DOCSLIB.ORG

1 China's Foreign Aid and Investment Diplomacy to African Nations—I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 China's Foreign Aid and Investment Diplomacy to African Nations—I Notes 1 China’s Foreign Aid and Investment Diplomacy to African Nations—I 1 . See Stuart Schram, The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 256. 2 . Philip Snow, “China and Africa: Consensus and Challenge,” in Thomas W. Robinson and David Shambaugh (eds.), Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), p. 284. 3 . There has also been speculation that China and the Soviet Union divided Africa into spheres of influence at this time, with China taking East Africa and the Soviet Union West Africa, or at least some of the countries in each region. See John K. Cooley, East Wind over Africa (New York: Walker, 1955), p. 25. 4 . S e e World Knowledge Handbook (Peking: World Knowledge Publishing Co., 1961), p. 408, and Peter Hann, “Africa: New Target for Peking,” China Factbook (Hong Kong: 1962), cited in John F. Copper, China’s Foreign Aid: An Instrument of Peking’s Foreign Policy (Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1976), p. 88. 5 . In fact, the Chinese Foreign Ministry was reorganized at this time in recogni- tion of its new and broader interest in Africa. The West Asian and African Affairs Department was created to shift the responsibilities for Africa from the West European and African Department. See Joseph Camilleri, Chinese Foreign Policy: The Maoist Era and Its Aftermath (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1980), p. 97. 6 . S e e S i d n e y K l e i n , Politics versus Economics: The Foreign Trade and Aid Policies of China (Hong Kong: International Studies Group, 1968), p. 166, and David H. Shinn and Joshua Eisenman, China and Africa: A Century of Engagement (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), p. 265. 7 . J a n o s H o r v a t h , Chinese Technical Transfer to the Third World: A Grants Economy Analysis (New York: Praeger, 1976), pp. 40–41. 8 . S e e People’s Daily , September 14, 1960, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 89. 208 ● Notes 9. For an account of this, see Philip Snow, The Star Raft: China’s Encounter with Africa (New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988), p. 145, and Wei Liang- Tsai, Peking versus Taipei in Africa, 1960–1978 (Taipei: Asia and the World Institute, 1982), pp. 110–11. 1 0 . S n o w , The Star Raft: China’s Encounter with Africa , p. 145. The author notes, that China was suffering from food deficiencies and that peasants in some areas were eating leaves of tree to ward off hunger. 1 1 . The Communist Economic Offensive through 1964, U.S. Department of State, p. 18, cited in Klein, Politics versus Economics , p. 167. 1 2 . C o p p e r , China’s Foreign Aid , pp. 89–90. 13 . See Jan S. Prybyla, “Communist China’s Economic Relations with Africa 1960–1964,” Asian Survey , April 1964, pp. 1136. 14 . In 1962, the United States started giving aid to Guinea, amounting to between $45 and 60 million by 1966. See Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 90. 15 . Daniel Wolfstone, “Sino-African Economics,” Far Eastern Economic Review , February 14, 1964, and Marshall Goldman, Soviet Foreign Aid (New York: Praeger, 1967), p. 173, both cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 90. 1 6 . Le Monde , December 21, 1966, cited in Snow, The Star Raft , p. 297. 17. Zhou, accompanied by Foreign Minister Chen Yi, visited the United Arab Republic, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana, Mali, Guinea, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia. China sought support for the upcoming second Afro-Asian Conference, China’s nuclear test and its view on the test ban treaty, and its principles of foreign aid giving. See Alan Lawrance, China’s Foreign Relations since 1949 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975), p. 171. 1 8 . “ C h i n a ’ s A i d F a i l u r e s , ” Asian Analyst, March 1966, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 90. 19 . John F. Copper, “China’s Military Assistance,” in John F. Copper and Daniel S. Papp (eds.), Communist Nations Military Assistance (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983), p. 120. 2 0 . W o l f g a n g B a r t k e , China’s Economic Aid (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1975), p. 116. 2 1 . I b i d . , p . 1 2 0 . 2 2 . African Report , February 1967, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 90. 