Volume XXIX No. 8 August, 1974 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOClAmN OF JEWSH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

Hans Jaeger man but went on hammering at his reputa­ tion until the "Brandt myth" was pounded into the mud. The aflfair was magnified by those who, for a long time, had been striv­ ing to discredit Brandt's policies and to bring ASSESSMENT OF THE GERMAN SCENERY him down. Vengeful forces had accumulated dossiers; it was a sort of Watergate in re­ verse. After the resignation, there were cele­ What happened in the Federal Republic in to state already in March, that he would not brations even in several rooms of his own May, 1974, cannot be compared with just a tolerate any unwarranted re-distribution of Chancellery. change of government. Technically, it was portfolios. He had even threatened then to even less than that, because the former coali­ resign but was urged to stay. All this indicated After Brandt's Resignation tion went on, though with considerable changes that the Chancellor was on edge, but most of ministers. Yet what mattered and made people disregarded the symptoms. It is thus understandable that his decision all the diflerence was the atmospherical situa­ Last but not least, there was disappointment was irreversible. He was fed up with the tion, the background, the suddenness of the about the results of Ostpolitik. The opposition way in which responsibility was shifted. Be­ event (in spite of a number of indications), had grossly exaggerated the discrepancy be­ sides, he wanted to set an example how to the contrast between steep ascent and precipi­ tween expectations and achievements and behave after failure, and this mixture of tate downfall, the co-incidence of extra-parlia­ many people did not find an equilibrium be­ grandeur and humility is impressive. This mentary factors, the creation of a completely tween euphoria and alarmism. The opposition time the workers who had come out two new political climate. All this was even more was not unanimous in its attitude. Some did years ago to save him could do little for noticeable as it coincided with changes in not differ very much from the coalition parties. him. His star was waning. Some followers various other European countries. Others suggested making the best of it and had attacked the indecisiveness of his leader­ The shock would have been less had Willy to test the treaties with the East. Others again ship. There were other things which might Brandt not been placed on a high pedestal. merely bore a grudge fhat they had lost the even remain in the dark: people trying to That had happened in Germany as well as initiative and could not take credit for the force his hand, whispering campaigns and abroad, though it would be very illuminating treaties. It was not without reason that, after the dirty attempt too ridiculous for words— to analyse how far the motives and expecta­ a fervent campaign, the CDU leader suddenly to find a scapegoat in the person of the tions were identical or diflerent. Yet while recommended abstention from voting, in order President of the Federal Office for the Pro­ his charisma was gradually fading at home, to maintain the unity of the party. tection of the Constitution, Guenter Nollau. this was not the case outside Germany, and On the other hand some stagnation in the All these events had discouraged Brandt this discrepancy created another shock. Some negotiations with East Germany, disappoint­ tremendously. He was too sensitive and not people in Germany were afraid that the world ments in various technical details, and the hard enough. He suffered heavily under might not understand the sudden change and unchanged polemical language of the GDR indications of disloyalty. Though in some way conclude from it that the Germans still could (which was a prisoner of its former propa­ the greatest leader the SPD ever had, he not be relied upon and seemed to fall from ganda and, therefore, faced with a dilemma) was no leader of men, with his tendency to one extreme to the other, unable to keep a had the effect that the opposition became cyclical depressions and with his strong proper balance. Such misgivings are, however, vociferous again. The Bavarian CSU, under credulity. Following a vision, he concentrated unfounded, because by no means all Germans Strauss, took the lead, threatening to extend on foreign policy only, but reforms at home had changed. Neither had they all been in the party over the whole Federal area, and were postponed. favour of Brandt in 1972, nor had all of them now even quite a few original adherents of Though all this does not necessarily mean deserted him now. If one refers to the sudden the Ostpolitik became impressed by the that Brandt will never make a comeback, at change of mind of some of his former fol­ counter-arguments. Propaganda reached such present the outlook is rather gloomy. He lowers, one has, in fairness, also to register a frenzy, almost separated from reality, that remained party chairman, and, when going those workers and those youngsters, who allegations of a "sell-out", a sinister betrayal, back to Berlin where he had been so success­ implored Brandt to stay in office and not to a shift towards the East and a prospect of ful for years, he regained his former dynam­ leave them. Germany's Bolshevisation revived the memory ism. Is his story still an unfinished book, Actually, the resignation was the result of of demogogic propaganda slogans heard in or will it remain a fragment? Some people a process which had been going on for some the 'twenties and early 'thirties. remarked that if Brandt had agreed to be­ time, and the Guillaume case, that unpleasant This dissatisfaction resulted in losses, both come Federal President after Heinemann's affair, was neither a "pretext" for it nor its in the diet elections in Hamburg and in the term, many things would look different. only reason; it was merely the last straw. municipal elections in Schleswig-Holstein and What is the outlook now? Even if one There were many factors which had contrib­ Rhineland-Palatinate. All these regions had approaches the situation as unbiased as uted to Brandt's decision: Inflation, though an been old strongholds and it was no comfort possible and reserves one's judgement, one international phenomenon, particularly afTee- that, to some extent, the reasons for the set­ thing is quite clear: The era Schmidt-Genscher, ted the nerves of the Germans, and the oppo­ backs were also of a more local nature. with Scheel as President, will be quite differ­ sition exploited it for their purpose. It was When the unsavoury Guillaume case hap­ ent from the era Brandt-Scheel, with Heine­ only cold comfort that other countries were pened, Brandt was near breaking point any­ mann as President. The new Chancellor, worse off. The Chancellor was perturbed that way. Much guesswork has been made about Helmut Schmidt, is a man of the right wing his appeals to the trade unions to keep de­ whether on Moscow's order or (more likely) of the SPD. This does not necessarily endear mands within certain limits remained with Moscow's consent, East Berlin wanted to him to the CDU for which it might mean unheeded. Warnings to the Left-wingers, the boycott the treaty in this way, or whether the a new form of competition. Furthermore, as Young Socialists, not to undermine the base, GDR incurred Moscow's blame for a blunder a right-winger, he will have difficulties in because it would jeopardise the coalition and which amounted to sabotage. Such specula­ mediating between the two wings of the Party. destroy the chances for the next election did tions divert from the issue. One could not It might result in fewer concessions to the not meet with the same response as before. expect that the second oldest trade in the Young Socialists, though the first days rather This happened in a situation which was deli­ world would come to an end after conclusion looked like a truce. Guenter Grass said cate anyway, because Scheel, the Foreign of a treaty, though the circumstances of the Schmidt would not be able to close the ranks Minister, Vice-Chancellor and FDP chairman, incident were extraordinary. Be that as it of the SPD; only Brandt had been able to Was to Isecome Federal President and to be may, it is quite sufficient to look at the do that. The announcement that the party replaced by the Federal Minister of Interior, scene inside the Federal Republic. Brandt's members would have to "adjust their ideas" Genscher. Other tensions had caused Brandt enemies were showing no mercy to a fallen Continued on page Z, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 ERHOEHUNG VON RENTEN ASSESSMENT OF THE GERMAN SCENERY Die deutschen Sozialversicherungsrenten sind mit Wirkung vom 1. Juli 1974 um etwa Continued from page 1 11% erhoeht worden. Erhoehungen der nach dem Bundes­ entschaedigungsgesetz zahlbaren Renten ("umlernen") caused some frowns and con­ pension rights—for the veterans of theWaffen rueckwirkend vom 1. Januar 1974 sind in cern. The nickname "Iron Chancellor" is SS. Many people see in him a disciplinarian Vorbereitung. Der Regierungsentwurf der significant. And this was less resented! too much concerned with the State's authority neuen Ausfuehrungsverordnungen liegt Observers said that the middle-class voter and too 1 ttie with social reform. bereits vor, jedoch wird sich deren might prefer Schmidt to Brandt, but that he It is true, in a kind of cold-hot treatment, Veroefifentlichung noch laengere Zeit is less at home on the factory floor. At the Schmidt is alternately attracting or shocking hinziehen. Die Entschaedigungsbehoerden last party congress in Hanover, he was still his listeners. Sometimes, one is inclined to sollen aber angewiesen sein, schon vor der not too popular. But on the other hand Guenter agree with him, for instance when he turns amtlichen Veroeffentlichung der neuen Grass rightly stated that, as Minister of against multi-national companies which might Verordnungen die entsprechenden Zah­ Defence, Schmidt integrated the Bundeswehr be in for a "thin time". But what are his lungen moeglichst im August zu beginnen. into democracy by retiring 28 right-wing reasons? He detests their immunity to the Nach dem Regierungsentwurf werden generals. By attacking first, he would be financial policies of each sovereign State. Is die Renten durchschnittlich um etwa 11% much more dangerous for the CDU which that sufficient? Is ethical pathos completely erhoeht, die sog. Mindestrenten fuer has no man to put against him; and he would old-fashioned? Is the pragmatism of the see to it that social reform, workers' partici­ executive really the last and the only word? Gesundheitsschaeden und fuer Hinter­ pation and control of land speculation go No imagination is needed to envisage what bliebene (Lebensschaden) jedoch um 12%. through. The former artillery officer, with the Chancellor would think about what was Ausserdem werden die sog. Freibetraege, his brusque manner, as he was described once the special relationship with Israel, and welche die anrechnungsfaehigen sonstigen by Antony Terry in the "Sunday Times," the approach to the Arabs. We do not follow Einkuenfte mindern, von DM 300 auf never went along with Brandt's emotional up the comparison with the predecessor. And DM 350 erhoeht werden. idealism and has a style of his own. There with some sadness, one recalls sombre warn­ Naehere Mitteilungen werden wir nach are many potentialities in it, and one has ings by the late Horkheimer and the late Bekanntgabe der neuen Verordnungen to bear in mind that history, though only too Pollock: is mankind marching towards the veroeffentlichen. often repeating itself, never repeats itself highly efficient but soulless state of ants or REPORT ON GERMAN PAYMENTS in exactly the same detail. Now the men "im­ termites? The compensation payments made by the ported" from Berlin have gone. They were Jochen Steffen, one of the leading left- replaced by men from Hamburg, who were Federal Republic of Germany up to the end wingers of the SPD, recently said that if of 1973 amounted to 47,7 milliard DM. By far more amenable to Schmidt's manner. Helmut Schmidt should fail, a kind of Papen- the highest single item refers to payments Schleicher regime would be imminent, as under the Federal Indemnification Law, BEG Ostpolitik and NATO conditions were similar to the early thirties. (35,6 milliard DM). Among the other items A few words about foreign policy. Antony In this form the statement is irresponsible, are payments under the Federal Restitution Terry said Schmidt's view of Ostpolitik was bound to create panic. It should at least Law, BRueG (3,7 milliard DM), payments for have been qualified. It is true that some talk public services (3,9 miUiard DM) and the that the less said about it the better. Israel Agreement (3,4 milliard DM). It is ex­ He had made it clear that the Federal Repub­ exists on these lines. What is indeed alarm­ pected that a further 4,6 milliard DM will lic would stop being the paymaster of the ing, and in contrast to the climate during have to be paid until 1975 and that ul­ EEC. This is not new. It indicates the trend many quiet years of the past, is the political timately the total payments (including BEG of turning away from the past. It had been and psychological dynamite