ authentic speech important saying (White 181-182) this:

I‟ve always wanted to bring the books down closer and closer to the characters – to get myself, the narrator, out of it as much as I can. And one of the ways to do this is to use the language that the characters actually speak, to use the vernacular, and not ignoring the grammar, the formality of it, to bend it, to twist it, so you get a sense that you are hearing it, not reading it; that you are listening to the characters.

Basically, the rudiments of my strategy how to cope with the text arose from the first reading. My mind was deliberating about the kind of language I was going to use. In any case it was clear to me that standard Czech is for the text which swarmed with slang expressions completely inappropriate. Therefore I was dallying with an idea to translate the text by means of Brno slang. Finally, I doubted whether I would be able to provide the overall text written in accurate Brno slang even though being a native Brno citizen. Besides I impugned acceptability of the slang for readers from other regions of the Czech Republic. Thus, I decided to create a text where non-standard forms of everyday language known as „Colloquial Czech‟ blend with Brno slang expressions which substitute distinctive Irish slang phrases so as to reach exceptionality similar to the original. I made all the characters including the narrator speak this informal and familiar language with an exception of the character Joey The Lips Fagan who usually speaks standard English, formal and polite, marked with the usage of archaic phrases (e.g. You may speak the truth.), formal addressing (e.g. brothers) and practically no contracted forms. That is why Joey uses standard Czech with a bit odd choice of vocabulary in the translation.

5.1.2.2.Personal and Geographical Names

The reading also detected passages that were going to desire careful handling and brought some food for thought. Will foreign personal names sound disruptive, especially in declined forms? How does the Czech reader manage English names of the songs? What shall I do with the lyrics? To translate or not to translate? These were the most frequent questions that were constantly on my mind. I believe that every translator confronts similar difficulties that emerge when a foreign “setting collides with a specifically Czech expression.” (Levý 31). About cases such as these Levý (1963: 31, transl. Z.P.) notes that, “even absolutely brilliant

- 53 -

solution of the translator is a compromise which cannot disguise incongruousness of the translation.”

At first I came up to a quick decision concerning the personal names. Some of the names that appear in the text have Czech equivalents (e.g. Jimmy = Kuba, Joey = Pepa, Frank = František) but most of them do not exist in the Czech language. I did not intend to have a mixture of foreign and domestic personal names which would induce an inappropriate and in some instances even ridiculous effect (e.g. František Sinatra). I also assumed that the Czech reader was going to be aware that the book in his/her hands took place in an English-speaking country, hence he/she was going to expect occurrence of English personal names. As a consequence I was determined to leave the personal names as they were; however, they had to be slightly adapted with declension endings (e.g. Eddieho, Declana Cuffea, Jimmyho, Franka Sinatry) or endings of possessive case (e.g. Derekova, Derekově). The only exception I made was abided by Levý‟s statement (1963: 43, transl. by Z.P.), that “a personal name may be translated in case it has a meaning quality.” That was the case of Joey Fagan‟s middle name „The Lips‟ functioning as a nickname which refers to Fagan‟s playing the trumpet. To preserve the author‟s intention I renamed this character Joey Pysk Fagan.

The matter of geographical names indeed was a soft option. Most of them have their Czech equivalents that are widely used (e.g. England = Anglie, Ireland = Irsko, Chestnut Street = Kaštanová ulice). Those that retained their original forms were adjusted in a way to meet Czech grammar requirements (e.g. Barrytown, Barrytownu).

5.1.2.3.Music Matters

It was expressions pertaining to music that kept my mind permanently busy. In this place I would like to remark that the following statements are not meant as an offence which would imply underestimation of the Czech nation‟s intelligence. Much as I would like to say that soul music is popular in the Czech Republic, I think there are not many admirers, which is probably the aftermath of the communist regime. All the same, I suppose the allusions to other genres such as ska or reggae are not fully comprehensible to the Czech reader.

- 54 -

Levý (1963: 33, transl. by Z.P.) advices that, “the translator to preserve more or less national distinctions in agreement with the degree of foreign culture awareness he/she can expect. At the same time he/she has an opportunity to broaden the reader‟s knowledge of such culture.” After a seemingly never-ending hesitation I devised a compromise to preserve the names of music groups regardless the reader‟s acquaintance with them but to translate both the names of songs and the fragments of lyrics (even at the cost of losing familiarity with two notorious songs – Relax by Frankie Goes To Hollywood and All You Need Is Love by The Beatles).

5.1.2.4.Polysemous Words

Other problems I had to stand up to eventuated from disparity of the English and Czech languages. Levý (1963: 31, transl. by Z.P.) claims about this issue:

A whole meaning concord of expressions between the original and the translation is not possible therefore a linguistically correct translation is insufficient. It often happens that the lexis of the mother tongue does not comprise as a multivalent expression as the original language. The translator has to specify the meaning then; he/she needs to know the reality that is hidden behind the text to come to conclusion which expression with a restricted meaning to use.

