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1983 High Spatial Resolution VLA Observations of the R Aquarii Jet Menas Kafatos Chapman University, [email protected]

J. M. Hollis Blue Bay Res Inc

A. G. Michalitsianos NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center

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Recommended Citation Kafatos, M., Hollis, J.M., Michalitsianos, A.G. (1983) High Spatial Resolution VLA Observations of the R Aquarii Jet, The Astrophysical Journal, 267: L103-L107. doi: 10.1086/184012

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Comments This article was originally published in Astrophysical Journal, volume 267, in 1983. DOI: 10.1086/184012

Copyright IOP Publishing

This article is available at Chapman University Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles/124 1983ApJ...267L.103K ionized has Greenstein nebula filamentary of by stellar on densitometer day et interpretation (IUE) em cal during the tial; ultraviolet formation THE - 1983. © R Optical a/. being Herbig - jet accretion with the ASTROPHYSICAL period been Aquarii the 70 American The 1982) and region periastron (Michalitsianos region. km appeared jet star of variable unresolved with represent Subject for cannot radio radio the a American mean the (1980) of binary spectra observed adjacent High with 1980; this lies s- suggest Mira a jet nebula (M7e VLA images the HIGH is R onto (Kafatos counter-jet is is source, source. 1 , heliocentric A at Astronomical Aquarii, feature and headings: while be jet characterized the - suggest R spatial Herbig in stellar JOURNAL, Astronomical jetlike variable a material between obtained 44 + (Sopka the I. Aquarii nebular determined radial 29~3 proposes radio a star that of SPATIAL in International pee) whose INTRODUCTION In ± highly the and hot and Michalitsianos Lick with Laboratory system 2 it the the our resolution is 1980), Society. feature P.A. stars: stars: encircles mean is feature 267:L103-LJ07, may velocity et recently Kafatos km with companion radial extended suggested were emission jet peak 1970 by 3 m 3 a high R elliptical optical a/. that with symbiotic by All feature Aquarii represent which in mass accretion- s- RESOLUTION radial G. from a 1982), obtained of direct intensity rights spatial for velocity it has 1 the and an hot Ultraviolet Received • differences respect ejected Society 1982). observations Herbig an the involves J. Astronomy knots loss- Enhanced - Department (Wallerstein from reserved. 27-44 extended consists these velocity radio is been M. star subdwarf. or and plates inner 1977. 196", inner detached resolution 1983 star ejecta with A lies 1982) HOLLIS with 1982 of to are radio from stars: (see and stars: Printed at in radio detected theoretical year supercriti­ April suspected the the • it obtained on compact and compact of centered Explorer substan­ The between 6 the November the from the of diffuse for intercepts Provided micro­ occurs the Sopka contours VLA and (- radio a an in orbit. jet circumstellar Solar from radio Physics, 15 This morphology AND Very and 6 387 far­ U.S.A. ABSTRACT M. extended the jet system, axis the em I") is 2 - OBSERVATIONS Physics, emission KAFATOS Ll03 A. AND 16; radiation Large system 2':7 map, defined of George centered G. accepted a perhaps by the jet's jet is material are cantly compact distribution R radio rises which Si solved spectral than tra previously did et optical These flux antenna the tion from filamentary NASA MICHALITSIANOS this Array shells- not Aquarii Michalitsianos a/.). II studies which Mason is from the of jet star. by absent show measurements (- far-UV Xl815 steadily 1982 weaker feature the source on the clear the is different the Goddard initial radio These jet feature as NASA (VLA). 