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The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC. -
Ancient Egyptian Chronology.Pdf
Ancient Egyptian Chronology HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES SECTION ONE THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST Ancient Near East Editor-in-Chief W. H. van Soldt Editors G. Beckman • C. Leitz • B. A. Levine P. Michalowski • P. Miglus Middle East R. S. O’Fahey • C. H. M. Versteegh VOLUME EIGHTY-THREE Ancient Egyptian Chronology Edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, and David A. Warburton BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2006 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ancient Egyptian chronology / edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, and David A. Warburton; with the assistance of Marianne Eaton-Krauss. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East ; v. 83) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-90-04-11385-5 ISBN-10: 90-04-11385-1 1. Egypt—History—To 332 B.C.—Chronology. 2. Chronology, Egyptian. 3. Egypt—Antiquities. I. Hornung, Erik. II. Krauss, Rolf. III. Warburton, David. IV. Eaton-Krauss, Marianne. DT83.A6564 2006 932.002'02—dc22 2006049915 ISSN 0169-9423 ISBN-10 90 04 11385 1 ISBN-13 978 90 04 11385 5 © Copyright 2006 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Περίληψη : Darius I Was King of the Persian Empire from 522/521 to 486/485 BC
IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Νούτσου Μαρίνα Μετάφραση : Βελέντζας Γεώργιος (18/7/2005) Για παραπομπή : Νούτσου Μαρίνα , "Darius I", 2005, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=6771> Περίληψη : Darius I was king of the Persian Empire from 522/521 to 486/485 BC. He expanded the boundaries of the Persian Empire, reorganized the administration into satrapies and created a detailed financial system for the administration of the country's resources. He squashed the Ionian Revolt and campaigned against Scythia and Greece. He supported the development of the arts and architecture. Άλλα Ονόματα Darajava(h)us, Darjawes, Dareiaios, Dareian, King of the Peoples, King of the Kings, Great King, Great Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης 550-549 BC (approximately) Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου 486/485 BC Κύρια Ιδιότητα Official at the royal court, King of the Persian Empire 1. Birth-Family Darius I was the King of the Persian Empire from 522/521 until 486/485 BC. His name means ‘he who has the power’or ‘he who maintains the good’.1 Ancient sources do not mention the year he was born. However, this is estimated circa 550-549 BC, according to information from Herodotus2, who says that Darius I was approximately 20 years old when King Cyrus II was killed, which happened between 530 and 529 BC. There is more information about his origins.3 He was the eldest son of Hystaspes, descendant of Ariaramnes of the Persian dynasty of the Achaemenids. Darius’father was an officer by Cyrus II, whom he followed in the campaign against the Massagetai. -
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F. -
13905 Monday MARCH 15, 2021 Esfand 25, 1399 Sha’Aban 1, 1442
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13905 Monday MARCH 15, 2021 Esfand 25, 1399 Sha’aban 1, 1442 Pompeo admits Trump Iran takes two gold COVID-19 inflicts $1.1 Iranology Foundation to admin failed to bring Iran medals at Karate-1 billion in losses on host intl. conference on to negotiating table Page 2 Premier League Page 3 Isfahan tourism Page 6 Persian poet Nezami Page 8 Rouhani inaugurates 2nd, 3rd phases Russia can play constructive role of Persian Gulf water transfer project TEHRAN – Iranian President Hassan Rou- experts and engineers from the private hani on Sunday ordered the beginning of sector and will transform the central and the second and third phases of Iran’s major eastern plateaus of the country. in bringing JCPOA back to life water desalination and transfer project which The project aims to promote production, See page 3 is aimed at supplying Persian Gulf water to industry, and agriculture, as well as provide central and eastern Iran through pipelines. drinkable water to residents in arid areas. This project, which is aimed at elimi- Maintaining the country’s food security nating poverty and balanced development and creating new job opportunities and of the country’s central regions, is going to also maintaining the already existing jobs be implemented with a total investment of in industrial and production units are also 1.28 quadrillion rials (about $30.47 billion). -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
The Chronology of Ezra 7
