Meeting Program……………………………………………………………………………………

Supplement to the Paleopathology Newsletter

PALEOPATHOLOGY ASSOCIATION

SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS

20th EUROPEAN MEETING LUND, SWEDEN August 26-31, 2014

ISSN: 01 484737

The Paleopathology Newsletter is issued quarterly by the Paleopathology Association, to members of the Paleopathology Association.

Cover originated by Patrick Horne

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Table of Contents

Meeting Program……………………………………………………………………………………...... 4 Program Podium Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………...4 Program Poster Presentations…………………………………………………………………………………….8 Podium & Poster Presentation Abstracts………………………………………………………………………..10 Author Index…………………………………………………………………………………………………….57

Local Organizers Torbjörn Ahlström and Caroline Arcini

Scientific Committee Karen Wiltschke (Austria) Pia Bennike (Denmark) Tina Christensen (Denmark) Niels Lynnerup (Denmark) Joel Blondiaux (France) Albert Zink (Italy) Rimantas Jankauskas (Lithuania) George Maat (The Netherlands) Raphaël Panhuysen (The Netherlands) Alexandra Buzhilova (Russia) Anna Kjellström (Sweden) Charlotte Roberts (UK) Piers Mitchell (UK) George Milner (USA)

Assistants Ylva Bäckström Adam Boethius Stella Macheridis Anna Tornberg Helene Wilhelmson

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

PALEOPATHOLOGY ASSOCIATION 20th European Meeting Lund, Sweden August 26-31, 2014

SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM

TUESDAY, AUGUST 26 14:00 Registration opens 18:30-21:00 Social Event, Get together at Lund University Historical Museum

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 27 09:00-18:00 Poster Session 09:00 - 09:15 Opening of The 20th European Paleopathology Association Meeting (PPA) by Sven Strömqvist, Pro Vice-Chancellor of Lund University 09:15 - 09:30 Local organizers: Announcements 09:30 - 09:45 Maria Cinthio: The history of Lund 09:45 - 10:30 Crister Ceberg: MedMAX – A new possibility for synchrotron radiation imaging in paleopathology? 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break: Presentation of posters 1-7 11:00 - 12:00 Dental pathology: Moderators: Torbjörn Ahlström and Caroline Arcini 11:00 Jakob, Tina: Dental disease in a high-status post-medieval population from Ambel, Zaragoza, north-east Spain 11:20 Johannesdottir, Erna: Oral pathologies and dental modification from 19th century enslaved Africans 11:40 Wasterlain, Sofia: Dental modifications in a skeletal sample of enslaved Africans found at Lagos (Portugal) 12:00 - 13:00 Lunch 13:00 - 15:00 Parasites and infections I: Moderators: Charlotte Roberts and Albert Zink 13:00 Côté, Nathalie: A high throughput approach to genotype ancient parasite remains 13:20 Bos, Kirsten: Analyses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes from the pre-contact New World using high throughput sequencing 13:40 Matos, Vitor: Tuberculoid leprosy: a forgotten clinical entity in paleopathology 14:00 Mitchell, Piers: Human Intestinal Parasites from a Mamluk Period Cesspool in the Christian Quarter of Jerusalem: Evidence for Long Distance Travel in the 15th Century AD 14:20 Pedersen, Dorthe Dangvard: Diagnosing tuberculosis in skeletal populations 14:40 Primeau, Charlotte: Childhood illnesses recorded in the adult skeleton: infectious middle ear disease, Harris lines and linear enamel hypoplasia 15:00 - 15:30 Coffee Break: Presentation of posters 8-15 15:30 - 16:50 Parasites and infections II: Moderators: Niels Lynnerup and Mary Lewis 15:30 Santos, Ana Luisa: Syphilis in life and death: different clinical and paleopathological diagnoses in the same individuals 15:50 Yeh, Hui-Yuan: Intestinal Parasites in a mid-14th Century Latrine from Riga, Latvia Fish Tapeworm and the Consumption of Uncooked Fish in the Medieval Eastern Baltic Region 16:10 Jankauskas, Rimantas: Archaeoparasitology in Lithuania

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

16:30 Maixner, Frank: The 7th century Alemannic gravesite of Niederstotzingen in southern Germany - Molecular relationship analysis of the human skeletal remains and screening for pathogens 16:50 - 17:50 Joint diseases: Moderators: Niels Lynnerup and Mary Lewis 16:50 Alves Cardoso, Francisca: Exploring degenerative joint changes between and within age at death cohorts 17:10 Landis, Sabine: The earliest case of probable hip joint osteoarthritis in MLD 46 (Australopithecus africanus) 17:30 Wiltschke-Schrotta, Karin: Hip disorders in prehistoric populations of Austria

THURSDAY, AUGUST 28 09:00 - 18:00 Poster Session 08:30 - 09:15 Barbara Bramanti: Inquiring into the Medieval Plagues 09:15 - 09:55 General health and metabolic diseases I: Moderators: Torbjörn Ahlström and Caroline Arcini 09:15 Buckley, Hallie: Skeletal evidence for a prehistoric metabolic syndrome: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and gout in a 3000-year-old Pacific Island skeletal assemblage 09:35 Geber, Jonny: Skeletal manifestations of stress in child victims of the Great Irish Famine (1845-52): Prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, Harris lines and growth retardation 09:55 - 10:20 Coffee Break: Presentation of posters 16-23 10:20 - 12:00 General health and metabolic diseases II: Moderators: Torbjörn Ahlström & Caroline Arcini 10:20 Jukić, Marijana: Life and death of children at Čerina: bioanthropological analysis of young children remains from Josipovac-Čerina site, Croatia 10:40 Meyer, Anja: An assessment of metabolic bone disease in a historic Chinese miner skeletal sample from the Witwatersrand, South Africa (AD 1904 - AD 1910) 11:00 Sarkic, Natasa: Parietal thinning, comparative radiological study of 6 cases, one from ancient Egypt and five from Spain (XVI Century) 11:20 Jakobsen, Lykke Schrøder: Manual segmentation and visualization of the gastrointestinal tract of a 17th century Korean general 11:40 Salo, Kati: Paleopathology of nine cemeteries in Southern Finland, taphonomy and some problematic case studies 12:00 - 13:00 Lunch 13:00 - 14:00 General health and metabolic diseases III: Moderators: Pia Bennike and George Maat 13:00 Schutkowski, Holger: Patterns of disease at Sidon, Lebanon - a Middle Bronze Age population in regional diachronic comparison 13:20 Panhuysen, Raphaël: Living conditions in early medieval Dorestad 13:40 Watts, Rebecca: Childhood development and adult longevity in archaeological British populations (AD950-1855) 14:00 - 15:00 Trauma I: Moderators: Pia Bennike and George Maat 14:00 Allmäe, Raili: Salme II ship-grave: examples of edged weapon injuries 14:20 Pany-Kucera, Doris: “Warriors versus working men”? – An entheses and joint study on the early medieval skeletal remains of Thunau/Kamp 14:40 Boston, Ceridwen: Brawls, falls and musket-balls: trauma patterning in 18th - early 19th century sailors of the British Royal Navy 15:00-15:30 Coffee Break: Presentation of posters 24-31

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

15:30 - 17:30 Trauma II: Moderators: Rimantas Jankauskas and Holger Schutkowski 15:30 Buzhilova, Alexandra: Post-traumatic signs of blunt trauma of the skull of the Upper Paleolithic man from Kostenki XIV, Russia 15:50 Kjellström, Anna: Legendary lesions: an analysis of sharp force trauma of the alleged skeletal remains of Saint Erik 16:10 Meyer, Christian: Postcranial fracture patterns in a large skeletal sample from Early Medieval Mannheim, Germany 16:30 Nicklisch, Nicole: Ordered to die – a mass grave from the Battle of Lützen (1632) 16:50 Verlinden, Petra: Child’s play: the identification of skeletal trauma in immature human remains 17:10 Shvedchikova, Tatyana: To the question of the Christianity expansion in the North- Eastern Pontic region (Black Sea, Russia)

FRIDAY, AUGUST 29 09:00 - 18:00 Poster Session 08:30 - 09:15 Rick Schulting: How violent was the European Neolithic? 09:15 - 09:55 Miscellaneous I: Moderators: and Caroline Arcini 09:15 Berezina, Natalia: Cases of head anipulation in the Medieval groups of Eurasian n Torbj ö rn Ahlström 09:35 Buckberry, Jo: conditionsm at Stirling Castle 09:55 - 10:20 Coffeeomads Break: Presentation of posters 32-39 10:20-12:00 Miscellaneous DevelopmentalII: Moderators: and Caroline Arcini 10:20 Drew, Rose: and non-adults aboard Warships in the 16th and 17th Centuries 10:40 Myeung Ju: Button Torbj cases ö rn foundAhlström in Joseon Dynasty Collection ofWomen Korea 11:20 Kim,Rios, Luis: Skeletal and dentalosteoma health status in Human a Sample of political prisoners Spain postwar (1938-1943) 11:40 Binois, Annelise: The silence of the lambs. A paleoepidemiologicalremains exhumed approachfrom for the identificationcemetery of “murrain” in archaeologicalfrom deposits 12:00 - 13:00 Lunch 13:00 - 14:20 Miscellaneous III: Moderators: Tina Christensen and George Milner 13:00 Botha, Deona: Health status of late 19th and early 20th century Khoesan 13:40 Herrerin, Jesus: Surgical manipulations in the process of mummification: Post-mortem symphysiotomy repair of the pelvic bone of a mummified woman in tomb TT16 (Panhesi Tomb; Thebas Tomb; Luxor, Egypt) 14:00 Lynnerup, Niels: dissection material from a hospital cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark 14:20 - 15:00 Methods I: Moderators: Tina Christensen and George Milner 14:20 Collier, Larissa: A model of violence: Archaeology and bioarchaeology in prehistory 14:40 Roberts, Charlotte: Applying the “index of care” to a person who suffered leprosy in late Medieval England 15:00 - 15:30 Coffee Break: Presentation of posters 40-42 15:30 - 17:10 Methods II: Moderators: Blondiaux and Anna 15:30 Velissaris, Julian: Long bone growth and dental in Medieval Austria Joë l Kjellström 15:50 Milner, George: Selective in Medieval todevelopment Early Modern illustrated using mortality Denmark skeletal trauma 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

16:10 Minnikin, David: The potential of novel lipid for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the Pleistocene 16:30 Zink, Albert: Molecular analysis of possible brucellosisbiomarkers cases different sites in Southwestern 16:50 Helene: Digital for analysis, visualizationfrom and in paleopathologyGermany Wilhelmson, methods documentation

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

1. Bekvalac, Jelena: The i of Industrialisation on health in London: Understanding the aetiology of hyperostosis frontalis interna 2. Binois, Annelise: mpact the to the A case of and foetal following a dystocic calving 3. Boston, Ceridwen:From Boys ...andwomb girls... pointtomb. toes: occupationmedieval and Shepherd'smaternal fractures mortalityin two archaeological populations 4. Boyer, Charlotte: A challenging diagnosis – Sct. Birgittes Chapel A 171 a case study 5. Ylva: Prisoners of war and fractures 6. Cook, Della Collins: Clinoid bridging and d pathology: an e Indiana 7. CancelledBäckström, perimortem 8. Garcia, Susana: Rib lesions and other signsevelopmental of infectious in non-adults xample the from necropolis associated with the São Martinho Church (Leiria, Portugal) 9. Juliane: Plagiocephaly and torticollis of three individuals afrom Kurgan (Scythianmedieval Period) in Kazakhstan 10. Justus,Haelm, Hedy: Skeletal a observed in an adult Earlyfrom Medieval Poland: Is this a rare aMajemer,rchaeological case of Down 11. Jørkov, Marie Louise: Dietbnormalities and health during the Industrialfrom Period in Copenhagen 12. Möller-BarlowSyndrome? disease in archaeology: study of detection 13. O’Sullivan, Niall: Genetic analysis of the coat fur: are there indications of ancient Kramis,blood traces?Simon: Preliminary biochemical 14. Maixner, Frank: World Map - Iceman´sa WebGIS spotting worldwide discoverieshuman of

15. Mank, Elise: MicrocephalyMummies as observed in the late 19platformth century of the Meerenberg psychiatricmummified hospitalhuman remains – diagnostic issues and the value of population specific data 16. Matos, Vitor: Perinatal deaths in the do Espírito Santo»cemetery Portugal): between affection and 17. Negahnaz: Evidence of «Ermidatrepanation in Late Iron Age(Almada, Switzerland (420-240BC) 18. Nikolova, Silviya:marginalization A case of bones in a with preserved Moghaddam, suture in adult skull 19. Novotny, Friederike: Sequelaemultiple of a neonatalWormian septic arthritiscombination in a Celtic completely 20. Nowakowski,metopic Dariusz: Case of ossificans progresiva on 19th century adult skeleton Adelaide, Australia woman 21. Teul, Iwona: Radiological, myositis and histological applied to osseousmale changes due to otitisfrom and in a pre-historic and historical skeletal Poland 22. Paladin, Alice: Paleopathologicaltomography study of methods prehistoric Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy media mastoiditis material from 23. Charlotte: A test of inter- and intrahuman-observerremains errorfrom for an atlas of histological data for the evaluation of linear hypoplasia 24. Primeau,Quintelier, Investigating the late/post burial themethod Old Hospitalcombined in Aalst, enamel 25. Redfern, Rebecca:Kim: Living with the consequencesmedieval of injury:mass a from perspective cemeteryLondon 26. Rios, Luis:Belgium Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder (Charcot shoulder): presentation of two cases in H. sapiens and P. troglodytes medieval from

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

27. Rios, Luis: Type A defect of the posterior synchondrosis in a juvenile Neandertal first cervical vertebra? 28. Roberts, Charlotte: An occupationally related disease in a 19th century skeleton north-east England? The past and present of “phossy jaw” 29. Luna, Leandro: Probable prostate cancer in a Pre-Incaic individual Pukara Defrom La Cueva, Northwestern Argentina 30. Schwarz, Laura Sophia: of three cases of f shaft fromfractures 31. Shvedchikova, Tatyana: To the question of distribution of the specific infections rural population in RussiaComparison by the of Rozhdestvenoemoral (15th-16th cent. AD) 32. Spannagl, Michaela: Osseous deficiencies after dislocation of the shoulder among 33. Toneva,medieval Diana: A case of an orbital example in a skull cemetery Kabyle, Bulgaria 34. Tornberg, Anna: Making a hole in the head – a probable Neolithic trepanation Östra Torp 35. Trancik, Viera: A possible case of Möllertreatment-Barlow diseasemedieval northfrom-western Switzerland 36. Van De Vijver, Katrien: Study of palaeopathological lesions in from a and post- in Mechelen, from 37. Van Der Merwe, A.e.: Virtual endocasts as a diagnostic tool forlime burials from medieval 38. Vigano,medieval Claudia:cemetery Belgium 39. Wasterlain, Sofia: Growth in a skeletal of childrenmicrocephaly the foundling wheel of Santa Casa da Misericórdia,Protocol optimization Faro, Portugal to detect (16th -G6PD19th deficiencycenturies) in ancient samples 40. Wetschei, Corina: Brave newproblems world of agriculturesample in Southern Scandinavia.from Better health for everyone?! 41. Woo, Eun Jin: A probable case of ucopolysacchridosis in Medieval skeleton South Korea 42. Cancelled m from

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

ABSTRACTS

Salme II ship-grave: examples of edged weapon injuries Raili: Institute of History, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia The second burial ship at that was found on Island dated the end of the Pre-Viking AgeAllmäe, (650–750 AD). It was discovered during the scheduled investigations for 2010. The excavations on site were carried out duringSalme 2010–2012. The burialSaaremaa ship contained the skeletalfrom of 34 people. The burials had been executed in a respectful way. The bodies had been placed in extended supine positions, and body parts had been laid down at correctremains positions. Most of buried were equipped with swords and covered by shields. The bone in the grave indicated that adismembered burial ritual had taken place (Peets et al., 2011,anatomically Peets et al., 2013). The state of preservationmen of the bone the II burial ship variedanimal to a great extent.remains The poor preservation of the bone tissue of of the skeletons reduced the possibility to detect and diagnose skeletal pathologies such materialas from injuries.Salme Nevertheless, the results of the skeletal analyses showed various edged-weaponsome injuries on ten of the skeletons, six of exhibited at least two of such lesions. Main injuriesperimortem were slashes and likelypreliminary caused by swords. Six skeletons displayed arrowheads in a way suggesting injuries of soft tissue. Duringthem the presentation only of will be discussed,stabs, most since the analyses are still in progress. References: Peets, J., R., Maldre, L., 2011.perimortem Archaeological investigations of a Pre-Viking Age burial boat somein examples village at multiple traumas Arheoloogilised (Archeological fieldwork in Estonia), 2010, 29 - 48. Peets, J.,Allmäe, R., Maldre, L. Saage, R., T. L., 2013. Research results on the shipSalme burials in 2011Saaremaa.-2012. Arheoloogilised välitööd Eestis Eestis (Archeological fieldwork in Estonia), 2012, 43 – 60. Allmäe, Tomek, Lõ ugas, Salme vä litö ö d Exploring Degenerative Joint Changes between and within age at death cohorts Alves Cardoso, Francisca: CRIA - Centre for Research in Anthropology, Lisbon, Portugal Degenerative Joint changes (DJC) are the studied and recorded changes in skeletons. These are used to assess osteoarthritis (OA) in past populations studies (PPS) whilst testing patterns of activity, and are amongst used to supportmost age- at-death Givenhuman the association between OA and age, this paper explores OA within aged individuals and between ten year age cohorts while controlling forsometimes sex. OA prevalence was tested in 77 Identifiedassessments. skeletons distributed in ten year age cohorts 20 to 80), with a ofsame 7 and of 17 individuals. 49% of the with 54 years as age at death and 51%, with age of 44. Only left articular (fromsurfaces of jointsminimum (shoulder, elbow, hipmaximum and knee) were explored.Females The results showedcomprise a strong associationsample, with age and that meanOA frequency varied accordingmales to articulation,mean being in the knee. Nevertheless,major not all older (>50 years) individuals exhibited OA in all sites observed; and conversely, OA was also found in younger individuals 50years old). In the current predominate OA association extends to sex since the the older individuals of But this should not be confused with OA sex-specific association. Therefore,(≤ although an association between sampleOA was found it was not exclusive to older individuals,females norcompose sex, nor joints i.e. articular facets.the sample. Consequently, any studies that focus on DJC at articulations’ sites control for age, to prevent any bias in observation and interpretation. This precaution is to assess sex inequalities in past populations. The fact that OA was frequently encountered inmust individuals older than 50 represents a challenge in PPS since life expectancy was of low extremely important

estimation.