2 3 . People’s Daily , March 13, 1970 cited in Copper , China’s Foreign Aid , p. 90. Also see Bartke, China’s Economic Aid , p. 120. 24 . “Chronicle and Documentation,” China Quarterly , January-March 1970, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid, p. 91. 2 5 . B a r t k e , China’s Economic Aid, p. 116. The author believes the aid was given in the form of a loan first negotiated in 1969. 2 6 . H o r v a t h , China’s Technology Transfer to the Third World, p. 6. The author says the loan was for $41 million. 27 . Agreements of this kind, but more important a treaty of friendship—which China also signed with the government of Guinea—indicated that Chinese Notes ● 209 leaders viewed Guinea as a friendly, anti-imperialist state. See Harold C. Hinton, China’s Turbulent Quest (New York: Macmillan, 1970), p. 193. 2 8 . China Topics , March 1973, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 91. Also see Horvath, Chinese Technology Transfer to the Third World, p. 8. The author puts the aid at $10 million saying it was “budgetary aid.” 29 . Xinhua, December 13, 1972, cited in Bartke, China’s Economic Aid, p. 116. 3 0 . The Military Balance (London: IISS, 1974), p. 66. 31 . New China News Agency, June 25, 1973, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 91. 3 2 . H o r v a t h , Chinese Technology Transfer to the Third World , p. 8. 3 3 . C o p p e r , China’s Foreign Aid in 1979–80 (Baltimore: University of Maryland School of Law, 1981), p. 52. In 1980, a Chinese medical facility was completed. 34 . Kwame Nkrumah had led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957 and established a centralized government designed to transform Ghana into a socialist state. See Camilleri, Chinese Foreign Policy, p. 97. 3 5 . H i n t o n , China’s Turbulent Quest , p. 260. 3 6 . People’s Daily , August 22, 1961, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 92. 3 7 . B a r t k e , China’s Economic Aid , pp. 114–15. 3 8 . L a w r a n c e , China’s Foreign Relations since 1949, pp. 109–10. 39. China had signed a trade agreement as well as a treaty of friendship and non- aggression with the government of Ghana. See Hinton, China’s Turbulent Quest , p. 193. 4 0 . A l e x a n d e r E c k s t e i n , Communist China’s Economic Growth and Foreign Trade (New York: McGraw Hill, 1965), p. 232. 41 . The principles were contained in a speech Zhou gave on January 15, 1964, in Accra, Ghana. 4 2 . People’s Daily , July 15, 1964, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid, p. 92. Horvath notes the aid was for technical assistance, which could have included budgetary support. See Horvath, Chinese Technology Transfer to the Third World , p. 9. 4 3 . Nkrumah’s Subversion in Ghana (Accra: State Publishing Corporation, 1966), p. 56. 44 . Ian Taylor, China in Africa: Engagement and Compromise (London: Routledge, 2006), p. 32. 4 5 . K l e i n , Politics versus Economics , p. 168. 4 6 . C o p p e r , China’s Foreign Aid , p. 93. China’s premier Zhou Enlai visited several African countries, including Ghana, in December 1963 and January 1964 to drum up support for China’s stance on the conference. See John W. Garver, Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993), p. 143 for details. It is uncertain whether Ghana was going to take China’s side on the conference in view of the fact that by the end of 1964 China had provided Ghana with about $40 million in aid compared to $89 million that the Soviet Union had extended and $82 million given by Eastern European nations. See Klein, Politics versus Economics , p. 168. 210 ● Notes 4 7 . K l e i n , Politics versus Economics , p. 168. 4 8 . New York Times , October 26, 1966, cited in Copper , China’s Foreign Aid , p. 93. 49 . Probably a number of small aid projects funded by China were cancelled or not finished. See Bartke, China’s Economic Aid pp. 206, 209, and 214 for men- tion of several. 5 0 . T a y l o r , China in Africa , p. 32. 5 1 . C o p p e r , China’s Foreign Aid , p. 93. 52 . Chinese aid efforts were seen in the form of a spinning mill and irrigation and rice cultivation among other projects. See Copper, China’s Foreign Aid in 1978 , p. 35 and Copper, China’s Foreign Aid in 1979–80 , p. 51. 53 . See Hinton, China’s Turbulent Quest , p. 100; Camilleri, Chinese Foreign Policy , pp. 99–100. 5 4 . People’s Daily , September 23, 1961, cited in Copper, China’s Foreign Aid , p. 93. 55 . It was later reported that China had sent military experts to Mali and provided training to Mali military personnel in China, though neither were very large.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of China and the Brics Project