High though incidence of multivalent words was in the original text, I will only advance a few instances that called for a delicate solution: a) the original: Madness, The Specials. Little black an‟ whi‟e men. the translation: Kapely Madness, Specials. Chlápci v černobílým. As soon as I came across this line, I was not sure whether „black an‟ whi‟e‟ referred to the race of the groups‟ members mentioned in the original line or something else. I entered the musicians‟ official web sites and found out that the saying reflected the colours they were wearing rather than the ones of their skin. b) the original: Have you got soul? the translation: Máte soul v duši? The original phrase benefits from more senses of a polysemous word „soul‟. Apart from other meanings, Doyle wittily avails himself of a phenomenon that the word which entitles a musical genre also means the immaterial essence, animating principle, or actuating cause of an individual life; i.e. „duše‟ in Czech. Unfortunately, the

- 55 -

connection like this is not possible in the Czech language, so I combined the two senses together in an expression that could be translated into English as „Soul in your soul‟.

5.1.2.5.Title

Since this whole chapter is devoted to the interpretation of the original text, I assume I should pay some attention to the title of the book as well. Levý (1963: 61-62) distinguishes two types of titles – descriptive and symbolic. The former denotes a topic of the work directly (often contains a hero‟s name or a literary genre of the work) while the latter provides a topic, problems or atmosphere of it by means of abbreviations or symbols.

The title Roddy Doyle has given to his book can be perceived as both types; firstly, as a name of the music group itself and secondly, as a message that its members have. The word „commitment‟ encompasses a lot of senses, all of them concerning pledging, allegiance, loyalty, dedication, and oath. Doyle perhaps aims at their mission to bring soul to Ireland, the result of which should be peace; not only peace of arms, but also peace of Irish inhabitants‟ minds which struggle from economic instability, unemployment, political and religious scandals that shake the country. In my opinion, soul music is a metaphor for hope that life is not pointless. While the members of the group have soul, they can enjoy life; they have something to look forward to; their hard work is rewarded with certain success. Sadly, their split, which is caused by jealousy, petty quarrels and self-interestedness, shows that if people do not stand by one another they could meet bad ends.

The problem was how to pack all I felt important into a short title. Imagining I was an ordinary reader that was not familiar with Roddy Doyle, his book or the film that was based on it, knowing no English at all, I wondered what title would grab my attention. Surely, it would not be the original one. Levý (1963: 63) does not consider intellectual amplification of a title which involves explanation and paraphrase the most convenient because it breaks prime structural patterns of the title. At the same time, he does not fully reject the amplification saying that, “the title is an idea key to the work; its intelligibility is sometimes more important than its metaphorical character.” (63, transl. by Z.P.)

- 56 -

Personally, I felt that the amplification is strongly desirable. Solutions I came upon were manifold, from the dull ones to the fairly crazy ones. To be frank, I cast away most of them immediately. Nevertheless some of them were worth thinking and I believe that they should be presented (their English translations are bracketed) as well as the reasons that were decisive for their rejection:

The Commitments – Legenda dublinského soulu - (The Commitments – The Legend of Dublin Soul) - This title seemed quite plain and not really original; a lot of books have a title like this I thought. Moreover I feared that it would remind people rather of non-fiction literature than fiction and besides the band‟s ephemeral life would hardly match the meaning of the word „legend‟. The Commitments – Vzestup a pád hudební kapely - (The Commitmens – Rise and Fall of a Music Band) - Again, this title was not fully satisfactory because of its overdescription and it appeared to me that it signals too explicitly how the novel ends. Letopisy kapely The Commitments - (The Chronicles of a band The Commitments) - In this case I yielded to temptation of paraphrasing a well-established title. This one was surely inspired by C.S. Lewis‟ book The Chronicles of Narnia which I had been reading recently. I believe that if the novel were given this name, it would be a good marketing move, for people like buying things that evoke something they think they are familiar with. Meeting a title like this appears to them as meeting a good old friend. Of course, I know reality bites and such reunion does not always bring happiness and therefore I decided the title was not the one I was looking for. The Commitments – Irští pastýři soulu - (The Commitments – Irish Shepherds of Soul) - I confess truthfully that I liked this title very much. It had almost all important things that were essential to be expressed – the location, religion, and soul music. Its uncontested advantage was that even the ambiguity of the word „soul‟ is not present in the Czech language. What I minded was that the title would be probably too religious for the Czech reader and this could discourage him/her from reaching for it.

- 57 -

Zapomeňte na U2, teď vládnou The Commitments! - (Forget U2; The Commitments rulez!) - This fairy aggressive title would perhaps please the Czech reader, the younger the better, as the Irish band U2 is well known in the Czech Republic, and the reference to it would clerify where the novel takes place and what main issue it discusses. On the other hand, it is true that the title would be also misguiding because it could imply that the book is a quasi-encyclopeadia of Irish music, which is not, and that would be unfair to the reader.

Speaking personally, in the end the title I singled out, The Commitmens – Kapela, co mohla změnit svět (The Commitments – A Band that Could Change the World), is not one of my favourites since it also promps the band‟s destiny as the second one listed above. However, it is still shrouded in mystery and invokes certain whys and hows and this could be, in my opinion, appealing to the reader.