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Prisoners of war and perimortem fractures Ylva, of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University; Ingvarsson- Anne, of Archaeology and Ancient History, Classical Archaeology, Uppsala UniversityBäckström, & Department Uppsala University Sundström,Excavations of a 16thDepartment century during the 2000s in central Sweden revealed differences inMuseum the spatialGustavianum, distribution of graves, burial and Men, younger were buried in earthen graves,mining oftencommunity containingcemetery than one body. They to have been buried in their everyday clothes and one of the wascustoms buried withdemography. an iron collar still mainlyaround his neck. men,The general is that these burials were carelesslymore done to theseem other group of graves, where the dead and childrenmen of different ages) were buried in wooden coffins, in cases probablyimpression in burial shrouds. Signs of a difficult life can becompared seen in the prevalence of fractures. a third of the (women, in the men earth burials showed un-healed fractures to one percentmany in the coffin burials. Together with the with an iron-collar, this pattern points towards two specialAlmost social categoriesmen simple in the written sources: and especiallycompared war prisoners. The values for all earth burials are clusteredman around 0.712 (n=19) with “the locals” in coffins around .722 (n= 9).mentioned The vague s of a boundarycriminals between coffin burials and earth graves instrontium parts of the burial ground would substantiate this interpretation; the comparedwar prisoners were not buried inside the “proper” churchyard togetherremnant with the the village. Countries like Poland, Russia, or perhaps as a Danish coin was found in one of the earth graves, are likely candidates for the origins of such war prisoners accordingfamilies tofrom writtenmining records. Germany Denmark, The Impact of Industrialisation on Health in London: Understanding the Aetiology of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna Bekvalac, J, of London; Western, A. G, Ossafreelance; M, New Forest Hospital; Conlogue, J., Quinnipiac University, USA HyperostosisMuseum Frontalis Interna (HFI) is a pathological conditionFarmer, often observedLymington and recorded on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone in skeletal but its aetiology is still not fully understood. Clinical research has recently been carried out to investigate the possible contributory factors producing the bony response and tohuman the relationshipremains between HFI, age and sex. In populations, HFI is now being seen in greater of patients, with present day studies indicating that the of HFI, particularlyexamine in be linked to over-exposure of oestrogenmodern and associated with the ‘industrialisation’ of numberssociety. As part of a study investigating HFI, craniamanifestation of 18th -19th century individualsfemales, with biographicalmay St Bride’s Crypt, Fleet Street, London were and using directpreliminary digital radiography (DDR). The of the study was twofold; firstly, to investigate HFI prevalence in an industrialinformation population from with regard to the profile,examined longevitymacroscopically and parity in order to establish if they followed a patternaim to that observed in populations; and secondly, to quantify the of bydemographic the of crania. Age was a significant predictor of HFI at St. Bride’s, similarwhere it followed the pattern of occurrencemodern in populations and reflected the longevitylimitation of macroscopic The examinationresults also highlightedcompleteness the of the application of DDR when studying HFI in well preserved archaeological with modern crania. females. importance Cases of Head materialManipulationcomplete in the Medieval Groups of Eurasian Nomads Berezina, Natalia: Research Institute and of Anthropology Moscow State Univercity, Moscow, Russia The head has always attracted people’s attentionMuseum because it is identifiedLomonosov with being a In ancient

human. 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

people carried out different and of heads, leaving traces on the skull. Besides ritual and other special of the head, there was also or times, all of which was connectedantemortem with thepostmortem belief that themanipulations head was representativehuman of the entire body. That is one reason why often struckmanipulations the head. In our work we severalcommon cases of cranialmilitary vaulttrauma, in southern Russia (forest-steppe zone and North Caucasus). Differential diagnoses for enemies and ritual were with theexamine help of x-ray, which provideddamage an an medieval nomads picture fromwith and no loss of quality. The work was carried out with a Pardustrauma-150 x-ray manipulation at the Researchmade Institute and microfocus of Anthropology at Moscowinformative State University. A Digoramultiple zoomingwas used for decoding.image Two skeletal collections were used for ourmachine work: the collection of D.G. Rokhlin storedMuseum in the Peter the GreatLomonosov of Anthropology and Ethnographysystem at the Russian image of Science (Sankt-Petersburg, Russia), and the cranial collection of the Research Institute and of Anthropology at MoscowMuseum State University (Moscow, Russia). Two groups of skull vaultAcademy were investigated. The first includes defects on the frontal and occipital bones where differentialMuseum diagnoses distinguishLomonosov sharp strikes and trepanations by scraping. The other groupdamage contains of the cranial vault that, if they occur in an can be considered as a tribalinstrument tradition of head made i.e. trepanations. If these defects occurmodifications with regard to location and shape, wesystematically consider as ethnoculturalevidence of community, This work is supportedmanipulation, by Russian Fund ofsymbolic F Investigations, grant 2-06randomly-00009- them trauma. The silence of the lambs. A paleoepidemiologicalundamental approach for the identification№ of “murrain”а in archaeological deposits Binois, Annelise, Archaeology, de Paris 1 -Sorbonne, Nanterre Cedex, France “Murrain” and epizooticEnvironmental disease have undoubtedlyUniversité been cause for Panthéon at least since the advent of and have therefore represented a concern for agro-pastoral societies for just as long. These however, animal mortality absent the archaeologicalanimal record.domestication Our research focuses on developing an interpretativemajor for the understanding of carcassmass animal mortalities, in order to evidenceseem thealmost existence of epizooticfrom in archaeological sites and to suggest diagnostic hypotheses as toframework the cause of death involved. This presentation,animal basedaccumulations, on several case studies of ovine exposes the animal mortalitieswe have adopted and that when rigorously conducted, a approach based on the cross-referencing of bio-archaeological data and of mortalities, historical sources canmethodology lead to the probable identificationdemonstrates of pathogens involved in archaeological paleoepidemiological medical From the womb to the tomb. A medieval case of maternal andanimal foetalmortalities. mortality following a dystocic calving Binois, Annelise, Archaeology, de Paris 1 -Sorbonne, Nanterre Cedex, France This poster presentsEnvironmental an archaeological case ofUniversité dystocic calving havingPanthéon led to the death of both cow and calf. The two were found buried together in a single pit on the site of - Carlines 3 in northern France, excavated in 2012. The location of the foetal skeleton, wedged in the pelvicanimals canal, leaves little doubt to the cause of both deaths, andmedieval the Téteghem of the foetal positioning allows us to diagnose a foetal as the origin of the dystocia. We describe the exact naturematernal of the and discuss the options that could have beenexamination used to bring about a happier conclusion to the calving. Althoughmalposition dystocia was probably not an cause of death in malposition medical

uncommon 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

archaeological cattle, cases are exceedingly rare in the archaeological record. A single other occurrence appears to have been described, on the British Iron Age site of Gussage All Saints , and is presented here. Thesesimilar two cases offer a vivid and touching picture of life and death in early and provide valuable on obstetric knowledge and practices in ancient References: Harcourt, R. (1979) - The bones. In G. J. Wainwrightanimal (ed.), Gussage All Saints, an Iron Agefarms, in information of the Archaeology Reports, No.10, pp.times. 150-160. animal Analysessettlement of MycobacteriumDorset. Department tuberculosis genomesEnvironment from the pre-contact New World using high throughput sequencing Bos, Kirsten, of Archeological Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Kelly M. Harkins, Alexander Herbig, Jane E. Buikstra, Sebastien Gagneux, Anne C. Stone, and Johannes Krause The success ofDepartment DNA capture as applied to ancient pathogens suggests these techniques wouldGermany, be highly suitable for addressing outstanding questions regarding the evolutionary history of diseases. A long-standing question in paleopathology, for has been the phylogenetic of putative tuberculosis strains the pre-contact New World. many infectious of isolates indicate that M. tuberculosis Northexample, and South are closelyplacement related to those of EuropeanMycobacterium origin; this observation, however,from is with popularComparative of genomics tuberculosismodern history, which its worldwide fromdistribution via America duringmost the Pleistocene. Here we report on three incompatible tuberculosis models South pre- skeletalimply using DNA capture andhuman high migrationsthroughput sequencing. Our results will be discussed within a phylogeneticcomplete Mycobacteriumand phylogeographic genomes addressingfrom theories on preAmerican-contact Columbian infectionsmaterial in the New World, and the evolution in general of the tuberculosis framework, mycobacterial MycobacteriumBrawls, falls and musket-balls:complex. trauma patterning in 18th - early 19th century sailors of the British Royal Navy Boston, Ceridwen, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Wantage, United The opportunity to the physical effects of a specific lifestyle or occupation occurs but rarely in osteoarchaeology,Kingdom and is of considerable value in unpicking the influence of the on the body. This paperexamine the effect of a lifestyle on patterning, through the analysis of 300 skeletons excavated the burial grounds of three British Royalenvironment Navy (R.N.) hospitals: humanthe Royal Hospitals Haslar,examines and Greenwichmaritime (1748- 1856). Theytrauma of the R.N., who sailed and fought in thefrom conflicts in which Britain was engaged in this period. The theatre of war was global, withPlymouth, spending long periods at sea,comprised often on foreigncommon stations.seamen Naval physicians of the era agreed thatmany sailing a fighting ship was an hazardous occupation. This is borne out by osteologicalmany analysisseamen of the above skeletons, which display extraordinary rates of bony including over 900 fractures and dislocations. Using extremely and forensic analysis and evidence, this paper explores probable aetiologies of these fractures, based on fracturetrauma, distribution and type observed in the three R.N. modern Although battle trauma was undoubtedlydocumentary present, the of injuries weremost probably incurred in the everyday activities aboard ship, including falls, crush injuries and brawling. There areassemblages. also clusters of several unusualtrauma fractures, such as -III styloidmajority avulsions, acetabular fractures, joint surface crushing and flange lesions, patellar fractures and Shepherd’s fractures of the talus. These distributions tentatively suggest an occupationalmetacarpal patterning peculiar to seafarersrim in the Age of Sail.

trauma 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

‘Boys...and girls.... point toes’: occupation and Shepherd’s fractures in two archaeological populations Boston, Ceridwen, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Wantage, United Sinnott, Catherine, Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, United Shepherd’s fracturesKingdom; or fractures of the tubercle of the posterior process of the Shrivenham,talus are rarely reportedKingdom. in either the or osteoarchaeological literature. The fracture occurs during forceful hyperplantar flexionmedial or forced inversion of the foot (Judd and 2002), in which the posterior processmodern is crushedmedical between the distal tibial and the calcaneeponomousus. Colloquially known as ‘nutcracker fractures’, these fractures have been recognised in ballet dancers,Kim basketball players and footballers (Hillier et al. 2004). This study suggests two occupations associated with Shepherd’s 18th-19th century sailors andmodern 19th century weavers. Three hundred skeletons of of the British Royal Navy revealed 49 Shepherd’smore fractures (6.3% of skeletons, orfractures, 2.7 of tali namely present). The aetiology ofmale this fracture is unclear, but onefemale possible of injury have involvedseamen sailors working aloft in the rigging. Sailors, precariously balancing on rope stirrups beneath the yards, have needed to forcefully point their toes to theirmechanism balance duringmay a swell, resulting in a Shepherd’s fracture. A high prevalence of Shepherd’s fractures was also observed in 19th century may skeletons Darwen, Lancashire. Of 62 adultmaintain skeletons, seven displayed Shepherd’s fractures (11.3%). All but one was Weaving was the female industry in thefrom town, with working in cotton whilst still operated traditional female. in their of the period were foot-predominantoperated, and the high prevalence of Shepherd’smost men fractures in themechanized fe of this mills, suggestsmany females a fatigue fracture more repeated plantarhandlooms-flexion operatinghomes. this Handlooms References: Hillier J, Peace K, A, and Healy J. 2004. MRI features of foot and anklemales injuries in balletassemblage dancers. The British Journal of Radiologyfrom 77:532-537. Judd DB, and DH. 2002.machinery. Foot fractures frequently Hulme as ankle sprains. Physician 66(5):785-794. Kim Health status of latemisdiagnosed 19th and early 20th century KhoesanAmerican Family Botha, Deona: of University of Pretoria, South Africa. Since the arrival of the Dutch colonists in the Cape, Khoesan populations were subjected to severe political and Department Anatomy, and often fell prey to racial conflict and genocide. These persisted until the early 20th century, during which an astonishing of Khoesan skeletons wereeconomical transportedmarginalization South Africa to various locations in Europe, as at the different circumstancesinstitutions to obtain these valuable Due such numbersouthern African Khoesan groups suffered from nutritional stress, as well as substandard living conditions.time, Skeletal housedcompeted in two different European institutionsremains. were studied.circumstances, The of 140 the Rudolffrom Skeletal Collection in Vienna, Austria and 15 the deremains in Paris, France. These individuals represented both sexes andsample were agedcomprises between newborn andspecimens 75 years,from with 54 individualPö ch s being younger than 20 years of age and 101 specimensbeing adults.from The Museé was to analysel’Homme all skeletal lesions. Results indicated high levels of typical disease conditions associated with groups under stress, such as periostitis, cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis. disease,aim rickets, osteoarthritis and were also encountered other specific indicators of health and disease. This study provided additional knowledge on the health statusTreponemal and lives of the Khoesan people during thetrauma turn of the 20th century, as wellamongst as focused newmore awareness on a group of severely individuals.

mistreated

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A challenging diagnosis – Sct. Birgittes Chapel A 171 a case study Boyer, Charlotte, Chiara Villa, Charlotte Ida Marie Svendsen, Arge, Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov, of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, During the excavation of the Sct. BirgittesPrimeau, Chapel, Roskilde Cathedral, Sá ra Oladóttir dated to the Medieval period (AD 1000-1536),Department 41 skeletons were recovered. During the osteological analysis one individualDenmark revealed extensive pathological changes of particular interest. This wasDenmark, a c. 18- -old child (A 171). Each bone of this child was affected by different degrees of severity of lytic lesions, bone porosities, plaque of woven and bone. The long bones, pelvic bones, scapulae,month ribs, vertebrae, and clavicles are all characterized by diffused patterns of cortical bone resorption exposing the trabecularformations structures. The edges ofcompact the lytic areas show evidence of sclerotic reaction. In addition, porotic hyperostosis is evident both endo- and ectocranially, affecting all vault bones. However, the severe lesions on the skull are located on the frontal bone where extensive sunburst lesions are observed in eye orbits, surrounding areas and on the sphenoid. The and show themost periosteal reaction as the long bones and the palate is characterized by diffused porosities and active periostitis. The CT scans of the skeleton reveal a secondary bonemaxilla layer surroundingmandible both ilia the samediaphysis of the left The pathological alterations and the age of death indicate a diagnosis or femur. may Inquiringmegaloblastic intoanaemia the Medievalleukemia. Plagues Barbara, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Norway Exactly 120 years ago, in 1894, Alexander Yersin published the first paper about the causative agent of plague,Bramanti, Pasturella pestis - later called Yersinia pestis in his honor. Yersin was also convinced that the was responsive for the historical the first started with the Justinian plague (6th – 7th centuries), and the second one, started with the Black Death (14th – 18th centuries). But bacterium historians and other scientists were skeptical:pandemics, Discrepanciespandemic, in the description of in the rapidity of spread and in the of contagion accounted for several doubts about the etiology of thesome past “pestilences”. In the last few years, new investigations on putative plague symptoms, of the past by of ancient DNA (aDNA) modalitiesanalyses have settled the debate by that Y. pestis caused also the plagues of the past. These works have enabled a deeper insight into the victims and the phylogeny meansof the ancient plague pathogens and allow inferences about their nature,confirming their differences, their genetic and geographical relationships and the place of evolution. Nevertheless, incongruencesgenome still persist regarding the of that do not fit perfectly with those described by Paul Louis during an outbreak in India at the end of the 19th c. The past routesmodalities of transmission through the continents, the of wild and anthropochorous faunaSimond in Medieval and the interplay between conditions and plague are still debated. With a newdissemination ERC-Advanced Grant (MedPlag. The implication plagues: ecology, and routestimes of the infections) we are tryingclimatic to give an answer to all thesedynamics open questions about the historical pestilences with interdisciplinary studies involvingmedieval ancient DNA, transmission ecology, and history.modalities climatology, Developmental Conditions at Stirling Castle Buckberry, Jo, Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Stirling Castle was one of the key garrisons of the Scottish Wars of Independence, 1296-1328 and 1332- 1357AD. In 1997, excavations at Stirling Castle revealed a lost royal chapel and nineKingdom burials that were radiocarbon dated to the 14th and early 15th centuries. The abundance of peri- within this group has been reported on previously. A wide range of conditions were present mortem trauma

