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Significance of Ganesh Chaturthi K Sriram

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Ganesha, also known as Ganapati and Vinayaka, is one of the most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon. His image is found throughout India, Sri Lanka and Nepal. All Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations and this extends to Jains and Buddhists Significance of Ganesh Chaturthi K Sriram Sri Ramana Bhaktha Samajam Chennai Aum Sri Ganeshaya namah Lord Ganesha and Ganesha Chaturthi Vakra thunda Mahakaya Suryakoti Sama prabha I Nivignam Kurme Deva Sarva karyeshu Sarvadha II Oh, Lord! The One with the broken tusk, the One whose Virat swarupa that permeates the entire Universe, The One whose splendour surpasses even hundred million Suns, please remove all our obstacles that stand between us and our accomplishments, both in worldly life and in our spiritual path! Page 1 of 12 Introduction Ganesha, also known as Ganapati and Vinayaka, is one of the most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon. His image is found throughout India, Sri Lanka and Nepal. All Hindu sects worship him regardless of affiliations and this extends to Jains and Buddhists. Ganesha is widely revered as the remover of obstacles, the patron of arts and sciences, God of intellect and wisdom & Poet- Laureate among poets [Kavin Kavinaam -sanskrit]. As the God of beginnings, he is honoured at the start of rituals and ceremonies. He has many names to his credit and in fact, 1000 names, each conveying different aspects of him & the text is called Ganesha Sahasranama [sahasra – thousand, Nama – name]. Some of his famous names are Vigneshwara [Controller of Obstacles], Gananatha & Ganapati [Leader of Shiva Ganas], Pillayar [Tamil word meaning son of Shiva], Lambodara [Huge- bellied], Akhuratha [one who has mouse as his charioteer], Ekadanta & Ekadrishta [one with a single tusk], Gajanana & Gajavadana [Elephant-faced], Heramba [Protector of the weak] and Kavish [King of Poets]. His vahana [Vehicle] is Mouse. Once a mouse complained to him that he was the most neglected lot. Being so compassionate, he took pity on the mouse & made him his vahana, thus making the little one worthy of worship. This shows the fact that Ganesha is so powerful that he can make even a dust a mountain. We will see more interpretations on this later on. How Ganesha came into Being Parvati, the consort of Shiva, created Ganesha out of sandalwood paste that she used for her bath and set upon him the task of guarding her door while she bathed. Shiva, who had gone out, returned and as Ganesha didn't know him, didn't allow him to enter. Seeing this, Shiva Ganas attacked Ganesha who prevailed over them. Finally angry Shiva severed the head of the child. Knowing this, Parvati became so upset that Shiva, deeply moved by her sorrow, fixed an elephant head on the child's body and brought him back to life. Lord Shiva also declared that from that day onwards, the boy Page 2 of 12 would be the leader of Shiva Ganas & hence called him ‘Ganesha’. Soon he got other names - Ganapati and Gananatha (Gana Isha : Lord of Ganas, Pati & Nathan- leader). According to the Linga Purana, Ganesha was created by Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati at the request of the Devas for being a Vighnakartaa (obstacle- creator) in the path of Rakshasas & Asuras and a Vighnahartaa (obstacle- destroyer) to help the Devas achieve fruits of their hard work. Philosophy of Lord Ganesha’s Form Lord Ganesha is an embodiment of Wisdom and Bliss. He is the foremost among celibates in South India but is worshipped with two consorts in North India. Lord Ganesha’s two Saktis are Kundalini Sakti and Vallabha Sakti. In Tamil, they are known as Ichaa Sakthi and Kriya Sakthi. These roles are reversed in the case of his brother, Lord Subrahmanya who is a staunch Brahmachari [Ceibate] as Karthikeya in the North India whereas in South India, he is God of two wives, namely, Deivayanai [in Tamil & Devasena in Sankrit, she is Indra’s daughter] and Valli [ who belongs to the hunters’ clan]. Ganesha is the first God, Adi-Deva. He is the Presiding Deity of the Muladhara Chakra. He is the Lord who removes all obstacles in worldly success and more so, in the spiritual path. Avvaiyar, the Tamil poetess & one of his primary devotees who attained Mukti [Liberation] through his Grace is a monumental example for this. So He is called Vighna Vinayaka. His Bijakshara is Gang. He is the Lord of harmony and peace. Lord Ganesha’s elephant-head is one figure which, by nature, is in the form of Pranava Mantra, ‘OM’. Hence, his posture where his trunk is turned to right side is considered Holy & in this posture, he is called ‘Valampuri Vinayaka’ [See picture with trunk turned on the right]. Pranava is one chief Mantra on which volumes have been written in Hindu scriptures, particularly, in Gowdapadhakarika, & nothing is done without uttering it. So, to think of ‘OM’, is to think of Ganesha. Hence, the practice of invoking Lord Ganesha’ Grace before beginning any undertaking or even writing, with Ganapati –Signature[Pillaiyar Chuzhi which represents ‘OM’] came into being as an established practice. The two feet are His Jnana Sakti and Kriya Sakti. Page 3 of 12 Riding on the mouse represents that He has full control over the mind which runs like a mouse i.e. He is egoless. He holds Ankusa, the elephant goad. This represents that He is the Ruler of the world. This is an emblem of Divine Royalty. Mouse is a small creature. Elephant is the biggest of all animals. Riding on a mouse and wearing the head of an elephant denote that He is the Creator of all creatures, from the biggest elephant to the smallest mouse. Elephants are very wise. Wearing the head of an elephant indicates that Lord Ganesha is an embodiment of wisdom. That is, perhaps, why Lord Shiva gave him the elephant head. Also, It denotes the process of evolution. The mouse gradually evolves into an elephant and finally becomes a man. That is the reason why Ganesha has a human body, the head of an elephant, and mouse as His vehicle. His Grace permeates even in places inaccessible like a rat. Further it stands for destruction and his control over it, is total. The literal translation of his name ‘Ganesha or Gananatha’ may be that He is the Head of the followers of Shiva. The other philosophical meanings are that he is the Lord of Ganas or groups, such as the group of elements, the group of senses, the group of Tattwas etc i.e He is All-powerful. Legends connected with Lord Ganesha Ganesha and the famous Mango Once Sage Narada gave a precious mango to Lord Shiva. Both Ganesha & Subrahmanya vied for it. Lord Shiva decided that whoever would make a tour round the world and come back first would get the mango. Lord Subrahmanya flew off at once on His vehicle, the peacock, in circumambulation of the world. However, Ganesha went around His parents and asked for the prize. Lord Shiva objected that he did not go round the world. Ganesha replied: "No, but I went around My parents who represent the manifested world". Lord Shiva was highly pleased & the dispute was settled in favour of Lord Ganesha & the fruit was given to him as prize for his intelligent way handling this issue. There is another philosophical interpretation to this story. The mango represents ‘wisdom’. Getting immersed in worldly activities teaches one that God is the final resort to obtain peace & happiness. This is the wisdom one gets ultimately from the world & this is the purpose for which the world is created by God. Lord Page 4 of 12 Subrahmanya went through the world & got the ‘wisdom’ it has to offer. So there is no need for him for receive any extra wisdom. But Ganesha went to God straightaway instead & it is he who richly deserved ‘wisdom’, the mango. So Lord Shiva gave the mango to Ganesha. Ganesha and Ravaneswara In Treta Yuga, Ravana reached Kailas and performed rigorous penance to get the "Atma Linga" from Lord Shiva, as Ravana's mother expressed a keen desire to worship the Atmalinga of Lord Shiva. Pleased with his penance, Lord Shiva gave the "Atma Linga" to Ravana and instructed him to carry it home by walk & also that he should never place it on the earth failing which the Linga would get eternally embedded at the place where it was grounded. Devas were worried as Ravana would become invincible once Atma Linga is installed in Lanka, his Capital. They pleaded with Maha Vishnu to come their rescue. Maha Visnu devised a plan to install the linga somewhere else other than Lanka and sought the help of Lord Gaganesha who agreed to this and reached Gokarna as a Brahmin boy. When Ravana was coming near Gokarna, Maha Vishnu hid the sun with his Sudarshana Chakra (Wheel) as per his plan with Ganesha. Thinking that it was time to perform the evening Puja [Sandhya vandanam], Ravana saw the Brahmin boy and asked him to hold the Atma Linga till he came back. Ganesha agreed to hold the Linga in his hand on one condition that he would do so till he would be able to bear the weight of Linga and thereafter he would call Ravana three times and if failed to come, he would have no other option than to place the Linga on the earth. Lord Ganesha called Ravana three times when he was performing his Puja and placed the Linga on the ground and vanished. At once the Atma Linga got firmly entrenched in the earth.
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  • MUSIC Hindustani