5") in Previously range. R configuration, University flat inner occurred R December jet central jet or central the alone. the stars: reported feature Aquarii the in whether and Aquarii. to exhibited continuum nebula toward spot is by and is or with and OF radio VLA object discern jet radio Space the region resolved a Moreover, associated The in a Si independent Astrophysics long background and Kafatos THE the If region. is star. approximately factor 17 previously. star decreasing photographed appearance jet. at III] obtained itself. observations observations, comparatively peak and Flight that this the this emission precesses. inner 6 period by structure exhibits The Xl892 at These em R lacked into NE flux of radio heretofore surrounds If the feature radio This Center AQUARII - prominent with by possible compact - the along radio a between variables­ 45° stellar with extragalactic seen wavelength Moreover, (1982) 4 Sopka observations compact was source UV than sufficient has intensity in Weak line compared the also 3' by Data is P.A. obtained the continuum the cooler in wavelength continuum coincident from association been the unresolved defined ionized ionized the associated obtained Herbig et symbiotic the reported jet; is JET evidence 1200 emission 29~3 It a/. double system continuum associated System a of spatial the and central confirmed and however, may with new indicated radio and P.A. the with suggest region. region. by (see R integrated less is UV-spec­ over with an emission the lines Aquarii 2000 source. signifi­ line. resolu­ region Sopka the dense unre­ with star. they flux The The this the the the by of It A C 1983ApJ...267L.103K shape complementary itself. nature peak and to flux scale FIG. © for the flux of The -15°30 (e.g., of American this !.-(lower) the jetlike to - - 0 0 0) LO "0 jetlike the spectrographic) synthesized the map maps, map 1 right. 00" 45" 55" 50" feature 6.57m PEAK CONTOUR PEAK 7,8,9, 60, feature are This morphology from shown The 70,80, Astronomical beam FLUX: FLUX= (B) are 6 Jy/BEAM ¢ double the em 10, are to farther approximately (see peak map LEVELS the 90,100 available. 20,30,40,50, shown -1, nature ~ text). left. shows flux to 0 2, the Note here The of 3, of IN structure NE R a 4, this 20~6 peak Society between %OF the the Aquarii 5, (1950.0) shows source 0 6, 1,/ unresolved '" same flux extending the some to of is <;1 (see the clearly the • CDRS q - 0 0) LO structure. "0 Provided jetlike peak nature 20~2 Table from resolved, and 45" 40" ~ 50" flux feature R of 1). the Aquarii (upper) of the Caution R 0 the but by 0 0 falls nearby Aquarii 196" I I -~ 1 stronger I' each along I ,_, ' /\ This I I I the along o' I •,1 t " \ I is ,,.., ... point component ) 1.407m CONTOUR PEAK 30,40, PEAK I environment ,, /1 6 I a advised NASA I em the position I I ,_ CDRS II I \} ~~ ' "• II ,,-\ I' " 0 ,, I ' / source I I superposed map (J FLUX= FLUX: a 14~4 50, Jy/BEAM in component. 1\ shows angle remains I, Astrophysics (1950.0) (A) until drawing LEVELS 60,70,80,100 0 't> -1 to of position the confirming () the 0, pointlike, - () 1} rl CDRS 29?3; The 1 conclusions NE IN 0, ._, /i 14~0 angle 0 ',) 'I integrated of %OF 20, 0 ,_, () contour .__, with i'""\ reflecting observations R 0 ! ,_ I I (1 '\ Data 0 line, , ._, I I Aquarii , " (':' / \ ., contour v I \ •"o I I I from I 0 I \,,_/ levels whose ,., \..) I ., ,,_, flux I ... 1\ .. I 0 I /) the System 0 { 0 I ,_1 .. and , any I 0 of of levels and approximate length the a R apparent different the Aquarii and CDRS is peak not its 1983ApJ...267L.103K lowed were Associated proper Science observation compact density Identical VLA. yielded with recent was period source. scale frequency emission dedicated R tional respectively, antenna tained 167 1982 The The 1 Aquarii The © employed which September a was used The American for Foundation. of optical flux of procedure N a data observations, position of a Fig. Calibration calibration approximate Fig. the pairs observing double lines the Universities, established tiona) 8 bandwidth the Jet RAquarii Weaker Nearby Stronger 3C 2345-167 3C B synthesized to were •Note dFiux cFiux a bTotal rAssumed 5.36 density to R hours The was of I, I, inclusive antenna were jet (feature 48 138 Aquarii each CDRS, CDRS R spectra at varied calibrate at (R. Radio I 26 Jy Aquarii under interleaved resulting ...... feature. that angle map used point ...... radio feature a 4885 least centered feature ratios for Sources: Source and edited error ratios II. Astronomical (Baars ...... and Fesen, .... this known object (I) B) Map: the map. Inc., flux. was Astronomy by configuration a centered of (feature using between OBSERVATIONS of ··············· R as 4 MHz Map: of 27, source CLEAN from fitted ...... source total on calibration from ...... array assuming the minutes ...... with the 50 Aquarii under (Baars the and the respectively, -1 et private on was with observations flux 2345-167 elliptical subtraction MHz. (A6 A) (see correlated a/. background forbidden ?64. 