developmental 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

within this population. These include thoraco- -sacral and sacro-coccygeal vertebral shifts, cleft neural arch of C1 and scoliosis. In addition, one individual displayed an absent styloid process of the left ulnasmall and a bipartite left scaphoid. Both of theselumbar, lumbo in the wrist could represent healed non-union fractures; however the lack of any evidence of callus on either bone and the nature of the pseudoarthrosis a diagnosis ofabnormalities variants of the wrist likely. In total, five individuals (55.5%) had at least one variant.formation Once levels of preservationsmooth and are considered,make true prevalencedevelopmental rates for each condition rangedmore 25- 100%. The high prevalence of variants suggestsdevelopmental the population excavated at Stirling had a gene pool andcompleteness is, perhaps, indicative of patterns in elite populations. from developmental Skeletalsmall evidence for a prehistoric metabolicmarriage syndrome: Diffusemedieval idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and gout in a 3000-year-old Pacific Island skeletal assemblage Buckley, Hallie, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, Foster, Rebecca Kinaston, Stuart Bedford, Matthew Spriggs, Andrew Gray The PolynesiansAnatomy, have the highest prevalence of Aimee related diseases in the world. A genetic predisposition for and has been proposed as contributingmodern to this pattern. Here we metabolic dietarysyndrome isotope values with the presence of skeletal indicators of diffuse idiopathichyperinsulinaemia skeletal hyperostosishyperuricaemia (DISH) and gout in an early prehistoric Pacific Island skeletalepidemiological in order to evaluate riskcompare factors for the of these conditions in the past. More broadly, we to contribute to the understanding of the of assemblage by considering its prehistoric analogue. development The skeletons of thirty-five individuals aim the 3000-year-old of developmentVanuatu were modernassessedmetabolic for the presencesyndrome of proliferative and erosive skeletal indicative of DISH and gout. Statistical analyses show there was a significantfrom relationship betweenassemblage DISH andTeouma, gout and there was a relationship between the two conditions and stable isotope ratiosmodifications of carbon and nitrogen. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the presence of DISH and gout. When sexes were considered separately this relationship was significant for only. There was no difference in the carbon or nitrogen stable isotope values between individuals with and without DISH or gout. The presence of a positive relationship between DISH and goutmales and absence of a positive relationship with dietarymean isotopes suggests that while DISH and gout have a causative factor, that factor is not individual access to dietary resources. Most likely, individual genetic factors interacted with the conditions in place during the colonization processcommon to produce a pattern of skeletal change that could be considered a prehistoric variant of the environmental Post-traumatic signs of blunt trauma of the skull of the Uppermetabolic Paleolithicsyndrome. man from Kostenki XIV, Russia Buzhilova, Alexandra, Moscow State University, Research Institute and of Anthropology, Moscow, Russia The Markina Gora (Kostenki XIV) skeleton was discovered in 1954 by RogachevMuseum in a pit of oval at the site of Kostenki, European Russia (Rogachev, 1955). Direct dating of the by accelerator (AMS) yielded an age of 33,250±500 yBP et al., 2012). Theform skeleton was found lying on its left side in an crouched position. Thehuman skull wasremains oriented face down, and bothmass handsspectrometry to be connected to the The (Marom of the pit, the skeleton, and especially the skull, were covered with red ochreextreme (Rogachev, 1955). The red ochre covering as well as the unusual position suggestsseemed an intentional burial. Themandible. sex of the individualbottom was to be and age at death was according to the teeth and cranial suture closure to be young adult. The determined male

estimated 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

analysis of pathological features of the skeleton degeneration of the bodies of two vertebrae. This could be the result of spinal In addition, two healed injuries of a skull were noted. (CT) was used as aconfirms of investigation to explore the characteristicslumbar of the skull lesions. As a result, it was possibletrauma. to record post- signs, such as intracranial calcifiedComputed tomography in the right parietal area andmethod a large lesion in the fronto-parietal part of the skull. Intracranial be caused bytraumatic any blunt due to a fall, or any accident.hemorrhaging The is discussed both in the context of osteomyelitic everyday life, and as part of the funeral incorporating the hemorrhagingpresence of redmay ochre inside the skull of the trauma, The research wastrauma supported by grant of RFBR #13-06-12035normal ceremonyReferences: Rogachev A.N. Pogrebenie veka na stoyankeman. Kostenki XIV (Markina Gora) // Sovetskaya Etnografiya. 1955. # 1. P. 29-39 (in Russian). A., McCullagh J, T, Sinitsyn A.A, and Hedges R. Single drevnekamennogo acid radiocarbon dating of UpperPaleolithic // PNAS (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A). 2 2. 9( ). P.6 7 - 6881. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116328109Marom Higham amino modern humans MedMAX – A new possibility for synchrotron№ radiation imaging in paleopathology? Ceberg, Crister, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Sweden The new Swedish synchrotron radiation facility, Max IV, which is currently under construction in Lund, will have state-of-the-art for the production of x-rays with characteristics in a wide energy region. The will have high coherence, which it particularly well suited for A dedicated performancefor MedMAX, will provideoptimal very powerful techniques, to conventionalbeam x-rayextremely Phase-contrast makes offers excellent soft-tissue contrastimaging. and unique qualitiesbeamline for bonebiomedical and cartilageimaging, while spectroscopic techniques allow for quantitativecomplementary of specific imaging. and In bothimaging cases, 3D can be applied on large objects with very high resolution. Thisimaging, talk will give an overview of synchrotron radiation imaging techniques thatelements will be availablemolecules. at MedMAX, and how ittomographic can be used methodsin research, in particular for studies on bone and cartilage. will be given studies on the imaging and growth of bones and cartilage in infants and young people, the biomedical and potential reversal of arthritis, and the degeneration in anExamples aging population. Thesefrom techniques havedevelopment proven to be useful also in biological archaeology, and will bedevelopment given paleopathological research. imaging some examples from A model of violence: Archaeology and bioarchaeology in prehistory Collier, Larissa, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, United States The past is often used as a guideline, a stick, for predicting, or understanding behaviorAlabama in the present. One of the greatest difficulties in studying violence in the past is how to place violence in ameasuring definitive role in themapping, daily life of an individualsimply or society. While violencehuman and warfare leave recognizable patterns in the archaeological record, skeletal candetermining be created by a variety of situations (Bennike 2008; Walker 2001). I propose to look at the relationship between and violence through a that contextualizes(material) potential fluctuationstrauma in the frequency of over This is not intended to govern the direction of research on Instead, it is atrauma heuristic designed to providemodel a basis for further hypothesis regarding violencetrauma-related time. Prescrimodelptive aids in the interpretation of liketrauma. cultural and social orders, bymodel providing an illustration, or prediction, of how data development present under specified conditions (Meyertrauma. 2004). The highlightsmodeling the frequency of in specificcomplex trendssystems, of violence and how that frequency change over The of the is to producemay a flexible way to the frequency and pattern of model and its relationship to violencetrauma in prehistory. The may time. aim model

examine trauma model 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

provides a to place within a cultural context. It also integrates archaeological evidence with violence and adjusts the patterns (peaks and troughs) for an expected level of frequency that can then be usedframework to the bioarchaeological evidence for violence within a skeletal collection. This creates a nuanced understanding of the use or production of, andtrauma in, violence and violent practices.examine modelReferences: Bennike,more Pia (2008) In Advances in Palaeopathology.engagement Ron Pinhasi and Mays, eds. Pp. 309-28. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons. Meyer, Walter (2004) Concepts of Modeling. Mineola, Trauma.NY: Dover Publications. HumanWalker, Phillip L. (2001) A Bioarchaeological PerspectiveSimon on the History of Violence. Annual Review of Anthropology 30(1):573-596. Mathematical Clinoid Bridging and Developmental Pathology: an Example from Indiana Cook, Della Collins, Anthropology, Indiana University, Indiana, United States Physical anthropologists consider clinoid bridges a variant rather than an indicator of pathology. Clinoid bridges exhibit considerable variabilityBloomington, across populations, and have been incorporated in biological distance studies. normal anatomical However, extensive clinoid bridging is reported in several human including Axenfeld- Rieger Pascual- Castroviejo and Osteogenesis An adolescent the Late Prehistoric Murphy Site in southern Indiana, 12Po1developmental-1, exhibits syndromes, clinoid bridges associatedSyndrome, with regions of Syndrome, suture closure. Dental andImperfecta. skeletal aremale from discrepant: the third roots are nearly fully whereas the sphenoccipitalmassive synchondrosis is open, and epiphysealsmall fusion is consistentpremature with a younger age. Features characteristicdevelopments of the listed abovemolar are absent, but there are subtleformed, of cranial and dental in several of these features. In his work on dental agenesismuch and Stanley Garn argued syndromesfor a threshold of discrete variation. If his anomaliesis generalized, it places the morphology or the pathological at the ends of the distribution of developmental features.timing, features in 12Po1-1 suggestmodel delay and ill health at the thresholdmodel of adult life. Since ratesabnormal are at their lowest between 5 and 20 years of age, normalthis is the cohort in morphological expect to seeDevelopmental associated with disorders of Mortuary practices suggest that this youngmortality was a valued of his perhaps indicating that his conditionwhich did notwe mightinclude behavioral deficits.mortality Thanks to Cheryl development.A. Munson for access to this interesting person and assistanceman with member and photography.community, documentation A high throughput approach to genotype ancient parasite remains Nathalie, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France & Laboratoire Chrono- UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche- Besançon, France; Le Bailly, Matthieu,Cô té , Laboratoire Chrono- UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche- Besançon, France; NicolasEnvironnement, Capelli, Laboratoire Chrono- UMRComté CNRS , 6249, University of Franche- Besançon, France; ThierryEnvironnement, Grange*, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University ParisComté Diderot, , Paris, France; Eva-Maria Geigl*, Institut Jacques Monod,Environnement, CNRS, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France, *co-last authorsComté , Paleoparasitology, i.e., the study of parasite (eggs, - antigens, DNA) in archaeological is to investigate the health status of past populations. While identification by observationsremains of eggmacro featuresremains, has been intensively developed during the 20thsamples, century theimportant field still lacks serious genetic studies. The of next generation sequencingtaxonomic (NGS) boosted themicroscopic field of palaeogenetics and allowed sequencing of entire ancient has since then an new tool in evolutionarydevelopment studies. The analysis of ancient however, is still challenging. We developed an approach for the genotyping ofgenomes. Palaeogenomics, become important 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 genomes,

archaeological called “a Plex Torrent”, which the specificity and sensitivity of PCR with NGS. This approach was adapted to the study of parasite traces in ancient faeces preserved as specimens In particular, we genotype gastrocombines-intestinal such as Taenia saginata, T. solium, T. asiatica, Trichuris trichiura, Dicrocoelium dendriticumgenome, that had infected human sediments. in up to 96 Our results show that genetic andhelminthes approaches are since using the aMPlex Torrent approach we can identify the presencehumans, of parasite speciessimultaneously ancient organicsamples. even when eggs have not been observed.microscopic complementary, Perinatalfrom deaths in the «Ermidasamples do Espírito Santo» (Almada, Portugal): between affection and marginalization Curate, Francisco*, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health – University of Portugal; City Council – Division of Archaeology, Portugal; Rosa, City Council – Division of Archaeology, Portugal; Matos, Research CentreCoimbra, for AnthropologyTelmo António, andAlmada Health – University of Portugal; AnaTavares,Almada, Garcia deSé Orta rgio HospitalAlmada – Paediatric Service, Portugal; FernandoAlmada, Robles, Vı́tor City Council – Division of Archaeology, Portugal, * CorrespondinCoimbra,g author: An extensive overhaulAlmada, of the do Santo»Almada Portugal), sponsored by the City Council, allowedAlmada, the full archaeological excavation [email protected] the abandoned church (16th – 19th centuries). The skeletal of 88 individuals«Ermida wereEspı́rito recovered, of(Almada, which 12 (13.6%) were non-adults. ThisAlmada study to present six individuals deceased during the perinatal period and at the Five of the individualsremains were dorsally deposited, and oriented in with the of theaims congregation (S-N); two were buried in the of their inhumed «Ermida». a «cradling» position), two were interred outside the church’sharmony nave, and one wasoverwhelming buried in the majoritynarthex, contiguous to the doorway. Finally, a perinatal armsindividual waspresumed interred inmothers ventral (resemblingposition, in an unorthodox SE-NO orientation, suggesting a non-ritualized disposal. Perinatal and neonatal deaths, obstetric deaths of both and child, and the of perinatal deceased individuals – ranging social and in the case of the apparent -child double burials, and the apparentmother ofdissimilar the othermortuary individualstreatment – in the do Santo», will be discussedfrom in a bioculturalremembrance attachment mother marginalization «Ermida Espı́rito Women and Non-Adults aboard Warshipsframework. in the 16th and 17th Centuries Drew, Rose, University of Winchester, United have always been part of as followers, sutlers, wives, and occasionally as soldiers. Warships did not officially excludeKingdom until the early 19th century: were a Women part of European atmilitary least campaigns, the 14th untilcamp well into the 19th centuries" (Hacker 1981: 643). Skeletal 16th century Englishwomen warship Mary Rose and the 17"Womenth century Swedish normalwarship Kronan are armies for from traits. In the of both disasters, those on board material from the with bones best considered as isolated however, os coxae, sacra and vertebraeexamined that articulatefemale are consideredaftermath to be one individual.remains fromIn addition, skeletal became areintermingled, not of drawn a elements; in use for generations:lumbar bones could only be firmly on board. On thefrom Mary Rose, two and possibly three differentelements individualscomprised are random basedremains on os coxae andfrom selectedmedieval long bonecemetery On the Kronan, two pelvesfemale are probable from femalesalthough at least five nonadults at or younger than age 6-8 years provideambiguous, the biggest surprise. diameters. References: Hacker, B. C.from 1981. females, and Military Institutionsremains fromin Early Modern Europe: A Reconnaissance. Signs. 6: 643-671. Women 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Rib lesions and other signs of infectious in non-adults from the medieval necropolis associated with the São Martinho Church (Leiria, Portugal) Garcia, Susana, ISCSP/CAPP, Museu Nacional de Natural e da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal & CIAS and of Life Sciences, University of Portugal; Santos, Ana Luisa, ISCSP/CAPP, Museu Nacional de NaturalHistória e da UniversidadeCiência, de Lisboa, Portugal & CIAS and of LifeDepartment Sciences, University of PortugalCoimbra, The area of the MartinhoHistó church ria (ca. 13th-16thCiência, centuries AD), in Leira town, was excavated in 2000/1.Department During the fieldwork 157 skeletons andCoimbra, bones were The individuals in articulationformer Sã o were studied (Garcia, 2007) and this study to discuss the differential diagnosis of the conditions behind the lesions visiblenumerous in the noncommingled-adults. Of the 63 individualsexhumed. with the age at death between birth and 18 years, 6 (9.5%) present ribs with newaims bone In this group, one child has an osteolytic lesion in the and another shows exuberant bone reactions of the and vertebrae. of hand phalanges is noted the pathologicalformation. lesions visible in these individuals. In addition to the mandible evaluation, a radiological was also limbs of several Enlargementbones. Although a nonspecific trait, an unusuallyamongst high presence of lesions in the ribs is noted in these non- adults. Themacroscopic lesions on the axis and appendicular examinationskeletal allowed the identificationperformed of probable cases of tuberculosis. Differential diagnosis was with respect to other conditions reported in this group of non-adults. This study added evidence of infectious diseases to the paleopathological record of a Portuguese urban population. performed References: Garcia, M.S.J. 2007. Maleitas do corpo Indicadores de stresse e paleopatológicosmedieval série osteológica urbana de Leiria. PhD Thesis, University of [Unpublished]. em tempos medievais: paleodemográficos, numa Skeletal manifestationsCoimbra of stress in child victims of the Great Irish Famine (1845–52): Prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, Harris lines and growth retardation Geber, Jonny, of Archaeology, University College Cork, Cork City, Republic of Ireland The Great Irish of 1845–52 is the worst food crises in history. While aspects of thisDepartment period have been studied by generations of scholars, relatively little attention has so far been given to theFamine physiological among it is likely to have had on the peoplehuman who suffered andnumerous to it. This study the prevalence of hypoplasia, Harris lines and growth retardation in the non-adult proportionimpact of a skeletal population of the who diedsuccumbed in the workhouse in theexamines city of Kilkenny between 1847enamel and 1851. The frequency of hypoplasia in these children does not appear to have increased ascomprising a consequencevictims of Famine although this fact is likely to be a reflection of the osteological paradox. Harris lines and growth retardation,enamel however, were very prevalent, and the and age-specific distribution offamine, these be indicators of the experience. While there was no clear correlation in the occurrence of the assessed the presence of cribramanifestation orbitalia displayed a weak but significant relationshipmay to hypoplasiaFamine in 1–5 year old children. While starvation, disorders and infectious diseases aremarkers, likely to have greatly contributed to the of the the psychosocial enamelstress relating to institutionalization in the workhouse should metabolicnot be as a substantial causative factor for skeletal stress in this population. manifestation markers, underestimated Plagiocephaly and Torticollis of three Individuals from a Kurgan (Scythian Period) in Majemer, Kazakhstan Juliane, DAI, Berlin, In Kazakhstan, archaeological research revealed seven out of a Kurgan, which belongsHaelm, to the Scythian periodGermany (4th - 2nd century BC). Three out of seven skeletons show Majemer, inhumations 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 morphological