    Esta revista forma parte del acervo de la Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM www.juridicas.unam.mx http://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx exican M L Review aw New Series V O L U M E VII Number 1 THE ROLE OF CHINA AND THE BRICS PROJECT Arturo OROPEZA GARCÍA* ABSTRACT. BRICS is an exogenous invention that was institutionalized as a convenient geopolitical market strategy, which favored each of the five BRICS countries to a greater or a lesser degree. As such, it is now a political group without deep roots and its future will be conditioned by any dividends it might yield over the coming years as a result of political, economic and social correla- tions and divergences. KEY WORDS: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. RESUMEN. El grupo de los BRICS es una invención exógena que se institu- cionalizó bajo la conveniencia de una estrategia geopolítica de mercado, que en mayor o menor grado ha favorecido a cada uno de los cinco países que lo conforman. De esta manera, hoy en día es un grupo político que carece de raíces profundas y cuyo futuro estará condicionado por los dividendos que pueda pro- ducir en los próximos años como resultado de sus correlaciones y divergencias políticas, económicas y sociales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Brasil, Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................... 110 II. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 110 III. THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF CHINA WITHIN THE BRICS GROUP ........... 113 IV. GOODBYE NEO-LIBERALISM? WELCOME MARKET SOCIALISM? ............ 116 V. T HE WORLD ACCORDING TO GOLDMAN SACHS? ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Greater China: the Next Economic Superpower?
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Weidenbaum Center on the Economy, Murray Weidenbaum Publications Government, and Public Policy Contemporary Issues Series 57 2-1-1993 Greater China: The Next Economic Superpower? Murray L. Weidenbaum Washington University in St Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/mlw_papers Part of the Economics Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Weidenbaum, Murray L., "Greater China: The Next Economic Superpower?", Contemporary Issues Series 57, 1993, doi:10.7936/K7DB7ZZ6. Murray Weidenbaum Publications, https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/mlw_papers/25. Weidenbaum Center on the Economy, Government, and Public Policy — Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1027, St. Louis, MO 63130. Other titles available in this series: 46. The Seeds ofEntrepreneurship, Dwight Lee Greater China: The 47. Capital Mobility: Challenges for Next Economic Superpower? Business and Government, Richard B. McKenzie and Dwight Lee Murray Weidenbaum 48. Business Responsibility in a World of Global Competition, I James B. Burnham 49. Small Wars, Big Defense: Living in a World ofLower Tensions, Murray Weidenbaum 50. "Earth Summit": UN Spectacle with a Cast of Thousands, Murray Weidenbaum Contemporary 51. Fiscal Pollution and the Case Issues Series 57 for Congressional Term Limits, Dwight Lee February 1993 53. Global Warming Research: Learning from NAPAP 's Mistakes, Edward S. Rubin 54. The Case for Taxing Consumption, Murray Weidenbaum 55. Japan's Growing Influence in Asia: Implications for U.S. Business, Steven B. Schlossstein 56. The Mirage of Sustainable Development, Thomas J. DiLorenzo Additional copies are available from: i Center for the Study of American Business Washington University CS1- Campus Box 1208 One Brookings Drive Center for the Study of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Informe Itiae Bride Democracia U Comunicación Prensa Obrera U Sindical Agencias Noticiosas