THE CHRONOLOGY OF EZRA 7 A REPORT OF THE HISTORICAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE OF THE GENERAL CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS 1953 Prepared for the Committee by SIEGFRIED H. HORN, Ph.D. Professor of Archeology Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary and LYNN H. WOOD, Ph.D. Sometime Professor of Archeology Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Review and Herald Publishing Association Washington, D.C. Preface SOME YEARS ago the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists set up a committee, later called the Historical Research Committee, to study certain problems of historical dating that relate to prophetic periods, and to engage in scientific research where it seemed necessary. One of the problems studied by the committee was the date for the seventh year of Artaxerxes. The evidence secured, as set forth in the following study, furnishes indisputable proof that the date accepted by the early pioneers of the Advent message was accurate from a scientific as well as from a Biblical viewpoint. Since the committee members were occupied with regular denominational responsibilities, the work was necessarily carried on intermittently, with intensive work done by a few from time to time. Special tribute should be paid to Lynn H. Wood, a charter member of the committee, who has done most of the basic research on the problems involved in this report. He has contributed very important principles and calculations, and has indicated the direction the research should take and the probable methods by which the solutions might be found. Grace E. Amadon, who passed away in 1945, contributed also to the early studies, especially in Jewish calendars. -
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC Submitted by Jack James Willoughby, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics, September 2018. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………… Page 1 of 181 Abstract This thesis aims to determine how and why Rome undertook a series of interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC. The thesis is based on a detailed examination and consideration of the ancient written sources and the subsequent historiography on the subject. The Roman interventions in Illyria during this period have traditionally been treated as a component of wider studies of Roman expansion, although Rome’s involvement in Illyria has recently been examined by Dzino in his 2010 work Illyricum in Roman Politics 229BC-AD68. This work examined the development and integration of Illyricum in Roman political discourse, in which the Roman interventions were a smaller component in the broader study. A study of the Roman interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC has never previously been treated on this scale, nor effectively with a synthesis of the various approaches and pieces of evidence that are now available. -
Identity Theft 4 Pentecost (Late May)
Minutes With Messiah Volume 10, Issue 2 Web Site: http://www.minuteswithmessiah. com December 2008 An Age-Old Argument Birthdays are important to many people. The about the first day of the feast of Tabernacles. (John anniversary of the day or our birth has significance to us conceived in May; six months later is Hanukkah in because it gives us a feeling of significance. I was born on December; nine months after that is September/October October 6, so I am of a select group of people, roughly and Tabernacles.) That is very good, assuming the events 1/365th of the population born on that day. We even in Luke 1 take place during the first course of Abijah. sometimes try to determine if any famous people were But what if John was conceived after the second born on the same day. In my case that includes the course of Abijah? That takes place in the week before inventor of the air brake, George Westinghouse; explorer Hanukkah (our December). Then John, rather than Jesus Thor Heyerdahl; football coach Tony Dungy; actresses would have been conceived on or about Hanukkah. Jesus Carole Lombard and Janet Gaynor; and architect Le would then, by our assumption, have been conceived Corbusier. More importantly to me, my granddaughter approximately six months later, in the month of Sivan, was born on my birthday. shortly after Pentecost. Jesus would then be born nine For some reason some people find it important to months later, in the month of Adar. That doesn’t make as determine the date Jesus was born. -
Joshua's Long Day - Skip to the Long Version Joshua 10