under the surface: pensions of 25-30 milliard DM from 1976 expressed by the new Minister of Finances, the revival of the inflation complex, the onwards) will reach the figure of about 80 Hans Apel, when he was still with the Foreign uninhibited, unbalanced instigation against milliard DM. Ministry, who quite bluntly stated that the one section of the population (the "stab-in- Of the recipients of BEG payments one time had ended when Germany could be the-back" slogan being replaced by the "sell­ third each lives in Germany, Israel and other out" theory), the whipping up of persecution countries, whereas the proportions of BRueG "blackmailed" into payments by references payments are 25% Germany, 40% Israel and to the war crimes. Though Schmidt is critical mania about Germany's bolshevisation. Such watchwords are fertile ground for mass 35% other countries. of the French attitude towards NATO, he The number of cases still pending on established at once a close relationship with hysteria. January 1, 1974 comprised 54,936 BEG pro­ Giscard d'Estaing. That implied less German The Christian Democrats do not stop assur­ ceedings (1-3%) and 10,260 BRueG pro­ patience wtth the British renegotiation tactics. ing that they are a party of the centre, with ceedings (1-4%). Furthermore, 84,149 applica­ Only the American orientation might pro­ the result that the Federal Republic would tions for Haerteausgleich according to 44a duce a bridge to Callaghan. A Franco- then practically be without rightists. Mean­ BRueG (30-1%) were still pending on German axis within EEC which has been while, Strauss builds up a right front, which January 1, 1974. suggested, would be in contrast to Willy is to attract the various splinters, the National Brandt's policy, who sometimes found it Democrats and those who defected from NO PENSION FOR EX NAZI difficult to go along with Pompidou, tried to them, those around the "Nationalzeitung" A Schleswig administrative court ruled that show as much understanding as possible of (Munich), and those around the former former Nazi police Major-General Otto Win­ Britain's point of view but did not believe Sudeten German Hitler Youth leader kelmann, who is also a former SS officer and in the formation of axes because they would Zoglmann. Strauss also tries to court the who was once Adolf Eichmann's superior of­ be contrary to the principle of European unity. FDP again. He looks for those who might ficer in Hungary, is not entitled to a gen­ Yet we also have to look at Helmut Schmidt take the place of Mende or Kuehlmann. Till eral's pension. The court found that Winkel­ from a more general point of view. In spite now, he has not succeeded. But he is not mann had supported Eichmann and had ac­ easily discouraged. cordingly contributed to the murder of sev­ of the small difference of age, Brandt's poli­ eral hundred thousand Hungarian Jews. tical past was completely different. This is To show some dangers is not identical with Winkelmann will appeal against the ver­ only a statement of fact, not a reproach. The predicting them as certainties. But as the dict. His Second World War activities are "Daily Telegraph" said Schmidt would pursue climate has changed, the Federal Republic still under investigation by the Frankfurt German interests untrammelled "by the guilt requires special attention. legal authorities. and inferiority complexes of the past. He is not the man to feel that he must atone for the sins of his countrymen. He is no idealist, no visionary, but a pragmatic executive. And this is the way the German voters want it." One cannot help feeling a Greyhound Guaranty Limited little bit chilly. Nobody expects people to run around in a "hair shirt". But is there Bankers no middle of the road? Has one extreme always to be replaced by the opposite? No­ 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR, body doubts the efBciency of the new Chan­ cellor, who excelled during the Hamburg flood LONDON, WIX 3 LB disaster in 1962. His books on NATO doctrines were outstanding, his English is brilliant. Telephone: 01-629 1208 Where is the himian approach? One heard Telex: 24637 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l about it only years ago on behalf of the Page 3 AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 HOME NEWS ANGLOJVDAICA BOLSHOI DEMONSTRATIONS Mr Heath Addresses QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY LIST Welfare Board In the Queen's Birthday Honours, The Soviet Embassy threatened to cut knighthoods were bestowed on Mr. Bernard short the season of the Bolshoi Ballet in An appointment with the Jewish Welfare Delfont, the impresario, for charitable serv­ London following incidents at the Coliseum Board undertaken by Mr. Edward Heath ices; Mr. Derek Ezra, chairman of the Nat­ theatre when a performance was interrupted while he was still Prime Minister was fulfil­ ional Coal Board; and Mr. Emmanual Kaye, by demonstrators throwing nails and bolts on led by tlie Conservative leader, when he was founder and chaii-man, Lansing Bagnall, Ltd., to the stage and releasing white mice among the guest speaker at the annual meeting of for services to export. the audience. In response, the Foreign Office the Board's subscribers on June 24. (Mr. The CBE was awarded to Mr. Arthur reiterated earlier assurances that the dancers Harold Wilson, when Leader of the Opposi­ Abraham Gold, secretary, British Amateur would be given full protection against demon­ tion, addressed a similar meeting of the Athletics Board and to Dr. Richard Barnett, strations inside the theatre. board a year ago.) The central theme of Mr. lately keeper of Westem Asiatic antiquities, The demonstration, organised by members Heath's address was the role of voluntary British Museum. „ of Herut but not the movement itself, has effort in social work of which, he stressed, Among those receiving the OBE were Mr. been strongly condemned bv Mr Abraham the Jewish Welfare Board was a fine ex­ Joseph Samuels, lately chainnan. East Marks, secretary of the Board of Deputies, ample. London Group Hospital Management Com­ who described it as "extremist". In defence mittee, and Mr. George Magrill, chairman, Mr Eric Graus, chairman of Herut, said that Trading Act Abuse Edinburgh and District Local Employment "drastic action is justified so long as harass­ ment and imprisonment of Jews in the Soviet The conduct of Sunday markets in accor­ Committee, who is the senior member of the dance with the present Sunday Trading Act council of the Edinburgh Hebrew Con­ Union continue unabated". In an editorial the "Jewish Chronicle", while has caused feelings of resentment. As a gregation. , , , „, , result, the Board of Deputies and the Trades Recipients of the MBE included Mr. Leon upholding the principle of peaceful protest and demonstration, pointed out that what was Advisory Council have set up a sub-committee Jessel, managing director, Leon Jessel Ltd., to investigate possible changes in the Act. for services to export. not acceptable, either in law or to the public at large, was the disruptive and dangerous Mr. Martin Savitt, chairman of the board's ANTISEMITIC BOOKLET action of some individuals, which hazards the Jewish defence and group relations com­ physical safety of the dancers and interferes mittee, told deputies that proposals will be The Direotor of Public Prosecutions is con­ with the enjoyment of those members of the submitted to the Government for consid­ sidering proceedings under the Race Rel­ public who have exercised their free choice eration. ations Act against the authors and publishers to be there. The reported threat of the He said that the Act was being abused in of an antisemitic pamphlet. The 28-page pam­ Soviet authorities to cancel the rest of contradiction to its purpose "that a Jewish phlet, entitled "Did Six Million ReaUy Die? the Bolshoi season would not bring the trader may trade for a qualified period on —The Truth at Last", resembles the format, release of Jews held prisoner in the Soviet Sunday only if he has a validated con­ lavout and print of the organ of the National Union. It would alienate the huge fund scientious objection to trading during the Front Spearhead. It describes the death of of public good will which the dignified hours of the Sabbath". the six million Jewish martyrs in Nazi-occu­ communal protest outside the theatre had pied Europe as "the most colossal peice of elicited; diminish the influence of those New Jews' College Course fiction" and "the most successful of decep­ British political and artistic figures who had tions" invented by Jewry for political and already achieved some notable successes in Courses in Hebrew and Biblical studies financial gain. their approaches to the Soviet authorities, have been available at some British univer­ The pamphlet also suggests that the and provide the Kremlin with new ammuni­ sities for many years, but now a new course "enormous fraud" was committed with the tion to direct against their Jewish minority. leading to BA (honours) degree in Jewish deliberate purpose of blackmailing the world It would be a propaganda gift to Moscow of studies has been authorised for Jews' College. into accepting the establishment of Israel and which the entire cause of Soviet Jewry would This is the first time that Talmud and Jewish of financial gain by way of German com­ be the main sufferer. law, as well as Jewish thought and philoso­ pensation. phy, have been included in an academic cur­ The publication was first brought to the at­ riculum. The three-year syllabus will in­ tention of the Attorney-General, Mr Sam LONDON EXHIBITION ON SOVIET JEWRY corporate various aspects of Jewish learning Silkin, by the Jewish Labour MP, Mr Paul according to the course-unit system, enabling Rose. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Michael students to pursue their own particular in­ Whilst Mr Rose asked for the prosecution Ramsey, opened an exhibition of photo­ terests whilst ensuring that they obtain a of tbe author only, the Board of Deputies has graphs, accompanied by commentary, which broad intellectual background. asked that the publishers too should be in­ depict the plight of Soviet Jews. 'The ex­ hibition, which was held last month at St. cluded in the DPP's consideration. The board Kashrut Diminution seeks to institute proceedings for seditious Martin-in-the-Fields, was sponsored by the libel against both Richard Harwood and the All Party Parliamentary Committee for the A sub-committee to deal with the problem Historical Review Press. Release of Soviet Jewry. His Grace was intro­ of what appears to be a diminution in kash- duced by the Chairman of the Committee, rut observance has been set up by the NF MARCH "AN INCITEMENT" Mr. Hugh Dykes, MP. In his address, the London Board for Shechita. Archbishop said he was deeply concerned The recent violent clashes in Red Lion about human suffering everywhere. He ex­ Information for non-Jewish Educationists Square, London, after which a student died, pressed the hope that the exhibition would In response to a need expressed by many resulted directlv from the fact that the Nat­ stir people into realising that Jews in the non-Jewish educationists and clergy for in­ ional Front "was allowed to march through Soviet Union were among those in distress. formation and material on all aspects of the capital in a provocative fashion", Mr. "We want friendship with the Soviet Union, Judaism, a Jewish Education Bureau has Martin Savitt, chairman of the Jewish and if there is to be unhindered friendship been formed centred in Leeds. defence and grouo relations committee told a between countries, human rights must be Its publications and material give a meeting of the Board of Deputies. He de­ treated in a sound and right way," he said. balanced view of Judaism, both Orthodox and scribed the march as an "incitement to the Progressive. The bureau aims to assist the London community" since it was a protest religious education teacher in assembling against the capital's immigrant community. lessons on the Jewish religion, offering As the Dolice knew about the proposed coun­ Your House for:— books, film sftrips, records and other aids, ter-demonstration by Left-wing organisations, and arranging visits to synagogues and the NF march should not have been allowed CURTAINS, CARPETS, speakers to schools. to take place. Mr. Savitt said that the NF's hatred for the FLOORCOVERINGS Jews had become increasingly evident in Permissive Society Denounced recent issues of its journal. Spearhead, which SPECIALITY Speaking from the pulpit of the Southport was resurrecting the antisemitic content of Synagogue Rabbi M. A. Alony denounced the some of its articles. The NF had also in­ CONTINENTAL DOWN permissive society, particularly the cult of filtrated into some national organisations, nudity. Permissiveness, he said, was so pre­ such as the RSPCA, and had made efforts to QUILTS valent that nothing was hidden and nudity recruit members among children at schools. had become an accepted part of certain sec­ The board found disturbing the apathy and ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS tions of society, pervading not only books lack of interest displayed by the general and magazines but also advertisements. The Public towards NF efforts in local and par­ ESTIMATES FREE general public who sat back and said that liamentary by-elections. Mr. Savitt urged local nothing could be done were just as guilty as Jewish communities to engage themselves in DAWSON-LANE LIMITED those who took pleasure in destroying the election campaigns. (Established 1946) ideals of Judaism with respect to modesty. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Since men had failed to stamp this out. it Telephone : 904 6671 was the duty of women to protest. Jewish With acknowledgement to the news women must help to regain our standards of Personal attention of Mr. W. Shackman. service of the Jewish Chronicle. modesty, good taste, dignity, propriety and pnvacy. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 FRANCE NEWS FROM ABROAD Clash over Christian-Jewish Dialogue The 350 delegates at the annual meeting of the Paris consistory, the main Jewish rel­ UNITED STATES ITALY igious organisation in the city, were told by Rabbi Meir Jais, the Chief Rabbi of Pans Holocaust Instruction Jewry Congress that the ultimate aim of the Vatican and of In New York th€ establishment and sub­ During the three-day quadrennial congress the Church in general was to convince Jews sidisation of summer institutes to provide of the Italian Jewish communities held in of the truth of Christianity and the divinity courses for teachers to give adequate in­ Rome, a heated debate occurred when some of Jesus. In view of this there could be no struction on the Holocaust has been urged. delegates suggested the elimination of the re­ dialogue between the svnagogue and church. Dr Seymour Lechman, chairman of the New quirement for "regular religious conduct" by In reoly Dr. Jacob Kaplan, the Chief Rabbi York City Board of Education, told the New lay members of the community and by of France, said that Rabbi Jais' remarks im­ York State Legislature that the Holocaust members of the executive councils of the plied criticism of the French Rabbinate for was "the essential trauma of the twentieth Union of Italian Jewish Communities. This praising the Ecumenical Council's (1965) century. Students know that the Nazis mur­ requirement, contained in the statutes of the declaration on relations between the dered six million Jewish men, women and Union, excludes from membership anyone Roman Catholic Church and the Jews, children and that is all... This neglect must who has contracted a mixed marriage. The and the document approved last year not be allowed to continue." appeals of Chief Rabbi Elio Toaff and of the by the French Eniscooate and its nresident, Views were expressed that courses on the Rabbinical Council to retain the clause were Mgr. Elchinger, the Bishop of Strasbourg. Holocaust should be mandatory for everyone overwhelmingly supported. From a study of both documents, said Dr. training to be a teacher, and that they should The congress warned the country's com­ Kaplan, he had found no grounds for be­ include material about the Nazis' "willing col­ munities to exercise the utmost vigilance, lieving that the Church aimed at the con­ laborators in other countries". pointing out that legal proceedings could be version of Jews, and he could not accept this brought against those disseminating racialist claim. propaganda under a 1962 law. UNEASE IN ARGENTINA The Italian Defence and Interior Ministers, Demonstration against Vandalism The death of President Peron, which has who attended the opening session of the con­ A demonstration outside the centui-y-old caused uncertainty throughout the whole of gress, both denounced the antisemitic out­ bursts in Italy which, they said, "coincide Jewish cemetery in Mommenheim was or­ Argentina, particularly affects the Jewish ganised by Strasbourg's Jewish consistory, in community. The late president managed to with the resurgence of fascist mani­ festations". protest against the destruction or damage by control any antisemitic tendencies in the vandals of some 200 tombstones out of a total country and there were no major anti-Jewish Legislation was advocated to provide full autonomy and equality for Italian Jewry and of 264 in the cemetery. troubles during his regime. He many times A press conference in Strasbourg was told declared his friendship for Jews and the to abrogate customs deriving from the Church-State Concordat, including the trans­ by ithe president of the Lower Rhine Jewish State of Israel. community that the cemetery resembled a A power struggle will presumably now fer from the Vatican to the Italian State of jurisdiction over the Jewish catacombs. devastated camp. Such an extensive act of begin between the Right and Left wings of vandalism had never been perpetrated the Peronista Party. Mr. Jose Lopez Rega, the before, even when the Nazis came to Alsace late President's private secretary and Mini­ Yiddish Play on Radio during the Second World war. ster of Social Welfare, who heads the Right, Former minor desecrations were attributed has almost complete domination over Mrs. For the first time an adaptation of a Yid­ to youths, but members of the community Maria Estela de Peron, the late President's dish play has been presented by Italian radio. feel that on this occasion an organised group widow. Mr. Rega is not only unfriendly It was so successful that it was repeated of adults was responsible. They are shocked towards the Jews, but also wishes to oust the twice within a week and will shortly be by the negative reaction of local people and Jewish Minister of the Economy, Mr. Jose Ber staged in Genoa. the apparent delay of the authorities in Gelbard, a moderate centrist who is sup­ The play, "The Jew's Opera", by the taking action. ported by Argentina's powerful trade unions. Polish-Yiddish writer Alter Kacyzne, killed by Ukrainian Nazi collaborators during the Incidents in Paris CHILE Second World War, is based on the life of an eighteenth-century Portuguese Marrano, Jose The synagogue in the Paris suburb of Employment of ex-Nazi Denied de Silva, a satirical playwright. Savigny-sur-Orge was desecrated when, after In a press release, the Embassy of Chile in breaking a number of windows to gain entry, London denies rumours that an ex-Nazi, ELECTIONS IN CANADA wooden sefer Torah cases and religious or­ Walter Rauff, had been engaged by the Chi­ naments were smashed and curtains torn. lean Government. Seven Jewish parliamentary candidates were French security services, it is reported, successful in last month's Canadian General have discovered that a Nazi cell is operating Elections. They include Mrs. Simma Holt, a in Savigny, which has a community of 350 SOUTH AFRICA Vancouver journalist and authoress, who will Ashkenazi and Sephardi families. Textbook Protest be the first Canadian Jewess to sit in the House of Commons in Ottawa. A new historsr textbook intended for VATICAN AND THE WAR 15-year-old pupils in Transvaal schools is the The eighth and last volume of documents object of a complaint by the Transvaal HEIRLESS PROPERTY—GREEK SENTENCES from the Vatican archives, dealing with its Teachers' Association. Their main complaint diplomatic and humanitarian activities, has is that the book suggests that Hitler was A Salonika military court has sentenced been released. Prepared by a team of Roman "merely an agent of fate" in bringing about Dimitrios Pantziopoulos and his Jewish-born Catholic historians, the aim is to refute the Second World War and does not mention wife, Yvonne, to 22 years' and ten years' im­ charges that the then Pope, Pius XII, knew the Nazi concentration camps or the ex­ prisonment respectively for fraudulently appro­ of the atrocities being perpetrated by the termination of millions of people by the priating heirless real estate which belonged Nazis and fascists but did not intervene. Hitlerregime. to Jews massacred by the Nazis during the The Vatican's line in answer to its critics A teachers' deputation visited the director Second World War. Seven other people^ is that it knew of the mass deportations of of education, who announced that their com­ three Jews and four Christians—convicted as Jews to the East by the Nazis but had no ments on the textbook would be passed on to their accomplices were sentenced to gaol terms concrete evidence that they were destined for the publishers of the book, Perskor Publica­ of between two months and three years. extermination. But in the view of some ob­ tions Ltd., for possible inclusion in a second Judicial enquiries are reported to have servers, not all 600 letters in the latest edition. been opened into other claims conceming volume support the Vatican's contention. In heirless Jewish property in the Dodecanese 1942, for instance, the Vatican was notified TERRORISTS SUMMIT IN AUSTRIA island of Rhodes. The authorities have an­ that numerous Jewish girls were being forced nounced that no fewer than 600 cases of il­ to serve as prostitutes for German soldiers It is reported that a delegation of Austrian legal appropriation of abandoned property on the Eastern front, and that the Nazis were Left-wing extremists were invited to par­ formerly belonging to Jews or Moslems are preparing "the total deportation" of all other ticipate in a projected terrorist "summit" being investigated. Jews. The Vatican lodged a diplomatic pro­ meeting in Belfast and Dublin. The in­ test with the then President of Slovakia, vitation, it is understood, came from Sean without avail. O'Cionaith (the alias of Sean Kenny), the From Vienna, Pope Pius XII was alerted to public relations chief of Sinn Fein. ISLE OF MAN "the terrible fate" of the Jews, and a war­ O'Cionaith recently visited Vienna as part ning came from Berlin to the present Pope, of a tour of Europe. INTERNMENT 1914/18 & 1939/45 who was then a close aide of Pius, about the Austrian extremists form a very small I buy envelopes and folded letter supposed fate of "non-Aryans". The Vatican group, but participation in the terrorist con­ forms from these and other camps. reacted with great caution to letters from ference might, it is feared, lead to closer ties President Roosevelt's personal representative with Arab terrorists and hence increase ter­ Please send to: PETER C. RICKENBACK, to the Vatican and to dramatic appeals from rorist activity in Austria. 14 Rosslyn Hill, London, N.WJ. Jewish groups. AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 Page 5

Hans 1. Bach JEWS IN LIPPE A Recent Monograph Lippe used to be one of the smallest SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY HAMBURG German principalities, with Detmold as capital, in between (but excluding) Bielefeld and Hamelin. So the soldiers' song "Lippe- The Hamburg Jewish Congregation saved The efficiency of Jewish social services Detmold, eine wunderschone Stadt" with the its archives from confiscation by the Nazis by was recognised by the authorities: applica­ phrase "How am I to conduct my war. if my giving them early in 1938 in trust to the tions for right of domicile were often soldier has died?" was not altogether without Hamburg State Archive. In 1963 the city of favourably influenced by the knowledge that a point. Hamburg founded a special Institute for the Jewish poor persons would not become a Michael Giinter' has collected the existing History of German Jews, in particular in burden on the finances of the town or prin­ sources and industriously combed the ar­ order lo evaluate this material. It was set up cipality. chives for his thesis on the Jews in this little and managed till 1972 by Professor Heinz From some of the rules one can gather country, actually exceeding the limitations of Mosche Graupe who, in the present volume, that the whole congregation in the last resort the title both backwards and forwards: the begins this task by publishing the Statutes of feels like one family: a fiance and the first Jew mentioned is an Augustine monk the independent but closely related con­ woman on return from childbed to the syna­ who converted to Judaism in 1297. In 1932, gregations of Altona, Hamburg and Wands­ gogue are greeted with song. An unmarried there were only 607 Jews left, at present bek.