60 120 180

1 distal humeral condyles 2 medial epicondyle 3 proximal radial 4 anconeal process

Lab Ret study N=1018

. Normal . Affected . Total 688 (67.6%) . Total 330 (32.4%) . Male 230 (62.2%) . Male 140 (37.8%) . Female 458 (70.7%) . Female 190 (29.3%)

Affected dogs N=330

1affected site - 250 (75.7%) 2 affected sites - 68 (20.6%) 3 affected sites - 12 (3.6%) immature skeletal diseases

denis novak

technique for skeletal

tissue < 12 cm “non-grid” (“table-top”) technique “high detail” system radiation safety

diagnosis

X – rays examination

Ultrasound CT

bilateral lesions - clinical signs ? unilateral present > one type of lesion 2ry arthrosis Common – primary epiphyseal (articular/subchondral) lesion can heal or can progress

Osteochondritis dissecans – free articular fragment will progress

Arthrosis

Osteochondrosis talus / tarsus Lumbosacral OCD Lumbosacral OCD Inflammatory diseases

 Panosteitis – non infectious  Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) – perhaps infectious

- infectious

Panosteitis

New medullary Polyostotic Multiple lesions in one bone Symmetrical or nonsymmetrical Sclerotic pattern

B I L A T E R A L

periosteal new bone forms with chronicity Cross sections of a

different locations Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)

Dogs are systemically ill, febrile, anorectic, reluctant to walk

most will recover Radiographic changes of HOD

. Polyostotic . Metaphyseal . Symmetrical

. Changes of lesion  Early  Mid  Late lytic “plates” in acute case HOD - 4 m ret – lesions are present in all long - mid cuff of ossified tissue is separated from the bone as it forms - mid to late rapid progress of lesion Treatment: Supportive Medical TLC

Complicated cases can be fatal!

Osteonecrosis of the Legg Calve Perthes

Small breeds A developmental disorder Occurs 3-11 months of age Male = female Usualy unilateral disease

Radiographic changes LCP

Early stage Middle stage Later stage

the articular cartilage remains relatively intact

the cavity formation within the necrotic bone

Ulna growth

Trauma to distal growth plate Retained cartilage core Chondrodystrophic breeds abnormality Normal distal ulna

Normal - plate-like distal radial physis, inverted cone shaped distal ulna physis Retained cartilage core -Distal ulnar metaphysis remains cartilaginous Retained cartilage core

Lucent cone-shaped core Usually bilateral Can delay ulnar growth A cause of “radius curvus” Small no clinical importance

Error in growth of physeal plates idiopathic/traumatic

Delayed growth -entire or only part of the plate Growth can temporally stop Premature closure of plate Injury to entire or only part of the plate

Premature closure of distal ulna with ulnar shortening and secondary radial bowing Premature closure - ulna - 10 m GDD Premature closure of the distal radius with elbow subluxation Incongruity of elbow joint resulting from closure of distal radial growth plate Bone

Osteomyelitis Myelitis Bone infection hematogenous monostotic/polyostotic 2ndry infectious arthritis 2ndry puncture wound/surgery 2ndry to soft tissue infection Radiographic changes

Usually destructive Minimal cortical destruction More medullary destruction Fungal disease is more productive Reactive new bone forms Usually with a pattern and mature appearance may form + other diseases...

transitional vertebrae patella luxation malformation metabolic

... transitional lumbosacral vertebrae patellar luxation congenital

“Life is movement and movement is life”