    www.flacsoandes.edu.ec REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE COMUNICACION Informe ITIae Bride Democracia u Comunicación Prensa Obrera u Sindical Agencias noticiosas Solé Díaz Bordenave Silva Somavía Vargas Pasquini ( II época ) DIRECTOR GENERAL DR. LUIS E. PROANO CONSEJO INTERNACIONAL DE REDACCION DR. LUIS RAMIRO BELTRAN LIC. ALBERTO MALDONADO Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Escuela de Ciencias de la Información Desarroll CIID - COLOMBIA Universidad Central de Quito - ECUADOR DR. MIGUEL DE MORAGAS SPA DR. PETER SCHENKEL ¡•acuitad de Ciencias de la Información Inundación l'riedrich Ebert en CIESPAL Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona - LSPAÑA LIC. MARCO ENCALADA DR. JOHN T. McNELLY Director Técnico de CIESPAL Universidad de Winsconsin - Madison DR. LUIS GONZAGA MOTTA DR A. CUMANDA GAMBOA DE ZELAYA Experto en Comunicación Social Decano de la Facuitad de Comunicación Fundación Friedrich Ebert en CIESPAL Unh'ersidad Estatal de Guayaquil - ECUADOR RAFAEL RONCAGLIOLO DR. EDUARDO CONTRERAS BUDGE Director de ILET - Instituto Latinoamericano Experto en Comunicación Social de Estudios Transnacionales - MEXICO. Fundación F’riedrich liberten CIES PAL DR. JOSE MARQUES DE MELO JOSE STEINSLEGER instituto Metodista de Ensino Superior E d itor / A sesor BRASIL Fundación Friedrich Ebert en CIESPAL COMITE EDITORIAL JOSE STEINSLEGER DR. PETER SCHENKEL LIC. MARCO ENCALADA Edición, Redacción y Diseño Gráfico Universidad Autónoma del Caribe CORRESPONSALES Universidad de Sao Paulo * María Nazareth Fcrreira Ana Leticia Valle C. Facultad de Comunicación Social
    [Show full text]
  • Athens Dialogue on a Middle East WMD and Delivery Vehicle Free Zone
    ATHENS DIALOGUE On A Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction as well as Their Means of Delivery (WMDFZ) held at Sounion, Athens, Greece 14-16 November 2012 REPORT Prepared by Professor Joseph A. Camilleri Professor Michael Hamel-Green Associate Professor Marianne Hanson Dr Michális S. Michael Nicholas A.J. Taylor CONTENTS FOREWORD by CG WEERAMANTRY .......................................................... 5 PROJECT OUTLINE .................................................................................... 9 THE POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY OF A MIDDLE EAST WMDFZ ...................... 11 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 13 Why a Track-Two/Track-Three Dialogue? ........................................ 13 THE ATHENS DIALOGUE METHOD AND PROCESS ........................................................................... 17 CONTENT .............................................................................................. 19 Imagining the Future ........................................................................ 19 The WMDFZ Proposal: The Road Travelled Thus Far ...................... 22 Key Obstacles to Negotiating a WMDFZ in the Middle East ............. 24 Useful Practical Next Steps .............................................................. 26 Other Short- to Medium-Term Initiatives ........................................... 28 The WMDFZ in the Wider Middle East Context ................................. 31 POSTSCRIPT ON THE ATHENS DIALOGUE
    [Show full text]
  • Taiwan's Fight for International Space
    21 TAIWAN’S FIGHT FOR INTERNATIONAL SPACE Michael C. Burgoyne The Taiwan Strait separating Taiwan and the People’s Republic of Chi- na (PRC) has long been considered a geopolitical flashpoint. Both sides continue to plan and prepare for a kinetic attempt by the PRC to coerce Taiwan into unification. However, the gains in the conflict between these two entities have largely been made in non-kinetic ways: fights over dip- lomatic recognition and attendance in international bodies, among others. The battleground in which this non-kinetic fight has taken place has come to be labeled “international space,” where Taiwan is striving for mean- ingful participation in the international community—broadly defined and evaluated in this chapter as diplomatic relations and participation in inter- governmental organizations (IGO)—and the PRC is trying to isolate the island from these interactions. Having its roots in the Chinese civil war that culminated in the 1940s, this fight is crucially important for both sides. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) sees Taiwan as a matter of legitimacy. The Party portrays itself as a staunch defender of sovereignty and territorial integrity to its citizens, yet Taiwan remains outside its control, which it feels could dele- gitimize it in the eyes of the populace. Constricting Taiwan’s international space is a way to leave Taiwan with no other choice than eventual unifica- tion. Taiwan sees itself as a separate country in a practical sense, with a strong, advanced economy and many advantages; yet it is only recognized as a country by 14 nations, and lacks representation in many IGOs.