Joshua's Long Day - Skip to the Long Version Joshua 10 10:12 "Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, sun stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, moon upon Ajalon. 10:13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down a whole day. 10:14 And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel." NASA states on their web site: "According to the laws of physics, there are only two possible explanations for having the Sun stand still in the sky for a day: (1) the Earth would essentially have to stop spinning on its axis...for which there is no evidence. - or- (2) the Sun would have to start moving about in the solar system in a very specific way so that it appeared to us on our spinning Earth to be standing still. There is no evidence of this occurring either." The Sun standing still at noon for Joshua for a day may have been produced by God moving the Sun around the Earth. The history and the working model are given here. God may have moved the sun around the earth with earth's rotation to make the sun stand still in the sky. -
Unit 5: Holidays and Observances
Unit 5: Holidays and Observances Unit 5: Holidays and Observances Objectives At the end of this unit, you will Be aware of the following · Impact of holidays on tactical operations · Solar/lunar calendar differences · Common Era abbreviations · Muslim calendar distinctions · Jewish calendar distinctions · Two high holy days of Judaism · Passover’s importance for Jewish faithful · Eastern Orthodox Christian calendar distinctions · Four important Muslim holidays · Importance of Friday as the day of Muslim communal prayers · For Orthodox Eastern Christians, the Easter season is the focus of church year celebration · Festivals and home celebrations for Jewish, Russian Orthodox and Muslim peoples Identify · Solar/lunar; Julian/Gregorian calendars · Christmas, Easter, Epiphany · C.E., B.C.E., A.H., Ramadan, muezzin · Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pesah · Hijra, Ashura, Isaac · Shia, Sunni, imam, zakut · Lent, Pascha, Pentecost, Theotokos, chrismation · Ash Wednesday, confirmation, Ascension · Mawlid al-Nabiy, ‘Id al-Fitr, Id al-Adha · Epiphany 221 Unit 5: Holidays and Observances Realize · Julian calendar influence in Orthodox Eastern Christianity · Reasons for variation of Easter date each year · Importance of events in the life of Mary (Theotokos) in the church calendar of Orthodox Eastern Christians 222 Unit 5: Holidays and Observances Unit 5: Holidays and Observances “You’d better understand the environment, the culture, because what may make sense to you may not make sense on the ground and may actually be counterproductive.” -- General Zinni, CENTCOM Commander, 27 Dec 1998 I. Introduction Knowledge of key holidays and observances contributes to sensitivity and awareness of Middle East culture. In addition, tactical operations also may be directly affected as a result of religious holidays and events. -
Post-Exilic Timeline
Post-Exilic Timeline Cyrus II: 559-530 BC th October 12 , 539 BC- Babylon falls to Medo-Persian forces led by General Ugbaru (Daniel 5-6) th October 29 , 539 BC- Cyrus II enters city of Babylon, and appoints Ugbaru as king of the region th November 6 , 539 BC- Ugbaru dies. (There is a question as to whether Ugbaru was Darius the Mede in Daniel 5:31, or whether Darius was his successor) 538 BC- Edict of Cyrus II (2 Chronicles 36:22-23/ Ezra 1:1-2) First return of God’s chosen people led by Zerubbabel 537-536 BC- Altar is rebuilt and Temple foundation is laid in Jerusalem 536-530 BC- The Temple rebuild is stalled due to local opposition Cambyses II: 530-522 BC 530-522 BC- Temple work remains halted due to local opposition (Ezra 4:1-5) 522 BC- Cambyses II commits suicide, and his brother Bardiya is murdered by the Megistanes Gaumata: 522 BC 522 BC- The Megistanes (aka the Magi) place one of their own- Gaumata- on the throne. He is only king for a few months before he is assassinated by Darius Hystaspes. 521 BC- Darius Hsystaspes eliminates all opposition and consolidates power for himself Darius Hystaspes: 521-486 BC 520 BC- Darius receives a letter from Tattenai, governor of the region that includes Palestine, asking for a continuation of the policy to keep the Temple from being rebuilt (Ezra 5:6- 6:12) st September 1 , 520 BC- Haggai’s first prophecy (Haggai 1:1-11) th September 24 , 520 BC- Zerubbabel and returning Jews resume work on Temple (Haggai 1:12-15/ Ezra 5:1-5) th October 17 , 520 BC- Haggai’s second prophecy (Haggai 2:1-9) November, 520 BC- Zechariah’s first prophecy (Zechariah 1:1- 1:6) th December 18 , 520 BC- Haggai’s third and fourth prophecies (Haggai 2:10-19/2:20- 23) th February 15 , 519 BC- Zechariah’s second prophecy (Zechariah 1:7- 6:15) th December 7 , 518 BC- Zechariah’s third prophecy (Zechariah 7:1- 13:21) 515 BC- Temple rebuild is completed.