* They are among the most detailed of man must not lead in prayer on the High there are 25. The most important of the Jews the Statutes preserved. A second volume con­ Holy Days. of Lippe was Leopold Zunz, the founder of tains the Hebrew or Yiddish original texts, the Science of Judaism, born in Detmold (but preceded here by the translation. Dr. Stern measures are taken to protect the re­ brought up in Hamburg from his first year); Graupe's careful and knowledgeable foot­ putation of the community, e.g. against he is credited with "many Bible trans­ notes, not only on details of Jewish services buying of stolen goods. Manipulating the lations"! The Reform Rabbi Dr. Heinemann and customs but also, for instance, on 17th weight of coins is regarded as endangering Vogelstein also hailed from Lippe. century fashions make the volume com­ its existence, and in this case denunciation to It was not a wealthy country: after the prehensible also to the non-specialist and the authorities is permitted, whereas in other Thirty Years' War, the linen trade being en­ even the non-Jew. instances denunciators and their children are not even. buried until the heavy fines for couraged, reels of yarn became means of In going through these Statutes, I was re­ doing so have been paid. A bankrupt is not barter. The Jews were not hard pressed or minded of a remark by Moses Mendelssohn admitted to any function in the congregation persecuted but had to eke out a precarious comparing metaphysical treatises to fortres­ for ten years after having settled with his living. The tongue of every piece of cattle ses which, while being essential for purposes creditors, Jewish and non-Jewish, unless he slaughtered had to be delivered to the of defence, are not the most pleasant places can prove his innocence, amd he has to sit Count's table. If a Jew remarried, there was to live in. These rules and regulations are on a penalty seat in synagogue for three a tax of a silver spoon. By a special imposi­ very much down to earth and have nothing years. But even someone who comes from a tion, the Jewish horse dealers had to take to do with metaphysics, but fortresses they theatre of war or has run an army canteen and sell the horses no longer wanted in the are also in their way, safeguarding the rel­ for as little as one month, has lost the Count's stables, which they tried successfully igious and civic life of 17th and 18th century qualification to give testimony or take an to convert into a regular pajrment. As pawns Jews. Above all, they are not meant to be oath. Some of the regulations are quite not redeemed could be sold after one year, read for their own sake. Being far removed subtle: a Gentile house in which a Jew has Jewish pawnbrokers accumulated a large from present-day realities, the interest they lived must not be rented before a year after stock of variegated goods, which made them evoke is indirect and oblique, historical his moving out—so as to avoid the suspicion precursors of modern stores! rather than immediate. Yet whoever has of having driven him out by offering a In the important respect of political re­ read, say, Gluckel of Hamelin's delightful higher rent. presentation, the condition of Jews was by no autobiography will feel on familiar ground means backward. Since 1709 they had an ack­ here. In some respect, the prohibitions are nowledged Speaker, one Moses Jacob, and in perhaps most interesting, showing what 1720 they achieved an organisation of their Perhaps the first thing that strikes the people would have liked to do. Thus rockets modern reader is the strength of religious own, with a Diet convened every three years. must not be used in the synagogue on The deputies had also the less enviable duty faith shining through these pages. A long­ Simchat Torah, nor must women distribute standing quarrel between the congregations of assessing every Jew for taxation, which food and drink. Wedding presents and naturally caused occasional friction. They of Altona and Hamburg on the use of their parties are precisely regulated, dances al­ cemetery was immediately settled when news seem to have managed their affairs very lowed only on this occasion. Neither boys nor well, though. came through of the Messiah Sabbatai Zevi, girls may receive tuition in dancing. Pro­ unquestioningly believed: Hamburg, it was hibitions apply to going to a non-Jewish inn The most lucrative way of earning a living agreed, would have to pay the full amount of for drinking on Sabbath, to a skittle-alley or was, of course, to supply the Court, the mint fees, but if redemption had taken place by a fencing school, to card-playing, to riding on with silver, the Count with gold- and silver­ Hanuccah, 1666, these would be used for the horseback or in a coach, to boating on ware, silk goods, jewellery and wine, maybe restoration of the Temple! One's heart goes Sundays or Christian holidays. Hamburg did across the Prussian border the father of out in sympathy for the disappointment, nay have a standing opera since 1669, but women Frederick the Great with "tall lads" (lange despair these people were in for when they in Wandsbek were only allowed to visit it Kerle). Some of the Counts were as osten­ leamed that it had been a false Messiah after with their husbands, and in 1714 it was ab­ tatious as they were short of funds, so their all. solutely forbidden except during the Hanuc­ Court Jews were always in danger of bank­ Further, one admires the standard of ruptcy for not being paid. Below this social cah and Purim weeks. top layer, however, Jews were active in literacy in a predominantly analphabetic en­ So it will not be surprising that fashion, vironment: he who cannot read and write is trades and crafts of an astonishing variety: too, came in for the most minute restrictions: not only hawkers, publicans, bakers, butchers, not admitted by the Statutes to either a woman in chUdbed must not display silver franchise or eligibility for even the lowest tailors, shoemakers, seal engravers and lot­ or gold jewellery in her bedroom nor wear tery collectors such as might also be found function in the congregation. (The franchise pearls, gemstones or rings. Women are not was anyway limited to householders paying elsewhere, but among them were a saddler, allowed pearl necklaces, gold charms, or plumber, brushmaker, glazier, blue-dyer, property tax from at least 300 Rt [Reichs- jewellery with gem stones, including taler=ca, 3 Goldmark], assessed every three turner, tanner, joiner, vermin killer, tobacco imitated, and no precious furs. Coloured manufacturer, cotton and linen weavers, years). Related to this care for learning are dresses are only allowed if of wool but of regular vouchers of free board for students, makers of glass, parchment, sealing wax and silk only sleeves, and these not embroidered soap, a provider of mineral waters and a assigned as duty to every family. Ac­ with silver. Gloves and muffs with silver or cordingly, there is fierce competition for the Hebrew printer. In 1843, the govemment, in gold borders are forbidden, and likewise addition, tried to encourage Jews to become distinction in Talmudic learning, the title silver buttons, lace cuffs, coloured shoes or charer (companion), let alone morenu (our hatters, chandlers, wax-bleachers, glue-boilers, slippers. Girls are allowed false hair but for­ wafer-bakers, makers of combs, chocolate, teacher) to whose bearers precedence was ac­ bidden curls. Men must not use velvet for corded even in the synagogue service. pipes and playing-cards—with what success is suits, not even on lapels of coats. And so it not recorded. ch goes on and on... It must not have been easy * Michael GQnter, Die Juden in Lippe von 1648 bit zur * Heinz Mosche Graupe. Die Statuten der drei to be fashionable in these Jewish con­ Emanzipation 18S8. Ph.D. thesis, WQrzburg 1971, Natur- Gemeinden AHona, HamlMirg und Wandsbeic, (Hamburg gregations of the 17th century. wissenschaftlicher unci Historischer Verein fOr das Land (Hans Christians), 1973. Lippe, Detmold 1973. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION August, 1974

Egon Larsen at the Zurich Polytechnic where he had once been a student, Einstein began to work on his "General Theory of Relativity". It was published in 1916 when he was already head EINSTEIN: THE MAN BEHIND THE MYTH of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin. Later, he had to accept German Some years ago, a fellow-writer, Ronald laws hitherto unknown which govern cosmic nationality again, and did so with a good Clark—who had made a good name for him­ forces, the doctrine of a relative harmony in many psychological reservations; his early self with his biographies of J. B. S. Haldane nature", as Abba Eban, then Israeli Ambas­ dislike of the German mentality had become and the Huxleys and with his history of the sador in Washington, said shortly after almost an obsession, and Clark in his chapter nuclear bomb—asked me to help him with Einstein's death; the "concept of order and "A Jew in Berlin", tells of Einstein's spiri­ some German documents which he wanted to harmony in the universal design" was an "ob­ tual dilemma as a pacificist and in­ use for a new book he had been com­ session" of the Jewish mind. The long line of ternationalist working in, and for, wartime missioned to write for a British and an Jewish physicists in modem times could be Germany. Strangely enough, he liked the American publisher, a biography of Einstein. interpreted in this way; but whether true or Kaiser: "He meant well", he said. I was a little sceptical whether he could not, young Einstein's "conversion" to science make a good job of it, realising that he knew came at a time in his life when religion had The award of the Physics Nobel Prize to hardly any German at all. How, I wondered, no longer any attraction for him. "Later he Einstein in 1921—after the total eclipse of would he be able to cope with the formidable was to see both as different sides of the the sun in 1919 had largely confirmed his mass of biographical and background mat­ same coin", writes Clark, "as complementary "Theory of Relativity"—was the cue for an erial in that language, which would have to as the wave and corpuscle conceptions of antisemitic campaign against him in Ger­ be quoted, evaluated, worked into the story? light, and both just as necessary if one were many, while many scientific luminaries to see reality in the round". abroad bore a grudge against the boche who But he did cope, splendidly and most ef­ had run away with the coveted award. Again ficiently, and the result is the definitive Albert's time at the Luitpold Gymnasium he was the "outsider", but the absurdity biography of the greatest physicist of our in Munich, which he did not like at all, came of the situation appealed to his sense of time, a genius with a complex mind, and "the to an end when he was 16: family finances humour: there was a nation that had just lost twentieth century's most famous Jew", as the made it necessary that he should "forget his a Worid War; but one of their people had publisher's blurb puts it (Einstein: The Life philosophical nonsense", as his father said, managed to win the greatest award in the and Times by Ronald W. Clark; Hodder and and prepare himself for a "sensible trade" field of science, and how did they react? In­ Stoughton, London 1973, £5-50). There are such as electrical engineering. So he was sent stead of proudly claiming him as a genius some more points worth quoting from the to the Polytechnic in Ziirich after a short from their ranks, they disowned him, tried to blurb because they give an idea how little spell at Milan—his faimly had moved to prove him wrong, attacked him as a Jewish there is generally known about Einstein's Italy. It was in that unsettled period in his interloper and cheat. An "Arbeits­ life: that he "insisted on becoming stateless life that Albert made an extraordinary deci­ gemeinschaft Deutscher Naturforscher" was at 16, took Swiss nationality at 21, took up sion, a "remarkable explosion": he told his formed, backed by the same people who had German civic rights again at 40 ('one of the father that he wanted to renounce his been behind the Kapp Putsch; it offered money follies of my life', he wrote), might have German nationality. His "antagonism to all to those who would write or speak against become British, and ended his life as a Swiss- things German" seems to have sprung from Einstein. Mass meetings were held in the American"; that he was a pacifist whose sig­ his unhappy experiences at the strictly dis­ larger German towns; in Berlin they hired nature under a letter to Roosevelt started the ciplinarian Luitpold Gymnasium. At any rate the Philharmonie, and Einstein himself came development of the atom bomb, and who he became a "stateless person" and remained along, unannounced, to listen to their tirades worked for the US Navy's Bureau of Ord­ so until he could acquire Swiss citizenship against him. He burst into laughter at the nance; that he was first married to the when he came of age. Clark discounts more absurd statements and clapped his daughter of a Slav peasant; that he described another version of the story, that Albert sev­ hands in mock-applause, thus infuriating his himself, though a Zionist, as "pas tres Juif", ered his connections with the Jewish faith at enemies even more. At the end he said to and was offered the Presidency of Israel. the same time; there was nothing to sever. his companions: "That was most amusing"! Within well over 600 pages, illustrated It is little known that in 1911, when with many rare photographs (several of Einstein was appointed professor for a year Years later, a hundred Nazi professors them, alas, undated), the book brings at the German University of Prague, he had ganged up against him and published a book Einstein brilliantly to life—the man behind to accept, additionally to his Swiss nationality, in which they condemned his theory. "Were I the myth, the German Jew behind the the Austro-Hungarian one because he was re­ wrong", quipped Einstein, "one professor thinker who created a new concept of the garded as a civil servamt. would have been quite enough". world in which we live. There is a family The time he spent in Switzerland, his job Antisemitic attacks on Einstein increased tree which begins in the middle of the eight­ at the Beme Patent Office, his early scien­ in the 1920s. They came from all quarters, not eenth century, when Jewish girls were given tific papers culminating in the "Special only the scientists'. After the assassination of such romantic first names as Rosie and Theory of Relativity" in 1905 are too well