Aerosafety World, February 2008
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AeroSafety WORLD 2007 SAFETY REVIEW Loss of control events on the rise MEDICATING DEPRESSION Allowing pilots to continue flying ASAP FOR THE CABIN Opening the door to reports CAUSAL FACTORS A340 at Toronto; 737 at Midway CLOSING SAFETY GAPS MEASURING YOUR CUltURE THEFlight JOURNAL Safety OF FFoundationLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION FEBRUARY 2008 Serious business at the Singapore Airshow flies just as easily in smart casuals. Dr. Vijay Mallya Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Tony Tyler Chairman & CEO Chairman & CEO Chief Executive Kingfisher Airlines Limited International Lease Finance Corporation Cathay Pacific Airways Serious business now in smart casuals at Asia's largest aerospace event. The Singapore Airshow. A brand new look and a whole new experience. (65) 6542 8660 [email protected] Singapore Airshow 2008@The new Changi Exhibition Centre, 9 Aviation Park Road Tel +65 6542 8660 Fax +65 6546 6062 www.singaporeairshow.com.sg PRESIDENT’sMESSAGE Achilles’ Heel rowth is good, but a consensus is forming The burden of deciding who enters the air that the lack of qualified personnel is a ma- transport business, and at what skill level, now jor challenge to that growth. International falls on the shoulders of overburdened chief Air Transport Association estimates that pilots and training managers at hundreds of Gits member airlines will need 17,000 new pilots a regional airlines and developing low-cost carri- year over the next 20 years. Boeing estimates look ers. They typically have few resources and must for 360,000 new pilots over the same time period, cope with massive turnover rates as their pilots and that doesn’t include business aviation, the very get hired away by the pilot-needy legacy carriers. light jet market and so on. But somehow they have to deal with a succession That’s a lot of pilots. So, how do we decide of new pilots, some with minimum qualifications, when new pilots are ready to go on the line fly- and teach them to fly transport category jet aircraft ing jets? Current international regulations are while maintaining a perfect level of safety. Some not much help. The minimum legal requirement have to cope with trainees that may speak different is an instrument rating and a commercial pilot languages, come from incompatible cultures and license; a commercial pilot license earned on small hold certificates of questionable origin. When you piston-engine airplanes may have made sense 60 step back and look at this, it doesn’t make much years ago, but it doesn’t do much to prepare a first sense: Some of the most constrained people in officer for an RJ or an Airbus A320. our business are being asked to do something In the past, this hasn’t mattered; the military, that is nearly impossible yet at the same time is the marketplace and the legacy airlines set stan- absolutely essential. dards far above the legal requirements. During What can we do? First, we had better lend the ’70s and ’80s, big militaries with high turnover these people a hand. They need the best practical supplied lots of pilots to the civil aviation market. tools and advice, and when they say the system is Places like North America and Australia could being pushed too far, we need to listen. Second, count on the rich reservoir of their large gen- this industry should take another look at how eral aviation segments for experienced personnel, we want to set competency and qualification while legacy airlines in Europe and Asia invested requirements and put in place a sensible system heavily in ab initio training programs to produce of regulation that matches the demands of this pilots at a controllable rate. century. More could be done, but that would be Things have changed. The flow of military a good start. pilots has slowed. The industry is only a few years into this new expansion, and the pool of highly qualified general aviation pilots is largely gone. The world that was dominated by legacy carriers is increasingly influenced by start-up airlines whose expansion plans do not allow for William R. Voss the time or overhead costs associated with ab President and CEO initio programs. Flight Safety Foundation WWW.FLIGHTSAFETY.ORG | AEROSAFETYWORLD | FEBRUARY 2008 | 1 AeroSafetyWORLD contents February2008 Vol 3 Issue 2 features 12 2007Review | LOC Up 12 18 CoverStory | Culture Counts 24 AviationMedicine | Antidepressants in Aviation 28 CausalFactors | Overrun at Midway 34 CabinSafety | Speaking Up 40 CausalFactors | Blindsided 46 FlightTech | Lighting Strikes 18 departments 1 President’sMessage | Achilles’ Heel 5 EditorialPage | Management Risk 6 AirMail | Letters From Our Readers 8 InBrief | Safety News 24 2 | FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION | AEROSAFETYWORLD | FEBRUARY 2008 28 34 40 AeroSafetyWORLD telephone: +1 703.739.6700 11 SafetyCalendar | Industry Events William R. Voss, publisher, FSF president and CEO [email protected], ext. 108 49 | Making Headway on the Runway DataLink J.A. Donoghue, editor-in-chief, FSF director of publications 53 InfoScan | At Your Surface [email protected], ext. 