DOCSLIB.ORG

A Translation with Introduction to a SUMMARY of ELENCTIC THEOLOGY by LEONARD RIJSSEN by J. Wesley White a Thesis Submitted To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Translation with Introduction to a SUMMARY of ELENCTIC THEOLOGY by LEONARD RIJSSEN by J. Wesley White a Thesis Submitted To A Translation with Introduction to A SUMMARY OF ELENCTIC THEOLOGY BY LEONARD RIJSSEN by J. Wesley White A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of GREENVILLE PRESBYTERIAN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Theology April 2009 Faculty Advisor: C. N. Willborn, PhD Second Faculty Reader: P. John Carrick, DMin Academic Dean: Benjamin Shaw, PhD Table of Contents Introduction iii Chapter 1 – Theology 1 Chapter 2 – Holy Scripture 8 Chapter 3 – God 28 Chapter 4 – The Trinity 45 Chapter 5 – God’s Decree 52 Chapter 6 – Predestination 58 Chapter 7 – Creation 66 Chapter 8 – God’s Providence 77 Chapter 9 – The Law, the Fall, and Sin 82 Chapter 10 – The Covenant of Grace 100 Chapter 11 – Christ 111 Chapter 12 – Christ’s Offices 127 Chapter 13 – Conversion and Faith 144 Chapter 14 – Justification 159 Chapter 15 – The Decalogue and Good Works 170 Chapter 16 – The Church 197 Chapter 17 – The Sacraments 222 Chapter 18 – Last Things 242 Bibliography 254 ii Introduction Leonard Rijssen (1636?-1700?)1 was a prominent Reformed Pastor and theologian who was active in the controversies of the seventeenth century theological scene in the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. He also labored to provide summaries of theological positions for the use of Pastors and students. In Rijssen’s work A Complete Summary of Elenctic Theology and of as much Didactic Theology as is necessary (hereafter SET ), 2 we have an example of the type of work he did and a window into the seventeenth century Reformed world. In this introductory essay we wish to provide some of the background that Rijssen would have assumed in all those who read this work in the seventeenth century. The three words of the title provide the three major themes for this background study. Its theology is that of reformed orthodoxy. Its summary character provides an example of scholasticism. Its elenctic approach indicates the challenges and difficulties that Reformed theologians faced in the seventeenth century in defending their positions against many powerful opponents. After this discussion, we will look briefly at Rijssen’s life and works and then draw some conclusions from the SET and suggest its usefulness for our own day. 1 Also known as Rijssenius, Van Rijssen, Van Ryssen, Ryssen, Ryssenius, Van Riissen, Riissen, or Riissenius. In Dutch works, he is most commonly found in the index under Ryssen or Ryssenius. 2 Leonardus Rijssenius, Summa Theologiae Elencticae (Edinburgh: George Morman, 1992). iii Part 1 - Its Theology – Reformed Orthodoxy The History of Reformed Orthodoxy Though Rijssen does not use the word “orthodox” in the SET , he is clearly defending a body of Reformed orthodoxy. 3 Orthodoxy comes from Greek and means “right teaching.” The Reformed Church held to a specific doctrinal content that defined their Church and teaching over against Rome, Lutheranism, and the Radical Reformation. It is important to understand that when we refer to orthodoxy we are referring to doctrinal content and not to a method of doing theology. 4 The development of the Reformed branch of the Protestant Church begins with Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531) and his differences with Martin Luther. 5 Zwingli labored in Zürich, and for this reason Switzerland became the center of the Reformed Churches. This became especially true under the work of Zwingli’s successor, Henry Bullinger, and the Reformed theologian of Geneva, John Calvin. From Switzerland, the Reformed Church spread to France, Scotland, England, the Netherlands, Germany, and elsewhere. 3 This is a word that was used by the Reformed theologians of the age. Turretin makes use of it in his Institutio and the word is found in Rijssen’s summary of Turretin’s work, on which see below, pp. l-lii. 4 See the same point in W.J. van Asselt, P.L. Rouwendal, et al., Inleiding in de Gereformeerde Scholastiek (Zoetermeer: Boekencentrum, 1998), 13-14 and Richard A. Muller, Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, Vol. 1: Prolegomena to Theology (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2003), 33-4. 5 See below on the Lutherans, pp. xxxvi-xxxviii. iv The era of Reformed orthodoxy extends roughly from 1560-1790. 