    [Show full text]
  • • United Nations • UN Millenium Development Goals
    • United Nations • The Bretton Woods Institutions http://www.un.org http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Current/P7/b wi/cccbw.html • UN Millenium Development Goals http://www.developmentgoals.org/ News • The Economist • MUNweb http://www.economist.co.uk/ http://www.munweb.org/ • Foreign Affairs • UN Official MUN website http://www.foreignaffairs.org/ http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/mod elun/ • Associated Press http://www.ap.org/ • UN System - Alphabetic Index of Websites of the United Nations • Russian News Agency System of Organizations http://www.tass.net/ http://www.unsystem.org/ • Interfax International Group • United Nations Development http://www.interfax-news.com/ Programme http://www.undp.org/ • British Broadcasting Corporation http://news.bbc.co.uk/ • UN Enviroment Programme http://www.unep.org/ • Reuters. Know. Now. http://www.reuters.com/ • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights • Agencia EFE http://www.ohchr.org/english/ http://www.efe.es/ • International Criminal Court • Agence France Presse http://www.iccnow.org/ www.afp.com • International Criminal Tribunal for • El Mundo the former Yugoslavia http://www.elmundo.es http://www.un.org/icty/ • Aljazeera International English • United Nations Bibliographic Edition Information System http://www.aljazeera.com/ http://unbisnet.un.org/ • Foreign Affairs • International Criminal Tribunal for http://www.foreignaffairs.org/ Rwanda http://www.ictr.org/ • Associated Press http://www.ap.org/ • International Court of Justice http://www.icj-cij.org/ • Russian News Agency http://www.tass.net/ • World Bank Group http://www.worldbank.org/ • Interfax International Group http://www.interfax-news.com/ • European Union http://europa.eu.int/ • British Broadcasting Corporation http://news.bbc.co.uk/ • World Trade Organization http://www.wto.org/ • Reuters.
    [Show full text]
  • Earning Astana Yellow Jerseys in a Corporate Governance Race: Engaging External Partners in Communications in Kazakhstan
    Earning Astana yellow Jerseys in a Corporate Governance Race: Engaging External Partners in Communications in Kazakhstan What do corporate governance and bicycle racing have in common? Frankly, not much. But the IFC Central Asia Corporate Governance Project team felt like cycling champions after our success in raising awareness about corporate governance in Kazakhstan. The corporate governance “race” in Kazakhstan started in 2006 in Almaty when a team of 11 people got together to launch the project. Just as the Astana cycling team retains its first place in the world ranking, subsequently reinforced by the victory of Alberto Contador in the Tour de France, our project team came out winners in helping corporate governance become an important topic in Kazakhstan. In this SmartLesson we would like to share how the project partnered with international coaches, local experts, and government bodies to promote corporate governance through publications, annual conferences, and seminars for mass media representatives in Kazakhstan. Background competitiveness and sustainability of the national Kazakhstan is located in the heart of the Eurasian economy, relying on corporate governance principles. continent at the crossroads of East and West. Prime Minister Karim Massimov also participated When the project started operations, not many of in a corporate governance awareness conference in the region’s businesspeople knew what corporate February 2007 in the Kazakhstani capital, Astana, governance was. IFC’s communications objective thereby greatly raising the profile of the topic through was to widely spread the word about corporate the accompanying press coverage. In spring 2007, governance, convince policymakers to create a full Senate hearings on the competitiveness of the favorable legislative framework, and—the most economy included invited experts on corporate important task—inspire joint-stock companies and governance.