Rathenau it was rumoured that Einstein was Vogele, Bliimle and Beerle; there were Kochs known to be recounted here. But it is an in­ next on the list. He thought of emigrating. and Bernheimers, Dorzbachers and teresting point that his famous mass-energy But gradually the personal problem was Sontheimers among Albert Einstein's an­ equation—E = mc'—was originally just a superseded by the general Jewish one. He cestors. They came from the Jewish com­ "follow-through" from the "Special Theory". had met Chaim Weizmann on a journey to munities in Buchau, Cannstatt, Jebenhausen, It was the equation which, stating that a very America in 1921, and the idea of Zionism Nordstetten and other small towns in Swabia; small amount of mass equals a vast amount took hold of him. He spoke at the crucial Albert's parents were the first to move to the of energy, was to become the terrible reality 16th Zionist Congress in Zurich in 1929. When "big city" of Ulm, where he was bom in of the atom bomb 40 years later. his children asked him why he had come to 1879, and where his father, Hermann, had a What is little known, however, is that he the Congress, he answered: "I am the Jewish small engineering workshop—^which, however, married a fellow student, Mileva Marie, the Saint". Yet he found himself at odds with the folded up only a year later. The family daughter of a Serb peasant, in 1903; the mar­ right-wing Zionists with his waming that moved to Munich. riage ended in divorce after several years. In unless the Jews "were willing to find some They were not religious Jews and were re­ 1917 he married a second time: his cousin ways of co-operating with the Arabs they garded as outsiders in the Munich Jewish Elsa nee Koch, a widow with two daughters. would deserve all that would be coming to community—but Albert was also an outsider It was a happy, comfortable marriage until them". His belief, says Clark, was that turn­ in the Catholic elementary school to which Elsa's death in 1936. "I'm glad my wife ing the other cheek to conciliate the Arabs he went, a pattem which was to "repeat doesn't know any science", Einstein used to was "morally right as well as practically itself through much of his life", as Clark say. "My first wife did". workable". Simultaneously, Einstein's attitude says. There was a pre-puberty period when Before the First World War, as a professor to the Germans was hardening under the the boy was attracted by the "splendid trap­ impact of his experiences. He had once pings" of Bavarian Catholicism; he had looked on assimilation as a mistake; now he grown "sensitive to beauty, abnormally sen­ BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE began to think of it as an impossibility. sitive to music". Then, soon after the age of 51 Belsize Square. London. N.W.3 On a pre-emigration trip to England in the twelve, he made the decision which was to SYNAGOGUE SERVICES summer of 1933 he had lunch with Sir determine the course of his life: to study the are held regularly on tho Eve of Sabbath Austen Chamberlain in the latter's Surrey physical world in which we live. mansion, where he was asked to sign the It was a perfectly logical transition, from and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day visitors' book. In the column "address" he put, the religious pageantry that had fUled the at 11 a.m. ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED after a moment of hesitation, "ohne". He eyes and ears of the boy to the "search for met Churchill and Lindemann who shared his AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 Page 7 EINSTEIN: THE MAN BEHIND THE MYTH Birthday Tributes

Continued from page 6 PROFESSOR ERNST COHN 70 pessimism about the future of Germany and Yet three years later, he stepped into the On August 7, Professor Dr. Ernst Cohn will Europe. Meanwhile, the Fehme had put a limelight of public life once again. Eighty- celebrate his 70th birthday. An eminent jurist, price on Einstein's head as the alleged co­ three-old Bertrand Russell turned to him for he became university lecturer in 1929 and an author of the Braunbuch. "I didn't write a help with his campaign against the nuclear ordinary Professor of Law at the University word of it", he said. In October, he was again arms race: "We both opposed the first of his home town, Breslau, in 1932. He emi­ in England—boarding a boat in Southampton World War but considered the second grated to this country when the Nazis came for America, "only for six months", as he unavoidable", he wrote to Einstein. "I think to power and has been a barrister in London that eminent men of science ought to do since 1937. After the war, he was for four told reporters. He was to stay at Princeton years legal consultant to the British Foreign for the rest of his life. something dramatic to bring home to the Office. Professor Cohn is not only an expert The book gives a clear account of what has public and governments the disasters that adviser to many clients, but his opinion is become the greatest of all myths about may occur". Einstein not only agreed to join also often sought by Law Courts in proceed­ Einstein—his role in the creation of the nu­ the campaign, he wrote to Bohr, Nehru and ings where questions of general importance, clear bomb. It was, in fact, "singularly other famous men, asking them to sign the especially in the field of Intemational Law, dramatic", as Clark puts it. Niels Bohr had manifesto Russell was preparing. The cam­ have to be decided. He also has several stan­ brought the news of Professor Hahn's dis­ paign, though unable to stop the nuclear dard works, including a Manual of German arms race, led to the Pugwash Conferences of Law, and numerous articles on legal problems covery of nuclear fission at the Kaiser Wil­ to his credit. At the same time. Professor helm Institute to America. Leo Szilard, leading scientists from more than a dozen Cohn has always played a leading role in Jew­ fellow-physicist and fellow-refugee from eastern and western countries. ish affairs. His knowledge in the Jewish reli­ Berlin, discussed with Einstein and other Einstein's last public act was an In­ gious and historical sphere exceeds that of scientists the danger that Hitler's physicists dependence Day manifesto for Israel in 1955, the average layman and is on a par with that might devise a technique for producing a While he was still drafting it at the request of the professional specialist. One of the latest chain-reaction bomb. Szilard drafted a short of Ambassador Abba Eban, and the Israeli examples is his essay on "Three Jewish letter to President Roosevelt early in August, Consul, Reuven Dafni, he fell ill. The end was Lawyers of Germany", published in the 1972 Leo Baeck Institute Year Book and describ­ 1939, and Einstein signed it. But who should near. On his deathbed "he was muttering in ing the lives of Max Hachenburg, Max Pappen­ get the letter to the President? Surprisingly, German, the language of his despised com­ heim and Otto Opet against the general back­ the two men agreed on Charles Lind­ patriots, still the only tongue with which he ground of the position of Jewish scholars in bergh—known to have certain Nazi sym­ felt comfortable. It was with Germans that he Germany. He has also been associated with pathies—as the "postman". But to make sure had first won his spurs, and in Berlin that the North-Westem Reform Synagogue since that Roosevelt knew exactly what they were he had become world-famous. It was only in its inception and is now its president; his talking about, they wrote and signed another, German that he could contemplate the course predecessors in this high office were Rabbi Dr. longer letter, the famous and often-quoted of his life: his dedication to science and the Leo Baeck and Professor Norman Bentwich, one warning the President that a single bomb subjugation of everything else; the self-im­ Professor Cohn is an interested member of of that type might be able to destroy a whole posed emotional asceticism; his belief that the AJR and a personal friend of several of port together with the surrounding country­ the human race was naturally aggressive and its officers. We wish him many years of undiminished creative power, for the benefit side. What was needed, Einstein stressed, was Germans more aggressive than the rest. It of legal and Jewish scholarship. some contact between the US administration was in German that the last thoughts of one W.R. and the physicists who were working on of the greatest brains since Newton's came to chain-reaction problems. the surface through the unconscious mind." "I made one great mistake in my life", DR. HENRY G. SANDHEIM 75 Einstein said 15 years later to Linus Pauling, "when I signed the letter to President On August 2, Dr. Henry G, Sandheim will Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be celebrate his 75th birthday. Before he came made; but there was some justification—the to this country, he was a lawyer in Berlin. danger that the Germans would make them". HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN At the outbreak of the Second World War He was talking about that second letter; for he joined H.M, Forces and was discharged on the note to Lindbergh, asking him to act as a medical pounds in 1941. After the war he go-between, seems to have got "lost in the established himself as a lawyer for restitution and compensation cases and in this capacity heavy mail that come that year", as the he has been of outstanding help to his numer­ famous airman said later. Had Szilard and Specialist Shippers ous clients whom he still assists with their Einstein relied on Lindbergh alone, the claims for German Social Security Pensions. "Manhattan Project"—the development of the Dr. Sandheim has been chairman of the nuclear bomb by the tremendous effort of Ex-Service (1943) Association since 1970. He the Allied scientists, backed by America's Fine Wines Unique Liqueurs is also an interested Board member of the vast resources—would probably not have hap­ AJR and chairman of the FWV, the former pened. That second letter reached the Presi­ students' fratemity. We extend our sincerest dent by way of his trusted adviser, the // you enjoy wines congratulations to him. economist Alexander Sachs. Roosevelt acted at once, write for our latest free Ust "The pacifist who regarded all war as murder", says Clark, "had helped to push the which is full of fascinating buttons that killed 120,000. Now there was to TRANSLATION OF SHAKESPEARE'S come a final twist. In 1952 the image of the information, maps, vintage reports SONNETS old eccentric, pottering along in his sev­ enties, was to be bmsquely shattered. Albert A modern translation into German by Alfred Einstein, the man who had always decried and charts, descriptions, wines Fields of all 154 Sonnets by Shakespeare was force, was invited to become President of recently published in Germany.* It shows on for laying down each page the English original and, facing it, Israel . . . the State which had successfully the German translation. "The author has suc­ staked out its frontiers by force of arms and cessfully accomplished the diflScult task of was defending them against all-comers". rendering the rhythm and the rhymes of the The suggestion, "splendid in its audacity if original without departing in the choice of grotesque in its implications", followed the his words from their English equivalent. Un­ death of Chaim Weizmann, Israel's first fortunately, Alfred Fields, who was bom in HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN Gennany and came to this country in 1939, President. Prime Minister Ben-Gurion made did not live to see his outstanding work pub­ it; but Einstein "refused to take the idea lished. He died this March at the age of 70, seriously" when Abba Eban rang him from 53/79 Highgate Road, London, NWS 1RR Washington. "Einstein was visibly moved", re­ called Eban, "but his rejection was firm and Choose Hallgarten—Choose Fine Wines * Shaicespeare's Sonette. Englisch und Deutscli. vehement: 'I know a little about nature', he Uebersetzt von Alfred Fields. J. G. Blaeschice. Verlag Darmstadt. DM 12.80. (Copies available through Hans said, 'and hardly anything about men'." Preiss, 14 Bury Place, London, W.C,1,) AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 Page 8 up in 1941 under Vogel's chairmanship, but Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) the union was not able to exert much in­ fluence. The conflicts about the "mandate" of the old leadership were followed by heated ar­ GUARDIANS OF 100 GATES guments with the "Vansittartists" within their own ranks. The German socialists were future peace settlement. According to Rabbi cold-shouldered during the war by the After Jews had begun to live outside of the Labour Party, mainly due to the hostility of walled City of Jerusalem, some very colourful Blau's secretary, Rabbi Moshe Hirsch, they do not care whether the mle is Jordanian or the party's then International Secretary Wil­ and picturesque quarters sprang up. Such a liam Gillies (1884-1958) to everything quarter is Mea Shearim, "100 Gates", built in Palestinian. Asked whether the community would consent to be ruled by a government German. (GUlies had, however, been in­ 1874 around a series of courtyards, each with strumental in rescuing the SPD-leadership its synagogue, Yeshiva (Talmudic Academy), set up by terrorist organisations, he said that it would accept any Arab government which after the collapse of France,) While in­ Mikve (Ritual bath) and shops. It still main­ dividual German refugees were able to con­ tains its original appearance, with stone had the sanction of the United Nations. Mea tribute to the war effort of the allies either houses one or three storeys high, vaulted Shearim, he pointed out, one of the first out­ by joining the British army or by working arches, quaint courts and part of its pro­ posts in Old Jerusalem, is today the symbol for the BBC's German programme and the tecting wall and entrance gates. The bearded of the last bastion of the original Jewish sett­ various "black" broadcasting networks, the men wear the traditional garb of East Euro­ lers of Palestine who refuse to recognise the organised German Socialist movement was pean Jewry—long, dark caftans, round, black, right of nationalistic Jews to represent or not admitted in any shape or form as an ally broad-brimmed hats on weekdays and velvet govern them. in the fight against Hitler, From the in­ fur-trimmed "Shtreimels" on Sabbaths and "Give us, with your dedicated and sensitive formal international socialist gatherings, ar­ holidays; the young boys wear the earlocks attention, a chance to find the way to be ranged during the war in London by Gillies, ordained in the Bible, and the girls long free . . . save us from the subjugation of the the German (and the Austrian) socialists stockings and long sleeves. apostatic. Godless government of this were excluded. Gillies favoured a small group The inhabitants, approximately 3,000, hail country", reads the appeal to the American of German writers and journalists preaching mainly from Poland and Hungary and live President. "We desire to be annexed to any the gospel of Vansittartism, without ex­ largely within the precincts of their court­ other rule or govemment that His Excellency tending any form of recognition to them. yards and immediate family and community. shall devise or form or under the protection They call themselves "Neturei Karta", the of any other body he shall decide, save that "Guardians of the City", and living as they of this present rule which has arisen among Socialists and Communists do in Jerusalem, they are the only Jews who the Jews to cause them to forget their tradi­ have refused to extend recognition to the tion and make them transgress the will of Another bone of contention was the State of Israel, What they resent most, is the Almighty, converting the Jewish people question of collaboration with the Com­ that Jemsalem has become part of the into a secular nationality". munists after Hitler's attack on the Soviet Jewish State and, moreover, its capital. Again Union. The old Parteivorstand consistently and again, they have tried to place Mea rejected any political contacts with the (Com­ Shearim outside its jurisdiction, as a kind of /. W. Bruegel munists. Other groups with less inhibitions extra-territorial conclave. Together with the sometimes tried their luck in this direction THE GERMAN POLITICAL EMIGRATION but in most cases had to give up again when, Vatican, they have favoured the In- after 1943, the Communists followed the teraationalisation of Jerusalem; they even IN GREAT BRITAIN Moscow line and indulged in a kind of prefer Arab rule to Jewish mundane domina­ Werner Roder's book about the Gennan "Hyper-Vansittartism." Things were a bit dif­ tion for they think that the Zionists, by ferent inside the trade union group formed establishing a Jewish State based on secular socialist emigre groups in Britain, originally published in 1968, has now come out in a under the auspices of the International Trade principles, have forestalled the coming of the Union Federation out of German emigres Messiah. second edition.* It is far more than the title of the book indicates. The young German working in Britain: here the Communists historian W. Roder, now working in the were fully represented without being able to Black Flags on Independence Day Munich Institut fiir Zeitgeschichte, gives not dominate it. In its refusal to have anything only a nearly full picture of the activities of to do with the Communists the group round The leaders of Neturei Karta are the all German exile groups on British soil in­ the old Parteivorstand always argued that it 81-year-old Rabbi Anram Blau'* and Rabbi cluding those which by no stretch of imagina­ was necessary to stick to the old tradition of Aaron Katzenellenbogen, whose rare public tion could be classified as "socialist", but the party, because some day one would have to appearances have made him something of a contributes many interesting details about give account to the people at home. But in mystery man. A short time ago, on the 100th the political attitude of the German political the atmosphere of and after 1945, there were anniversary of the founding of Mea Shearim, emigration in other countries (Czechoslovakia other worries in Germany and nobody Neturei Karta demanded that the United up to 1938, France, Sweden and USA). bothered about the attitude of the exile! The dismal story of frustration is well told Nations provide for them a Protectorate in A Story of Failure Jerusalem, U.N. travel documents, and re­ by Dr, Roder who based his research work store their religious rights to custodianship The story of the German socialist emigra­ mainly on the archives of the SPD in Bonn- over Jewish Holy Sites in the Holy Land. tion in Great Britain is one of failure and Of particular interest are the various draft disappointments. At the end of 1940, the 1933 programmes for a better Germany after Each year, on the State's Independence Day, Hitler, discussed between the emigre groups they proclaim a day of mourning—black flags elected SPD-leadership managed to come to England from France, but the mandate of the during the war in England; most of them are are hoisted at half-mast and all Jewry is old Parteivorstand, insisting to be the only published here for the first time. An internal being called upon to join in the fast, ex­ legitimate speaker of the legal party, had report submitted by the Reichsvereinigung pressing their grief and sorrow at the "sac been contested by many through all the der Juden in Deut^chland to the Reichs- riligiousness and desecration by the Zionist years. New socialist groups had arisen in sicherheits - Hauptamt in November 1941 pest that has contaminated nearly all of exile (some even before), refusing to re­ and discovered by Dr. Roder says that 32,197 Israel in the Holy Land and abroad". cognise the authority of the party's chairman Jews from Germany, 27,293 from Austria and "We do hope and pray", so the call of the Hans Vogel (1881-1945) and his entourage. 6,874 from the "Protectorate Bohemia and Rabbis goes on, "that after the passing of the Only after tortuous negotiations a union of Moravia" had emigrated to Great Britain. State of Israel the world powers will realise all democratic-socialist groups including the The second edition of Roder's book differs their mistake of giving the reigns of the group round the Parteivorstand could be set from the first one in two comparatively small Jewish People into the hands of the Zionist- points only. Meanwhile, the files of the Brit­ run Jewish Agency and its outgrowth, the ish Foreign Office and of the Ministry of IP' State of Israel, and recognise the authentic BECHSTEIN STONWAY BLUTHNER formation up to 1945 have become available God-fearing leaders of the Jewish people, as Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS for researchers (while those of the Home spokesmen for world Jewry". Office remain closed for 100 years), and " When President Nixon visited Israel in Always Interested in purchasing seems a rewarding task for a historian to June, the leader of Neturei Karta submitted well-preserved instruments. compare what they contain about the German to him a memorandum asking him that Mea emigration in Britain with the conclusions ar­ JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. rived at by Dr. Roder in his book. Shearim be placed under Arab rule in any 142 Edgware Road, W.2 ' Rabbi Blau died last month after this article was Tel.: 723 8818/9. * Werner Roder, Die deulsclien sozlallstlschen ExilgruP' written.—The Ed. pen In Groisbritannlen 1940-1945, Bonn 1973. AJK INPUKMATIOIV August, 1974 Page 9 Gabriele Tergit FROM EAST TO WEST Imported Craftsmanship DIE TOTGESAGTEN "Ex oriente lux", we used to say, thinking Ein Cedichtband in the first place of the creative powers of those Eastern countries which are situated Wir sind nicht frei von Vorurteilen. Wer Ghetto, "zur Weisheit von Talmud und Recht", more or less in the direct vicinity of Europe. konnte das auch verlangen, Der Hass, der Er weiss, nie hat bei uns die Ehre das In his work "Civilisation on Loan"* Heinz Antisemitismus hatte auf uns abgefarbt, Totschiessen verlangt. Genau das hat Llewellyn, Kiewe goes one step further, tracing the jiddisch wurde mauscheln genannt, wir waren der Veriasser von "How green was my valley" origin of European art and craftmanship •empfindlich gegen jiidischen Tonfall, gegen am BBC gesagt. Er ist nach Israel gegangen, back to the Far East, especially to China. jiidische Grammatik, sogar gegen jUdisches "Es ist gut unter solchen Menschen zu The author is well known within the com­ Aussehen, weil wir durch die Jahrhunderte leben". "In der Weisheit von Talmud und munity of former refugees. At the same time, daran gewohnt worden waren, dass dies alles Recht." he has established a reputation for himself in benutzt wurde uns zu verhohnen. Nun hat also his profession by his crafts workshop, which ein in London lebender Nichtjude, Amo "An einem geschnitzten Tisch, gerettet aus he opened in Kensington and later, after Reinfrank,* ein Buch Gedichte und Kurzprosa Miinchen having been bombed out, moved to Oxford. veroffentlicht, die die Juden und das Jiidische Auf einem gestickten Deckchen, Geschenk There designers, artists, embroiderers, zum Inhalt haben. aus Jerusalem, crocheters and weavers were helped to de­ Da mich vieles davon bewegte, obwohl es Neben einem Silberkbrbchen, gefiillt mit velop an industry in handmade goods, eine deutschsprachige judische Zeitung "pein­ Matzos, hitherto imported mainly from France, Ger­ lich" genannt hatte, erhob sich wieder einmal liegen zwei schwere, blanke, meisterlich an many and Austria, die Frage, "Dari man?", "Kann man?" oder der Drehbank hergestellte, Mr Kiewe was brought up in Koenigsberg "Darf man nicht?" In solcher Unsicherheit fur die Flugzeugindustrie bestimmte Schrau­ where in 1901 his father buUt the first fragte ich einen befreundeten polnisch- ben . . ." modern department store in Art Nouveau jiidischen Gelehrten. Er las das Buch und Der Rechtsanwalt Sigi P. aus Miinchen hat style; in 1928 it was converted into the first sagte: "Nichts davon peinlich, einiges sogar sie in den Lehrlingskursen der englischen skyscraper of the city in a style which suited sehr schon". Reinfrank ist besessen vom Regierung im Krieg hergestellt. Die Witwe the atmosphere of its medieval market en­ Jiidischen wie nur einer von uns, von zwei hiitet diese Schrauben, legt sie an der Jahrzeit vironment. He had to leave Germany "in a Seiten her; er lebt unter Juden, und sein neben die Kerze. hurry" in 1933, having published "a study of Vaterland ist durch den Hass auf diese Ein schones Buch einer manchmal verwor- the 'invasion' of 30,000 'barbaric' Scotsmen renen aber bemiihten Seele. into East Prussia, implying that their Menschen trotz aller wirtschaftlichen Macht traditional canniness must have been a good zerstort worden und noch immer menschlich- influence on , , , East Prussian military geistig gefahrdet. Solche Vomrteilsfreiheit, * Arno Reinfranl<: Die Totgesagten. Moderne Juedische SchlclcsalsdMhtung, Relief Verlag Muenchen 1973, prowess". solche Liebe sollte begriisst werden, denn er versucht aufs wesentliche zu kommen, im Interviewed on the objective of his book Gegensatz zum Beispiel zu dem nicht zufallig WJC AWARD by a correspondent of Oxford's Weekly getauften Tucholsky, der Judentum an dem Sports and Leisure Guide, "Oxford Scene" The governing council of the World Jewish (March 9, 1974), Heinz Kiewe states that he verschreckten tief unsicheren Wendriner Congress recently met in Lausanne. A WJC verhohnt. "Ich sitze fiir mein Leben gern bei has tried to show "how much of the in­ Award was established to honour individuals credibly large heritage of strictly European Cohen's, einem Mini Restaurant", und dann regardless of religion, for humanitarian serv­ art of design was effectively inspired or beschreibt er fast, nicht ganz, unsentimental ices in political life, the sciences and public diesen Familienbetrieb, diesen Fleiss, diese or philanthropic activities, as well as to 'borrowed' from the Orient". This, as the book humanity at large or to the Jewish people. shows, applies both to material, especially silk, Bescheidenheit und diese Zufriedenheit, die and to architecture, garden design and fumi­ mich mit tiefster Bewundemng fiir einen ture. Kiewe proves his thesis by beautifully Apfelsinensaftverkaufer in Tel-Aviv erfiillte, reproduced pictures, which fill the major part der bei 16 stundiger Arbeit, sechs Tage die of the work, and by the historical and analy­ Woche in Glut und tropischem Regen, zufrieden tical explanations of the text. Of course, due war, credit is also given to the role of the Jews as Reinfrank liebt Mendele, den Grammaphon- middlemen in the East-West trade from early spieler in Pettycoat Lane, er spricht ein sehr OUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX beginnings up to our times. schones Kaddisch fur Paul Celan, d-er die Zeilen schrieb: "Setz deine Fahne auf Haibmast, The publication is not meant to be read Erinnemng auf haibmast fiir jetzt und immer", LTD. from cover to cover at one go. Yet the in­ der in der Ecole Normale Superieure, deutsch formation in the text is stimulating, and the lehrte- "Nur die Konzentration aufs reine variety of illustrations gives enjoyment on Wort, nichts anderes gab es. In der Rue d'Ulm every page one happens to open. Our friend in Paris die rabbinische Zucht aus Czernowitz". Kiewe is to be congratulated on his Ich fin'de das eine Welt, dieser Jude in achievement, Czeraowitz geboren, aus einem KZ in Ruma­ WJl. nien befreit, der in einer der von franzosicher * Civllltation on Loan, by Heinz Edgar Kiewe with Kultur strotzenden grossen Schule—was lehrt? Michael Biddulph and Victor Woods. A.N.I. Ltd., Ship Deutsch. Oder der Touristenstrom in Prags Street, Oxford. 