5.1.3. Rewriting

The third phase of the process of translation is rewriting the original text. Levý (1963: 18-20) presents three points explaining a necessity of this: a) Two different language systems are confronted. b) The original language both directly or indirectly interfere in the translation. c) The translation style is derived; the original thought is converted into a language in which it has not been created.

All the three points apply to a premise that Czech is a synthetic language1 unlike English, which is analytic2. Linguistic means of the two languages are not identical and therefore they cannot be transferred mechanically, by a method „word by word‟. Briefly, the translator has to put up with differences in grammar and syntax, lexeme or style (Levý 1963: 8).

1 “A language which expresses syntactic relations by inflection (the change in the form of a word that indicates distinctions of tense, person, gender, number, mood, voice, and case) or by agglunation (word formation by means of morpheme or word unit, clustering).” (Harris and Hodges 297). 2 “A language which expresses syntactic features primarily by words and their order rather than affixes.” (Harris and Hodges 9).

- 58 -

Rewriting is in fact a relentless quest for suitable equivalents the translator has to set on. The reason is simple because, as Knittlová (2000: 29) says, today translators do not exchange a word, a structure or a sentence for another one of their kind. They long for reaching equivalence in all aspects. She explains (2000: 6, transl. by Z.P.) that, “it does not matter whether the translator uses the same or different linguistic means but what matters is that they have to function in the same way; they should incorporate not only denotative or referential aspect of the text but also connotative (expressive or associative) and pragmatic.”

5.2. Equivalence in Practice

This chapter of the thesis deals with the instances of solutions to various difficulties concerning lexical, grammatical, textual and pragmatical equivalence. They are divided into subchapters from the viewpoint of aforementioned differences between Czech and English which appear to be cornerstones of all translation problems that the translator has to face.

While solving the lack of direct equivalents or handling matters with zero equivalents I tried to exploit several traditional translation techniques, especially those that Knittlová (2000: 14) suggests in her book. The list of the techniques is accompanied by the examples from the thesis translation:  transcription - the trancription and transliteration adapted to the usage of the traget language - e.g. rock an‟ roll = rokenrol  calque - the literal translation - e.g. chicken curry = kuřecí kari  modulation - the change of aspect - e.g. Tha‟ bollix ratted on us … = Ta krysa na nás bonzovala …  substitution - the replacement of one linguistic means by another - e.g. There‟s the flush… = Slyším, jak splachuje…  adaptation

- 59 -

- the substitution of a situation described in the original by another, adequate one - e.g. He‟d won them. = Měl je v hrsti.  transposition - the necessary grammatical change as a consequence of different language systems - e.g. His uncle had given it to him… = Věnoval mu ho strejda…  equivalency - the usage of stylistic and structural means different from the original - … because one of his lungs had collapsed. = … protoţe mu odešla jedna plíce.

5.2.1. Stylistic differences

Levý points out (1963: 19) that the Czech language, as distinct from English, cannot form many stylistic nuances or compact expressions loaded with meaning. He also emphasises (19) that the translator should exploit the potential in which Czech overcomes other languages, including English.

5.2.1.1.Reporting Verbs

Levý encourages (1963: 20) the translator not to be bounded by apparent stylistic means of the original language and to uncover latent stylistic qualities. Since repetition of the same expression is regarded as a negative feature in Czech stylistics, it was vital to look for proper equivalents of reporting verbs (say, ask) which are to discover vastly throughout the whole original text. On Knitlová‟s constructive advice (2000: 48) I guided the choice of the equivalents of reporting verbs by the context, which helped me to find expressions that combined denotative meaning with an expressive or connotative component. Consequently, both the verbs „say‟ and „ask‟ are transferred into Czech by a wide scale of verbs which are related (not necessarily) to verbal expressing in the case of „say‟ and querying in the case of „ask‟, but at the same time they comment the action that is happening. The next few examples of various equivalents used in the translation, which Knittlová (2000: 41) calls as

- 60 -

specification3, perhaps prove the previous statement positive. Although both the original and the translation deal with these reporting verbs in past tense, I introduce their basic forms for better lucidity. The expressions in brackets illustrate denotative meaning of the Czech equivalents in English.

a) the original: say the translation: poznamenat (remark), zabručet (mutter), pozdravit (say hello), odporovat (oppose), souhlasit (agree), vytáčet se (prevaricate), kázat (preach), ohradit se (protest), odpovědět (answer), zavrčet (growl), zaklít (swear), odfrknout (snort), odseknout (snap back), křičet (shout), zahulákat (yell), vysvětlovat (explain), vyhrknout (burst out), provokovat (provoke)

b) the original: ask the translation: chtít vědět (want to know), být zvědav (be curious), vyzvídat (snoop)

