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Management of Alternaria Leaf and Fruit Spot in Apples

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Management of Alternaria Leaf and Fruit Spot in Apples Management of Alternaria leaf and fruit spot in apples Christine Horlock QLD Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Project Number: AP02011 AP02011 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the apple and pear industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the apple and pear industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1256 4 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 1, 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 T: (02) 8295 2300 F: (02) 8295 2399 E: [email protected] © Copyright 2006 FINAL REPORT AP02011 (28 February 2006) Management of Alternaria leaf and fruit spot in apples Christine M. Horlock et al. Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland AP02011 Ms Christine M. Horlock Plant Pathologist, Delivery Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Applethorpe Research Station PO Box 501 STANTHORPE QLD 4380 Dr Shane Hetherington Deciduous Fruits Pathologist NSW Department of Primary Industries, Agriculture Orange Agricultural Institute Forest Road ORANGE NSW 2800 Mr Shane Dullahide Former Senior Experimentalist, Delivery Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Applethorpe Research Station PO Box 501 STANTHORPE QLD 4380 This document is the final report for the APAL / HAL funded project “Management of Alternaria leaf and fruit spot in apples”, and as such contains the details of all scientific work carried out in this project. This report was prepared for submission on the 28 February 2006 Any recommendations contained in the publication do not necessarily represent current Horticulture Australia Limited policy. No person should act on the basis of the contents of this publication, whether as to matters of fact or opinion or other content, without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice in respect of the matter set out in this publication. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................... 1 MEDIA SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 4 TECHNICAL SUMMARY............................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 6 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE............................................................................... 6 Alternaria diseases affecting apples......................................................................... 6 Alternaria leaf blotch (caused by Alternaria mali) .................................................. 6 Alternaria fruit spot (caused by Alternaria mali)................................................... 12 ALTERNARIA LEAF BLOTCH AND FRUIT SPOT IN AUSTRALIA........................................ 13 Disease description ................................................................................................ 13 Distribution and importance .................................................................................. 14 BACKGROUND TO EXPERIMENTAL WORK .................................................... 16 SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN APPLE PRODUCTION AREAS.................................................. 16 CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF BLOTCH AND FRUIT SPOT................. 16 Queensland Field Trials ......................................................................................... 16 New South Wales Field Trials ................................................................................ 17 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................................. 18 SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN APPLE PRODUCTION AREAS.................................................. 18 RATING MAJOR COMMERCIAL APPLE VARIETIES IN AUSTRALIA FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY .. 18 Australian apple orchard survey ............................................................................ 18 Applethorpe Apple and Pear Germplasm Repository survey................................. 19 CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF BLOTCH AND FRUIT SPOT................. 19 Queensland Field Trials ......................................................................................... 19 New South Wales Field Trials ................................................................................ 20 RESULTS...................................................................................................................... 22 SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN APPLE PRODUCTION AREAS.................................................. 22 RATING MAJOR COMMERCIAL APPLE VARIETIES IN AUSTRALIA FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY .. 23 Australian apple orchard survey ............................................................................ 23 Apple Germplasm Repository survey ..................................................................... 23 CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF BLOTCH AND FRUIT SPOT................. 24 Queensland Field Trials ......................................................................................... 24 New South Wales Field Trials ................................................................................ 30 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................ 33 SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN APPLE PRODUCTION AREAS AND RATING OF MAJOR APPLE VARIETIES IN AUSTRALIA FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY............................................................ 33 FUNGICIDE TRIALS AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED ALTERNARIA MANAGEMENT 33 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER .................................................................................... 36 RECOMMENDATIONS – SCIENTIFIC.................................................................. 37 RECOMMENDATIONS – INDUSTRY .................................................................... 38 ALTERNARIA DISEASE – POINTS FOR GROWERS TO REMEMBER .................................... 38 ALTERNARIA MANAGEMENT SUGGESTIONS ................................................................. 38 1 General disease management techniques............................................................... 38 Queensland ............................................................................................................. 38 New South Wales .................................................................................................... 38 Other states............................................................................................................. 39 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... 40 DPI&F.................................................................................................................... 40 Interstate survey collaborators............................................................................... 40 Queensland Field Trial Collaborators................................................................... 40 NSW Field Trial Collaborators.............................................................................. 40 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 41 APPENDIX A: QUEENSLAND FIELD TRIAL...................................................... 47 APPLETHORPE RESEARCH STATION, PLANT PATHOLOGY EXPERIMENT REPORT ......... 47 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 48 Materials and Methods........................................................................................... 48 Results*................................................................................................................... 51 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 61 APPENDIX B: NEW SOUTH WALES FIELD TRIAL PICTON 01/02............... 63 BACKGROUND........................................................................................................... 64 BACKGROUND........................................................................................................... 64 COLLABORATOR DETAILS ........................................................................................... 64 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................................. 65 TRIAL SITE DETAILS.................................................................................................... 65 Weather................................................................................................................... 65 TREATMENTS............................................................................................................... 65 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ............................................................................................... 66 RESULTS.....................................................................................................................
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