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The Present, the Past and the Future 4LIBERTY.EU REVIEW / NO. 1 / NO. REVIEW 4LIBERTY.EU LIBERTY.eu REVIEW / THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: THE PRESENT, THE PAST AND THE FUTURE THE PAST THE PRESENT, / THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: 4 NO.1 The Eastern Partnership: www.4liberty.eu the Present, the Past and the Future LIBERTY.eu 4 ...FREEDOM MATTERS 4liberty.eu is a network of several think tanks from CEE (Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania and Germany) and our partners from EaP countries. Our goals: to make the Central European perspective accessible to international audience, to be a reliable source of information on regional issues and the voice of region. Our authors are experts, intellectuals and researchers. We publish high quality analyses, polemics and articles exclusively in English, building bridges between nations to help in better understanding between experts from particular countries. Webportal 4liberty.eu is designed to become a platform where experts and intellectuals representing liberal environment from Central and Eastern Europe can share their opinions and ideas. Coordinator of “4liberty.eu Review” No. 1 Olga Łabendowicz Publisher Industrial Foundation (Piotrkowska Street 102, 90-004 Lodz) Błażej Lenkowski – President of the Board, Leszek Jażdżewski – Vice-President of the Board, Kamil Janiszewski – Secretary, Filip Miłoszewski, Rafał Szkudlarek In cooperation with Supported by Website www.4liberty.eu Proofreading Olga Łabendowicz Translation Olga Łabendowicz, Marzena Szymańska Photos Photos printed in the issue were taken during various meetings of 4liberty.eu network. By Václav Bacovský, Václav Holič and Sascha Baumann. Layout Quality Pixels s.c. 6 Sierpnia Street 14, 90-416 Lodz www.qualitypixels.pl Ewa Maciejewska Cover design Łukasz Domiza (Quality Pixels) Print Drukarnia Poldruk s.c. Józef Grzywa, Marek Kawka Wroclawska Street 39a, 58-309 Walbrzych From the editors The Troubled Waters around the Safe Shores of the European Union European Union – one of the most magnificent ideas of the modern-day Old Continent for promoting democracy, prosperity, economic cooperation, rule of law and human rights – has recently entered troubled waters. Russian annexation of Crimea, and Ukrainian crisis in general, Belarusian and Azerbaijani violations of human rights, the issues of Transnistria, Gaugazia and Balti in Moldova, among others, have posed a serious problem for an idealistic in nature EU, which has to very quickly figure out how its stance towards those matters shall be reflected in action. So that EU does not turn out to be only an alluring illusion. It is no longer enough to find a safe harbour on the sea of authoritarian propaganda of Rus- sia. European Union has to stand up to the danger and show that it is not only about mere words but action. The future of the countries of the Eastern Partnership lays in our hands, in the hands of the European Union. Recently, it became obvious that a peaceful Europe is not given once and for all. That we, the Europeans, must be prepared to protect and fight for the values we believe in. Values which constitute our European identity – despite the fact that the notion of a European patriot still remains only a dream that does not necessarily came true, at least so far. Eastern Partnership, unfortunately, served as a fuse to Russian imperialistic ambitions. It awoke Vladimir Putin’s desire to reinstate its partially lost with the collapse of the Soviet Un- ion power and sphere of influence in the region. And it seems that Ukraine is simply a boat beating against two completely opposite currents. Let’s just hope that the European current will be stronger and that, with some time, Ukraine will safely reach the shores of the EU. We have the pleasure to present you the first print issue of 4liberty.eu Review – a collec- tion of articles written by experts and human rights activists from member states of the European Union and the Eastern Partnership. We believe that such an overview is the best possible way to understand how the past, the present and the future of those two projects was, is and will be shaping up. Enjoy your reading, Olga Łabendowicz Coordinator of 4liberty.eu network Contents VALUES / 004 LIBERAL INSTITUTE / A EUROPE OF FREEDOM FOR AND BY ITS PEOPLE / 004 ANDREI SANNIKOV / IT’S ALL ABOUT VALUES / 014 HOW TO ESTABLISH A EUROPEAN PUBLIC OPINION AND A EUROPEAN SOCIETY? / 026 EASTERN PARTNERSHIP / 038 BŁAŻEJ LENKOWSKI / THE COLD WAR AND THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP / 038 KATERYNA PISHCHIKOVA, OLESIA OGRYZKO / CIVIC AWAKENING: THE IMPACT OF EUROMAIDAN ON UKRAINE’S POLITICS AND SOCIETY / 046 MÁTÉ HAJBA / THE KREMLIN CONNECTION / 068 YAVOR ALEKSIEV / THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP AT CROSSROADS: DEFINING THE FUTURE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EU AND EAP COUNTRIES / 081 PAVEL DANEK / BELARUSIAN POLITICS TOWARDS UKRAINE AND ITS RELATIONS WITH THE EU ON THE BACK OF PRESSURE FROM MOSCOW / 090 BORBÁLA PÁL / A FERRY BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE WEST: EXAMPLES OF THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES FOR UKRAINE / 102 TUDOR COJOCARIU / MOLDOVA BETWEEN THE SOVIET WAYS AND THE EUROPEAN PATH / 114 PARVIN GULIYEV / THE IMPACT OF THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS ON THE FOREIGN POLICY OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC / 128 MARTIN REGULI / EASTERN PARTNERSHIP IN CONTEXT OF THE WIDER EUROPEAN “FOREIGN POLICY“ / 140 ECONOMY / 148 IRYNA KOSSE / ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND UKRAINE / 148 ALEŠ ROD / FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS / 160 ANŽE BURGER / ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE WEAK RULE OF LAW IN SLOVENIA / 172 JAN DINGA, RADOVAN DURANA / ROMA AND SOCIAL BENEFITS: DO ROMA CITIZENS REPRESENT A PROBLEM FOR SLOVAK PUBLIC FINANCES? / 184 MAREK TATAŁA / PENSION SYSTEM REFORM AND REFORM REVERSAL: THE POLISH LESSON / 196 006 Values A Europe of Freedom For and By Its People LIBERAL INSTITUTE Values 007 he process of European uni- most of their own potential. This is done by fication was one of the great building an institutional framework, based political achievements of the on liberty, that encapsulates the essential 20th century. It gave Europeans aspects of an open and pluralistic society: - and with it, Germans - free- the rule of law, protection of fundamental Tdom, peace, and prosperity. human rights, as well as democracy and free markets. It continues to be the aim of a liberal Eu- rope to ensure freedom in politics, econ- Worldwide, people continue to strive for omy, and society, to safeguard peace and freedom. But the value system of liberal boost prosperity, and to give young people democracies and free markets is facing in- in particular a vision of Europe where they creasing pressure to legitimise itself. Liberals can live, learn, study, work and travel as they can only address this challenge by provid- please, without having to contend with in- ing responses to today’s great global issues. ternal borders. In these times, such answers are needed more than ever. As Europeans we are experiencing the great benefits that liberty brings. Free and peaceful interactions in a flourishing do- mestic market have brought us unparalleled WORLDWIDE, wealth. In times of rapid globalisation the PEOPLE CONTINUE European Union helps to secure freedom, peace, and prosperity in Europe. But this TO STRIVE FOR process of integration is risky and, for some, threatening. FREEDOM. BUT Decisions are being increasingly central- THE VALUE SYSTEM ised. Decision-makers are becoming fur- ther and further distanced from citizens. OF LIBERAL And there is a lack of clarity about the po- litical level at which responsibilities should DEMOCRACIES AND be assigned, based on the principle of FREE MARKETS IS subsidiarity. FACING INCREASING These developments, and the question of how the various organs of the EU are PRESSURE TO politically legitimated, place at risk the ac- ceptance of the integration process. The LEGITIMISE ITSELF Euro crisis has exacerbated these under- lying problems and brought them to the fore, where everybody can see them. It is the responsibility of politicians to adhere Europe’s unification is a quintessentially to the rules and benchmarks they them- liberal project: liberals believe in the crea- selves have set. Otherwise citizens will tivity and strength of the individual and in lose their trust in the process of European giving people the opportunity to make the unification. 008 Values tainable progress. Building a sensible and binding system of rules that complies with the principles of democracy, the rule of law EUROPEAN and a social market economy requires clear INTEGRATION WILL assignment of responsibilities, democratic legitimation and supervision of institutions. ENDURE IF CITIZENS The idea of a unified Europe, capable of ef- SUPPORT IT. EVEN fective action, has to be revitalised in the face of these challenges. This is a vision for TODAY’S EU, WITH Europe as a federation of sovereign states, where matters which individual states or ITS 28 MEMBERS, their federal levels cannot decide on on their own are jointly decided, based on IS MUCH TOO a partial transfer of sovereign rights. HETEROGENEOUS Building this Europe is one of the great tasks TO INTEGRATE of the future. AT A SINGLE 1: PROMOTE EUROPEAN DIVERSITY: INTEGRATION AS AN OPEN PROCESS PACE. WE NEED What makes Europe special is a great diver- sity in a relatively small area. Its wealth of A PROCESS THAT history, languages, architecture, literature, music, painting and culinary traditions is ex- ACCOMMODATES traordinary. DIFFERENT SPEEDS This diversity deserves to be preserved. AND DEGREES OF The European identity is a kaleidoscope of historical and cultural linkages. All of these INTEGRATION facets are bound together by shared cul- tural and legal traditions, as well as values which have marked Europe’s history. In par- ticular, they include the medieval separa- Europe faces considerable challenges. The tion of worldly and spiritual authority, and causes of the Euro crisis have to be combat- of princely and corporate power, which ted effectively to make Europe more capa- evolved into the basis of the Western un- ble of action and to avert harm from its citi- derstanding of freedom, individualism and zens.
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