1973. 548 pp. with 347 pp, of illustrations, Museumssynagogen, wo ein Anschlag um Dunbee House C8-50, Bed'sckung des Hauptes bittet, was kaum einer tut wahrend sie alle oben im Veits-Dom ihr 117 Great Portland Street, Haupt entblossen, wahrend die Offiziere der Roten Armee in den Kreml-Kirchen ihre Mut- "NO DANGER FROM EXTREMISTS" 7en abtun. "Aber hier ist man 'nur' bei Juden." London, W.l Und dann die Stellung zu Deutschland; ' Zieht Statement by Govemment Office es mich hin, wo ich als Kind mit andern According to the annual report 1973 of the Kindera spielte? Bin ich getrennt nicht Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Spreu im Wind, gehor ich nicht zum Ganzen? the right-wing and left-wing extremists do not Ich liebe dieses Land und kann doch nicht Tel. 01-580 3264'0878 (P.B.X.) present an acute danger to the Federal Re­ auf Grabern tanzen." Oder. public. The extreme left-wing organisations, "Es toben die Glocken es toben die Glocken the report states, had some success at the universities but were not able to extend the das ist mein Land mein Land ist das nicht Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, political basis of their work to the organisa­ das ist mein Kreuz m^ein Kreuz ist das nicht tions of the labourers. "Special vigilance", the das ist mein Gott mein Gott ist das nicht..." TELEX. report goes on, "is necessary to prevent terror acts by the left-wing extremists." The Er weiss dies ist das Ziel, dass Schwerter report comes to the conclusion that terrorist umgeschmiedet werden in Pflugscharen, und INT. TELEX 2-3540 activities by foreign organisations, which cul­ er schreibt "Wenn Trommeln wo schlagen und minated in the camage during the Olympic Trauergebete bevorstehen" fliichtet er ins Games in 1972, were on the decline Page 10 AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 JEWRY IN THE EAST TRAINING FOR RABBINATE The Soviet Government has given approval for ten young men to receive rabbinical SETTLEMENT OUTSIDE ISRAEL KGB ARRESTS training at the Budapest Jewish Theological At the annual immigration conference of On the eve of President Nixon's visit to Seminary headed by Rabbi Alexander United Hias Service, the international Jewish Moscow, the KGB arrested more than 50 Scheiber. This was announced in Moscow by migrafion organisation, it was announced that Jewish activists, most of whom received sen­ Rabbi Arthur Schneier, the president of the Soviet Jewish emigrants who wanted to settle tences of 15 days' imprisonment. Appeal of Conscience Foundation, who also in the United States were being dealt with Included among those arrested were sev­ heads the Park Lane Synagogue in New very quickly. In the first few months of 1974, eral of the main organisers of a scientific York. about 1,800 Soviet Jews were helped by Hias seminar which was prevented by the The cost of the candidates' training will be to settle in America, as well as in Canada, authorities from taking place. Visas to West­ New Zealand, Australia and other countries. borne partly by Soviet Jewry and partly by ern scientists who had accepted invitations to the Foundation. The organisation's main concerns in the attend were also refused. The scientists in­ year ahead will be Syrian Jewry and Soviet volved in the seminar denied officially in­ Jewry. Hias is also keeping an alert watch on spired accusations that it had been arranged BULGARIAN DEATH SENTENCE the unstable and rapidly changing situation to coincide with President Nixon's visit to in Latin America, which has a total Jewish Moscow. population of some 800,000, A Sofia court passed sentence of death on A statement issued by more than twelve Dr. Heinrich Nathan Shpeter, a prominent JEWISH OFFICE HOLDERS Jewish activists about the arrests stated it Bulgarian Jewish economist, who was accused was not known whether President Nixon's of giving secret information to an unnamed In the recent elections to the Supreme impending visit had _been the reason or foreign country over a period of several Soviet, six Jewish deputies were returned. simply an excuse for the stepping up of re­ years. The Soviet of the Union (one of the two pression against Jews. There had never been Houses making up the Supreme Soviet) re­ anything like it before. Dr. Shpeter worked with the Vienna-based elected for a fourth four-year term Mr. Ben­ United Nations Industrial Development Or­ ganisation (Unido) for a number of years, jamin E. Dymshitz, a Deputy Prime Mini­ EMIGRATION CENTRE ster of the Soviet Union, and academician and ifs staff have expressed "profound Yuli B. Khariton. A third new deputy is Mr. The Austrian Red Cross is to move its stag­ shock" at the sentence. Their staff committee Henrik O. Zimanas and the fourth Jew in the ing centre for Soviet Jews emigrating to has appealed to Dr. Kurt Waldheim, the UN Soviet of Nationalities, is Mr. Alexander B. Israel from a disused army barracks at Woel- Secretary-General, and Professor Abdul Chakovsky, the editor of Litrumaya Gazeta. lersdorf, south of Vienna, to a former con­ Rahman, the director-general of its organisa­ Birobidjan, the so-called Jewish vent in the southern suburbs near Schwechat tion, to intercede with the Bulgarian Autonomous Region, has five deputies in the airfield. The Red Cross is responsible for the authorities "on humanitarian grounds". The Soviet of Nationalities. Two of them are Jews: transit arrangements in the country for Jews issue has also been raised by other pro­ Mr. Lev B. Shapiro, first secretary of the leaving the Soviet Union. minent personages. Birobidjan regional committee of the Soviet It is felt by some that this move to the The Austrian section of Amnesty In­ Communist Party, and Miss Lubov Israelevna Simmering district could bring the risk of ternational has instructed a Vienna lawyer to Groysman, a dressmaker, both newly elected. Arab terrorist attacks. help Dr, Shpeter with his appeal.

FAMILY EVENTS COMPANION REQUIRED for Accommodation Wanted Personal elderly lady, partially handicapped, Entries in the column Family mentally alert, returning from WANTED TO RENT, unfurnished ATTRACTIVE WIDOW would like Events are free of charge. Texts hospital to her 2-room flat, near modern or modernised self-con­ to meet a retired gentleman aged should he sent in by the 15th of tube station, N.W.S. Full time or tained garden flat with sole use about 65 years for companionship- the mcmth. part-time, salary by agreement. of garden, central Golders Green, (London area.) Box 405. Box 410. 2-3 rooms, modern conveniences, central heating. Write to: Piltdown WIDOWER, Viennese, seeks attrac­ Birthday The AJR EMPLOYMENT Property Co., Ltd., 73, Highfield tive, intelligent lady, 55-60, pre­ AGENCY needs par t-time Gardens, London, N.W.ll 9HA. ferably North - West London. The AJR Club sends best wishes to Home-helps (shopping/cooking), Object: friendship or eventual Mrs. Nelly Engel, who celebrates companions and attendants for Miscellaneous marriage. Box 409. her 80th birthday on August 4. the elderly who require personal assistance Please telephone: WANTED, Rosenthal, Maria Weiss MISSING PERSONS 01-624 4449 for an appointment. and Tirana teacups, coffeecups, Deaths saucers for own use, Tel,: 01-883 Personal Enquiries 4315. Eckstein .—Mrs. Cilly Claire Else Hamburger and Ilse Kaschny, Eckstein, London (formerly of Situations Wanted MIDDLE-AGED LADY wants chess born about 1917, former pupils Berlin), passed away peacefully partner. Box 414. of Augustaschule, Breslau, immi­ on June 15, in her 82nd year. She Women grated to this country before the will always be remembered and GRAPHIC WORK OF HECKEL, war. Wanted by Suse Friedlander sadly missed by her friends, Irma CONTINENTAL LADY, German- Schiele, Feininger, etc., required (nee Eylenburg), 48, Frognal, and Harry Mayer, Jacqueline and speaking, seeks non-residential to purchase by collector. Tele­ Robert. position as nursing companion. London, N.W.S. Also night duty and as travelling phone : 01-876 9202 or write Box companion. Box 408. 413. Eisler.—Mrs. Gertrud Eisler, of 36 EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS Holmefield Court, Belsize Grove, GERMAN-SPEAKING REFUGEE, London, N.W.S (formerly of AND RESTYLING. All kinds of AJR MEALS-ON-WHEELS also fluent English and Czech, fur work undertaken by first-class Vienna), died peacefully on July aged 45, suitable for senior clerical 14, aged 88. Very sadly missed by renovator and stylist, many years' SERVICE work, including bookkeeping, experience and best references. Walter Power's daughters and A, seeks responsible position. Box 412. DO YOU? Papamarkou and all her many Phone 01452 5867, after 5 p.m. friends. ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, for appointment, Mrs F. Philipp, Have a car? etc., undertaken by ladies on our 44 Ellesmere Road, Dollis Hill. Some time to spare in the register. Phone AJR Employment London, N.W.IO. Mayer.—Mr. Ludwig Mayer, 5 morning on either Cholmley Gardens, N.W.6, peace­ Agency, 01-624 4449. PROPERTY MANAGEMENT. Fully fully passed away in April. Deeply qualified legal adviser to leading Mondays-Wednesdays- moumed by his wife. Else, and Accommodation Vacant estate agents with many years Fridays ? daughter. eJcperience managing properties, WOULD YOU ? ELDERLY LADY, in centrally willing to undertake in spare time CLASSIFIED heated flat near Hampstead Tube similar for private owners for Join our team of voluntary Station, looks for a mature person initial discussion without fee or Thc charge in these columns is who would like a nice quiet room. obligation. Contact Box 411. drivers who deliver meals- 15p for five vxrrds. Some company desirable in the on-wheels to the elderly evenings. Nominal charge. Tel., evenings, 01-435 1792. BRIDGE MEETFINGS of our community ? Situations Vacant I am trying to arrange Women BEDSITTER in quiet house, share regular weekly Bridge Meet­ It is an easy and rewarding job! fitted kitchen, dining room, bath­ ings, Highgate, Golders COMPANION HOUSEKEEPER for room. One minute tube, buses, Green, Hampstead, for my F=or information please contact: one lady, small modem flat. Marble shops, park. No rent but expenses sister, young, healthy, 85 Mrs. S. Pianke Arch area, domestic help available. towards electricity, gas, etc. Tel.: years old. Box 407. AJR Officas, 824 9096/7 Good wages. Apply Box 406. 01-455 1948 or write Box 415. AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 Page 11

