Molecular Gas Around the Binary Star R Aquarii
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The Astronomical Garden of Venus and Mars-NG915: the Pivotal Role Of
The astronomical garden of Venus and Mars - NG915 : the pivotal role of Astronomy in dating and deciphering Botticelli’s masterpiece Mariateresa Crosta Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF- OATo), Via Osservatorio 20, Pino Torinese -10025, TO, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This essay demonstrates the key role of Astronomy in the Botticelli Venus and Mars-NG915 painting, to date only very partially understood. Worthwhile coin- cidences among the principles of the Ficinian philosophy, the historical characters involved and the compositional elements of the painting, show how the astronomi- cal knowledge of that time strongly influenced this masterpiece. First, Astronomy provides its precise dating since the artist used the astronomical ephemerides of his time, albeit preserving a mythological meaning, and a clue for Botticelli’s signature. Second, it allows the correlation among Botticelli’s creative intention, the historical facts and the astronomical phenomena such as the heliacal rising of the planet Venus in conjunction with the Aquarius constellation dating back to the earliest represen- tations of Venus in Mesopotamian culture. This work not only bears a significant value for the history of science and art, but, in the current era of three-dimensional mapping of billion stars about to be delivered by Gaia, states the role of astro- nomical heritage in Western culture. Finally, following the same method, a precise astronomical dating for the famous Primavera painting is suggested. Keywords: History of Astronomy, Science and Philosophy, Renaissance Art, Educa- tion. Introduction Since its acquisition by London’s National Gallery on June 1874, the painting Venus and Mars by Botticelli, cataloged as NG915, has remained a mystery to be interpreted [1]1. -
Aquarius Aries Pisces Taurus
Zodiac Constellation Cards Aquarius Pisces January 21 – February 20 – February 19 March 20 Aries Taurus March 21 – April 21 – April 20 May 21 Zodiac Constellation Cards Gemini Cancer May 22 – June 22 – June 21 July 22 Leo Virgo July 23 – August 23 – August 22 September 23 Zodiac Constellation Cards Libra Scorpio September 24 – October 23 – October 22 November 22 Sagittarius Capricorn November 23 – December 23 – December 22 January 20 Zodiac Constellations There are 12 zodiac constellations that form a belt around the earth. This belt is considered special because it is where the sun, the moon, and the planets all move. The word zodiac means “circle of figures” or “circle of life”. As the earth revolves around the sun, different parts of the sky become visible. Each month, one of the 12 constellations show up above the horizon in the east and disappears below the horizon in the west. If you are born under a particular sign, the constellation it is named for can’t be seen at night. Instead, the sun is passing through it around that time of year making it a daytime constellation that you can’t see! Aquarius Aries Cancer Capricorn Gemini Leo January 21 – March 21 – June 22 – December 23 – May 22 – July 23 – February 19 April 20 July 22 January 20 June 21 August 22 Libra Pisces Sagittarius Scorpio Taurus Virgo September 24 – February 20 – November 23 – October 23 – April 21 – August 23 – October 22 March 20 December 22 November 22 May 21 September 23 1. Why is the belt that the constellations form around the earth special? 2. -
136, June 2008
British Astronomical Association VARIABLE STAR SECTION CIRCULAR No 136, June 2008 Contents Group Photograph, AAVSO/BAAVSS meeting ........................ inside front cover From the Director ............................................................................................... 1 Eclipsing Binary News ....................................................................................... 4 Experiments in the use of a DSLR camera for V photometry ............................ 5 Joint Meeting of the AAVSO and the BAAVSS ................................................. 8 Coordinated HST and Ground Campaigns on CVs ............................... 8 Eclipsing Binaries - Observational Challenges .................................................. 9 Peer to Peer Astronomy Education .................................................................. 10 AAVSO Acronyms De-mystified in Fifteen Minutes ...................................... 11 New Results on SW Sextantis Stars and Proposed Observing Campaign ........ 12 A Week in the Life of a Remote Observer ........................................................ 13 Finding Eclipsing Binaries in NSVS Data ......................................................... 13 British Variable Star Associations 1848-1908 .................................................. 14 “Chasing Rainbows” (The European Amateur Spectroscopy Scene) .............. 15 Long Term Monitoring and the Carbon Miras ................................................. 18 Cataclysmic Variables from Large Surveys: A Silent Revolution -
Variable Star Classification and Light Curves Manual