6 It may be divided into the three eras of early (1560-1620), high (1620- 1700), and late orthodoxy (1700-1790). The 1560s were very significant for the Reformed. First, the Council of Trent was completed in 1563, which indicated Rome’s definitive rejection of the Reformation. Second, most of the Reformed Churches adopted confessions articulating their doctrinal positions in that decade: France (1559), Scotland (1560), the Netherlands (1561), Germany (1563), and Switzerland (1566). In the context of this orthodox consensus, many theologians labored to consolidate the gains of the Reformation and adapt them to the institutional contexts of national Churches and universities as well as making use of the Catholic tradition (the Medieval theologians and the Church Fathers) in a way that was adapted to the central concerns of the Reformation. We can see this work in men like Bartholmeus Keckermann (1571-1609), 7 Johann Henrich Alsted (1588-1638), 8 6 See also Muller’s discussion in Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, 1:30-32. I am following the timeline set forth by Asselt and Rouwnedal in Inleiding in part for reason of simplicity. Their discussion of each of these time periods also provides a very helpful summary (see 91-162). 7 Joseph S. Freedman, “The Career and Writings of Batholomew Keckermann” in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 141 (1997):305-364. 8 Howard Hotson, Johann Heinrich Alsted, 1588-1638: Between Renaissance, Reformation, and Universal Reform (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000). v Lambert Daneau (1530-1595), 9 William Perkins (1558-1602), 10 William Ames (1576-1633), 11 and Franciscus Junius (1545-1602). 12 To give an idea of the work of these men, we will consider briefly the work of Franciscus Junius, a leader of the Dutch Reformation. He became a Pastor of a Walloon congregation in 1565, but he fled in 1567 because of the Spanish persecution. In 1573 he went to Heidelberg to work on a translation of the Old Testament. In 1582, he went to Neustadt to serve as a professor and then back to Heidelberg in 1584. He finally returned to Holland in 1592 to serve as a professor at the University of Leyden where he died in 1602. His writings are typical of the work that these men did. He wrote Sacrorum parallelorum libri III (1585), a discussion of the New Testament’s use of the Old; a Hebrew grammar (1580); commentaries on many of the books of the Old 9 On Lambert Daneau, see the excellent book by Olivier Fatio, Methode et Théologie. Lambert Daneau et les débuts de la scholastique reformée (Genevea: Droz, 1976), and Ibid. Nihil Pulchrius Ordine: Contribution de l’Établissement de la Discipline Écclesiastique aux Pays-Bas ou Lambert Daneau aux Pays-Bas (Leiden: Brill, 1971). There is also an older work that focuses more on bibliography, Paul de Félice, Lambert Daneau de Baugency-sur-Loire : Pasteur et professeur en théologie (1530-1594) (Paris: G. Fischbacher, 1882). 10 Donald McKim, Ramism in William Perkins’ Theology (New York: Peter Lang, 1987). 11 Keith L. Sprunger, The Learned Doctor William Ames (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1972). 12 D. Franciscus Junius, Opuscula Theologica Selecta , ed. Abraham Kuyper (Amsterdam: Frederic Muller and Joannes Hermann Kruyt, 1882). Kuyper also has a preface with a description of his life. See also J. Reitsma, Franciscus Junius (Groningen: J. B. Huber, 1864). vi Testament; Animadversiones (1600), a book against Robert Bellarmine; 13 Ecclesaistici, sive de natura et administrationibus Ecclesiae Dei, libri III (1581, 1596), an influential book on Church government; a new translation of the Old Testament into Latin (published in many editions beginning in 1575) with Emanuel Tremellius (1510-1580); as well as various philological and historical works. 14 From this small sample of Junius’ works, we can see how these men attempted to take all of the intellectual elements of the Christian tradition from Church organization to translation of the Bible to comments on the Bible and recast them in light of the work of the Reformation. 15 The second major era of Reformed orthodoxy is the era of high orthodoxy from 1620-1700. The beginning of this era is marked by the completion of the Synod of Dort which brought about a clearer definition of Reformed orthodoxy. As J.I. Good remarks, “The canons of Dort had very much the same effect on the Reformed Church that the Formula of Concord had on the Lutheran Church. They crystallized its theology and brought out most clearly its definitions and logical relations.” 16 It is toward the end of this period that Rijssen wrote his SET , and it is 13 On Robert Bellarmine, see below on the section on Rome, xxx-xxxv. 14 See Kuyper’s list in Junius, Opuscula , pp. xii-xvi. 15 See Fatio, Methode et Théologie . 16 James I. Good, The Origin of the Reformed Churches in Germany (1520-1620) (Electronic Version: The Synod of the Reformed Churches of the United States, 2004), 364. vii illustrative of this period. As Richard Muller notes, “In the high orthodox period, beginning in the 1640s with thinkers like Cloppenburg, Hoornbeeck, and Wendelin, the polemical or controversial element begins to pervade all the loci.” 17 He notes that these writers expanded on the propositions of the earlier theologians by adding controversies and extended discussions of these doctrines. Rijssen provides an excellent example of this, as Muller also notes: “This appears quite clearly in Rijssen’s Summa theologiae , wherein doctrine is stated in neatly numbered propositions between which the related controversies are argued and resolved.” 18 This came about not because the Reformed were particularly fond of fighting but more because of the intense struggle that had to be waged against determined and able opponents of Reformed doctrine in the Socinian, Remonstrant, Lutheran, and Romanist camps, as we shall see below.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Historical Origins of the Heidelberg Catechism