116 Mark Lacagnina, senior editor [email protected], ext. 114 57 OnRecord | Throttle Trouble Wayne Rosenkrans, senior editor [email protected], ext. 115 Linda Werfelman, senior editor [email protected], ext. 122 Rick Darby, associate editor [email protected], ext. 113 Karen K. Ehrlich, web and print production coordinator [email protected], ext. 117 Ann L. Mullikin, art director and designer [email protected], ext. 120 Susan D. Reed, production specialist [email protected], ext. 123 About the Cover Measuring a safety culture enables management. Patricia Setze, librarian Photo: © Brett Charleton/iStockphoto [email protected], ext. 103 Editorial Advisory Board We Encourage Reprints (For permissions, go to <www.flightsafety.org/asw_home.html>) David North, EAB chairman, consultant Share Your Knowledge William R. Voss, president and CEO If you have an article proposal, manuscript or technical paper that you believe would make a useful contribution to the ongoing dialogue about aviation safety, we will be Flight Safety Foundation glad to consider it. Send it to Director of Publications J.A. Donoghue, 601 Madison St., Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1756 USA or [email protected]. The publications staff reserves the right to edit all submissions for publication. Copyright must be transferred to the Foundation for a contribution to be published, and J.A. Donoghue, EAB executive secretary payment is made to the author upon publication. Flight Safety Foundation Sales Contacts J. Randolph Babbitt, president and CEO Europe, Central USA, Latin America Asia Pacific, Western USA Eclat Consulting Joan Daly, [email protected], tel. +1.703.983.5907 Pat Walker, [email protected], tel. +1.415.387.7593 Steven J. Brown, senior vice president–operations Northeast USA and Canada Regional Advertising Manager National Business Aviation Association Tony Calamaro, [email protected], tel. +1.610.449.3490 Arlene Braithwaite, [email protected], tel. +1.410.772.0820 Subscriptions: Subscribe to AeroSafety World and become an individual member of Flight Safety Foundation. One year subscription for 12 issues Barry Eccleston, president and CEO includes postage and handling — US$350. Special Introductory Rate — $280. Single issues are available for $30 for members, $45 for nonmembers. Airbus North America For more information, please contact the membership department, Flight Safety Foundation, 601 Madison Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1756 USA, Don Phillips, freelance transportation +1 703.739.6700 or [email protected]. reporter AeroSafety World © Copyright 2008 by Flight Safety Foundation Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1934-4015 (print)/ ISSN 1937-0830 (digital). Published 12 times a year. Suggestions and opinions expressed in AeroSafety World are not necessarily endorsed by Flight Safety Foundation. Russell B. Rayman, M.D., executive director Nothing in these pages is intended to supersede operators’ or manufacturers’ policies, practices or requirements, or to supersede government regulations. Aerospace Medical Association WWW.FLIGHTSAFETY.ORG | AEROSAFETYWORLD | FEBRUARY 2008 | 3 22-24 April 2008 Rosen Shingle Creek Resort Orlando, Florida EARLY BIRD DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE Organised by: MEET THE BEST IN THE BUSINESS AT WATS 2008 the premier aviation training business forum WATS 2008 – the world’s biggest gathering of aviation training professionals – will address airline training requirements through the expertise of its presenters, exhibitors and delegates. Every major aircraft manufacturer will be on-site and some will be conducting workshops for new aircraft and emerging technologies. Close to 1000 delegates representing almost 100 air carriers will attend for a concentrated three days of training, networking and business. Tel. US: +1 (407) 322 5605 • RoW: +44 (0)1252 532000 • Email:[email protected] www.halldale.com/wats A Halldale Media Group Event ORED BY S SPON EDITORIALPAGE MANAGEMENT Risk hange happens, as they say, and departments, suppliers and maintenance A written safety policy statement success largely is a measure of operations, but this drift has occurred at from the CEO also provides protection how change is anticipated and major airlines with sterling technical rep- from tampering from lower levels and ultimately handled. utations; no organization is immune. can serve as a legacy document to in- CWhen it comes to safety culture, The defense of safety programs is fluence future CEOs, impressing upon whether change is good or bad depends made difficult by the fact that when they them the importance of maintaining the on the starting point. Naturally, we ap- are performing well, there is an absence effort. It strikes me that getting some plaud changes for the better. However, I of accidents and incidents. A new leader buy-in from the chairman of the board cringe at the harmful change that could may come to the conclusion that since and several board members also would be inflicted by management hotshots there is no safety problem, safety is not be beneficial in deeply embedding the arriving in their new executive positions a problem.