    [Show full text]
  • Ambassade De France Au Kazakhstan
    AMBASSADE DE FRANCE AU KAZAKHSTAN Revue de la presse kazakhstanaise – jeudi 5 juillet 2012 Ambassade de France à Astana M. Nursultan Nazarbaev, a donné le départ officiel du 14 ème anniverdaire de la capitale Aujourd’hui au complexe «Atameken» à Astana, le Président du Kazakhstan, M. Nursultan Nazarbaev, a donné le départ de la fête de la capitale devant le drapeau national, d’une dimension de 15x30 mètres, hissé à 111 mètres au dessus de la ville. Après la parade de la Garde Républicaine, le Chef de l’Etat a décoré les meilleurs élèves des écoles d'officiers du Kazakhstan. Astana est devenue la capitale du Kazakhstan le 6 juillet 1994. Puis, après l’amendement du 10 juin 2008, le «Jour de la capitale» est devenu un nouveau jour férié et est célébré dans tout le pays. Le 6 juillet est également l’anniversaire du Président, M. Nursultan Nazarbaev, qui fête aujourd’hui ses 72 ans. (Interfax-KZ, Kazinform, Tengrinews) Discussions autour de la création d’un Parlement de l’union économique eurasienne Aujourd’hui à Moscou se tient la première réunion du groupe de travail entre la Russie, la Biélorussie et le Kazakhstan qui vise à déterminer le futur parlement de l'Union économique eurasienne. Selon le Président de la Douma, M. Sergueï Narychkine, la création de l'Union économique eurasienne, prévue le 1er juillet 2015, va augmenter la coopération interparlementaire entre les pays membres de l’union. (Kazinform, Interfax-KZ, Ria Novosti) 3ème Congrès international de la métallurgie d’Astana Du 4 au 6 juillet a lieu le 3ème Congrès international de la métallurgie d’Astana «AMM-2012» auquel participent 60 entreprises de 7 pays.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Service of the Public Functions and Transformation of Media in Developing Countries Imprint Publisher Deutsche Welle 53110 Bonn, Germany
    Edition dW AkAdEmiE #02/2014 mEdiA dEvElopmEnt In the Service of the Public Functions and Transformation of Media in Developing Countries Imprint pUBliSHER Deutsche Welle 53110 Bonn, Germany RESponSiBlE Christian Gramsch AUtHoRS Erik Albrecht Cletus Gregor Barié Petra Berner Priya Esselborn Richard Fuchs Lina Hartwieg Jan Lublinski Laura Schneider Achim Toennes Merjam Wakili Jackie Wilson-Bakare EditoRS Jan Lublinski Merjam Wakili Petra Berner dESiGn Programming / Design pRintEd November 2014 © DW Akademie Edition dW AkAdEmiE #02/2014 mEdiA dEvElopmEnt In the Service of the Public Functions and Transformation of Media in Developing Countries Jan Lublinski, Merjam Wakili, Petra Berner (eds.) Table of Contents Preface 4 04 Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in Executive Summary 6 a Media-Friendly Environment 52 Jackie Wilson-Bakare Part I: Developing Public Service Media – Kyrgyzstan – A Brief Overview 53 Functions and Change Processes Media Landscape 54 Obschestvennaya Tele-Radio Kompaniya (OTRK) 55 01 Introduction: A Major Challenge for Stakeholders in the Transformation Process 56 Media Development 10 Status of the Media Organization 56 Jan Lublinski, Merjam Wakili, Petra Berner Public Service: General Functions 61 Public Service Broadcasting – West European Roots, Achievements and Challenges 62 International Ambitions 12 Transformation Approaches 63 Lessons Learned? – Transformations Since the 1990s 14 Appendix 72 Reconsidering Audiences – Media in the Information Society 15 05 Namibia: Multilingual Content and the Need Approach and Aim of the
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Foreign Aid and the Unga Voting Patterns of the Recipients
    CHINESE FOREIGN AID AND THE UNGA VOTING PATTERNS OF THE RECIPIENTS by ABULAITI ABUDULA Submitted to the Graduate School of Social Sciences in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University December 2018 ABULAITI ABUDULA 2018 © All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT CHINESE FOREIGN AID AND THE UNGA VOTING PATTERNS OF THE RECIPIENTS ABULAITI ABUDULA M.A. THESIS in POLITICAL SCIENCE, DECEMBER 2018 Thesis Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Kerem Yıldırım Keywords: Chinese aid, Voting patterns, UN General Assembly Using panel data for 120 countries over the period 2000-2014, this paper imperially analyzes the impact of Chinese aid on the voting patterns of countries in the UN General