As the foregoing instances are taken out of context, it is relevant to show how these function in the cohesive and coherent text. the original: the translation: – Been ridin‟ anythin‟ since I seen yis last? – Tak co, vojeli jste někoho od posledně? Jimmy asked them. zeptal se jich Jimmy. – No way, said Outspan. – We‟ve been – Ani náhodou, prohlásil Outspan. – much too busy for tha‟ sort o‟ thing. Isn‟t Nemáme na takový voloviny vůbec čas, no tha‟ right? ne? . – Yeah, that‟s righ‟, said Derek. – Jo, to je fakt, souhlasil Derek. – Puttin‟ the finishin‟ touches to your – Pilovali ste album? provokoval je album? said Jimmy. Jimmy. – Puttin‟ finishin‟ touches to our name, – Pilovali sme jméno kapely, zamumlal said Outspan. Outspan. – Wha‟ are yis now? – A jak se teda menujete? – And And exclamation mark, righ‟? –––– – A A vykřičník, je to tak, ţe? –––– A, And, said Derek. ujišťoval se Derek.

3 substitution by a hyponym

- 61 -

5.2.1.2.Emotive Expressions

Levý considers (1963: 19) that words with the emotive function and especially diminutives should not be forgotten while translating. It could be said that the whole tuning of the original text does not give a chance for a great deal of such expressions, yet some of them appear in the translation even though they do not bear emotional attitudes very often. Certainly, expressions like these stylistically enrich the translation as well as lexical derivatives created by means of prefixes. Here are a few instances of this phenomenon.

the original: the translation: the little fella ten mrňous a little face obličejík saxík sax oul‟ fellas staříci a fair whack pěkná sumička young one holčina very patient veletrpělivej fluffy měkkoučký

5.2.1.3.Collocations

Knittlová indicates (2000: 56-56) that connotation of colloquiallity helps to create atmosphere of a situation or define characters by embracing the whole scale of style levels. As it is not easy to recognize the position in the scale of colloquiality of a lexical unit, the translator should exploit all means he/she considers adequate for a given situation and style.

The original text particularly required well-balanced colloquial language so that the characters would act convincingly in concord with their culture and social surroundings. Hence I reached for colloquial, slang, expressive or pejorative expressions and their various combinations.

I am aware that one may admit that the language the characters were made to speak is not rude enough because of the rife presence of vulgarisms in the original text. Even though knowing that majority of these expressions function as intensificators and thus their strength is extenuated and taking into account the fact that the more frequent occurrence of taboo

- 62 -

words the less their vulgarity (Knittlová 65), I did not mean to shock the readership with a choice of obscene language. I preferred following Clifford Lander‟s advice (2001: 151-152) that while translating offensive language the translator should firstly concentrate on searching for “emotional, not literal, equivalents” (e.g. An‟ second, I don‟t like the cunt. = A za druhý, nemám toho kripla rád.) and secondly that “at times a zero-translation is the only way to make an utterance sound natural” (e.g. An‟ he made a fuckin‟ bomb. = A byla to fakt bomba.).

Here are examples of some Czech equivalents to expressions of informal register in the original inserted into categories divided according to forms of colloquial Czech from the aspect of style peculiarity (2000: 78):

a) expressive structures the original: the translation: wallop dávat do těla That was the killer argument. Tak přes tenhle argument nejel vlak. slop šlichta

b) colloquial structures the original: the translation: rapid senzační mike mikrák

c) common structures the original: the translation: locked nalitej fuckin‟ locked navátej jak pytel

d) slang structures the original: the translation: Tha‟ bollix ratted on us … Ta krysa na nás bonzovala … culchies lonťáci

- 63 -

e) vulgar structures the original: the translation: go up one‟s arse strčit do prdele Fuckin‟ hell! No, to mě poser! Not songs abou‟ Fianna fuckin‟ Fail… Ţádný songy o zkurvený republikánský armádě…

5.2.1.4.Cohesion

Speaking of style, this time in connection with textual equivalence, cohesion is another area where English differs from Czech and it certainly should not be forgotten. The linguists Halliday and Hasan remark in the introduction to their book Cohesion in English (1976: 1) this:

If a speaker of English hears or reads a passage of the language which is more than one sentence lenght, he can normally decide whether it forms a unfied whole or is just a collection of unrelated sentences.”

If the speaker decides that he has heard or read the whole, he has been, undoubtedly, exposed to the cohesive text with formal linkage which serves as glue that puts all the text together. Both the languages conform to different standards of cohesion. English prefers grammatical cohesive devices (e.g. reference, substitution and ellipsis) while Czech bases textual cohesiveness on conjunction and lexical cohesion (e.g. repetition, synonymy, antonymy etc.). The following instance shows an example of varied usage of cohesive devices. To express the same, English uses final textual ellipsis while it is more natural for the Czech text to repeat the verb that appears in the discourse earlier. the original: the translation: D‟yis remember your man, Jimmy Clifford? Pamatujete na jednoho kluka, Jimmyho Clifforda? – Tha‟ fuckin‟ drip! – Toho poseru? – That‟s him, said Jimmy. – D‟yis –––– – Jo, to je on, přikývl Jimmy. – Tak pamatujete ––––