changes on the skull. The length, size and position of the process is divergent and indicate different lengths and strength of the Additionally, the cranial base shows an enlarged occipital bone unilaterally and different shapedmastoid occipital condyles. This picture is associated with torticollis, which includessternocleidomastoideus plagiocephaly.muscle. There are reasons for this pathology, which will be discussed in the poster. It be congenital, with the bony being an to the condition over a longdeformational duration. Another reason can be a many disease, which is not diagnosed on the skeletons. may transformation Alsoadjustment an osseous of the vertebral bones has to be excluded. It is rheumatic that three out of seven individuals have this evidence and the DNA- will clarify, whether this Kurgan-group showsdeformity a genetic disposition to the condition. remarkable remaining examination Surgical manipulations in the process of mummification: Post-mortem symphysiotomy repair of the pelvic bone of a mummified woman in tomb TT16 (Panhesi Tomb; Thebas Tomb; Luxor, Egypt) , ,* Universidad de Madrid, Spain; Miguel A. Englewood Hospital, NJ and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY USA; Suzanne Onstein, University of TE, USA; Virginia Reckard,Herrerı́n UniversityJ e s ú s of Autónoma TE, USA; Elizabeth Warkentin, UniversitySánchez, of TE, USA; Tiffany University of TE, USA *Correspondence to: Memphis, of Physical Anthropology, FacultadMemphis, de Universidad de Madrid, Memphis, de Cantoblanco, Spain, 28049.Redman, Memphis, J e s ú s Herrerı́n, Department The of PanhesiBiologı́a, (TT 16) is locatedAutó in Dra no Abu ma El-Naga (LuxorCampus West Bank). Abundant were found in this passage. These are the consequence of the continuousRameside reusetomb of the for intrusion burials for over 1000 years of the than 3000 years of thehuman remains history. During the 2011, 2012 and 2013human season,remains the first 15 of the passage yielded a great quantity of tomb and anthropologic and paleopathologicmore studies were tomb’s the we found of severalmeters post- surgical proceduresremains, that themostly human, with great precision and care to preserve the physicalperformed. integrityAmong of the exhumedindividual.human This wasremains achieved eithersamples by careful extractionimportant of the brainmortem through the nose through an opening embalmersin the performed cribrosa of the and also with incisions for the extraction of the and thoracic viscera. However, one of the striking finding was the pelvic bones in a younglamina with the pubisethmoids united by a suture meticulous withabdominal a rope that was in resin and placedabdominal to reconstruct the position.most We believe that the suturing was as a post- woman repair. To explain performedthis surgical we believeembedded that dystocia of the fetus likely caused labornormal arrestanatomical with fetal retention in the pelvis and was probably theperformed cause of death for themortem symphysiotomy and child. The extraction of the fetus maneuver the widening of the delivery channel throughmost a cut in the of the pubis. It appears that the suture was placed the cavity,mother once and the fetus was extracted.demanded This is the first report of an obstetric procedure during theligaments process of symphys that we are aware. from abdominal empty Parietal thinning, comparativeperformed radiological study of 6 cases, onemummification from ancient Egypt and five from Spain (XVI Century) Universidad de Madrid, Spain; Natasa Sarkic, Universidad de Madrid, Spain; Rosa Hospital General deCatalunya. Spain. J* eCorrespondence s ú s Herrerı́n, to: Jesús Herrerín,Autónoma of Physical Anthropology, Facultad Autónomade Biología, Universidad Dinarés, de Madrid. de Cantoblanco, Spain, 28049. Bilateral thinning of the parietal bonesDepartment is a disease described in the eighteenth century. Although there is still no consensusAutónoma in of its etiology.Campus have considered it an variant or a non- 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 terms Some anatomical

progressive congenital dysplasia of the others think it’s an acquired and progressive disease, associate it with senility, or osteoporosis, others growth defects or even constant pressure on this area of the skull as its cause, anddiploë, finally, there are researchers that relate it to acute atrophysome associated with and blame the -Stout disease, diabetes and, in actual clinic practice, a prolonged steroid therapy. We would like to presentinflammatory 6 cases two necropolises, quitetrauma, separatedprimary in metastatic and space,tumors, but with Gorham features of the disease on mellitus,the affected individuals. One of cases is a of 95 adult skulls found in the of from (Luxor, Egypt), in the time between the I and II centurycommon AD. The other five cases are the seventeenth- century necropolisfrom excavatedsample in the Claustro del Infante Don Juantomb Manuel Momthemhat Spain). In this necropolistime 84 frameindividuals have been 68 6 and 10 from all aged 15 to 60 years of age. of that period indicates that (Belmonte,nuns were buried in that cloister. Radiography was onexhumed; all the casesfemales, bothmales necropolises in indeterminated,order to establish the correctfrom diagnosis. Of the six casesDocumentation 5 were and one was a All ofmostly were between 45 and 50 years of age. performed from women man. them Dental disease in a high-status post-medieval population from Ambel, Zaragoza, north-east Spain Jakob, Tina, of Archaeology, University, United Wallace Walser III, Joe, of Archaeology, University, United In 2007, 41 individualsDepartment were excavated Durham the Iglesia ParroquialDurham, de San MiguelKingdom; de dating to the 16th- 18thDepartment century CE (Blanco MorteDurham 2007). These burialsDurham, were located inKingdom the nave of the church, in to the altar indicating thefrom high social status of the deceased. San MiguelAmbel, is associated with the preceptory of the Knights Hospitallers who were based in since the 14th century (Gerrardproximity 1999). Textualmajor, evidence attests the burials of at least one of the Order’s and the infant nephew of one of the near the High Altar. This presentationAmbel to assess the prevalence of dental caries, periapical lesions and ante- tooth loss (AMTL) Commandersusing We hypothesize thatcommanders these high status individuals would have had accessaims to a diet high in carbohydrates and especially sugars, thus leading to a highermortem prevalence of tooth decay, dentalmacroscopic infection methods.and subsequent AMTL when to skeletal populations of different social status (Lopez et al. 2012). A total of 27 individuals had at least one tooth and/or alveolar socket preserved. Of these three werecompared non-adults contemporaneous(under the age of 18 years), nine and 15 Despite an even distribution of younger (18-35 years) and older (35+) individuals in the adult all but one had AMTL, periapical lesions or dental caries. AMTL was the were prevalent female conditionmale. with 16 adults (67%) having lost at least one tooth during life and several individuals were sample, edentulous. In contrast, dental disease rates for other Spanish weremost lower and our findings will be discussedtaking contextual such as textual references to food provisionscompletely available to the individuals living in into consideration (Gerrard and samples 2003). References: Blanco Morte, A. 2007.information final de la actuación de y control archqueológico de lasAmbel obras de restauratión y excavation archqueolóciaGutiérrez en la iglesia parroquial de San Miguel de (Zaragoza). UnpublishedInforme Exp. 408/2007.seguimiento Gerrard, C.,Gutiérrez, A. 2003. El espacio In:Gerrard, C.M. Paisaje y señorío. La casa conventual de (Zaragoza): arqueología,Ambel arquitectura e historia de las Órdenesmanuscript N. del y del Hospital. Zaragoza: Institucióndomestico. Fernando el Católico; pp. 259-307. Gerrard, C.M.1999.Opposing identity:Ambel Christians and the Military Orders in rural Aragon. Medieval Archaeologymilitares 43:Temple 143-160. Lopez, B, Pardiñas, A.F., Garcia-Vazquez, E., Dopico, E. 2012. Socio-cultural factors in dental diseases in the MedievalMuslims, and early Modern Age of northern Spain. HOMO 63: 21-42.

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Manual segmentation and visualization of the gastrointestinal tract of a 17th century Korean general Jakobsen, Lykke Schrøder, of Forensic Medicine, Unit of Forensic Anthropology, Copenhagen, Lynnerup Niels, of Forensic Medicine, Unit of Forensic Anthropology, Copenhagen,Department In Sun Lee, of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea;Denmark; Dong Hoon Shin, Department of Seoul National Hospital, Korea We present the results of Denmark; virtual Department in order to clarify and corroborate to previous CT- and post- Department dissection inAnatomy, a Korean The dates back to the 17th century, and is one ofperforming several Korean morphometry finds, notable for their extraordinary preservation [1]. The imaging was scanned atfactum the Dept. of Radiology, Dankookmummy. Universitymummy Hospital, Korea. Using the mummy 3D visualization, and of eventualmummy in the GI Further, we investigated the HU value of the andcomputer the intestine program wall.Mimics, Finally,we we made triedimage to segmentation,the the last volumetric and estimationof death. We were able toremains isolated several partslumen. of the GI tract, likely to bemean the descendinglumen colon,material the colon and the These partsestimate of the GI tracttime was between dilated and filledmeal with time likely to be feces. The total of most was cecum, The HU valuessigmoid of the rectum.inside the GI tract and the intestine wall suggested that there wassome a differentmaterial, HU profilemost for the two types of soft tissue.amount Thus,lumen what wasmaterial thought toapproximately be feces in fact62 was cm3. intestine mean content and not collapsedmaterial intestine wall. Finally, recent research has shown that the whole gut transit is about 28-31 hours [2-4]. Due to the slice-by-slice of the GI tract, which revealed feces in the lower GI tract, and the exact available today, it is likely timethat the Korean general’s last was 25-35 hours beforesegmentation his death. Thus his death cannot be explained by an acute fracture of the more This studymotility is anmeasurements of the advantages ofmost the and 3D mealvisualization when investigating ancient and fragile References: 1. Lee Sunmandible. et al. 2009. Acute example death of a 17thmany century general basedimage on segmentation of found in Korea. Annals of 191:309mummies.-320. 2. I Sarosiek et al. 2010. The of regional gut transittraumatic in healthy controls and patients with gastroparasis examinationusing wireless mummified technology. remains &Anatomy, Therapeutics, 31, 313-322. 3. D et al. 2011.assessment The use of a wireless devisetimes for the of gastrointestinal transit aftermotility a dietary fibre intervention.Alimentary BritishPharmacology Journal of Nutrition, 105, 1337-1342. 4. D GelfondTimm et al. 2013. Intestinal pH and Gastrointestinalmotility Transit(SmartPill®) Profiles in Cysticmeasurement Fibrosis Patients Measured by Wirelesstime Motility Capsule. Digestive Disease and Science, 58:2275-2281.

Oral pathologies and dental modification from 19th century enslaved Africans Johannesdottir, Erna, Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Hendy, Jessica, BioArCh, University of York, United Robson-Brown, Kate, Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Collins, Matthew, BioArCh, UniversityKingdom; of York, United Kingdom; During the British suppression of the Trans-AtlanticKingdom; slave trade in the -19th century the south Atlantic island ofKingdom St Helena played a critical role. Over 26,000 ‘liberated Africans’ were received on the island, recovered captured slave ships and liberated by the Britishmid Navy. Recent excavationsmall, on the island revealed of 325 of this trade, who died as a result of their forced transport across the Atlantic in appallingfrom conditions. Osteological analysis of this population has revealed a) the largest of Africanremains dental victims found in an archaeological context and b) a host of pathologies, notably oral pathologies. In this study, we have analysed these dental and theirassemblage relation to dental abscessesmodification and tooth loss. In addition, to further understand the aetiology of these oral pathologies, we have applied ancient DNA and ancient proteinmodifications analysis to dental premortem 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

calculus, revealing of the specific oral pathogens responsible for these infections. By using conventional and novel approaches we hope to the life-ways of this unique group of people, and our knowledgesome of origins, cultural practices and health of enslaved Africans in the 19th century. illuminate improve Diet and health during the Industrial Period in Copenhagen Jørkov, Marie Louise, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Diet plays a significant role on our health and lifestyle. Based on the anthropological and stable isotopic analysis of the skeletal Denmark the Assistens Copenhagen (n=854) an investigation of diet and health during the 19th and 20th Century is currently being conducted. The were analysed during the excavationsmaterial from for a new Metro stationcemetery, lead by Copenhagen Whether an absence or presence of certain diseases can in fact be reflected in the isotopic signal remainswill not only provide new to our understanding on the relation betweenMuseum. health and diet in the light of cultural and technological innovations during this period, but is indeed also relevant for the understandingimportant of presentinformation day diet and lifestyle diseases. In this light, the results will add new anthropological to a period which is historically well results will be presented here. information time documented. Preliminary Life and death of Children at Čerina: Bioanthropological analysis of young children remains from Josipovac-Čerina site, Croatia Marijana, Dep.for bioanthropology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia Site of Josipovac- is located near Osijek in eastern Croatia. It was excavated during of 2013Jukić, as part of rescue exavation due to construction of eastern European C-5 corridor. Part of the wasCČerina unearthed during that period - total of 291 graves. half of the summer (122) were young children and subadults; there is 6 double – / child grave as well.motorway of this work is to showcemetery condition and causes of death in children Almost and to presentthem overall bioanthropological analysis of children skeletons sincemother site is new in Croatian archaeologyAim and was not locatedmost duringcommon survey investigations nither and thereform isCČerina very little historical or archeological data about that area as well. On the other hand to show living conditions and presence of subadult stress on children skeletalpreliminary in the first place and their direct relatives in rural during beginning ( 1525 ) of occupation in the eastern part of continental Croatia. Most of the children arematerial under 5 years of age at the of death and of environment signs of subadult stress ( CribraOttoman orbitalia ) in all cases in active traces of ectocranial porosity (Šlaus 2006) . On all children with their time teeth dental most hypoplasiathem show was noted (Šlaus 2006). almost form, References:almost Šlaus 2006. Šlaus, Bioarheologija.permanent D zdravlje,enamel i prehrana starohrvatskih populacija, Školska knjiga, Zagreb. emografija, traume Skeletal Abnormalities observed in an adult from Early Medieval Poland: Is this a rare Archaeological Case of Down Syndrome? Justus, Hedy, Anthropology The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA; Agnew, M., Anthropology The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA & Division of The Ohio State University,Department, Ohio, USA Columbus, AAmanda skeleton (35-45 yearsDepartment, old) in the Giecz Collection (11-12th c),Columbus, exhibits cranial and Anatomy,postcranial of whichColumbus, is consistent with that observed in Down (DS). This skeletonmale is below average in stature for in this population and exhibits nasalabnormal hypoplasia (possibly morphology, some Syndrome 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 males

unilateral nasal aplasia), extraordinarily wide interorbital breadth, a short occipital chord, and unusual in the axial skeleton, hands, and feet. DS is often the result of 21, a congenital typically occurring by nondisjunction during oocyte resulting in an extra copymorphology of 21. During most the extra Trisomy is replicated in every cellabnormality of the body. DS hinders skeletalmeiotic growth and results in craniofacial formation shortened ears,chromosome and a flattened face. DSembryonic is often associateddevelopment, with retardation,chromosome heart conditions, and infections. One of the greatest risk factors for DS is advancedabnormalities, age, particularlylimbs, aftersmall age 35 (Sadler 2012). A description of DS was first publishedmental in 1866 by English physician John Langdonleukemia, Down. Later in 1959, French physician Lejeune identified itmaternal as a disorder. Although artifacts (paintings and figurines) have been interpreted to depict the in antiquity, it has rarely been reported for archaeological skeletalJérôme and of these caseschromosomal are children (Berg and Korossy 2001). DS is rarely described in popular paleopathology reference textssyndrome (Aufderheide and - 1998; Roberts and Manchester 2001).remains, This postermost presents a description of skeletal observed in an early Polish skeleton and offers a differential diagnosis. References:Rodrı́guez Marı́n Aufderheide AC, Rodríguez-Marín C. 1998. The Encyclopedia of Paleopathology. anomalies University Press: medieval Berg JM, Korossy M. 2001. Down before Down: A retrospect. Journal of Medical Genetics 102:205-211;Cambridge Roberts C, Manchester K. 2007. The ArchaeologyCambridge of Disease, 3rd edition.Cambridge; Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY.; Sadlersyndrome TW. 2 2. edical American 2th edition. Lippincott & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA. Langman’s ArchaeoparasitologyEmbyology, in Lithuania Williams Kessler-Ison, Erika, of Sociology and Anthropology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, USA ; Povilas National M Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania Gary King, of Archaeology,Department University, United ; Jankauskas, of HistologyBlaževičius, and Anthropology,useum Vilnius University DepartmentArchaeoparasitology is a rapidlyDurham developing branch of palaeopathology.Kingdom Rimantas It helps to reconstructDepartment the lifestylesAnatomy, of past populations, providing about - parasite interactions, sanitation, hygiene and The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify and endoparasite eggs and of ectoparasites two information human in Lithuania (in Vilnius, str., 3th- 14th c.c., andmigration. rural, 4th-15th c.c.), 16th-17th c.c. latrines and hygienicexamine utensils of the Palace of theremains Grand Dukes and the Napoleon’sfrom medieval Grand cemeteries grave (D ) in Vilnius.Bokšto In soil taken pelvic areas,Paūdronys, eggs of Ascaris and Trichuris/Capillaria were found in str., only Ascaris– in Latrine contents the PalaceArmy of themass Grand Dukes hadecember high concentrations of Ascaris,samples Trichurisfrom and eggs. These finds are to other analyses Bokšto in the area of thePaūdronys. Eastern Baltics, indicating from character of infestation. Mass grave of Napoleonic soldiers showed evidenceDiphyllobothrium of eggs, similarsuggesting initial infestationperformed in southern areas (probably those were endemic of a veteran of Napoleon‘s Egypt Concerning ectoparasites, vestiges of chitin exoskeletonsSchistosoma of haematobiumPediculus were found on a the Palace and with skeletal of Napoleonicremains soldiers. The last fact correlates wellcampaign). with historical evidences indicating pediculosis in Lithuania in Late Medievalhumanus – Early Modern comb from remains Buttonmassive Osteoma Cases found in Joseon Dynasty Human Sampletimes. Collection of Korea Myeung Ju, Paleopathology Lab, of Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 330-714, Korea; Oh, Chang Seok Evolution, Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Research Kim,Group, Seoul National University CollegeDepartment of Medicine,Anatomy, Seoul, 110-799, Korea; Yi-suk, of Ewha University School of Medicine, 911, Mok5-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea; Yusu, Evolution, bioanthropology and Paleopathology Kim,Research Group,Department Seoul Anatomy, Womans 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 Kim,