2345-167 Oh move calibration (CDRS), 0.2 2345-167 on Observatory contract of ... eta/. 12.5 beam 1977). text). observations em). was LST. the 3C was The The communication) procedures and R with Gaussian. OBSERVATIONAL time. 05 23 01 Society 1977); 23 23 23 23 23h4I.,;i4~270(1) CDRS and made 48 The Aquarii of relative with as The spacing of with 45 A 34 observations 41 41 41 41 18 followed field 11.1 0 amplitude all27 a(l950) were and the to the This single source; (2) is 2.5 flux observations 49.832 1':42 intermediate 20.548(3) 20.444(1) 27.687 II 16.532 14.493(7) 14.398(7) map flux contribution the to have the of all R operated km and to calibrator of made antennas were establish density minutes, observa­ and Aquarii. between NRAO • is National 3C density X R 3C 2345- maps more a which for Provided SUMMARY 0 1':04 48 time AQUARII flux and fol­ ob­ the on 48 III by of errors (see TABLE a than was of 1 -16 + +32 -15 -15 - -15 -15°33'42'.'76(1) R text). - OF the 16 15 Aquarii in 0.05 phase 8(1950) POSITIONS programs jetlike 47 issue. 5420.52 or opposite 35 30 30 level is I Aquarii relative which biguously predict position solved attendant comparable above. and and CLEANed amplitudes 33 33 R Figure Future this unresolved toward that 1982). sum by JET (3) 26.92 52. 40. resolved 51. 51. 37. R Aquarii mJy ultraviolet column of the and R integrated all Aquarii 66(2) 29(4) 23(10) 85(10) 59 within data the the Aquarii. per feature 1. Thus, The spectrographic but the the the five orientation toward AND angle NASA Astrophysics the The fluxes flux at beam. if reflect hot environment. III. nearby 6 into of and feature NE brightest does total to jetlike FLUXES a em distinct the the is presentation with R determined levels, DISCUSSION may source 9' near under Table the phases fluxes along two the known 4198(33)/4055(29) 3095(20)/3018(13) the maps Aquarii Integrated point CDRS VLA beam integrated display 5360fj5360f just feature (A integrated uncertainty NE be of pointlike R 11.793b the features 0.6J4C 4.034b.e 3.433d 7.746c we 1.926c 1.282c (mJy) background dominates I with the feature observations of (4) were in Aquarii. is the two site able to at is R the are is and the a by 29~3 Fig. Flux AND of readily some 6 Aquarii undergo (B no fitted compilation CDRS associated were transformed unable observed from flux em the the to radio in in the features, in a taper flux CONCLUSIONS I) P.A. Gaussians determining resolve Source peak Fig. maps (Hjellming Figure structure the the of CDRS. used. apparent. - Data source itself with in we to erratic features applied total line. the visible 2~'7 I) (1982 flux either determine morphology demonstrates with and 26-27 26-27 attribute 26-27 of Date which count The 1 is this flux CDRS (5) to respect 27 27 27 26 26 26 26 which System away The Moreover, at lie in largely the Sep) flux on outbursts it produce as light The and R of the mentioned a the calibrated important is along standard positions shown is statistics the 2.3 Aquarii. from curious map optical CDRS CDRS unam­ Basart to to of - Ll05 unre­ mJy side and 6'.' the the the the the the an in in R is 4 1983ApJ...267L.103K Ll06 em is ing ment Whitelock vailing resolution with resolved. sound for feature (cf. ejection Our curred cannot ejection occur other less eccentricity year previous believed Sopka proceed sent subdwarf (1950) fail for feature aration after disk. observations cool about Michalitsianos that this than system appearance to the 1981 - Baars, Herbig, The Present 1977, 2.9 - © be the to result the the than is has VLA ), Michalitsianos, material feature it an orbit Mira 4 According the suggest hand, J. American 1.2 fill x the although eta/. suspected speed, large. has velocity G. Astr. expansion times only at A determine electron B, in emergence cool W. ejection of velocity took not to at 10 the 1928-1935 periastron Its its is companion, X of 1980, case, observations or of VLA we if primary. expanded. et M., radio be 16 in Ap., - ensures the supercritical 10 Roche 1982). A beam - tidal (Kafatos the primary near the peak a/. that changed If its em more c place at find 4.5 44 Genzel, the 16 TAU s 1982). 