Assembly. I utilize the disaggregated Chinese aid data for the fact that distinct forms of aid flows may differ in their capability to induce recipients to vote for China’s favor. The results suggest that only Chinese grants are the aid category by which recipients have been induced to vote in line with China. iv ÖZET ÇİN DIŞ YARDIMLARI VE ALICININ BM GENEL KURULU OY VERME BİÇİMLERİ ABULAITI ABUDULA SİYASET BİLİMİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ, ARALIK 2018 Tez Danışmanı: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kerem Yıldırım Anahtar Kelimeler: Çin yardımı, Oy verme biçimleri, BM Genel Kurulu 2000-2014 döneminde 120 ülke için panel verilerini kullanan bu tez, Çin yardımının BM Genel Kurulunda ülkelerin oy kullanma düzenleri üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak incelemektedir. Farklı yardım kategorileri, alıcıları Çin’in lehine oy kullanmaya teşvik etmede farklılık yaratabileceği için ayrıştırılmış Çin yardım verileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, yalnızca Çin hibelerinin, alıcıların Çin lehine oy kullanmaya teşvik edildiği bir yardım kategorisi olduğunu göstermektedir.
    [Show full text]
  • Somali Fisheries
    www.securefisheries.org SECURING SOMALI FISHERIES Sarah M. Glaser Paige M. Roberts Robert H. Mazurek Kaija J. Hurlburt Liza Kane-Hartnett Securing Somali Fisheries | i SECURING SOMALI FISHERIES Sarah M. Glaser Paige M. Roberts Robert H. Mazurek Kaija J. Hurlburt Liza Kane-Hartnett Contributors: Ashley Wilson, Timothy Davies, and Robert Arthur (MRAG, London) Graphics: Timothy Schommer and Andrea Jovanovic Please send comments and questions to: Sarah M. Glaser, PhD Research Associate, Secure Fisheries One Earth Future Foundation +1 720 214 4425 [email protected] Please cite this document as: Glaser SM, Roberts PM, Mazurek RH, Hurlburt KJ, and Kane-Hartnett L (2015) Securing Somali Fisheries. Denver, CO: One Earth Future Foundation. DOI: 10.18289/OEF.2015.001 Secure Fisheries is a program of the One Earth Future Foundation Cover Photo: Shakila Sadik Hashim at Alla Aamin fishing company in Berbera, Jean-Pierre Larroque. ii | Securing Somali Fisheries TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, BOXES ............................................................................................. iii FOUNDER’S LETTER .................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. vi DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Somali) ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Civics and Electoral Education
    MEDIA RELEASE Issued: 24 March 2011 Joint Standing Committee on Migration Chair: Ms Vamvakinou MP Deputy Chair: Mrs Louise Markus MP Inquiry into Multiculturalism in Australia The Parliament’s Migration Committee will hold its first public hearing into multiculturalism and the contribution of migration to Australia on Tuesday, 29 March 2011 at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University, Melbourne. The program will run from 9.30 am to 4.30 pm. Among the witnesses will be the Ethnic Communities Council (Victoria), the Islamic Womens’ Welfare Council of Victoria, the Brotherhood of St Laurence, Africa Think Tank, the Greek Orthodox Community (Melbourne and Victoria) and the National Ethnic Disability Alliance. Professor Joseph Camilleri, Director of the Centre for Dialogue, will also appear. Ms Vamvakinou MP, Chair of the Committee said, “Migration into Australia has made Australian society diverse, culturally rich and forward looking. There are many positive strategies in place and success stories to be told. However, we need to keep in touch with the changing needs of both new and established migrant communities. Flexible settlement policies are the key to successful integration and, as needs change over time, so too must government and community services adapt to cater to changing conditions,” she said. “These organisations bring valuable expertise to the current debate on multiculturalism. They work directly with new migrants, including refugees, and established communities and understand the challenge of building a cohesive, integrated community”, Ms Vamvakinou said. The hearing will be held at the Centre for Dialogue, Boardroom, Level 3 Science Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Melbourne.
    [Show full text]