    Acta Theologica 2014 Suppl 20: 16-34 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/actat.v20i1.2S ISSN 1015-8758 © UV/UFS <http://www.ufs.ac.za/ActaTheologica> C. Strohm ON THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM ABSTRACT Reflection on the origins of the Heidelberg Catechism reveals it to be a document of understanding between Calvinistic-Reformed, Zwinglian and Lutheran-Philippistic tendencies within Protestantism. One important reason for the success of the Heidelberg Catechism was the fact that each one of these groups appreciated the Catechism. At the same time it clearly distances itself from Tridentine Catholicism and from the Gnesio-Lutheran variant of Lutheranism. This occurs mainly in the doctrine of the Lord’s Supper. The repudiation of the mass as “condemnable idolatry” is a result of the orientation to the Reformation of John Calvin. Here papal religion was seen as superstition and a fundamental violation of the true worship of God as well as an infringement of God’s honour. The experience of persecution by the Papal church in France and the Netherlands aggravated the criticism. The most famous and influential part of the Heidelberg Catechism is its first question and answer: Q. What is your only comfort in life and in death? A. That I am not my own, but belong – body and soul, in life and in death – to my faithful Savior, Jesus Christ. He has fully paid for all my sins with his precious blood, and has set me free from the tyranny of the devil. He also watches over me in such a way that not a hair can fall from my head without the will of my Father in heaven; in fact, all things must work together for my salvation.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapportage Gemeente Rijssen-Holten
    rapportage gemeente rijssen-holten Twente Toerisme Monitor Rapportage Gemeente Rijssen-Holten Regio Twente Albert Groen Grontmij Ir. Peter Bergmans Drs. Sjoerd Zegers December 2009 Inhoudsopgave 1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Aanleiding ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Twente Toerisme Monitor ............................................................................................. 1 1.3 Werkwijze...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Consumentenonderzoek............................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Secundair bronnenonderzoek....................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Rapportage ................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Leeswijzer ..................................................................................................................... 4 2 Dagrecreatie.................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Bezoekersprofiel ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745
    Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745 By Timothy Cotton Wright A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonathan Sheehan, chair Professor Ethan Shagan Professor Niklaus Largier Summer 2018 Abstract Hidden Lives: Asceticism and Interiority in the Late Reformation, 1650-1745 By Timothy Cotton Wright Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonathan Sheehan, Chair This dissertation explores a unique religious awakening among early modern Protestants whose primary feature was a revival of ascetic, monastic practices a century after the early Reformers condemned such practices. By the early seventeenth-century, a widespread dissatisfaction can be discerned among many awakened Protestants at the suppression of the monastic life and a new interest in reintroducing ascetic practices like celibacy, poverty, and solitary withdrawal to Protestant devotion. The introduction and chapter one explain how the absence of monasticism as an institutionally sanctioned means to express intensified holiness posed a problem to many Protestants. Large numbers of dissenters fled the mainstream Protestant religions—along with what they viewed as an increasingly materialistic, urbanized world—to seek new ways to experience God through lives of seclusion and ascetic self-deprival. In the following chapters, I show how this ascetic impulse drove the formation of new religious communities, transatlantic migration, and gave birth to new attitudes and practices toward sexuality and gender among Protestants. The study consists of four case studies, each examining a different non-conformist community that experimented with ascetic ritual and monasticism.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Jottings from a Record of Service in the North West Europe Campaign