    MUSIC Hindustani

    The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara Ph. D Entrance Tet (PET) SYLLABUS Subject: MUSIC PET ExamCode : 21 Hindustani (Vocal, Instrumental & Musicology), Karnataka, Percussion and Rabindra Sangeet Note:- Unit-I, II, III & IV are common to all in music Unit-V to X are subject specific in music -1- Unit-I Technical Terms: Sangeet, Nada: ahata & anahata , Shruti & its five jaties, Seven Vedic Swaras, Seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha & Vikrit Swara, Vadi- Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad / vishesa sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava, Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav,Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga Sangeeta, Deshi Sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara Mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga ,Bhashanga ,Meend, Khatka, Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, Harmony and Melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta Talas and 35 Talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran, Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi Tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas ,Katapayadi scheme, Names of 12 Chakras, Twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas , Alapana, Tanam, Kaku, Akarmatrik notations. Unit-II Folk Music Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song / music. Characteristics of folk music. Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments and performers of various regions in India. Ragas and Talas used in folk music Folk fairs & festivals in India. -2- Unit-III Rasa and Aesthetics: Rasa, Principles of Rasa according to Bharata and others. Rasa nishpatti and its application to Indian Classical Music. Bhava and Rasa Rasa in relation to swara, laya, tala, chhanda and lyrics.