Variable Star Classification and Light Curves An AAVSO course for the Carolyn Hurless Online Institute for Continuing Education in Astronomy (CHOICE) This is copyrighted material meant only for official enrollees in this online course. Do not share this document with others. Please do not quote from it without prior permission from the AAVSO. Table of Contents Course Description and Requirements for Completion Chapter One- 1. Introduction . What are variable stars? . The first known variable stars 2. Variable Star Names . Constellation names . Greek letters (Bayer letters) . GCVS naming scheme . Other naming conventions . Naming variable star types 3. The Main Types of variability Extrinsic . Eclipsing . Rotating . Microlensing Intrinsic . Pulsating . Eruptive . Cataclysmic . X-Ray 4. The Variability Tree Chapter Two- 1. Rotating Variables . The Sun . BY Dra stars . RS CVn stars . Rotating ellipsoidal variables 2. Eclipsing Variables . EA . EB . EW . EP . Roche Lobes 1 Chapter Three- 1. Pulsating Variables . Classical Cepheids . Type II Cepheids . RV Tau stars . Delta Sct stars . RR Lyr stars . Miras . Semi-regular stars 2. Eruptive Variables . Young Stellar Objects . T Tau stars . FUOrs . EXOrs . UXOrs . UV Cet stars . Gamma Cas stars . S Dor stars . R CrB stars Chapter Four- 1. Cataclysmic Variables . Dwarf Novae . Novae . Recurrent Novae . Magnetic CVs . Symbiotic Variables . Supernovae 2. Other Variables . Gamma-Ray Bursters . Active Galactic Nuclei 2 Course Description and Requirements for Completion This course is an overview of the types of variable stars most commonly observed by AAVSO observers. We discuss the physical processes behind what makes each type variable and how this is demonstrated in their light curves. Variable star names and nomenclature are placed in a historical context to aid in understanding today’s classification scheme. -
Australia Telescope National Facility Annual Report 2002
Australia Telescope National Facility Australia Telescope National Facility Annual Report 2002 Annual Report 2002 © Australia Telescope National CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility Annual Report 2002 Facility ISSN 1038-9554 PO Box 76 Epping NSW 1710 This is the report of the Steering Australia Committee of the CSIRO Tel: +61 2 9372 4100 Australia Telescope National Facility for Fax: +61 2 9372 4310 the calendar year 2002. Parkes Observatory PO Box 276 Editor: Dr Jessica Chapman, Parkes NSW 2870 Australia Telescope National Facility Design and typesetting: Vicki Drazenovic, Australia Australia Telescope National Facility Tel: +61 2 6861 1700 Fax: +61 2 6861 1730 Printed and bound by Pirion Printers Pty Paul Wild Observatory Narrabri Cover image: Warm atomic hydrogen gas is a Locked Bag 194 major constituent of our Galaxy, but it is peppered Narrabri NSW 2390 with holes. This image, made with the Australia Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Parkes radio telescope, shows a structure called Tel: +61 2 6790 4000 GSH 277+00+36 that has a void in the atomic Fax: +61 2 6790 4090 hydrogen more than 2,000 light years across. It lies 21,000 light years from the Sun on the edge of the [email protected] Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm in the outer Milky Way. www.atnf.csiro.au The void was probably formed by winds and supernova explosions from about 300 massive stars over the course of several million years. It eventually grew so large that it broke out of the disk of the Galaxy, forming a “chimney”. GSH 277+00+36 is one of only a handful of chimneys known in the Milky Way and the only one known to have exploded out of both sides of the Galactic plane. -
Dust and Molecular Shells in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
A&A 545, A56 (2012) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201118150 & c ESO 2012 Astrophysics Dust and molecular shells in asymptotic giant branch stars,, Mid-infrared interferometric observations of R Aquilae, R Aquarii, R Hydrae, W Hydrae, and V Hydrae R. Zhao-Geisler1,2,†, A. Quirrenbach1, R. Köhler1,3, and B. Lopez4 1 Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Landessternwarte, Königstuhl 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Earth Sciences, 88 Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd, Wenshan District, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan, ROC 3 Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 4 Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis et Observatoire de la Cˆote d’Azur, BP 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France Received 26 September 2011 / Accepted 21 June 2012 ABSTRACT Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are one of the largest distributors of dust into the interstellar medium. However, the wind formation mechanism and dust condensation sequence leading to the observed high mass-loss rates have not yet been constrained well observationally, in particular for oxygen-rich AGB stars. Aims. The immediate objective in this work is to identify molecules and dust species which are present in the layers above the photosphere, and which have emission and absorption features in the mid-infrared (IR), causing the diameter to vary across the N-band, and are potentially relevant for the wind formation. Methods. Mid-IR (8–13 μm) interferometric data of four oxygen-rich AGB stars (R Aql, R Aqr, R Hya, and W Hya) and one carbon- rich AGB star (V Hya) were obtained with MIDI/VLTI between April 2007 and September 2009. -