    Jottings from a Record of Service In the North West Europe Campaign July 9th 1944 – May 8th 1945 by J.P. Brady Transcribed by David Morin. M38879 Gnr. J.P.Brady 50th Battery 4th Medium Regiment. Royal Canadian Artillery. 1 June 16- Arrived at Caterham in the Valley with a party of ten signallers July 3 transferred to the 4th Medium Regiment, R.C.A. from l C.A.R.U. Bordon. Included in our party were R. Flett, Selkirk, Man. and R.B. Barnes, Buchanan, Sask. The draft was welcomed on arrival by Lt. Col. J.H R. Ganon, the O.C. I was posted to B. Troop, 50th Battery, with Barnes. Major R.J. Codere, being Battery C.C., Capt. R. Poulin, TLB & Lieut. G. Geoffrion G.P.O. and the very capable T.S.M. Gaston Toutant. The Battery Signals were in charge of Sgt. E. Capenter, Boston, Mass. Included in the Troop Signals at this time were Bdr. J.O. Dube, Bdr._Joly, L/Bdr. M. Paquet, Gnrs. S.V. Femia, T.Godding, J.A. Lemieux, R. Huot and S St. Hilaire. The unit was quartered on White Leaf Road, Caterham in the Valley. I remained at Caterham in the Valley till July 3 when we proceeded to the concentration area at Tilbury. The day I joined the unit at Caterham was marked by the first Vl’s falling in southern England. Unit members will remember the montonous (sic) regularity of these explosions when one fell on an average every twenty minutes. June 27th witnesses sever casulaties (sic) when 4 men were killed and 8 wounded by a near hit on our telephone exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • A “Calvinist” Theory of Matter? Burgersdijk and Descartes on Res Extensa
    Title Page A “Calvinist” Theory of Matter? Burgersdijk and Descartes on res extensa Giovanni Gellera ORCID IDENTIFIER 0000-0002-8403-3170 Section de philosophie, Université de Lausanne [email protected] The Version of Record of this manuscript has been published and is available in Intellectual History Review volume 28 (2018), issue 2. Published online 24 Novembre 2017. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17496977.2017.1374058 Abstract In the Dutch debates on Cartesianism of the 1640s, a minority believed that some Cartesian views were in fact Calvinist ones. The paper argues that, among others, a likely precursor of this position is the Aristotelian Franco Burgersdijk (1590-1635), who held a reductionist view of accidents and of the essential extension of matter on Calvinist grounds. It seems unlikely that Descartes was unaware of these views. The claim is that Descartes had two aims in his Replies to Arnauld: to show the compatibility of res extensa and the Catholic transubstantiation but also to differentiate the res extensa from some views of matter explicitly defended by some Calvinists. The association with Calvinism will be eventually used polemically against Cartesianism, for example in France. The paper finally suggests that, notwithstanding the points of conflict, the affinities between the theologically relevant theories of accidents, matter and extension ultimately facilitated the dissemination of Cartesianism among the Calvinists. Keywords: Descartes, Burgersdijk, res extensa, accident, Calvinist scholasticism, eucharist 2 G. GELLERA A “Calvinist” Theory of Matter? Burgersdijk and Descartes on res extensa Giovanni Gellera University of Lausanne, Switzerland In 1651 Count Louis Henry of Nassau demanded that the Dutch universities issue public statements on Cartesian philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport Erfgoednota Gemeente Ommen Versie 6 November2008 5
    toekomst voor erfgoed ommen erfgoednota gemeente Ommen 1 2 Toekomst voor erfgoed Ommen Voorwoord Deze nota gaat over een erfenis die we persoonlijk en samen hebben bijdrage aan de discussie, ze vertegenwoordigden de toekomst ontvangen. Een erfenis van generaties die voor ons hebben geleefd waarover het ook in de nota gaat. en gewerkt in het gebied waar wij nu, anno 2008, wonen, leven en Uit het enthousiasme in de commissie blijkt dat het belang om ons werken. De erfenis bestaat uit onderdelen die soms honderd jaar oud erfgoed goed te bewaren breed leeft in de samenleving van Ommen. zijn en soms zelfs duizenden jaren. Door deze erfenis kunnen we Daar ben ik als wethouder bijzonder blij mee. sommige zaken in het heden beter begrijpen en verklaren. Wat Een bijzonder woord van dank voor de leden van de generaties voor ons in dit gebied tot stand hebben gebracht, is in veel begeleidingscommissie is op zijn plaats. Dank ook aan andere opzichten vandaag nog te zien en te herkennen. Dat maakt deze vrijwilligers die belangeloos een waardevolle bijdrage aan deze nota erfenis ook bijzonder waardevol. Een erfenis om goed te bewaren en hebben geleverd. om zuinig op te zijn. Een erfenis die we graag door willen geven aan de generaties die na ons komen. Daan Geurs, Wethouder voor Jeugd en onderwijs, Recreatie en Toerisme, Vanuit dit besef heeft het gemeentebestuur opdracht gegeven om een Kunst, Cultuur en Monumentenzorg beleidsnota erfgoed op te stellen. De nota “Toekomst voor erfgoed Ommen” is hiervan het resultaat. In de nota is het monumentenbeleid Ommen, november 2008 en archeologie-beleid gecombineerd.