National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Korea. ; Shin, Dong Hoon Evolution, bioanthropology and Paleopathology Research Group, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Korea. Benign bone- are considered as osteoid and There are reports of occurring benign in forming concernedneoplasms with geographic regionsosteoma, though few suchosteoma, cases haveosteoblastoma, been reported in Asia. In thisosteosarcoma study, benign boneosteochondroma. were found in two skeletonscommonly (case 75 and 96) of Joseonneoplasms Dynasty human remainsCollection (JDHSC) found in the LSMB located in Seoul, Korea. Based on and radiological analysis, dense,tumors circular and sclerotic bone was diagnosed as Human whichSample laid in line with the cranial vault suture intomb both cases. in case 75 and 96macroscopic as 376×369 and 375×241 respectively.homogeneous This study will provide themass characteristic featureosteoma of button found in Korea and a differential diagnosis of the benignOsteoma bone- measured to help us better understandmm the types mm,of diseases that affected the lives of people in early Asia. osteoma forming neoplasm Legendary lesions: An Analysis of Sharp Force Trauma of the Alleged Skeletal Remains of Saint Erik Anna, Osteoarchaeologic Research Laboratory, University, SE- 106 91 Sten S, of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University Gotland, SE-621 67 Visby;Kjellström, C, The National Archives, SE-102 29 Stockholm Hongslo Vala C., Geriatric Medicine,Stockholm; InstituteDepartment of Medicine, Sahlgrenska SE-431 80 CampusM, County of Lové n SE-532 23 Skara; H. Stockholm; of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, SE- 752 36 Uppsala; Jakobsson M. Academy, of EvolutionaryMölndal; Biology,Vretemark Uppsala University,museum SE-752 36 Uppsala;Västergötland, Ljunggren Malmström of Medical Sciences,Department Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala; Shalabi A., Centre for MedicalDepartment Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala; M., ArchaeologicalOÖ . , Department Research Laboratory, University, SE- 106 91 K., ArchaeologicalDepartment Research Laboratory, Imaging, University, SE- 106 91 ErikFjellström Jedvardsson was the King of Sweden during theStockholm -12th century. According to Stockholm; Lidé n Upsalense (AD 1344), Erik attended Stockholm in Uppsala on the 18th of May ADStockholm 1160. Outside the church he and his and were by mid The king was beaten to the groundRegistrum and suffered several blows before being beheaded.mass He was buried in Old Uppsala and, although not canonized by the holymen chair,met Erik was outnumberedregarded as a Saintenemies. by the church in Sweden the end of the 12th century. In AD 1257 his were and placed in a reliquary. Sixteen years later theyformally were to present day Uppsala Cathedral. During spring 2014 the putative from of the King were analyzed. The objective of the jointremains research projectexhumed was to try to verify the identity of the individual and to gathermoved biological data a 12th century individual of high socio- remains status (anthropological analysis, DNA and stable isotopes, CT-scan, DXA and PqCT The reliquary has been opened on several occasionsfrom since the 13th century and today contains economiconly 24 bone During the current investigation both examination). and were identified, of which have not been previously the woundselements. seven or eight were sharp force and one was a punctureantemortem wound. Theperimortem oftrauma the lesions were superficial,some but one cervical vertebra exhibits a documented.horizontal bladeAmong wound whichperimortem has cut through the vertebral corpus. The detailedtrauma investigation that themajority individual in the shrine suffered a violent attack in accordance with the description in the legend. Several surface alterations to the bones betaphonomic related to the practice of excarnation.confirms Here we present of the osteoforensic results. postmortem may some preliminary

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Möller-Barlow disease in archaeology: Preliminary study of biochemical detection University of Bern, Institute of Forensic Medicine, of Physical Anthropology, Sulgenauweg 40, 3007 Bern, Switzerland; Trancik, Viera University of Bern, Institute of ForensicKramis, Simon, Medicine, of Physical Anthropology, SulgenauwegDepartment 40, 3007 Bern, Switzerland; Cooper, Christine, Office of Culture/Archaeology, Messinastrasse 5, 9495 Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein; Department Sandra, University of Bern, Institute of Forensic Medicine, of Physical Anthropology, Sulgenauweg 40, 3007 Bern, Switzerland bone is Lösch,the direct source for reconstructing health and living conditionsDepartment of ancient populations. However, diseases undetected in palaeopathology. Möller-Barlow disease (infantileHuman scurvy) ismost a historically well- disease and have been in clinical and sub-clinicalmany severity. Due toremain a long span before the onset of and the subtle nature of bone changes osteological evidencedocumented is relativelymetabolic rare (Brickley &must Ives 2008). Möllercommon-Barlow disease is caused by deficiency of dietary time C (ascorbic acid) and evokessymptoms like fatigue, delayed wound healing and pain. C is a cofactor for the hydroxylation of the acids proline andvitamin lysine which are essential for the symptomsproduction of intact connectivehaemorrhage, tissueinflammations, by cross-linking the propeptides in collagen. InVitamin a study we tested the detectability of Mölleramino-Barlow disease by analysis of relative quantitative variability of hydroxylated acids in collagen (Pendery & Koon 2013). (N=9) werepreliminary taken with (n=3, tibia) and without (n=4, tibia) bone reactions indicative of Möller- Barlowamino disease, as well as with lethalSamples (n=2; negative controls).from children The skeletal cranium, originatedfemur, two early cranium, femur, Switzerland. Gas (GC) analysis revealed differencesfrom adults between the traumata Children with no pathologic alterations had remains the valuesfrom as the negativemedieval controlscemeteries while childrenfrom with bone reactionschromatographic paradoxically exhibited slightly higherminor values of hydroxyprolinesamples. and hydroxylysine. Future research for almost same size and has to discuss strategies. Beside possible of Möller- Barlow disease it is arguable if only the newly bone should be analysed even thoughdemands this could leadlarger to sample related to sampling quantity. It also to be seenmisdiagnosis to which extent varying turnover rates of different skeletal especiallyformed in children, be taken into account. References:problems St. R. Pendery, H.E.C.small Koon,sample onremains European colonisation in northeastern North In: P.E. Pope (Ed.), Exploringelements, Atlantic Transitions (Woodbridgemust 2013). M. Brickley, R. Ives, The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone DiseaseScurvy's (Oxford impact 2008). America. The earliest case of probable hip joint osteoarthritis in MLD 46 (Australopithecus africanus) Landis, Sabine, Institute for Evolutionary Medicine, University of Switzerland, Schweiz & Anthropological Institute and University of Switzerland; Boeni, Institute for Evolutionary Medicine, University of Switzerland & OrthopedicZü r i c h , University Clinic Balgrist, Switzerland; Frank InstituteMuseum, for Evolutionary Medicine,Zü r i c h , University of Thomas Switzerland; Haeusler, Martin Institute for Evolutionary Medicine,Zü r i c h , University of Switzerland MLD 46 Rü Makapansgat, h l i , South Africa, is a partial AustralopithecusZü rafricanus i c h , dated to 2.6 years ago. It provides the only case of a Zü r i- c hlike , osteophytosis at the head to neck junctionfrom in early The head itselfproximal is slightly oval and there is no flatteningfemur of the weightmillion-bearing section of the head. Several cavitiesmushroom filled with calcite crystals closefemoral to the surface of head likely representhominids. subchondralfemoral cysts. The differential diagnosis for alterations of the hip joint is very broad. Here, we therefore small MLD 46 to a bone pathology reference series, the autopsy-based Galler collection. We find that hip dysplasia, Perthessimilar disease, slipped capital epiphysis and infections lead tocompare a modern with flatteninghuman and destruction of the head, which is unlike to MLD 46. Although osteoarthritis typically also leads to femoral marked deformity 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 femoral primary

of the head, nearly 40% of the affected in the Galler collection retained a well-shaped head that MLD 46. Secondary osteoarthritis caused by coxa vara, deformation protrusion of the femora or arthritis cannot be excluded, however. Exceptresembles for and rare aetiologies of protrusionfemoroacetabular of the theseimpingement disorderssyndrome, affect individuals of an advancedacetabulum, age. Moreover,rheumatoid MLD 46 had to live with the pathology for several years untilimpingement this syndrome osteophytosis somewas established. The individual age of MLDacetabulum, 46 is therefore probably one of the oldest of any Australopithecus discovered so far. As the pathology is potentially associated withmarked a of it raises interesting questions regarding behaviour, social structure and life history in early limitation mobility, Syphilis in life and death: different clinicalhominids. and paleopathological diagnoses in the same individuals Lopes, ; Ana Santos, CIAS, of Life Sciences, University of Portugal; Mary Lucas Powell theCé lia15th cent.Luı́sa AD to the 1950s,Department syphilis was a health concern in Europe. InCoimbra, Portugal,Coimbra, the fear caused by this disease is evident in the clinical literature. However, paleopathological research has identified onlyFrom 9 individuals with a possible/probable diagnosis of syphilis. This discrepancy between historical sources and skeletal evidence is a well-known pitfall of paleopathology. The of this study is to evaluate bone lesions and records of identified individuals who were diagnosed with syphilis. The analysis of 1647 individuals (505 Identified, 1142 skulls/Internationalaim Exchange Collection) revealed that 13medical (0.8%) died of syphilis. When the search was extended to the University Hospital archives (coveringskeletons/Coimbra deaths 1904-1937), 43 patients were added. The 56 individuals (18 sk., 38 skulls; 39 17 age=42.75, range=21-84 years), Coimbrawere observed. more Following the diagnostic criteriamales, (Hackett 1976,females; Ortnermean 2003, Steinbock 1976, Wallace 1919) none of the individualsmacroscopically would have been diagnosed with syphilis. Only 15 of presented non-specific lesions, e.g. periosteal reaction; porosity in the skull; possible others. According to 4 individuals were in the stage, 6 in the secondarythem and 4 in the tertiary. The between a patient’s first hospital and deathgumma, variedamong 3 days-38 years medical y.). informationLogistic regression showed a high statisticalprimary significance (X 2 w =7,508;p=0,006) between the durationtime of the disease and the lesions’ occurrence.admission The causefrom of death was ‘cardiovascular’(mean=9.11 (n= 7), possibly a consequence of the disease diagnosed. This study the conservative clinical of bone in syphilis. mostcommon References: Hackett CJ. 1976. Diagnosticmain criteria of syphilis, yaws andconfirms treponarid and estimationsother diseasesinvolvement in dry bones. Heidelberg; Springer-Verlag. Ortner DJ. 2003. Identification of pathological conditions in skeletal San Diego; Press. Steinbock(treponematoses) R. 1976. Paleopathologicalsome diagnosis and interpretation: bone diseases in ancient populations. Springfield; Charles C. human cop. Wallaceremains. JO. 1919. DiagnosisAcademic of syphilis of bones and joints. J Bone Joint Surg 1: 258-293. human Thomas, Probable Am;prostate cancer in a Pre-Incaic individual from Pukara De La Cueva, Northwestern Argentina Luna, Leandro, CONICET ; Claudia Aranda, Ethnographic J. B. University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Ana Luisa Santos, of Life Sciences and CIAS, University of Portugal Museum Ambrosetti, Prostate is a Department neoplasia that to bone inCoimbra, Nonetheless, the of paleopathological cases reported is very and only two South carcinoma common malignant mostly metastasizes males. 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 number small from

individuals, of being identified in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to the lesions identified in a new Pre- (around 1400 AD) individual that corresponds toAmerican a -aged almost Pukarathem de la Cueva, Jujuy province, in the Northwest region of Argentina. The skeletondocument was found disarticulated but it is nearlyColumbian and well preserved. The overall character of the middlelesions observedmale isfrom proliferative in nature, but osteolytic and patterns were also detected in both axial and appendicular skeleton.complete Macroscopically, this overall pattern and the distribution of the lesionspredominantly are with a secondary cancer. Radiological mixed showed dense areas with sclerotic borders in several bones, which the previous diagnosis of prostate The exuberancecompatible and of the lesions all over theexamination skeleton led infer individualmultiple cachexy that he would have been assisted by his confirm social group during the chroniccarcinoma. process. Carcinogenic risk factorsdissemination are also discussed in order to ascertain the possible causes of the disease. This implyinganalysis adds a new evidence of a Pre- family and/or in a South native population and enhances the possibilities of an adequate differential diagnosis. Columbian carcinoma American Dissection Material From a 1800s Hospital Cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark Lynnerup, Niels, Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Flies, Mitchell Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, At an excavation in Copenhagen, 299 skeletons were recovered Denmark; a whichJames, was in use during 1842-1858 AD. The was used by Denmarkthe Copenhagen poverty hospital. It is known sources Denmark,that patients who died in the hospital, orfrom corpsestemporary brought tocemetery, the hospital, were used for dissection and teachingcemetery of surgical procedures. We here present the osteological lesions andfrom discuss historical the probable procedures. We found sawn bone in 54 of the individuals. We found that of the procedures could be divided into three general categories: 1) dissection; 2) surgical procedures; and 3) study elementsDissection procedures are most by calvarial opening (N=18) and sternal through- cuts (N=4); surgical procedures by trepanations (N=2) and the makingsawing anatomicalover of both upperspecimens. and lower bones (N=111 total); and the exemplified of by incisionsmidline and through-cuts (N=8) and longitudinal splitting of long bones (N=5). Other bones as vertebrae, clavicles andlimb ribs are also present in the making Noanatomical healing wasspecimens found in anymandibular of the bone lesions. It was not possible in every case to ascertain the nature or of a given procedure, nor if, e.g., an was in vivo (albeit no healing),material. or due to practicing techniques on cadavers. We our to a like aim London, described by Fowler & Powersamputation (2006), and noteperformed certain not least in of osteological evidenceamputation of dissection. compare material materialReferences:from Fowler L, Powers N. 2006. Doctors, Dissection and Resurrection Mensimilarities, – Excavations in the terms19th-century burial ground of London Hospital. London: MOLA Monograph.

World Mummies Map – a WebGIS platform spotting worldwide discoveries of mummified human remains Frank Maixner, Institute for and the EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Sebastian Geidel, Institute for Applied Sensing, EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Daniela Institute for and theMummies EURACIceman, research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Magdalena Haller, Institute for and theRemote EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Alice Paladin, Tumler,Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Niall Institute for andMummies the EURACIceman, research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Marc Zebisch, Institute for Applied Mummies Sensing, EURACIceman, research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Albert Zink, InstituteO´Sullivan, for and the Mummies EURAC research,Iceman, 39100 Bolzano, Italy Remote can be found all over the world dating as far back as toMummies Early Neolithic. Iceman, 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 Mummified human remains

There exist scientific studies on and often these precious cultural heritages are the lodestones in public With the existing literature, however, one can only hardly assess the vast diversity of numerous present in different mummiesparts of the world. The so far only existing overview on museums. findings displays the book “The scientific study of of Arthur Aufderheide.mummies The unique outlined in this book together with additional datacomprehensive on bog bodies (Van der Sanden,mummy 1996) provided the starting point to build up our WebGISmummies” ” (ht information This WebGIS to visualize all known sites where have been found around the world and providesplatform background “World mummies map tp://webgis.eurac.edu/mummy/). to these findings. All on the platform aims their original finding site, depositmummified site and overallhuman remains is linked to a reference list with the appropriate reference to each information Additionally the featuresinformation a variety of searchmummies themselves, through which the data can be filtered and displayed selectivelyinformation on the The applicable filters are: type, age mummy.classification, dating and country.map In addition it is possiblealgorithms to overlay the finding sites with displaying the and precipitationmap. of the last twenty years.Mummification In our WebGIS “World a unique for advanced researchers but also climate maps researcher to-bemean containingtemperature background on summary, and offeringmummies the map” providesof new findings.platform mummy References: Aufderheide, A.C.important 2003, The scientific studyinformation of human mummified remains University Press). Van dersubmission Sanden, W.A.B. 1996,mummy Through nature to eternity – the bog bodies of northwest Europe, Lion International). mummies, Cambridge (Cambridge

TheAmsterdam 7th century (Batavian Alemannic gravesite of Niederstotzingen in southern Germany – Molecular relationship analysis of the human skeletal remains and screening for pathogens. Frank Maixner, Institute for and the EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Niall Institute for and the EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Verena Eberhard-KarlsMummies- Iceman, Urgeschichte und Naturwissenschaftliche O´Sullivan, Abt. Mummies Iceman, 23, 72070 Mi-Ra Institute for Schuenemann, and the EURACUniversität research,Tübingen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Valentina Coia, Institute for Archäologie,and the EURACPaläogenetik, research,Rümelinstrasse 39100 Bolzano, Italy; GiovannaTübingen, Cipollini,Germany; Institute forKim, and the Mummies EURAC research,Iceman, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Johannes Krause, Eberhard-Karls- Mummies UrgeschichteIceman, und Naturwissenschaftliche Abt. Mummies 23, 72070 Iceman, Wahl, Stuttgart, Universität Tübingen, Arbeitsstelle Konstanz, Osteologie, 78467 Konstanz,Archäologie, Paläogenetik, Albert ZinkRümelinstrasse Institute for and Tübingen,the Germany; EURAC research,Joachim 39100 RegierungspräsidiumBolzano, Italy Landesamt f ü r Denkmalpflege, The burial place Niederstotzingen in Germany;Baden- is one of the Mummies earlyIceman, graveyards in southwestern a site well known as “Separatgrablege“. In the early 7th centuryAlemannic (ca. 600-630 AD)from high-ranking persons and theirWürttemberg followers were buried heremost togetherimportant with weaponsmedieval and precious grave goods. The burialsGermany, of fourteen individuals and three horses were first discovered in 1962 and have been subject to periodic analysis. In our own previous work, the age and sex of the individuals was by anthropological and PCR based analysis. our first analysis indicated relationship between individuals and two individuals were tested positivedetermined for tuberculosis. The of this study was to furtherFurthermore analyze the molecular relationship of thematernal individualsfamilial and screen for pathogens bysome using next generation sequencing technologies. This was done by extracting DNA teethaim of all individuals and enriching the endogenousmolecular DNA and the possibly present pathogenic DNA. Thereby we focused on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Yersinia pestis. Thefrom enriched DNA was then sequenced on an The reads were further subjected to a detailed haplogroup and Illumina 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 platform. mitochondrial assignment