- 64 -

Knittlová (2000: 29) also comments on the importance of cohesion in her book writing that, unless the translator does not respect cohesive differences, a traslated text may seem overorganized or underorganized. She also mentions (29) one of the differences, also visible in Doyle‟s text, that English uses fewer connectors than Czech. Therefore it would be desirable that I use more of them in the translation. However, I did not intend to unite Doyle‟s simple sentences, which are one of his characteristic stylistic features, into difficult complex ones because of my primary intention to preserve his unique literary style he is easily recognizable for. That is why the syntactic structure of the texts does not vary a lot. The following extract is the result of my endeavour to joint Doyle‟s style with the natural Czech way of expression. the original: the translation: There was nothing you could teach James Nebylo nic, co byste ještě mohli naučit Clifford about playing the piano. Jimmy had Jamesa Clifforda o hraní na klavír. Jimmy him listening to Little Richard. He got James chtěl, aby poslouchal Little Richarda. to thump the keys with his elbows, fists, Donutil Jamese bušit do kláves loktama, heels. James was a third-year medical student pěstma i patama. Jelikoţ James dělal třetí so he was able to tell Jimmy the exact, right ročník medicíny, byl schopnej Jimmymu říct word for whatever part of his body he was přesnej, korektní termín jakékoli část těla, hitting the piano with. He was able to explain kterou do klavíru mlátil. Uměl taky vysvělit, the damage he was doing to himself. Jimmy jak moc si tím ubliţuje. Jimmy ho nemohl couldn‟t persuade him to give the piano the přesvědčit, aby taky sem tam klavíru uštědřil odd smack with his forehead. There was too nějakej ten úder čelem. Bylo aţ příliš mnoho much at stake there. Besides, he wore v sázce. A kromě toho, nosil brejle. glasses.

5.2.2. Pragmatic Differences

What can be regarded as solid ground for the need of the pragmatic translation is perhaps Levý‟s proposition (1963: 28, transl. by Z.P.) that, “the translation should not be a facsimile of the original but it should influence readers in the same way.”

- 65 -

In an article Pragmatic Translation and Literarism (2009) Newmark defines the pragmatic factor of translation as “one of the two factors in translation: „pragmatic‟ denotes the reader‟s or readership‟s reception of the translation, as opposed to „referential‟, which denotes the relationship between the translation and the extra-linguistic reality it describes”. Besides he also declares (2009) that, “pragmatic translation is largely tentative and presumptive, as opposed to refferential translation where the only assumption is that the readers are literate.”

Moreover Newmark develops his definition of the pragmatic factor by stating (2009) that it has two elements. The first relates to the reader‟s characteristics, taking into account important circumstances such as his/her subject knowledge, linguistic level, source language cultural familiarity but also less relevant factors such as the reader‟s social class, age, sex and the time elapsed since the writing of the sourse language text. The other factor refers to the language of the text itself and the reader‟s responsivess to it. There are different syntactic ways how to evoke various moods, e.g. “action is pointed by verbs; description by nouns and adjectives or adverbs of quality; dialogue by forms of address and tags; injunctions by imperatives or rhetorical questions; urgency and speed by brief sentences; leisureliness or meditation by long ones.” (Newmark 2009)

Knittlová devotes a whole chapter of her publication to solving pragmatic differences between Czech and English. Her practical advice the translator can follow is priceless indeed. She writes (2000: 81-91) that there are several types of solutions how to bring the reader of the translation as near as possible to the source language society‟s reality and experience. Actually, she recognises these four categories: adding information, omitting information, substitution by analogy, and explanatory periphrasis.

To tell the truth, solving pragmatic problems belonged to the most arduous, nevertheless they were the most enjoyable. The next few lines of the thesis present some fruit of my labours that fit the categories Knittlová has set.

a) adding information the original: the translation: Melody Maker and NME hudební časáky Melody Maker a New Musical Express

- 66 -

Ska. Madness, The Specials. Hudební ţánr ska. Kapely Madness, Specials.

The suggested examples make it obvious that it was inevitable for me to add some general classifiers to the names that I supposed to be imcomprehensible for the common Czech reader. Yet I am aware that those readers who are aquainted with British pop and rock music may regard my epexegeses redundant and perhaps not very ellegant either. b) omitting information the original: the translation: a Baptist reverend on Lennox Avenue in baptistický duchovní z Harlemu Harlem The house was a big one on the Howth Byl to velkej dům poblíţ Killesteru…. Road near Killester…

The presented instances foreshadow situations in which the translator can omit some information without any potential danger of deplation of the text. In my opinion, the precise specification of the geographical locations in the original text is a component that is possible to be left out in the translation. c) substitution by analogy the original: the translation: – How‟s it goin‟, said Jimmy. – Čau, pozdravil Jimmy. – Howyeh, Jim, said Outspan. – Zdarec, Jime, opáčil Outspan. – Howayeh, said Derek. – Čus, nezůstal pozadu Derek.