    [Show full text]
  • A Companion to Reformed Orthodoxy Brill’S Companions to the Christian Tradition
    A Companion to Reformed Orthodoxy Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition A series of handbooks and reference works on the intellectual and religious life of Europe, 500–1800 Editor-in-Chief Christopher M. Bellitto (Kean University) VOLUME 40 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bcct A Companion to Reformed Orthodoxy Edited by Herman J. Selderhuis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover illustration: Franeker University Library. Courtesy: Tresoar, Leeuwarden, Atlas Schoemaker. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1871-6377 ISBN 978-90-04-23622-6 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-24891-5 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS List of Contributors ........................................................................................ vii Abbreviations ................................................................................................... ix Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Herman J. Selderhuis PART I RELATIONS Reformed Orthodoxy: A Short History of Research ............................
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Calvinism: B
    Introduction A. Special Terminology I. The Persons Understanding Calvinism: B. Distinctive Traits A. John Calvin 1. Governance Formative Years in France: 1509-1533 An Overview Study 2. Doctrine Ministry Years in Switzerland: 1533-1564 by 3. Worship and Sacraments Calvin’s Legacy III. Psycology and Sociology of the Movement Lorin L Cranford IV. Biblical Assessment B. Influencial Interpreters of Calvin Publication of C&L Publications. II. The Ideology All rights reserved. © Conclusion INTRODUCTION1 Understanding the movement and the ideology la- belled Calvinism is a rather challenging topic. But none- theless it is an important topic to tackle. As important as any part of such an endeavour is deciding on a “plan of attack” in getting into the topic. The movement covered by this label “Calvinism” has spread out its tentacles all over the place and in many different, sometimes in conflicting directions. The logical starting place is with the person whose name has been attached to the label, although I’m quite sure he would be most uncomfortable with most of the content bearing his name.2 After exploring the history of John Calvin, we will take a look at a few of the more influential interpreters of Calvin over the subsequent centuries into the present day. This will open the door to attempt to explain the ideology of Calvinism with some of the distinctive terms and concepts associated exclusively with it. I. The Persons From the digging into the history of Calvinism, I have discovered one clear fact: Calvinism is a religious thinking in the 1500s of Switzerland when he lived and movement that goes well beyond John Calvin, in some worked.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Pietistic and Mystical Thought Among the Anglican Elite in the Eighteenth Century Lowcountry South
    "Through the Eye of a Needle": The Role of Pietistic and Mystical Thought Among the Anglican Elite in the Eighteenth Century Lowcountry South by Samuel Clayton Smith Bachelor of Arts Bob Jones University, 1981 Master of Arts Bob Jones University, 1984 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History University of South Carolina 1999 Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by Samuel C. Smith, 1999 AIl Rights Reserved. ii For Becky, Kendra, Logan, and Kayla iii Acknowledgements Of all the lessons learned during the writing of a dissertation, possibly the greatest is how dependent you are upon others. I am particularly grateful to Dr. Jessica Kross who directed the dissertation. For the past two years she has listened to me ramble hours­ on-end about the importance of pietistic and mystical religion to the thought of certain eighteenth century lowcountry elites. Her comments and suggestions throughout the research and writing stages were invaluable to the success of the project. Every carefully marked-up chapter she returned to me for revision demonstrated the dedication she has for historical accuracy and relevance. Her kind patience, scholarly guidance, and unfailing encouragement will always be appreciated. Dr. Robert Weir has been a great help to me as a seminar professor, academic advisor, and committee member. His excellent and thought provoking works on the eighteenth century South were largely responsible for my decision to follow that field of concentration. Dr. Kevin Lewis kindly allowed me to do two independent studies with him, giving me the opportunity to delve into an array of religious works that would later prove cogent to the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • VU Research Portal