relationship analysis. Both, the results of the analysis and the data of the pathogen screening were to the previous PCR based results. In our results provide firstmaternal insights into the kinship of this high ranking mitochondrial group and the presence or absence of infectious diseases in this comparedearly 7th century graveyard. summary, Alemannic Microcephaly as observed in the late 19th century cemetery of the Meerenberg psychiatric hospital –diagnostic issues and the value of population specific data Mank, Elise, and Physiology, Medical Center, University of The Netherlands; van der Merwe, A.E. and Physiology, Medical Center,Anatomy, UniversityEmbryology of Academic The Netherlands; de Boer, H.H. Amsterdam, of Pathology,Amsterdam, Medica Centre, University of Anatomy, Embryology Oostra, R.J.: Academic of and Physiology,Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Medical Centre, University of Department Versluis, J.M.Academic of Amsterdam, and Physiology,Amsterdam; Medical Centre,Department University ofAnatomy, Embryology Academic Amsterdam, Amsterdam; MicrocephalyDepartment is a Anatomy, Embryology characterized by the Academicpresence of an Amsterdam, Most authorsAmsterdam define as an occipitofrontal head (OFC) two or standard deviationsdevelopmental below the abnormality of an age and sex population. The accurateabnormally identificationsmall ofcranium. microcephalyis when in a palaeopathologicalcircumference context. Thismore poster to identify and discussmean individuals possiblymatched presenting with in the Meerenbergsymptomatic (MeB)microcephaly skeletal collectionproblematic while focusingperformed on the value of population- and sex specificaims data. The OFC, g-op, eu-eu, ba-b and po-b of 54 crania the MeBmicrocephaly were Intracranial capacity (ICC) was using described contemporaryby Lee-Pearson (1901). Descriptive analyses were for the OFC and ICC of all crania, bothfrom for the populationssample as a wholemeasured. as well as separated by sex. Based on theseestimated results, individualsformulae possibly presenting with could be identified. T-testsperformed were to identify significant difference between the sexes and all results were to several other population groups. Male individuals in the MeBmicrocephaly had significantly larger crania = performed s.d. 13.75) when to s.d. 19.57). Based on thecompared characteristics of the MeB three adult were sampleidentified as possibly presenting with(mean 530mm, Isolated cases of possiblecompared females (mean=510mm, can only be accurately identified when craniometric are to sex- and agesample,-specific, geographicallyfemales related, soft tissue corrected clinical data. microcephaly. microcephaly References:measurements A.Lee & K. Pearsoncompared (1901). Data for the of evolution in IV A first study of the correlation of the skull. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 196-A278:225-264. problem man. Tuberculoid leprosy:human a forgotten clinical entity in paleopathology Matos, Vitor, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health – University of Portugal; Ana Santos, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health – University of Portugal & of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal Luı́sa The existent paleopathological diagnostic criteria of leprosy only allowCoimbra, the identification ofDepartment one type of patients, ones. Thus, additional investigation Coimbra,is necessary to test if the distinction between (LL) and tuberculoid (TL) leprosy in past skeletons is viable. This research to namelycontributelepromatous to this debate by correlating both clinical and paleopathological data. Two were analyzed:lepromatous a) 300 clinical files, 150 each leprosy type –human (LL) and tuberculoid (TL) –aimed and 150 each sex, belonging to the archives of the Hospital- Rovisco Paissamples (HCRP), Tocha, Portugal, representing patients agedfrom between 4-93 years oldlepromatous and screened between 1947-1985; b) 191 skeletons,from 148 adults and 43 non adults,medical both sexes, Colónia of the St. Jørgen’s (13th-16th/17th centuries) at Odense, Osseous lesions were from exhumed from the cemetery 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 medieval leprosarium Denmark.

present in 13.0% (39/300) of the HCRP leprosy patients, in those diagnosed with TL (84.6% [33/39]). Moreover, the risk of developing bone changes in TL was 6,8 higher (OR=6.77; IC95%=2.60- 18.67) than in LL. Ten skeletons the Odensemainly presenting acro-osteolysis or diaphyseal destructive of hand and/or feet bones, in the absencetimes of changes, are discussed as possible cases of TL. The from between samplelesions distribution patterns, in the region remodelingand in the hand and foot bones, in both rhinomaxillary the viability of distinguishing LL TL in skeletonscomparison and unveils the potential of archives to palaeopathologicalrhinomaxillary studies. samples demonstrated from human medical An assessment of metabolic bone disease in a historic Chinese miner skeletal sample from the Witwatersrand, South Africa (AD 1904 – AD 1910). Meyer, Anja, of School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa. In this study Departmentthe skeletal Anatomy, of 36 Chinese indentured labourers, who worked and died on the Witwatersrand in South Africa, during the period AD 1904-1910, were assessed for any signs of or nutritionallyremains related signs of disease. mine Historical mines suggests that these indentured Chinese labourers poverty stricken metabolic in China where disease and were often encountered. Once in South Africa they were informationagain subjected to the harsh living and working conditions associatedcame from with In order to aidcommunities in the interpretation of skeletal pathologymalnutrition associated with and nutritional diseases, non- specific signs of disease observed in a cadaver skeletal (n=100) with known causesmining. of death (related to specific or nutritional diseases) were metabolic to pathology observed in the Chinese Pathology that could be observed includedsample a high prevalence of nutrition-related changes and linear metabolic hypoplasia which suggests that comparedthe Chinese had been subjected to long periodsminers. of and illness throughout childhood continuing into adulthood. Nevertheless, a large proportion ofenamel lesions associated with showed miners degree of healing. A high frequency of malnutrition lesions, specifically peri- fractures, was observed and have contributed to the death of of the Chinesemalnutrition It thereforesome that even though the healing of pathologicaltraumatic lesions associated with mortem indicated a period of nutritionalmay intake, possibly during their onmany the Witwatersrandminers. the high prevalenceseems of peri- fractures attests to the hazardous working conditionsmalnutrition associated with deep-level improved time mines, mortem Postcranial Fracture Patterns in a Large Skeletal Sample from Earlymining. Medieval Mannheim, Germany. Meyer, Christian, und Sachsen-Anhalt, Halle, Uwe Maus, ; Kurt W. Alt As part of the Landesamt f ü r Denkmalpflege Archäologie analysis of the large Merovingian Germany; of - fractures of the postcranial skeleton were recorded. Previous studies of this (N=907)comprehensive targeted cranialpalaeoepidemiological injuries, which revealed a highly sex-specific distributioncemetery of sharp force lesions,Mannheim correlatedSeckenheim, with young adult age and high social status. Although displayed bluntsample force injuries, cranial wounds were found in the To the dataset regarding skeletal the patterns of long bonefemales fractures are putsome intominor focus here, and are analysedmost according to sex, age, body side and affectedmale subsample. location,complement utilising a epidemiologicaldedicated osteological recording (cftrauma, Meyer/Alt 2012). Besides few cases of obvious interpersonal violence, the postcranial skeleton to reflect the anatomical effects of accidents, falls and other of rural early Medievalsystem life. All types of long bones bear evidence of fracture in this but one location clearly standsseems out: the distalmainly radius. Whiletraumatic fractures of the -distal ulna are mishaps 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 sample, mid

often interpreted as parry fractures, those of the distal radius are seen as results of accidental falls. To further characterise the bioarchaeological background of this pattern, a DXA-pilot study was carried out, assessing the bone density of the neckcommonly in three subgroups, the individuals with distal radius fractures. The results show that affected individuals, especially the have lower density values,mineral further corroboratingfemoral the that postcranialamong fracturesthem in this are due to every-day accidents,preliminary and, in contrast to the cranial lesions, not a resultwomen, of interpersonal violence. assumption References:sample Meyermostly C , Alt KW (2012) Die Steinkistengräbermarked - Bioarchäologische Charakterisierung Skelettfunde eines Gräberfeldes. In: Krohn N, Koch U (Eds.)vom GrossoHermsheimer Modo. Forsch. Bösfeld, SpätantikeMannheim u. MittelalterSeckenheim: 1. Weinstadt, 165-179. der menschlichen frühmittelalterlichen Selective mortality in Medieval to Early Modern Denmark illustrated using skeletal trauma. Milner, George R, Penn State University, USA; Boldsen, Jesper L, University of Southern

Accounting for the selective effects of as individuals are likely to die than others, is essentialDenmark, whenDenmark reconstructing the risks of suffering any pathological condition in past populations represented by skeletal That mortality,is illustratedsome using bone fractures,more which are relatively clear in skeletons, as an indicator of heterogeneity in the risk of dying. Of course, observable skeletal conditions are only part of all such remains.heterogeneity, of which unrecognized in living people and, of course, skeletal The healed skeletal in this study are adults in three to early Danish sites: muchSt Mikkel and Tirupremains in Jutland, and Sortebrødre on Fyn. For both sexes, is dividedsamples. into two categories reflectingtrauma examined their likely origin, accidentalfrom and intentional medieval(interpersonal), andmodern the are separated by sex. For with healed cranial vault it is possibletrauma to the relative risk of dying, which is higher than it is for lacking such injuries. samples men trauma, The potentialestimate of novel lipid biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosismen in the Pleistocene David E Minnikin, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of UK; Oona Y-C Lee, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of UK; Houdini HT Wu, Institute of Microbiology and Infection,Birmingham, SchoolBirmingham, of Biosciences, University of UK; Apoorva Bhatt, Institute of Microbiology and Infection,Birmingham, School of Biosciences,Birmingham, University of UK; Gurdyal S. Besra, Institute of Microbiology and Infection,Birmingham, School of Biosciences,Birmingham, University of UK; Bruce Rothschild. Biodiversity Institute and Birmingham, ofBirmingham, Anthropology and Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Richard Laub, Buffalo Birmingham, of Science, Buffalo,Birmingham, NY 14211, USA; Helen Donoghue, Centres for Clinical MicrobiologyDepartments and the History of Medicine, University College London, London, UK. Museum A feasible working hypothesis for the evolution of tuberculosis involves a an such as Mycobacterium kansasii, via atypical tubercle bacilli, labeled “Mycobacterium canettii”, through to the plethora of transformationand strainsfrom currentlyenvironmental collectedorganism, into the “rough” Mycobacterium tuberculosis“smooth” morphology These lineages have after a “bottleneck” around 3 –20ka BP (Supplyanimal et al. 2013human Nature Genetics 45:172). Validation of such modernan evolutionary pathway necessitates gleaningcomplex. modern a range of emerged for tuberculosis, possibly present in archaeological data offer the best power, but it is proving difficult informationto record anythingfrom beyond thebiomarkers oldest proven cases of 9ka (Hershkovitz et al. 2008 PLoSmaterial. ONE 3: e3426) and 17ka tuberculosisGenomic (Lee et al. 2012discriminatory PLoS ONE 7:e41923). The use of specific lipid is an alternative human animal 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 biomarkers

approach, which enable even older cases of tuberculosis to be indicated. The lipid involved are long-chain principally and acids, but other may such as of the phthiocerol and phenolphthiocerolbiomarkers are showing great potential. compounds,The use of an expanded mycolic,portfoliomycolipenic of lipid mycocerosic will be by discriminatorystudies of components, (Hiscock Site, NY)members and bison (Natural Trap Cave Idaho; Northfamilies, Sea; Kent’s Cavern, UK). biomarkers exemplified mastodons Wyoming; Human Intestinal Parasites from a Mamluk Period Cesspool in the Christian Quarter of Jerusalem: Evidence for Long Distance Travel in the 15th Century AD Mitchell, Piers D, Division of Biological Anthropology, University of ; Hui- Yuan Yeh, Division of Biological Anthropology, University of ; Kay Prag, Manchester University of Manchester ; Christa Biblique de Cambridge ; J.-B Biblique de Cambridge Museum, Here we present the parasite analysisClamer, of theEÉcole contents of a 15thJérusalem century cesspoolHumbert, excavatedEÉcole in the ChristianJérusalem Quarter of Twelve coprolites (preserved stool) were identified the cesspool during sieving. They were prepared with disaggregation and sieving prior to digital light Jerusalem. and also ELISA analysis for dysentery.human The results showed that all twelvefrom coprolitesmatrix contained the eggs of intestinal parasitic Every coprolite containedmicro the eggs of microscopy,(Trichuris trichiura) and (Ascaris lumbricoides). These are spread by faecal of food. However, coprolites alsoworms. contained the eggs of beef or pork (whipwormTaenia saginata/solium) and roundworm (Diphyllobothrium sp.). These are spread by the ofcontamination salted, raw or undercookedsome beef, pork and fish respectively. One was positive fortapeworm Schistosoma haematobium (bilharzia). Twofishtapeworm were positive for dysentery, one for Giardiaduodenalisconsumption and one forsmoked, Entamoeba histolytica. One key finding of this research is the evidence for long distance travel with orsamples trade, suggested by the presence of these For has previously been found in populations along the river Nile in Egypt and the Euphratescompatible river inpilgrimage Iraq, but never in the region. Fish worms. was example, in northern schistosomiasisEurope during the period, but not found in the Middle East or the Mediterranean world at that except in crusader period latrines.Jerusalem This suggests thattapeworm Christians common northern Europe, and either Iraq ormediaeval Egypt, had travelled to and used the latrine during their stay. time from fromEvidence of trepanation in Late Iron AgeJerusalem Switzerland (420–240BC) Negahnaz, of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Mailler-Burch, of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine,Moghaddam, University of Bern,Department Switzerland; Levent Kara, of Forensic Medicine and Institute of Forensic Medicine,Simone University ofDepartment Bern, Switzerland; Christian Jackowski, of Forensic Medicine and Institute of Forensic Medicine,Department University of Bern, Switzerland;Imaging, Sandra of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, UniversityDepartment of Bern, Switzerland Imaging, InLösch, EuropeDepartment the procedure of trepanation is known since the Neolithic and is still practiced today in East African native tribes. Trepanation is the oldest known surgical intervention and is defined as the intentional penetration of the cranial vault with of piece of a skull bone. Therefore, it is believed that neurosurgery is one of the world’s oldest professions. In this study two skulls with lesions the Late Iron Age of (420–240BC),removal Switzerland, are presented. of the study was to analyse the lesions and to assess whether they were caused by surgical interventions. Sex and agefrom of the individuals werecemetery Münsingen by current -anthropological RadiologicalAim were with a CT-scanner. Different trepanation and signs of determined morphologic methods. 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 examinations performed multislice methods

healing are discussed. In Switzerland about33 skulls with possible trepanations dating Neolithic to are known and are presented in a short review. Studies of ancient surgical interventions provide of pre- and early historic populations. Trepanations of thefrom skull such as themedieval presentedtimes cases prove a profound understanding of the body in ancient important information Ordered to Die – A Mass Grave from the Battle of Lützenhuman (1632) times. Nicklisch, Nicole, State Office for Heritage and Archaeology Saxony- Anhalt –State of Prehistory, Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Frank Institute of Legal Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421Management (Saar), Kurt W. Alt, State OfficeMuseum for Heritage and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt –StateGermany; of Prehistory,Ramsthaler, Richard-Wagner- Str. 9, D- 06114 Halle & DanubeHomburg Private University,Germany; Steiner Landstrasse 124, A- 3500 -Stein,Management Austria; Harald Meller, State Office for Heritage Museum and Archaeology Saxony- Anhalt –State (Saale),of Prehistory, Germany Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, D- 06114 Halle (Saale), ; Susanne Friederich,Krems State Office for Heritage and ArchaeologyManagement Saxony-Anhalt –State of Prehistory, RichardMuseum- Wagner-Str. 9, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany, The Battle of (16. 1632Management greg) was one of the greatest and bloodiest Museum of the Thirty Years War. Here, the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf wasGermany wounded and with about 6.000-9.000 soldiersLützen lost Novembertheir lives. While the king‘s body was recovered the battlefieldcombats and honorably buried in his Swedish the dead soldiersmortally were less well treated: the deadhim bodies were plundered and – in a highly functional – hastily buried in from graves. In 2011 one of these homeland, graves was detected at the edge of the town of in Saxony- Anhalt, The grave was recoveredmanner en bloc and the skeletonsnumerous were analyzedmass in situ under summercontrolled conditions, mass by such as small techniques (XL ü- tray, z e n CT, DVT), histologyGermany. and isotopic massanalyses (C/N, Sr/O). The grave included the skeletal of 47 ranging about 15 to 45 yearsaccompanied age at death.methods medical injuriesimaging have been found, are a high of cranial gunshot wounds (ca. 47% of ind.). These help inremains the reconstructionmen, of the coursefrom of the battle and the nature of violenceNumerous in whichperimortem these died on the battlefield. amongHealedthem injuries, likenumber fractures of the or blunt and sharp force to the provide about previous and differentmen pathological conditions evidence soldiers’ health and suffering.extremities Long lasting deprivations during trauma and poorcranium, hygienic conditions haveinformation left osteological tracesmedical as well, andtreatment tell us aboutmany the adverse living conditions of the wartime A case of multiple Wormian bones in a combination with completely preserved metopictimes. suture in adult skull Nikolova, Silviya, Institute of Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Bulgarian of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria ; Diana Toneva, Institute of Morphology, Pathology and AnthropologyExperimental with Bulgarian of Sciences, 1113,Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria; YordanAcademy Yordanov, Institute of Morphology, Pathology andExperimental Anthropology with Bulgarian of Sciences, 1113,Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria ; NikolaiAcademy Lazarov, of and Histology, Medical University of Sofia,Experimental 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria & Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Museum, of Sciences,Academy 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Department Anatomy The bones are inconstant but of frequent occurrence in healthy individuals and they be Academyfound anywhere in or between the sutures and fontanels. However, bones are of significanceWormian and could be accepted as a possible indicator of when theymay are 10 or in with a normal 6 x 4 and arranged in a Wormiangeneral pattern et al. (1982). Here we reported a case of a skull abnormal probably belongeddevelopment to an adult individualmore withnumber, diameter bones. exceeding The skull ismm, a of the osteological collectionmosaic of the Cremin most female 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 multiple Wormian sample