The first instance adverts to the informal behaviour while greeting. Aware that Knittlová recommends (2000: 12) to respect social conventions of a relevant language society, I decided to replace them with informal greeting expressions instead as it is not very common in the Czech cultural backround use social collocations asking about „how the things are‟ among friends.

- 67 -

the original: the translation: Did I sing? At the dinner dance? Zpíval jsem? Na tom večírku? Deco had a big fry… Deco si dal pořádnou porci masový směsi… He even read his sisters‟ Jackie when Dokonce, kdyţ se nikdo nedíval, there was no one looking. přelouskl Bravo pro dívky, který četly ségry.

The aim of these changes, which are illustrated in the examples above, was to give names to the objects of the different reality using the equivalets functioning nearly in the same way. Again, it was necessary to slightly modify the epressions unknown to the Czech reader in order to produce accurate and naturally sounding text. That is why the expression „dinner dance‟ was replaced for „večírek‟ meaning „party‟ (people eat and dance at parties, though); „fry‟ for „masová směs‟ meaning „meat mixture‟ (I admit that this expression can be polemicised because in case of „fry‟ the meat version is not the only option for there is also a vegetarian type.) Coincidentally, even the last instance of the substitution by analogy could be engaged into controversy. While searching the Internet for more information about Jackie magazine, I found out that the magazine is sold on the Czech market as well, which I had had no idea about. Still, in the end I thought that a magazine Bravo Girl was the one the Czech reader was more familiar with and he/she could imagine what kind of magazine it was. d) explanatory periphrases the original: the translation: I have some Jaffa Cakes here,… Mám tady piškoty s pomerančovou náplní,…

Although it would be possible to apply substitution by analogy to the presented instance, I arrived at the conclusion that a periphrasis would be more suitable, for an analogy I could made up (Jaffa Cakes = Pims) was too typical of the Czech background and hence confusing or misleading.

On the contrary, the following example taken from the translation is a clear exemplification that using explanatory periphrasis should be as Knittlová remarks

- 68 -

(2000: 84) the last rough-and-ready solution while transferring an unknown situation or in these cases rather experience. the original: the translation: He carried his bass low, Stranglers Derek měl svou basovku zavěšenou style,… proklatě nízko. Odkoukal to od basáka ze Stranglers,…

5.2.3. Grammatical Differences

Regarding the differencies of the grammatical systems of both the languages, Knittlová (2000: 92) envisages several instances of occasions when the translator faces difficulties connected with categories of number, gender, tense, aspect, or voice. Besides, I would also mention negation and word order.

The syntactic field I would like to pay considerable attention is verbal tense. Levý (1963: 19) remarks to this problem that English tense category is much wider while Czech has a category of verbal aspect (perfective or imperfective), which helps to overcome the missing tense category through the usage of aspect prefixes or time adverbs.

In the first place, I present a fragment from the original where the chronological sequence of sentences is indicated by using two different verbal tenses, i.e. past simple tense and past perfect simple tense. Translating this I thought that uniting a time adverb „předtím‟ meaning „before‟ and past tense would be the most convenient for clear distinguishing which activity preceded the other, for it is not possible to be done by the means of different tenses. the original: Jimmy put a record on the deck. He‟d brought the deck and the speakers up from the front room. the translation: Jimmy poloţil desku na otáčivej talíř gramofonu. Uţ předtím si ho i s repráky přinesl z obyváku. The second example again demonstrates how radically dissimilar Czech and English are concerning tenses. Where English exploits the shift of tense to determine what happened before, namely in the nominal that-clause, Czech sticks to past tense and the chronological order of actions is totally clear. In fact the past tense in the subordinate clause defines that its

- 69 -

action took place before the action in the matrix clause. In case the two actions occurred simultaneously, the verb in the nominal clause would have a form of present tense. In addition, this example illustrates how Czech can compensate the absence of progressive tenses with the help of aforementioned verbal aspect, particularly imperfective one, which refers to repeated actions. the original: … his mother told him that two young fellas had been looking for him. the translation: … matka ho informovala, ţe se na něho vyptávali dva mladí kluci.

Except the category of verbal tense, there are other grammatical levels, which have been forshadowed in the introductory paragraph to this subchapter, causing discrepancies between English and Czech, for which the translator should find ellegant solutions. Frankly, some differences the translator does not notice at all because the best solution comes to his mind immediately and so it does not require any deep cogitating. On the other hand, some that seem quite innocuous paradoxically take some time to solve. The examples I offer are of both kinds and they refer to various grammatical categories that have not been dealt with earlier:

a) number the original: Tha‟ shite‟s ou‟. the translation: Tyhle sračky jsou pryč.