    VU Research Portal From Modesty to Mediocrity. Regulating Public Dispute, 1670-1840: The Case of Dutch Divines van Eijnatten, J. published in International Journal of Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2002 DOI (link to publisher) 10.1215/0961754x-8-2-310 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) van Eijnatten, J. (2002). From Modesty to Mediocrity. Regulating Public Dispute, 1670-1840: The Case of Dutch Divines. International Journal of Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 8, 310-332. https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-8-2-310 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 From Modesty to Mediocrity: Regulating Public Dispute, 1670-1840: The Case of Dutch Divines Joris van Eijnatten Common Knowledge, Volume 8, Issue 2, Spring 2002, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • English Attitudes Toward Continental Protestants with Particular Reference to Church Briefs C.1680-1740
    English Attitudes toward Continental Protestants with Particular Reference to Church Briefs c.1680-1740 By Sugiko Nishikawa A Dissertation for the degree of Ph. D. in the University of London 1998 B CL LO\D0 UNIV Abstract Title: English Attitudes toward Continental Protestants with Particular Reference to Church Briefs c.1680-1740 Author: Sugiko Nishikawa It has long been accepted that the Catholic threat posed by Louis X1V played an important role in English politics from the late seventeenth century onwards. The expansionist politics of Louis and his attempts to eliminate Protestants within his sphere of influence enhanced the sense of a general crisis of Protestantism in Europe. Moreover news of the persecution of foreign Protestants stimulated a great deal of anti-popish sentiment as well as a sense of the need for Protestant solidarity. The purpose of my studies is to explore how the English perceived the persecution of continental Protestants and to analyse what it meant for the English to be involved in various relief programmes for them from c. 1680 to 1740. Accordingly, I have examined the church briefs which were issued to raise contributions for the relief of continental Protestants, and which serve as evidence of Protestant internationalism against the perceived Catholic threat of the day. I have considered the spectrum of views concerning continental Protestants within the Church; in some attitudes evinced by clergymen, there was an element which might be called ecclesiastical imperialism rather than internationalism. At the same time I have examined laymen's attitudes; this investigation of the activities of the SPCK, one of the most influential voluntary societies of the day, which was closely concerned with continental Protestants, fulfills this purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • HIDDEN HISTORIES in the UNITED CHURCH of CHRIST 2 Edited By
    HIDDEN HISTORIES IN THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST 2 edited by Barbara Brown Zikmund UNITED CHURCH PRESS New York 4 Copyright © 1987 United Church Press All rights reserved No part of this publication muy be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (brief quotations used in magazine or news- paper reviews excepted), without the prior permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Revised for added volumel Hidden histories in the United Church of Christ. Includes bibliographies and indexes. 1. United Church of Christ-History. 2. United churches-United States-History. I. Zikmund, Barbara Brown. BX9884.H53 1987 285.8’34 84-152 ISBN 0-8298-0753-5 (pbk.: v. 2) United Church Press, 132 West 31 Street, New York, NY 10001 4 For my father Henry Daniels Brown 1910-1970 who taught me to love history and to look beyond the obvious 4 Contents Introduction Unity and Diversity Barbara Brown Zikmund Part One UNITY Chapter 1 The Union Church: A Case of Lutheran and Reformed Cooperation Horace S. Sills Chapter 2 The German Evangelical Protestants Curtis Beach Chapter 3 Origins of the Christian Denomination in New England Elizabeth C. Nordbeck Chapter 4 Evangelical Pietism and Biblical Criticism: The Story of Karl Emil Otto Lowell H. Zuck 66 Chapter 5 Women’s Mission Structures and the American Board Priscilla Stuckey-Kauffman Chapter 6 Religious Journalism: A Legacy from the Christian Church 4 J. Martin Bailey Part Two DIVERSITY Chapter 7 Philip William Otterbein and the United Brethren Thomas E.
    [Show full text]