MURDER IN NAHARIA FROM THE ISRAELI SCENE The news about the terror act in Naharia will have come as a particular shock to our DISCRIMINATION ALLEGED WAGNER CONTROVERSY readers, because many of them have relatives or friends at that seaside resort whose foun­ Mony Yakim, a leading member of the Forty-eight hours before a concert by the ders and earliest settlers were Jews from Black Panthers of Israel, addressed a meet­ Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, music by Germany. In an attack by three members of ing held by the information office of the Wagner was dropped from the programme El Fatah on a block of flats, a kindergarten Zionist Federation at Rex House, London. because of the prospect of violent protests. A teacher, Mrs. Erica Zarkin, her daughter, Referring to the fight by the Black Pan­ statement by the orchestra said that it under­ Ronit (10), and her son, Gilad (4), were mur­ thers against "discrimination" by the Israel stood the sensitivity of the public, especially dered. One of the Israeli soldiers also lost his Government towards Oriental Jews in Israel, the survivors of the Holocaust, over the life, and the three Arabs were killed. Mr, Yakira said there was no real indication issue. However, the statement added, the IPO by the govemment that the gap between rich felt hat these feelings should not be forced CHANCELLOR HEALEY ON MIDDLE EAST and poor was narrowing. He spoke of the on the entire population. lack of educational opportunities for Oriental The IPO made it clear that the reason for Addressing the annual dinner of the Pio­ children, of frustration and dejection among its decision to "postpone indefinitely" the neer Women, Chancellor Denis Healey stated many Sephardi citizens, and of the "3,000 playing of music by Wagner was threats that the kibbutz remained a shining example young Oriental girls between the ages of 13 made against members of the orchestra as to all Socialists. "My heart was heavy during to 16 now on the road to prostitution". The well as the audience. the Yom Kippur War. I shared the agonies Panthers, he declared, wanted to solve The music of Wagner and also of Richard suffered by so many of my friends in Israel's basic social problems and to create a Strauss is thus still excluded from the reper­ Israel", Mr. Healey went on. Turning to the rnore just society. There should above all be toire of Israeli orchestras. future policy, he emphasised that co-opera­ freedom of expression for speech, demonstra­ tion between Arabs and Israel was impossible tion and the written word, he said, claiming THE PANOVS without compromise. that Panthers were beaten up by police when they held meetings. Speaking to a press conference in Tel CROSSMAN FOREST Mr. Yakim in visiting Britain and other Aviv, Valery and Galina Panov, the dismissed Leningrad Kirov Ballet dancers who arrived A nationwide appeal is to be launched by countries in Europe hopes to raise support the Zionist Federation to plant a forest in for his cause; to obtain funds to set up a in Israel, told of the KGB's "well organised campaign of harassment" against them. Israel in memory of Mr Richard Crossman. newspaper for the Oriental community and to Mr Harold Miller, chairman of the appeal organise committees in Britain. Mr Panov said that the KGB had kept up pressure to force Galina to leave him. He re­ and deputy chairman of the ZF, said that the peated that the KGB had attempted to poison name of Richard Crossman would always be CONCESSIONS TO VATICAN him three weeks before he left the Soviet linked with that of Israel and the Jewish Union, when he and his brother drank people. His outlook and attitudes had been In a major address to cardinals at the poisoned tea on the Vilnius-Moscow train. wholeheartedly behind the Zionist cause. Vatican, Pope Paul VI made a number of re­ The Panovs have been invited by Baroness ferences to the Middle East. He expressed Bathsheva de Rothschild to join her Batsheva SILVER JUBILEE AT BRITISH KIBBUTZ satisfaction at what had already been dance company in Tel Aviv. Mr Panov has The Israel Office of the British Zionist achieved and his good wishes for what re­ received a number of invitations, including mained to be achieved, as well as sincere Federation marked its 25th anniversary by a one from the British Royal Festival Ballet celebration for several hundred settlers at friendship towards all the peoples of the Company, but stated he would not decide for region. Kibbutz Amiad in Galilee. They were mainly a few months, until he got back into physical from the 25 or so kibbutzim and other com­ Vatican sources have expressed satisfaction shape, munal settlements established and supported at the decision of the Israeli Government to primarily by settlers from Britain and the exempt its Christian citizens from paying AWARDS travel tax for a pilgrimage to the Vatican Commonwealth countries. The guest of during the forthcoming Holy Year. The ar- The six recipients of the Israel Prize 1974 honour was Lord Janner, president of the i^ngement was reached in Rome by the include Professor Hugo Bergman, Emeritus Zionist Federation, Mr. Sol Temkin, the foun­ director-general of the Israeli Ministry of Professor of Philosophy of the Hebrew Uni­ der of the ZF's Israel Office, was among the Tourism in talks with officials. It officially versity. Bom in Prague, Professor Bergman speakers. provides for the first time that the Roman went to Palestine as early as 1920 where he Nearly 14,000 Jews from Britain and Aust­ Catholic Church will actively encourage tour­ was first librarian and lecturer and later pro­ ralia have settled in Israel. ism to Israel in exchange for the concessions fessor at the university. He receives the made by the Israeli authorities. Israel Prize for the second time. One of the other recipients of the Israel Prize is the A HISTORY IN PICTURES cancer research worker, Isaac Berenblum, BAR-ILAN HONOURS since 1950 professor at the Weizmann In­ Material Required stitute. Bar-llan University has awarded honorary The Leo Baeck Institute (Jerusalem) plans doctorates to three prominent British Zion­ KAHANE SENTENCED the publicaition of a History in Pictures of ists: Professor Sir Ernst Chain, who holds the the Jews in Germany and appeals to former chair of biochemistry at London University; The Jerusalem district court passed a two- German Jews for material which might lend Mr, E. Alec Colman, the businessman who is year suspended sentence on Rabbi Meir itself for inclusion. Of special interest are president of the British Friends of Bar-llan; Kahane, the leader of the Jewish Defence paintings, aquarelles, copper prints, wood-cuts and Mr. Leslie Porter, the industrialist and League, for conspiring with his followers in and photographs, depicting persons, festivals, founder of the British Friends of Tel Aviv the United States to commit acts likely to synagogues, public Jewish buildings, business University. harm relations between Israel and America. houses, etc. Any readers who have material Honorary doctorates were also awarded to The judge stated that the sentence was a of this kind in meir possession, should kindly the veteran Israeli painter, Nahum Gutman; light one because letters Kahane had sent put it at the disposal of the LBI. If re­ Mr. Axel Springer, the West German news­ from Jerusalem to his followers in America quested, it will be returned. The items should paper publisher; and Mr. William J. Levitt, just before the visit to that country of the be sent by registered mail either direct to the American building magnate As the result Russian leader, Mr. Brezhnev, had been in­ the Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem, Bustanai of a gift from Mr. Levitt, Bar-llan hopes to tercepted. There was also no certainty that Str,33, or to the London office of the LBI, 4 acquire enough land to more than double the Rabbi Kahane's instructions would have been Devonshire Street, London, W.l, which will size of its campus. carried out. pass it on to Jemsalem.

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Telephone for appointment: Mme H. LIEBERG 77 St, Gabriel's Road. London, N,W.2. 11 Fenstanton Avenue, 871 Flnchley Rd., Golders Green, Tel,: 452 4029 London, N.12 ExQuisltelv furnished rooins tor vistloi* 01-203 2692 N.W.II (next to Post Office) and permanent Quests, Tel.: 01-448 0061 01-455 8673 Central heating. TV. Radios. GardMi. Page 12 AJR INFORMATION August, 1974 ORGAMSATIONAL NEWS IN MEMORIAM DARIUS MILHAUD INFLATION HITS WELFARE AMNESTY CHAIRMAN A meeting of the Jewish Welfare Board in The Rev. Paul Oestreicher, vicar in The composer Darius Milhaud, who died in London was told that, for the first time in its Blackheath, London, has been elected Chair­ Geneva at the age of 81, stemmed from an history, the board's day-to-day expenditure will man of the British section of Amnesty In­ old and established Franco-Jewish family in be well over £1 million during 1974. Mr, ternational at its recent Annual General Aix-en-Provence, whose history he traced in Lionel Leighton, the chairman, said that this Meeting in succession to Mr. Peter Archer, his autobiography, Milhaud's works include represented an increase of over £100,000 who had to resign on his appointment as compositions of a Jewish nature, among them spent during 197S and was caused by in­ Solicitor-General. In accepting the position, several psalms, Poemes Juifs and Six Chants flation and by the need to maintain staff the Rev Oestreicher pointed out that his in­ Populaires Hebraiques. He paid his first visit salaries at a reasonable level. He wamed that terest in Amnesty stemmed from the fact to Israel in 1952, when his Candelabre a Sept plans for new homes might have to be cur­ that he and his parents came to this country Branches, an interpretation of seven Jewish tailed because of the board's reduced income as refugees from Nazi oppression because of festivals, was played. Two years later, the during the current economic difficulties. their Jewish origin. Many members of the world premiere of his opera, David, which he It was pointed out that up to 1960 it was family perished in the Holocaust. wrote especially for the 3,000th anniversary of possible to build new homes at a cost of Jerusalem, took place in Israel in his pre­ about £1,000 per resident. Now the cost was CCJ SECRETARY sence. In 1973, his Ode to Jerusalem was com­ £10,000. Nevertheless, the board needed as a missioned by the Israel Festival. matter of priority to complete its capital pro­ The Rev. William W. Simpson, general gramme since some of its older homes re­ secretary of the Council of Christians and presented a high fire risk and provided poor Jews since the Council was founded in 1942, MR. SIEGFRIED CAHN, C.B.E staff accommodation. is retiring at the end of August. He has been The treasurer asserted that not enough designated general secretary emeritus and Mr. Siegfried Cahn died on June 29 at the work was being done by members of the will continue writing and lecturing on behalf age of 73. He was managing director of Lead board and their friends to assist with raising of the CCJ. He will also remain secretary of Industries Group until he retired in 1966 after funds. The requirements of Israel should not the International Council of Christians and 30 years with the company. During the war, overshadow the requirements of domestic Jews. Throughout the years, Mr. Simpson has his wide intemational experience in the non- charities. Nearly £100,000 was needed to closely co-operated with the AJR and he has ferrous metals fleld was regularly called upon overcome the problem of staff leaving as thus become a personal friend of several re­ by the Government authorities, and these, their existing salaries became insufficient, sponsible AJR workers. with other services, were recognised in 1957, and this would be treated as the board's first Mr. Simpson is succeeded by S7-year-old when he was appointed a C.B.E. Mr. Cahn obligation in order to maintain its essential Manchestef-bom Rev. Peter Jennings, a Metho­ was a member of the AJR. We extend our services. dist minister, who joined the CCJ as an execu­ sincerest sympathies to his widow. tive member of its Swansea branch and, in HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES London, was associated with various organ­ Appointment of German Representative isations affiliated to the Council, eventually SEARCH FOR RELATIVES for Middle East becoming a member of its North London executive. Thc United Nations High Commissioner for Enquiry from Russia Refugees, Sadruddin Aga Khan, has appointed CONCERT IN AID OF CZECH JEWS We have been asked to help trace the follow­ Dr. Eberhard Jahn (Federal Republic of Ger­ ing relatives of a Jewish resident in Moscow: many) as his regional representative for the The tradition of Self Aid was followed up 1. D. Moisse Miller/Moltschatski and his Middle East. Dr. Jahn, who is based in Beirut, by the International Council of Jews from wife Rebekka and children; wife and childi'en is responsible for the High Commissioner's Czechoslovakia which on June 27 arranged a were born in Kopyle. 2. Chaim Gelfand. wife protection activities in the Middle East and successful concert at Queen Elizabeth Hall, Reisl and son Leiser. 3. Lotvin Leibl Ger- for administering programmes of assistance, The artist was Louis Kentner, who rendered zelowitsch, bom in Kletsk. 4. Pintschuk Kiva in co-operation with the governments of his service free and whose programme in­ cluded works by Beethoven and Chopin as Isralevitch and children (one member of the asylum, in favour of various comparatively family lived in Philadelphia). 5. Pumyan- small groups of refugees who come within the well as by Czech composers. The function was well attended and therefore, apart from skaya Malka Grigrievna, living either in Israel High Commissioner's competence particularly or in London. in Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates and the artistic success, also of benefit to the other countries in the Middle East region, in­ sponsoring organisation which will use the Any reader who can give information cluding Cyprus. Dr. Jahn succeeds Mr. Leslie proceeds for a planned settlement for senior should get in touch with the AJR, 8 Fairfax Goodyear (U.K.). citizens from Czechoslovakia in Israel. Mansions, London, N.W.S. Catering witti a differenceH. WOORTMAN & SOM JEWISH BOOKS THE DORICE Food of all nations for formal or 8 Baynes Mem, Hampetead, N.W.3 of all kindi. n«v & second-band. Whole Informal occasions—In vour awn home llbrarin & singl* votum«< bouaht. Talaslm. or anv venue. •Phone 43S 3974 Continental Cuisine—Licensed LONDON AND COUNTRY Bookblndlna. Continental Builder and Decorator M. SULZBACHER 169a Flnchley Road, N.W.S Specialist in Dry Rot Repairs JEWISH & HEBREW BOOKS (also Purchase) Mrs. ILLY LIEBERMAN 4 SiMatb Avenue. Golders Green ReM> (624 6301) ESTIMATES FREE London. N.W.II. Tel.: 4S5 1694. PARTIES CATERED FOR 01-937 2872

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