It is known that Czech and English do not concur in number and countability of nouns at times. The word „shite‟ meaning „nonsense‟ is always singular and uncountable in English while in Czech it is more natural to use plural. The difference of number between the expressions conditions the choise of determiners as well as the forms of verbs.

b) gender the original: … by taking your hand off the neck and putting it back … the translation: … pustíte krk basový kytary a pak ho znovu uchopíte…

English gender, unlike Czech, refers to biological sex which means that generally animate personal nouns are classied as male of female. Conversely, in Czech inanimate objects can belong to all the gender classes that Czech distinguishes – male

- 70 -

(the case of the illustrated noun „krk‟), female, and neuter. The presented instance also testifies that the cathegory of gender determines the selection of reference pronouns.

c) verbal voice the original: the translation: All his rehearsing was done standing up Vţdycky zkoušel vestoje a před zrcadlem. in front of the wardrobe mirror. They were stunned by what came next. To, co přišlo pak, je dorazilo. Jimmy was interested in two of them … Jimmyho zaujali dva maníci … The horse was worn off after two days. Po dvou dnech se uţ kůň úplně ošoupal.

The fact that passive voice is to be found more frequently in English discourse than in Czech one is indicated by the proposed examples where the sentences with passive voice structures withdrawn from the original text are transferred into Czech by the means of active voice except for the last one where the Czech text uses reflexive passive voice.

d) negation the original: the translation: You‟d never see Jimmy coming home… Nikdy byste ho nezahlídli, jak jde domů… … when there was no one looking. … kdyţ se nikdo nedíval…

One of the general rules of English grammar states that it is possible to have only one form of negation within one clause. Czech, however, does not limit the number of negative elements within a sentence, which the submitted examples make apparent.

e) word order Unlike English word order, the Czech is fairly flexible, yet it is not absolutely random at all. The principle that is essential to follow is functional sentence perspective.4 It is usual that in Czech that the most dynamic or newest element (rheme) is placed in the final position:

4 the organization of a sentence in terms of the role of its elements in distinguishing between old and new information, esp. the division of a sentence into theme and rheme

- 71 -

the original: He tried to take control of the interview. the translation: Snaţil se nad rozhovorem převzít kontrolu.

In emotive situations, as the following example implies, it is also possible to emphasise rheme by placing it to the initial position: the original: It‟s the real thing now. the translation: Realita, ta teď frčí.

5.2.4. Compensation

The last chapter of the thesis is devoted to compensation, a translation procedure which “involves making up for the loss of a source text effect by recreating a similar effect in the target text through means that are specific to the target language and/or text.” (Baker 37)

This technique helped me to stand up to burdensome extracts of the original text, as a matter of fact it lit up my way when I grope about in the dark. On account of my decision to translate the passages quoting lyrics of the songs, they finally turned out to be the problems that did not seem possible to tackle. Newmark‟s idea (2009: 143-144) that all can be compensated (mentioning namely puns, alliteration, rhyme, metaphor, pregnant words) made me not give in and think about their acceptable treatment.

It has been stated in one of the previous chapters, Handling Music Matters, that names of the songs and fragments of their lyrics are going to be translated for which, I am inclined to believe, there are two well-found reasons. First of all, meaning of the lyrics is important for understanding the story (e.g. James had the good lines. = James měl vynikající slova.). Secondly, reading of a tangle of English words, all Greek to some readers, might be tiring and perchance dissuasive from continuing.

Probably, the most challenging and nightmarish part was to transform the extract describing James Brown‟s song Get Up, I Feel Like Being a Sex Machine. Needless to say, there was no chance for literal translation. I felt very strongly that the translation had to retain the original features of both the song (rhythm, rhyme and pace) and James Brown‟s speech throughout the

- 72 -

song (fierceness, excitation or agitation) so I repeatedly listened to the song, sang it, combined various Czech words until the passage sounded at least tolerable.

When rewriting this passage, I supposed the characters of the book to listen to a live recording of the song. I tried to imagine the scene, atmosphere, concentrated musicians, frenetic audience; all these seemed to matter in order to transfer the mood of the passage into the translation. Naturally, some compromises had to be made. They could be regarded as units of compensation if this would be a physical value and they are instanced in the following lines.

a) The problem with „Sex Machine‟ the original: the translation: – GET ON UP –––– – JENOM VSTAŇ –––– James had the good lines. James měl vynikající slova. – LIKE A SEX MACHINE AH –––– – JEDU JAK SEXOMAT –––– – GET ON UP –––– – NO TAK VSTAŇ ––––

Due to preserve the rhythm of the song lines, I knew that „sexuální stroj‟, the literal translation of the compound „sex machine‟, would be much longer, thus it could not fit. Hence a neologism „sexomat‟ was born blending the word „sexuální‟ and „automat‟.

b) The problem with „the bridge‟ the original: the translation: – Bobby, James called. (Bobby must – Bobby, zavolal James. (Bobby byl have been the man who kept singing GET určitě ten chlápek, kterej pořád dokola ON UP.) – Bobby, said James. – Shall I zpíval JENOM VSTAŇ.) – Bobby, křičel take them to the bridge? James. – Mám zpívat dál? – Go ahead, said Bobby. – Jo, rozjeď to, řekl Bobby. – Take‟em all to the bridge. – Všichni si přejí, abych zpíval dál? – Take them to the bridge, said Bobby. – Jo, všichni, řekl Bobby.