Institute of Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Bulgarian of Sciences. In the described case the bones are and are placed along the sagittal, andExperimental sutures. They are large in size and with Museum, pattern of Academy in sections. the skullWormian is dolichocranic withnumerous hyperostosis cranii interna, platybasialambdoid andsquamous notch in the posterior mostly of the Themosaic skull also showsarrangement a delayed suturalsome closure andFurthermore, preserved suture in a with moderatefrontal bossing. The frontal sinuses are hypoplasticmargin and foramen magnum. and the air cells are underdeveloped. Thecompletely facial bones are relativelymetopic There arecombination also evidence ofmoderate early loss of the teeth, dental carieses and defects. asymmetricthese features are a consequencemastoid of pathological conditions due to dysplasias with small. bone and an increased bone density such as cleidocranialenamel dysplasiaPresumably, and pyknodysostosis (Wolpowitz and Matisonn, 1974; Castriota-Scanderbeg and Dallapiccola,prominent 2005).membranous involvement References: Castriota- Dallapiccola, B., skeletal phenotypes. Springer- Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. B., H., Spranger, J., Beighton, P., 1982. bones in osteogenesis Scanderbeg,А., and other disorders. Skeletal2005.Abnormal Radiology 8, 35-38. Wolpowitz, A., Matisonn, A., 1974. A studyCremin, of pycnodysostosis,Goodman, cleidocranial dysostosis, osteopetrosisWormian and acro- osteolysis. S Afrimperfecta Med J 48, 1011-1018. comparative Sequelae of a neonatal septic arthritis in a Celtic woman? Novotny, Friederike, of Anthropology, Natural History Vienna; Peter C. of Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA), Europe, Austrian of Sciences; O`Mahoney FacultyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Manchester;Museum, Maria Teschler–NicolaRamsl, Department of Anthropology, Natural History Vienna & Academy of Anthropology, UniversityThomas of Vienna Department of the joints associatedMuseum, with a disproportionalDepartment shortening of the have rarely been observed in ancient populations. Here we present and discuss the severe pathologicalDeformities alterationsglenohumeral ascertained at the skeletal of an end juvenile/young adult humerus recovered at the human Oberndorf (Traisen Valley, Lower Austria; grave no. 44/1). Conspicuous features such as the bilateral, remains shortening of the necroticfemale heads and the destructionsLaté ne cemetery of bothfrom glenoid articular surfaces, structural changes of the left head and at the acetabular fossa, destructiveasymmetrical lesions (cavities and “pitting”)humerus, of the vertebral bodieshumeral as well as signs of a (probably active) characterizes this individual. Thefemoral observed at the postcranial in particular the disproportional short and the of the headsmeningeal to representinflammation the late sequelae of a (neonatal/juvenile)symptoms septic arthritis1. As alterationsremains, and also be caused by tuberculosishumerus2, deformations humeral seem congenital dysplasia3 or even a our contribution is dealing with differential diagnostic aspects of these pathologiessimilar in historical skeletaldeformities may using different techniques and 3D-reconstruction.osteomyelitis, However, the consequences of thesetrauma, necrotic destructions have had potentially life- threatening such as a devastatingremains condition and functional References: 1 Bos T. et al., 1998: Latemultiple sequelae of neonatal septic arthritismust of the shoulder. J. Bone and JointSurgery,implications, Vol. 80B/4:645-650. 2 Portele, K.A., 1990: Mitteilungen deslimitation. Pathologisch- in Wien. 3 Slon, V. et al., 2013: A Case of the Byzantine City Rehovot-in- the-Negev, Israel, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 23: 573-589. anatomischen Bundesmuseums Dwarfism from

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Case of myositis ossificans progresiva on 19th century adult male skeleton from Adelaide, Australia. Nowakowski, Dariusz, D of University of and Life Poland; Trenna Albrecht, School of and Medical Sciences, University of Sout Australia, Adelaide,epartment Australia; DeniseAnthropology, Ogilvie, School Wrocław of and MedicalEnvironmental Sciences, University ofSciences, Sout Australia, Wrocław, Adelaide, Australia; Maciej HennebergPharmacy School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide; Adelaide, Australia Pharmacy This case concerns the pathology of an adult who died in the 19th century (around 1885) in Adelaide (South Australia). The case is curated in the School of Medical Sciences of the University of Adelaide and was deposited here by the first maleprofessor of in the city Archibald Wadston. The surviving post-cranial skeleton was analyzed using a evaluation, radiological and histological Myositis ossificans two anatomy characterized by heterotopic ossification (calcification) of One of is morphologicalossificans progressive (also referred to as fibrodysplasiamethods. ossificans progressiva. FOP)comprises is an inheritedsyndromes affliction, of pattern, in which the ossification can occurmuscle. without injury,them and myositis typically grows in a predictable pattern. As we know oral tradition, probably in the of the this disease hasautosomal not occurred,dominant so even though this disorder can be passed to offspring by people affected by FOP, is also classified as nonhereditary, as itfrom is often the attributed to a spontaneous geneticfamily man Ossification affects and tendons including the chest, pelvis, and the pathology is also evident ankylosing spondylitis of the vertebrae,mutation. ossification (fusion) of large numerousjoints, and musclesosteoporosis. On an X-ray, ossifications are visible as denserextremities. opacitiesAmong with sharpcomorbid borders but also hazy densities of different shapes. The lumbar skeleton for histological tissue organization show a typical cortical bone and osteons. There were no lesions typical of the neoplastic process. However, thecollected differential samples diagnosisfrom the include and pathologies. Visible changes substantiallywith Haversian prevented systems of the person; it is very likely that the entire process was the cause of death. must many tumoral nontumoral References: 1.Kransdorf M J,J M MeisandJmovement S Jelinek. 1991. Myositis ossificans: MR appearance with radiologic Journal of Roentgenology. 1991;157: 1243-1248. 2.Marcove RC, Arlen M 1992. Myositis ossificans [in:] Atlas of bone pathology.Lippincott Philadelphia, pp. 269-284. 3.Person V.American of bone[in:]A Colour Atlas of Bone Disease.Wolfe Publishing Ltd, London. pp 60-82. 4.Whyte MP, Wenkert D, JL, DiCarlo EF, WestenbergCompany, E, 2012Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva:1989.Tumours Middle-Age Onset of Heterotopic a Unique Missense Mutation (c.974G>C, p.G325A) in ACVR1 JournalDemertzis of Boneand Mineral Research, Vol.Mumm 27, No. S. 3, March 2012, pp 729-737. OssificationFrom

Genetic analysis of the Iceman´s coat fur: are there indications of ancient human blood traces? Niall, Institute for and the EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy & School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Frank Maixner Institute for O´Sullivan, and the EURACMummies research, 39100Iceman, Bolzano, Italy; Matthew Teasdale, Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Daniel Bradley, Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin,Mummies Ireland; AlbertIceman, Zink, Institute for and the EURAC research, 39100Smurfit Bolzano, Italy Smurfit The Tyrolean or has been theMummies subject of constantIceman, analysis since his discovery over twenty years ago. However, it was not until ten years after his discovery that an arrow head was detected in hisIceman left shoulder.OÖ t zi The injury has led to a fast, deadly shock recent of the almostclothing and using a forensic light source and test strips, possible blood traces have been detectedhemorrhagic on his coat. The in theof this Iceman. study In was a examination20th EuropeanIceman’s Meeting of the Paleopathologyequipment Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 biochemical aim 38

to the origin of the blood traces using next generation sequencing technologies. This was done by extracting DNA fur at parts of the coat. The extracted DNA was shotgun sequenced on an determine Miseq The sequenced DNA was aligned to reference of and bacterial DNA. Over 20%from of the sequences (~200,000) unique reads within the FurtherIllumina analysisplatform. that the genetic was a genomes individualhuman, and showedanimal patterns specific for ancient DNA. In contrast, shotgun sequencesmatched of fur that had no bloodstainshuman genome. contained less thandemonstrated 1% DNA. This indicatesmaterial that the bloodspotfrom male originated a damage individual and that his DNA was well preserved on the coat. Further analysis will be subjected to detect other bloodhuman residues supporting the DNA based results. Finally, a from human analysis of the sequencing results will probably allow to whether the blood fro the e.g. thebiochemical bleeding arrow wound, or another, yet unknown, person. comparative determine comes m Iceman, Paleopathologicalfrom study of humanfrom remains from prehistoric Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy Paladin, Alice, Institute for and the EURAC-research, Bolzano, Italy; Frank Maixner, Institute for and the EURAC-research, Bolzano, Italy; Albert Zink, Institute for and the EURACMummies-research, Bolzano,Iceman, Italy Our knowledgeMummies of the living andIceman, health conditions of prehistoric populations in the Southern Alpine Mummiesregion is very Iceman, Therefore, we a study of an anthropological collection , housed at the Science of Trento, that 138 individuals, dating the Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, until the Middlelimited. Age. performed The skeletonsMuseum variouscomprise archaeological sites located in thefrom Adige Valley of Trentino-Alto Adige. Out of the 138 skeletons, a of 108 individuals, dating to prehistory, were selected for a detailed anthropologicalcome and frompaleopathological analysis. The age at death and sex revealed 14 28 and 66 individualsnumber of unknown sex (64% sub-adults and 36% adults). The paleopathological analysis showed dental diseases, such as caries, intra determination loss and periodontitis; degenerativemales, females diseases of the vertebral and evidence of enthesopathies. Moreover, we observed stress and nutritional deficiencies (hyperostosisvitam porotica, linear hypoplasia, and rickets), non-specific infectionscolumn (Periostitis)some and two possible cases of tuberculosis. A analysis of the paleopathologicalmarkers evidences in the skeletal the different sites indicated a shift in oral pathologies and an increase of stress and nutritional deficiencies thecomparative Mesolithic and Neolithic to the Copper and Bronze Age. These changesmaterial couldfrom be due to differences in subsistence strategies and lifestyle during the transition markers hunter-gatherers to agriculturists.from However, further studies are required to substantiate these findings. Taken together, this work provides new insights into the living and health conditions of the prehistoricfrom population of Trentino Alto-Adige.

Living conditions in early medieval Dorestad Panhuysen, , ACASA- of Archaeology, University of The Netherlands The early Dorestad was an European centre of exchange in the eighth and early ninth century.Raphaël It is Department in several written sources and playsAmsterdam, a pivotal role in the exchange of goods, peoplemedieval and ideasemporium Scandinavia, theimportant British Isles and the Carolingian Historical sources indicate that Dorestadmentioned ceased to exist around the of the ninth century due to a series of Viking raids. Largeamong scale excavations in the present day town of Wijk bij DuurstedeEmpire. have brought to light harboralmost facilities, zones and middlelarge of graves. Despite the fact that Dorestad has been studied for than fifty years little is known about the nature of its habitation. Was theimpressive place inhabited?settlement Can we whethernumbers there were seasonal fluctuations, with e.g. a larger populationmore during the Did the supposedly violent end of Dorestad result in high permanently of caused by sharpdetermine bladed weapons? This paper will present the summer months? 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 numbers trauma

results of the physical anthropological and palaeopathological study of of 253 individuals excavated at the De Heul site. The of the population and the prevalence of pathological conditions are studied to whetherhuman Dorestadremains was inhabited on a basis and what the living conditionsdemographic were. Specialcomposition attention is paid to indicators of diet and related to violence. These results are determine to populations in order to permanent whether the population the population of Carolingian towns. trauma compared contemporaneous “Warriorsdetermine versus workingcemetery men”? – An enthesesresembles and joint study on the early medieval skeletal remains of Thunau/Kamp Pany-Kucera, Doris, Anthropology, Natural History Vienna, Vienna, Austria Supposed indicators of activity, i.e. frequency of entheseal changes (EC) and osteoarthritis (OA) were visually recorded in two early (9th /10th Museumcentury A.D.) skeletal populations Austria. They were recovered at two archaeological sub-sites: a fortified including a necropolis on a hillmedieval plateau along the palisade of the house, probablyfrom reserved for socialThunau/Kamp, and elites (“uphill”), and a large riverine at the foot of the hill, asettlement, so-called where burials and an area of “industrial” charactermanor were discovered (“downhill”). Possible socialmilitary differences between the two sites have beensettlement deduced archaeological analysis. “suburbium”,Selected fibrocartilaginous and joints were put together functionally for Because both groups were rather with a average age of 40±2y,from individuals were pooled for calculation of frequencies andmuscles univariate analyses. A covariance according to the occurrencecomparison. of EC and OA changes was hypothesized.small For nearlycomparable all individuals, a high frequency of slight changes in the hip and knee joint was found. A high percentage of changes was visible in the shoulder joints of in both groups and in the right wrist joints of the downhill High frequencies of OA changes were found at the ankle in uphill and eburnation was generally rarelymales observed. Concerning EC,symmetrically, only the downhill showed noteworthy frequenciesmales. of pathologies in the right triceps brachii and the biceps/brachialis males Thefemales; changes in the of the two groups they thereforemales have had traditional tasks (spindle whorls were found). Neither in nor in a special muscles.correlation of EC and OA wasfemales found. seem more homogenous, may more Diagnosingmales tuberculosisfemales, in skeletal populations Pedersen, Dorthe Dangvard, ADBOU, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Research into the skeletal expression of tuberculosis is difficult due to both low skeletal rates and of differential diagnosis. However analyses of referenceDenmark of skeletons with diseases of known diagnosis madehave led to well- descriptions of the boneinvolvement pathology relatedproblems to tuberculosis. However attention has been givenmodern clear diagnosed cases of thesamples disease and diagnostic tools that enables diagnosis in early or little progressivedocumented bone involving stages is needed. most With such it is precisely to the prevalence of bone involving tuberculosis in past populations. This study presents a for registration of tuberculosis that allows early stage disease diagnosis, largepossible skeletal more registrationestimate and registrations by different observers for studies. Skeletal approx.manual 1400 individuals living in the town of Ribe in the Southwestern part of the is includedsample in the study. Skeletons were excavated two parish comparative - the Grey Friars material from dated to the period AD 1250 – 1550 and the connected to the cathedral inDenmark Ribe dated within the period AD 800 –1805. A fromstudy of 279 skeletonscemeteries the Grey Friars Monasterymonastery found 52 skeletonstime with bone changes and nine withcemetery severe bone changes related to tuberculosis. These skeletons were thoroughly preliminary and all tuberculosis related from pathology was described according to skeletal mild involved, type of bone changes and progress of examined 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 elements

disease – either or severe. Based on these objective descriptions and published research describing skeletal in tuberculosis a registration was drawn up. All skeletons Ribe were then registered accordingmild to the in order to the properties of tuberculosisinvolvement and if necessary to refine the manual The lesion type frequencies were calculatedfrom and the relations of lesions were analyzedmanual by chi2 tests. In thisexamine way lesionepidemiological types that did not occur in connection to other lesion types could be excludedmanual. the

Childhood illnesses recorded in the adult skeleton:from infectiousmanual. middle ear disease, Harris lines and linear enamel hypoplasia Charlotte, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, of Forensic Medicine, Frederik d. 5. s Vej 11, Copenhagen, Niels Lynnerup, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Primeau,D of Forensic Medicine, Frederik d. 5 . s Vej 11,Department Copenhagen, This study two adultDenmark; skeletal populations an urban (n=109) and a ruralepartment population (n=264). The rural population is considered low-status andDenmark the urban population a high-status.examines Both were used throughout fromthe medieval period.Denmark, The two populations were for three skeletal that have been proposed to be indicators of childhood health. Two are well known tocemeteries paleopathology, Harris lines andmedieval hypoplasia. The third disease isexamined less used: the markers changes in the bones, induced by infectious ear disease in childhood. Evidence of infectiousnamely ear diseaseenamel is using CT Mostmarker reportscommonly of infectious permanentear disease are based on casetemporal reports, with few studies on populationmiddle level, and little international published data of infectiousmiddle ear diseaseexamined in the Danish images. period exists. The three skeletalmiddle are by their co-existence and correlation. Results showed that the urban population expressesmiddle a higher level of paleopathologicalmedieval evidence, to the rural population.markers Howeverexamined there wasdetermining no statistical significance for their co-existence for the adult skeletons. compared A test of inter- and intra-observer error for an atlas method of combined histological data for the evaluation of linear enamel hypoplasia Charlotte, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, of Forensic Medicine, Frederik d. 5. s Vej 11, Copenhagen, Charlotte Boyer, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Primeau,D of Forensic Medicine, Frederik d. 5 . s Vej 11, DepartmentCopenhagen, Sara Arge, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology,Denmark; of Forensic Medicine, Frederik d. 5. s Vej 11, Copenhagen,epartment Niels Lynnerup, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology,Denmark; Oladóttir of Forensic Medicine, Frederik d. 5 . s Vej 11, Copenhagen,Department We present hereDenmark; the dental chart data Reid and Dean (2000; 2006) and HoltDepartment et al. (2012), and reworked into a single color atlas.Denmark This color atlas is produced with the purpose of aging the chronology of linear hypoplasia.from This color atlas is suitable for working with a single combinedindividual or a large skeletal collection within biological anthropology. The color atlas is tested for inter- and intra-observer error,enamel using 178 teeth with linear hypoplasia thirty archeological

Results shows that the colored dental atlas as presentedenamel here, can be usedfrom with confidence for evaluatingspecimens. the age of an individual at the when a biological crises causes the of linear hypoplasia. In addition, the as presented here was found to be easy to work with. The relevance of this study to biological anthropologytime is the presentation of the formation histological data asenamel a colored dental atlas for use in theformat field or a laboratory setting. References: Holt SA, Reid DJ, Guatelli-Steinberg D. 2012. Brief combined of Figures for Aging LEH Defects in Dentition. J Dent Anthropol Communication: Premolar Enamel 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 Formation: Completion Permanent