Aperture Synthesis Imaging of the Carbon AGB Star R Sculptoris? Detection of a Complex Structure and a Dominating Spot on the Stellar Disk
A&A 601, A3 (2017) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201630214 & c ESO 2017 Astrophysics Aperture synthesis imaging of the carbon AGB star R Sculptoris? Detection of a complex structure and a dominating spot on the stellar disk M. Wittkowski1, K.-H. Hofmann2, S. Höfner3, J. B. Le Bouquin4, W. Nowotny5, C. Paladini6, J. Young7, J.-P. Berger4, M. Brunner5, I. de Gregorio-Monsalvo8; 9, K. Eriksson3, J. Hron5, E. M. L. Humphreys1, M. Lindqvist10, M. Maercker10, S. Mohamed11; 12; 13, H. Olofsson10, S. Ramstedt3, and G. Weigelt2 1 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden 4 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France 5 Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstraße 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria 6 Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium 7 Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK 8 Joint ALMA Office, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile 9 European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile 10 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 43992 Onsala, Sweden 11 South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa 12 Astronomy Department, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa 13 National Institute for Theoretical Physics, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa Received 7 December 2016 / Accepted 31 January 2017 ABSTRACT Aims. -
An Independent Distance Estimate to the AGB Star R Sculptoris M
A&A 611, A102 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732057 Astronomy & © ESO 2018 Astrophysics An independent distance estimate to the AGB star R Sculptoris M. Maercker1, M. Brunner2, M. Mecina2, and E. De Beck1 1 Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 43992 Onsala, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstr. 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria Received 6 October 2017 / Accepted 22 November 2017 ABSTRACT Context. Distance measurements to astronomical objects are essential for understanding their intrinsic properties. For asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars it is particularly difficult to derive accurate distance estimates. Period-luminosity relationships rely on the corre- lation of different physical properties of the stars, while the angular sizes and variability of AGB stars make parallax measurements inherently inaccurate. For the carbon AGB star R Sculptoris, the uncertain distance significantly affects the interpretation of observa- tions regarding the evolution of the stellar mass loss during and after the most recent thermal pulse. Aims. We aim to provide a new, independent measurement of the distance to R Sculptoris, reducing the absolute uncertainty of the distance estimate to this source. Methods. R Scl is a semi-regular pulsating star, surrounded by a thin shell of dust and gas created during a thermal pulse ≈2000 years ago. The stellar light is scattered by the dust particles in the shell at a radius of ≈1900. The variation in the stellar light affects the amount of dust-scattered light with the same period and amplitude ratio, but with a phase lag that depends on the absolute size of the shell. -
Planets and Exoplanets
NASE Publications Planets and exoplanets Planets and exoplanets Rosa M. Ros, Hans Deeg International Astronomical Union, Technical University of Catalonia (Spain), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and University of La Laguna (Spain) Summary This workshop provides a series of activities to compare the many observed properties (such as size, distances, orbital speeds and escape velocities) of the planets in our Solar System. Each section provides context to various planetary data tables by providing demonstrations or calculations to contrast the properties of the planets, giving the students a concrete sense for what the data mean. At present, several methods are used to find exoplanets, more or less indirectly. It has been possible to detect nearly 4000 planets, and about 500 systems with multiple planets. Objetives - Understand what the numerical values in the Solar Sytem summary data table mean. - Understand the main characteristics of extrasolar planetary systems by comparing their properties to the orbital system of Jupiter and its Galilean satellites. The Solar System By creating scale models of the Solar System, the students will compare the different planetary parameters. To perform these activities, we will use the data in Table 1. Planets Diameter (km) Distance to Sun (km) Sun 1 392 000 Mercury 4 878 57.9 106 Venus 12 180 108.3 106 Earth 12 756 149.7 106 Marte 6 760 228.1 106 Jupiter 142 800 778.7 106 Saturn 120 000 1 430.1 106 Uranus 50 000 2 876.5 106 Neptune 49 000 4 506.6 106 Table 1: Data of the Solar System bodies In all cases, the main goal of the model is to make the data understandable. -
GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution
GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy Special Publications No. 1 George Herbig in 1960 —————————————————————– GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution —————————————————————– Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 640 North Aohoku Place Hilo, HI 96720 USA . Dedicated to Hannelore Herbig c 2016 by Bo Reipurth Version 1.0 – April 19, 2016 Cover Image: The HH 24 complex in the Lynds 1630 cloud in Orion was discov- ered by Herbig and Kuhi in 1963. This near-infrared HST image shows several collimated Herbig-Haro jets emanating from an embedded multiple system of T Tauri stars. Courtesy Space Telescope Science Institute. This book can be referenced as follows: Reipurth, B. 2016, http://ifa.hawaii.edu/SP1 i FOREWORD I first learned about George Herbig’s work when I was a teenager. I grew up in Denmark in the 1950s, a time when Europe was healing the wounds after the ravages of the Second World War. Already at the age of 7 I had fallen in love with astronomy, but information was very hard to come by in those days, so I scraped together what I could, mainly relying on the local library. At some point I was introduced to the magazine Sky and Telescope, and soon invested my pocket money in a subscription. Every month I would sit at our dining room table with a dictionary and work my way through the latest issue. In one issue I read about Herbig-Haro objects, and I was completely mesmerized that these objects could be signposts of the formation of stars, and I dreamt about some day being able to contribute to this field of study. -
Observing List
day month year Epoch 2000 local clock time: 4.00 Observing List for 24 7 2019 RA DEC alt az Constellation object mag A mag B Separation description hr min deg min 60 75 Andromeda Gamma Andromedae (*266) 2.3 5.5 9.8 yellow & blue green double star 2 3.9 42 19 73 111 Andromeda Pi Andromedae 4.4 8.6 35.9 bright white & faint blue 0 36.9 33 43 72 71 Andromeda STF 79 (Struve) 6 7 7.8 bluish pair 1 0.1 44 42 58 80 Andromeda 59 Andromedae 6.5 7 16.6 neat pair, both greenish blue 2 10.9 39 2 89 34 Andromeda NGC 7662 (The Blue Snowball) planetary nebula, fairly bright & slightly elongated 23 25.9 42 32.1 75 84 Andromeda M31 (Andromeda Galaxy) large sprial arm galaxy like the Milky Way 0 42.7 41 16 75 85 Andromeda M32 satellite galaxy of Andromeda Galaxy 0 42.7 40 52 75 82 Andromeda M110 (NGC205) satellite galaxy of Andromeda Galaxy 0 40.4 41 41 60 84 Andromeda NGC752 large open cluster of 60 stars 1 57.8 37 41 57 73 Andromeda NGC891 edge on galaxy, needle-like in appearance 2 22.6 42 21 89 173 Andromeda NGC7640 elongated galaxy with mottled halo 23 22.1 40 51 82 10 Andromeda NGC7686 open cluster of 20 stars 23 30.2 49 8 47 200 Aquarius 55 Aquarii, Zeta 4.3 4.5 2.1 close, elegant pair of yellow stars 22 28.8 0 -1 35 181 Aquarius 94 Aquarii 5.3 7.3 12.7 pale rose & emerald 23 19.1 -13 28 30 173 Aquarius 107 Aquarii 5.7 6.7 6.6 yellow-white & bluish-white 23 46 -18 41 26 221 Aquarius M72 globular cluster 20 53.5 -12 32 27 220 Aquarius M73 Y-shaped asterism of 4 stars 20 59 -12 38 40 181 Aquarius NGC7606 Galaxy 23 19.1 -8 29 28 219 Aquarius NGC7009 -
The Tessmann Planetarium Guide to Exoplanets
The Tessmann Planetarium Guide to Exoplanets REVISED SPRING 2020 That is the big question we all have: Are we alone in the universe? Exoplanets confirm the suspicion that planets are not rare. -Neil deGrasse Tyson What is an Exoplanet? WHAT IS AN EXOPLANET? Before 1990, we had not yet discovered any planets outside of our solar system. We did not have the methods to discover these types of planets. But in the three decades since then, we have discovered at least 4158 confirmed planets outside of our system – and the count seems to be increasing almost every day. We call these worlds exoplanets. These worlds have been discovered with the help of new and powerful telescopes, on Earth and in space, including the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The Kepler Spacecraft (artist’s conception, below) and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) were specifically designed to hunt for new planets. Kepler discovered 2662 planets during its search. TESS has discovered 46 planets so far and has found over 1800 planet candidates. In Some Factoids: particular, TESS is looking for smaller, rocky exoplanets of nearby, bright stars. An earth-sized planet, TOI 700d, was discovered by TESS in January 2020. This planet is in its star’s Goldilocks or habitable zone. The planet is about 100 light years away, in the constellation of Dorado. According to NASA, we have discovered 4158 exoplanets in 3081 planetary systems. 696 systems have more than one planet. NASA recognizes another 5220 unconfirmed candidates for exoplanets. In 2020, a student at the University of British Columbia, named Michelle Kunimoto, discovered 17 new exoplanets, one of which is in the habitable zone of a star.