Assuming that the mysterious „bridge‟ was not a construction over a river, I investigated the word and discovered that it is a music slang expression for preparing “the listener for the climax” (Bennett 26). As it would be unsuitable to use similar

- 73 -

lexical means for the Czech reader, I let James Brown keep asking „Shall I carry on singing?‟ c) The problem with songs unknown to the Czech reader T the original: the translation: h Morning Has Broken Můj králi, má spáso a … Good God Y‟Awl … cítím se fajn s … Take It To The Bridge Now … vem mě dolů k řece t Last instance of compensation is the replacement of songs or their fragments unfamiliar to the Czech reader with better-known ones that could contribute to deeper understanding. As far as I am concern, there is not a Czech cover version of a spiritual song Morning Has Broken that is why it was substituted with another one, the name of which signalled the environment where it was performed. Similarly, the presented segments of well known pieces of music in English-speaking countries were superceded with more acceptable lyrics of songs, particularly I Feel Good by James Brown; Take Me to the River by Wilson Pickett.

- 74 -

6. CONCLUSION

To sum up the effort on my bachelor thesis, I would firstly like to claim how immensely greatuful I am for my decision to choose the translation and analysis as its topic. Thanks to devoting a considerable amount of time to it, I have been able to experience that translators‟ way to make their living is extremely difficult and time-consuming. I take my hat off to those who worked on their translations before the Internet was introduced. Yet, I must enunciate that at the same time translating is highly rewarding and enjoyable. Moreover, I have learned that translators are not likely to be ever satisfied with their work since every rereading brought around new expressions or another aspect, simply there was always something that could be improved.

Apart from a warm feeling when everything was going fine and occasional depressions when I thought there was no way out, I suppose that the work on my thesis has enriched me in several areas. Not only has my knowledge of the theory of translation perfected but hopefully, I have also deepened my academic writing skill, including the research style of references and citations.

Finally, I would love to express my delight and excitement I had the honour to translate an extract of Roddy Doyle‟s novel into my mother tongue. I frankly believe that I have not caused any devastating harm to the original text and I have produced a piece that is easily readable and functioning similarly as the original. As long as the translation would provoke just one reader to listen to some soul, it would be an indisputable success, which would be a credit to no one else but Roddy Doyle for he wrote such a splendid book.

- 75 -

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barker, Mona, eds. Routlege Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge, 1998.

Bennett, Roy. Music Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Brockes, Emma. “Sexy Dublin. It‟s a Con.” The Guardian. 6 Sept 2004: 6.

Doyle, Roddy. The Barrytown Trilogy: The Commitments, The Snapper, The Van. London: Minerva, 1993.

Halliday, M. A. K., and Ruqaiya Hasan. Cohesion in English. London: Longman, 1976.

Harris, Theodore E., and Richard E. Hodges, eds. The Literacy Dictionary: Vocabulary of Reading and Writing. Newark: International Reading Association, Inc., 1995.

Knittlová, Dagmar. K teorii i praxi překladu. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2000.

Landers, Clifford E.. Literary Translation: A Practical Guide. Clevendon: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 2001.

Levý, Jiří. Umění překladu. Praha: Československý spisovatel, 1963.

McCarthy, Dermot. Roddy Doyle. Dublin: Liffley Press, 2003.

Naughton, James. Czech: An Essential Grammar. Bodmin: Routledge, 2005.

Newmark, Peter. About Translation. Clevendon: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 1991.

Peach, Linden. The Contemporary Irish Novel. New York: Palgrave MacMillan 2004.

Wallace, Martin. Famous Irish Writers. Belfast: The Appletree Press, 1999.

White, Caramine. Reading Roddy Doyle. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2001.

- 76 -

8. INTERNET SOURCES

Murphy, Jill. “Wilderness by Roddy Doyle.” The Bookbag. 6 Dec 2008. .

Newmark, Peter. “Pragmatic translation and literarism.” Érudit. 13 Sept 2009. .

Sbrockey, Karen. “Something of a Hero: An Interview with Roddy Doyle”. Literary Review. 29 Nov 2008. .

“Books by Roddy Doyle.” Biblio.com. Biblio, Inc. 6 Dec 2008. .

“Roddy Doyle.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 29 Nov 2008. .

“The Commitments.” Publishers Weekly. July 1989. Reed Elsevier, Inc. 29 Nov 2008. < http://www.publishersweekly.com/community/reviews/47159.html >.

- 77 -

Summary

The subject of this bachelor‟s thesis is a translation of an extract of a prosaic literary work from English to Czech. The thesis comprises of two chief parts – a practical one, the content of which is the translation itself, and a theoretical one, where the author instances applying primary translation principles.

Shrnutí

Předmětem této bakalářské práce je překlad úryvku prozaického literárního díla z anglického do českého jazyka. Práce zahrnuje dvě hlavní části – praktickou, jejímţ obsahem je překlad samotný, a teoretickou, kde autorka uvádí příklady aplikace základních překladatelských postupů.

- 78 -