2'!7 of was taking jet 61, a observations to outbursts - velocity, may temperatures earlier size, the 1982), orbit em from years features the or feature interaction shorter X if mid-1970s, periastron: rate size (feature this of that 99. 10 Astronomical radio However, Circular, away lobe recently The between that expelled outburst. orbital any encounter, 10 from Kafatos, R., be integrated We It i.e., feature to near and km a an were R over of 15 enable model, (Willson, it is 6 follows 1" distance by Pauliny-Toth, as binary mass fill morphologic from emission Aquarii vej, B: em point e rates our period was em. it R likely s- (Fig. Michalitsianos observed corresponds No. B) high ~ at eccentricity, perfectly ejected its approximately has Aquarii. periastron its maps 1 of 1970 of with owing between B. VLA roughly 0.85 least , such us is ejected in the transfer Feature the 3535. and distance corresponds out that and period at Roche radio which the as If elongated is Garnavich, of moved I). to supersonic, KAFATOS, the at jet star least the and is is of a not 7 map this mass that 300 obtain from feature R to 60-1800 29?3 Hobbs . I. I. form The Society factor in necessary formed Its circular. located jet one the flux 3-7 changes the Aquarii same the and can ruled accounts lobe, of interpretation A 1977. pc to 40 e, from the at the 4 K., dimensions (Kafatos transfer jet (Te the P.A. 1982). nearby binary Mira the emission of is, years times 6 lower an to a and a km occur could A - and Mira 1 to system and em. feature, lower velocity 1980; linear out the which during - where km R R system. Assuming HOLLIS, is 5 therefore, - system The accretion year have s- environ­ spatially Witzel, • in the and Aquarii for 10 Aquarii moving Merrill follow­ 6'.' On system farther Mattei spatial by for period s- would would in repre­ 1 Provided point order 4 • limit 4 high a sep­ pre­ at The and and 1 can REFERENCES hot ( K). oc­ are the are the the the the , we cf. its 44 or as If A is is if 6 AND ejecta, explaining in intensities in ing could material. nebula. rounds ulsion help be perhaps similar sodic system solved sponding (Kafatos facilitating find em- structure. CDRS from Greenstein are are ejected correct, accounts another, R Mrs. Puelo the terpreted spatial filamentary at and, to 10 10 Hjellming, MICHALITSIANOS by West NRAO If We At As both 15 46 Aquarii determine the quite moderate jet collinear. especially computer the 3 the that cm) concerning R. (nB/3 therefore, the present for the wish mass feature Virginia: next activity. would as their with confirm over successively the densities. the extent Perley jet could high. NASA 3 these Very we for and system. R. the The as operating Repeated upper of two ergs, makes appropriate our optical system. 1980; to the and nebula several M., X R a difference its transfer expect precession the kinetic Large excitation Michalitsianos the A grateful we thank wide be Taking systems. and NRAO), 10 Aquarii of morphology observing observations be stars Continued and observed less where characteristic the our would limits CDRS, this 6 The Astrophysics The Michalitsianos kinematics this sufficient cannot the and accounted Array, Drs. that cm- However, Basart, every years variety high nearby the that energy Messrs. and observations are in kinetic an the energetics p. feature suggestion. radio to nB or in be surrounds to 3 We P. array for of temperatures, )(ve/700 5-9. spatial ed. the optical the session. electron few tidal presently less J.P. in Mr. unambiguously closest with position Palmer and monitoring - the of point the of of R. appreciate will to jet the K. 1982). order suggest of energy it 1/30 years suspected for and 1982, wavelengths H. material lens-shaped respectively. feature kinetic M. interaction RB is the the system maintain Clark, B, various resolution and be and involved known jet source in G. density curious and provided Data the Hjellming, for km and in that to are Future angles nebulosity from The undertaken receding outer of radio Kafatos this An D. material (Wallerstein R determine sundry of R. 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