25(1):4-7. Reid DJ, Dean MC. 2000. Brief The of Linear Hypoplasias on Anterior Teeth. J Phys Anthropol 113:135-139. Reid DJ, Dean MC. 2006. Variation in J Evol 50:329Communication:-346. Timing Human Am modern human Investigatingenamel formation the times.late/postHum medieval mass burial from the Old Hospital cemetery in Aalst, Belgium Quintelier, Flanders Heritage Agency During construction works in the garden of the ‘Old Hospital’ in Aalst, in 2012, a area of by Kim, was excavated and revealed skeletal 15 single and a burial of 8 individuals. The hospital has a long history,Belgium placing the origin ofsmall the Old Hospital3m 2.5m back in the Carolingian period whilehuman the hospitalremains from continued toinhumations be in use until 1780 AD.multiple Yet little is known about the individualsformer who were buried there. The discovery of the single and the grave within the hospital’s groundscemetery reveals a into the of the patients treated and the nature of the conditions they suffered and/or died inhumationsEspecially the find of massthe deposits in a very deep burial (length:glimpse ca. width:demography depth: ca. brings up questions. This poster will focus on the from. and the paleopathological observationsmultiple of the individualssmall, the grave, and their scientific2m; potential70cm; for further research.2.6m) The many burial was dated in the late/post periodpaleodemographic by the archaeologists on site and for 14C dating are being analyzedfrom for mass Due to the waterlogged conditions the skeletons are preservedmass in an excellent condition (see Figuremedieval 1). The individuals were buried in plain earth,samples without any grave goods. The individual foundconfirmation. in lowest position in the grave was covered by a layer of straw. All skeletons but one lay in prone position. The position of suggests the bodies were thrown haphazardly into the pit. All individuals are adultsmass younger than 40almost years.completely Of the 8 skeletons, 6 are and 2 are The of deposits and the deviant positionlimbs of the bodies suggest unusual The bodies show no evidence of violence and are believed to have been the ofmale an Thesefemale. resultssimultaneity bring new additional data to the historical knowledge of the use of this hospitalmortality. in specific particular and to burial archaeology in general. victims epidemic. cemetery Living with the consequences of injury: a medieval perspective from London Redfern, Rebecca, Centre for Bioarchaeology, of London, 150 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5HN; Alexandra Austin, John Lant & Partners, 206 Chesterton Road CB4 1NE; Margaret Judd, University of HumanPittsburgh, Museumof Anthropology, 3302 WWPH, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Cambridge injuries powerfully Department lives, particularly those resulting in This physical will affect a person’s social identity, potentially as As the bodyTraumatic is a record of such events,transform skeletal changes can be used to explore personalimpairment. histories. We selected twotransformation adults with ante- injuries excavated the stigmatising them of St Maryimpaired. Spital, London (1100-1550) (Connell et al. 2012). A with an unreduced left shoulder dislocation & ankylosis of the right ankle & left sacroiliacmortem joints, & a withfrom a sharp-forcemedieval weaponcemetery injury to her & fractures to her ribs, left leg & foot. Ourmale study to understand: injury & healing, subsequent skeletal adaptations & theirfemale secondary effects. We digital radiographycranium, & observation to diagnose & recordaimed the skeletal changes, & usedmechanisms the bioarchaeology of care to evaluate assistance (Tilley and 2011). We employed that the shoulder injury macroscopiccaused torso & have increased his fall risk. The would have required a modelwalking aid, & because of poor fracture reduction,Oxenham have beendetermined left with dysfunction & nerve irritation.abnormal movement may female may muscle 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

References: Connell B, Gray Jones A, Redfern R, Walker D.2012.A bioarchaeological study of burials on the site of St Mary Spital: excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991– 2007. of London Archaeology. Tilley L and M. 2011.Survival against the odds: medieval the social of care provision to seriously disabled individuals.International Journal of MuseumPaleopathology 1, 35-42. Oxenham modeling implications Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder (Charcot shoulder): Presentation of two cases in H. sapiens and P. troglodytes L, of Physical Anthropology, Aranzadi Sciences Society, Donostia, Basque Country, Spain; Pastor F, of and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid,Rı́os Department Spain We present here twoDepartment cases of neuropathicAnatomy arthropathy of the shoulder, a chronic of arthropathy due to a decreased sensory innervation. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of unilateral neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder reported in the paleopathological literature.form One case corresponds to an adult skeleton a forensic context Spain postwar period (1938-1942). The second case corresponds to a Pan troglodytes adult skeleton a dissection collection of male exhumed from Faculty offrom Medicine, Valladolid, Spain). In both cases, a resorption of the third of the (rightmale in H. sapiensfrom, left in P. roomtroglodytes) is observed,nonhuman affectingprimates the glenoid(Anatomical fossa. WeMuseum, discussed possible etiologies for the pathological changesmassive described proximal diabetes humerus tabes dorsalis, injury), as well as the associated, whose descriptions can be useful in a forensic and veterinary context. (syringomyelia, mellitus, traumatic Type A defectsymptoms of the posterior synchondrosis in a juvenile Neandertal first cervical vertebra? Luis, of Physical Anthropology, Aranzadi Sciences Society, Basque Country, Spain & Paleoanthropology Group, of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Rı́os,Madrid, Spain;Department Antonio Rosas, Paleoanthropology Group, of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid,Department Spain; Estalrrich, Paleoanthropology Group, of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, DepartmentMadrid, Spain; Antonio -Tabernero Paleoanthropology Group, ofAlmudena Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesDepartment-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Rosa Hughet, Institut de Paleoecologia i SocialGarcı́a (IPHES) – Unidad Asociada al CSIC, UniversitatDepartment Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain; Markus Bastir Paleoanthropology Group, of Paleobiology, MuseoCatalà Nacional de CienciasHumana NaturalesEvolució-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; David Guede, Trabeculae Technology Based Technological Park of Galicia, Ourense, Spain; Caeiro, Department of and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Santiago de Santiago de Firm,Spain; Susana of and José Ramó n Department Faculty of Medicine,Trauma University of Valencia, Valencia; Juan SanchisComplex- of Compostela, and Compostela, Faculty of Medicine,Llidó UniversityDepartment of Valencia,Anatomy Valencia Human CongenitalEmbryology, defects of the first cervical vertebra have been described and classifiedGimeno in theDepartment literature.Anatomy ModernHuman Embryology, Type A posterior atlas arch defects are presented as posterior gap as the result of failure of posterior fusion of the two lateral ossification centers. Thesemedical are probably due to a human failure of chondrogenesis rather than a small disturbance ofmidline ossification. Type A defects are reported to be the frequent posterior atlantal arch defect,anomalies ranging in frequency developmental 0.6 to 5% in populations. We discuss hereprimary the presence of a type A defect in a juvenile Neandertal first cervical vertebramost recovered El site (Asturias, Spain). The presence of a typefrom A defect in a juvenilemodern C1human with unfused anterior synchondrosis has to be differentiated -for-age absence of fusion of the posterior synchondrosis.from DetailedSidró n descriptions of the posterior synchondrosis of subadult atlases of and of adult atlases with type A from normal anatomical 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 modern humans,

defects are provided. The presence of a type A defect in the juvenile Neandertal C1 is discussed in light of these observations and in light of the associated age

Applying the “index of care” to a person who sufferedestimates. leprosy in late Medieval England Roberts, Charlotte, of Archaeology, University, England; Lorna Tilley School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Inferring disabilityDepartment and related caregiving Durhamarchaeological skeletal is challenging (Roberts 2000). Even challenging is clinical signs and onto individuals with skeletal changes indicative of a particular disease, suchfrom as leprosy, a bacterial infection.remains The and experience ofmore every disease will varymapping all individuals symptomsaffected, as will the care provided. to disability and care of people in the past a bioarchaeological perspectiveimpact have been in the past, but it is only very recentlyamong that a detailed, approach has been proposedAttempts (Tilleydetermine and 2011). This study applies the “Indexfrom of Care” (Tilley and 2014) to one madeindividual a Medieval leprosy hospital (Chichester,systematic Sussex; 12th-16th centuries AD; Magilton et Oxenhamal 2008). The skeleton was selected because it has a range of bone Cameronchanges specific to leprosy, andfrom others that are non-specific butcemetery could be leprosy- related. These changes are described and differential diagnoses considered; associated funerary and socio-cultural contextual data are incorporated (Step 1). Clinical data for leprosy are noted to assess: how leprosy affected the life experience of the person, the on their function, and whether functional loss would have needed care provision (Step 2). The likely nature of care provided is identified (Step 3) and interpreted with respect to the person concernedimpact and the in which they lived (Step 4). Following the “Index of Care” steps it is possible to better assess the likelihood of disability and care provision skeletal However, the socio-cultural contextcommunity of this site/region, where leprosy-related have been present, interpretation from References:remains. Magilton J, Lee, Boylston A 2008 ‘Lepers outside the gate’. Excavation at thestigma may of the Hospital ofmakes St and St Marycomplex. Magdalene, Chichester, 1986-7 and 1993. York, Council for British Archaeology Research Report 158 and Chichester Excavations 10. Roberts CA 2000cemetery Did they take sugar? The useJames of skeletal evidence in the study of disability in past populations. In J Hubert (ed): Madness, disability and social exclusion. The archaeology and volumeanthropology of “difference”. New York, Routledge, pp 46-59. Tilley L, T 2014 Introducing the Index of Care: a web-based application supporting archaeological research into health-related care. Int J Paleopathology 6:5-9. Tilley L, MF 2011 Survival againstCameron the odds: the social of care provision to seriously disabled individuals. Int J Paleopathology 1:35-42. Oxenham modeling implications An occupationally related disease in a 19th century skeleton from north-east England? The past and present of “phossy jaw” Roberts, Charlotte, of Archaeology, University, England; Anwen Caffell, of Archaeology, University, England; Kori Filipek-Ogden, of Archaeology, University, England;Department Becky Gowland, Durham of Archaeology, University, England;Department Tina Jakob, Durham of Archaeology, University, England; DevonDepartment Tancock, ofDurham Archaeology, University, EnglandDepartment Durham AnalyzingDepartment the of a person’s occupationDurham has been an endeavor in bioarchaeologyDepartment for years. However, thereDurham have been critiques of the value and rigour of such studies because the skeletalimpact indicators reported have a aetiology. This paper approachesmany “reconstructing occupation” the of skeletal changes in a skeleton(Jurmain 1999), an area mainly of north- east England where historical evidence describesmultifactorial hazardous industries. Pathological lesions are described in a 12-14 year oldfrom individualpremise buried in the Quaker of Coachfrom Lane, North Shields, 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 cemetery

Tyne and Wear (n=236; c.1711-1857AD; PCA 2012). Skeletal changes throughout the skeleton are described and differential diagnoses considered, and with pathology data. The appearance is to the condition called “phossy jaw”, or osteo associated with exposure to phosphorus.comparisons made historicaldocumented data indicate that the museum industrymandible’s was one of the local industriessimilar where this population worked. This condition is describedmyelitis in recent literature in association with bisphosphonatesContemporary used for treating cancer and matchmakingosteoporosis (Jacobsen et al 2014). This skeleton is discussed alongside the extant historical data about more (and child labour) to show the benefits of this type of bioarchaeological study to approach what our ancestors did “for a living”. It also considers, a clinical standpoint, the challenges this personmatchmaking have faced as their identity changed, likely affected by the experience of pain and swelling of the (facial appearance), and the foul taste andfrom of pus draining the lesions. These signs andmay have influenced how the person and their reacted to “phossy jaw”. References:mandible Jacobsen C, W, Obwegeser JA, Grätz KW,smell Metzler P 2014 Thefrom phosphorous necrosis of the jawssymptoms and what maywe can learn past: a of “phossy”community and “biphossy” jaw. Oral Maxillofac Surg 18:31-37.Zemann R 1999 Stories the skeleton. Behavioral reconstruction in osteology. Gordonfrom and the Breach.comparsion Pre-Construct 2012 Archaeological evaluation Jurmainof the burialfrom ground on Caoch Lane, North Shields, North Tyneside,human Tyne andAmsterdam, Wear. PCA Archaeology Limited former Quaker Paleopathology of nine cemeteriesLimited. in Southern Finland, taphonomy and some problematic case studies Salo, Kati, University of Helsinki, Finland This paper discusses nine different dating 12th to 19th century in Southern Finland. These sites represent all together 579 individual skeletons. Preservation of bones in Finlandcemeteries is discussed brieflyfrom with the help of new type of General overview of profiles of these sites are presented. Differences and betweenHuman sites, sexes, age at death- classes and different stature in the prevalenceinformative of paleopathologicallyimages. recordedpaleodemographic lesion types are presented and discussed critically. Dental diseases were similarities in and in Ante Tooth Loss, abscesses, periodontal disease, osteoarthritis, vertebral osteoarthritis and were in older adults. This is natural moresince theycommon are agefemales progressive ortrauma males. diseases.Mortem However, young adult individuals to have caries and calculus than the older adults.trauma This bemore explainedcommon by AMTL. nodes appear first in puberty and they are foundcumulative steadily through all adult age classes. Cribra orbitaliaseem and Linear more Hypoplasia are childhood stress indicators mayand of were foundSchmorl’s in children and young adults. None of the pathologies alone correlated with adult stature. There were statistically significant differencesEnamel between sites, especially dental diseases weremost less them in the coastal towns. Other pathological lesion types such as spondylolysis, osteochondritis dissecans, enthensophytes, diseases (scurvy and possible rickets), osteoporosis, congenital common (such as spina bifida, sacralization), infectious diseases (periostitis, sinusitis, syphilis and tuberculosis),metabolic endocranial woven bone and (as for malformations were found less frequently. Laterlumbalization, half of this presentation deals with interesting and cases of pathology these sites that are still waitingformation for differentialneoplasms diagnosis. I hopeexample the audienceosteomas) can help with differential diagnosis of at least of thesesome cases. problematic from me making some

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Skeletal and dental health status in remains exhumed from a cemetery of political prisoners from Spain postwar (1938-1943) Saqqa, Unit of Physical Anthropology, of Biology, Universidad de Madrid, Spain; Luis of Physical Anthropology, Aranzadi Sciences Society, Basque Country, Spain More thanMiriam, five thousand have been Department since 2000 gravesAutonoma and prisoners Rı́os, Departmentthe Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and postwar periods (1938- 1943). Diverse skeletal and dental variables haveremains been recorded in theexhumed analysis of the from mass with the objective of identificationcemeteries from and returning of the to the requesting In this work we present skeletal and dental evidence of the health status of political prisoners remains the main postwar period (1938- 1943). Variables related to the growthremains period stature, families.linear hypoplasia), variables related to the health status at the of death (dental data such as from immediate losses, carious lesions, abscesses), and archival evidence for the cause (meanof death are presentedenamel and discussed in relation to the structure oftime Spain during the first third of theantemortem 20th century, and in relation to the specific conditions suffered by the population in Spain postwar. socioeconomic How violent was the Europeanimprisoned Neolithic? Schulting, Rick, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, United There are differing views regarding the extent to which the European Neolithic was a violent place. Many researchers the sense of created by earlyKingdom societies, seeing this as an essentially peaceful Others point to the growing evidence for skeletal clearly relating to interpersonal violence.emphasise These two community opposing views can be held,farming because the question how were suchtime. events, and what proportion of the overall population traumawas affected? In an to bring the debate forward,seemingly this presentation discusses the results of a recent study focusingremains, on Neolithiccommon cranial selected regions of northwest Europe. attempt are not straightforward, as different collections exhibit varying degrees of preservation and trauma Nevertheless,from broad conclusions are possible. There are hints of regional and Comparisons patterning, though dating is often especially in that can see repeatedcompleteness. use over centuries or evensome longer. The prevalence of peri- cranial injuries appears to temporalbe fairly consistent, averaging around 3-6%;problematic, ante- injuries arechambered regionally tombs variable, but are generally two to three Men, and childrenmortem were all affected by both lethal and non-lethal violence. Of course, cranial injuries representmortem only one of interpersonalmore violence found on the skeleton, andtimes it ismore clearcommon. that other individualswomen suffered projectile injuries to the body. Taken together, it can be suggested that, unsurprisingly, the Neolithic was notform an entirely peaceful place, yet the prevalence of violence is by no as high as seen in the archaeological record in other parts of the world, or as in the ethnographic record. So the hawks and doves can still both their positions. The challengemeans that is how to integrate this evidence intosome our narratives of the period. documented maintain remains Patterns of disease at Sidon, Lebanon -• a Middle Bronze Age population in regional diachronic comparison Schutkowski H., University, Faculty of Science and Technology, of Archaeology and Anthropology, United M. Golloher, Stantec, Ontario, Canada; R. Mikulski University of Exeter, Bournemouth of Archaeology, United N. Speith Department University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kingdom; of Archaeology and Anthropology, United A. UniversityDepartment of Warsaw, Faculty of History, Kingdom; of Bioarchaeology,Bournemouth Poland & University, Faculty of ScienceDepartment and Technology, of Archaeology and Anthropology,Kingdom; Sołtysiak, United Department Bournemouth Department 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 Kingdom

Since 2001, excavations are taking place under the auspices of the British at the College Site of Sidon, an ancient and burial ground reserved for archaeological research and not threatened by (Dou -Serhal et al. 2004). This unique situationMuseum has so far led to the recovery of c. 140ceremonial skeletal individuals completely the Middle Bronze Age (first half of the 2nd BC).development Here we presentmet an overview of skeletal palaeopathological alterations assessed all adolescent and adult individuals (N=58)mostly (forfrom aspects of infant and child health see Schutkowski and millennium 2013). While caries frequency was with 9.9%, 61.5% of individuals displayed linearfrom hypoplasia. Signs of infectious disease present as sinusitis (13.6%), new bone on the pleuralThomas surface of ribs (39.5%), endocranial moderatelesions (5.2%), and periosteal reactions of the lower bonesenamel (47.4%). Cribra orbitalia are present in 37.5% of the Evidence of formation is associated with accidental ante lesions and is low in general. Half of the individuals in thelimb suffered degenerative joint disease, largely seensample. in the vertebral trauma mostly across space and mortem the Bronze Age population of Sidon roughly follows a trend observedsample in the widerfrom region of only low to frequencies of chronic disease.column. Coupled with the absenceCompared of signs of interpersonaltime violencemiddle the reflects a prospering population of supra- regional living in of relativemoderate political and stability. assemblage Comparisonimportance of Three Casestimes of Femoral Shaft Fractures economic Schwarz, Laura Sophia, Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Deutschland Today, fractures are which can be easily dealt with. Modern narcotics enable surgeons to reduceGerman the fracture without pain to the patient and the fractured site can be stabilizedfemoral by screwing or medical emergenciesplates. In archaeological contexts, fractures of the often are very spectacular, especially when no toimmense reduce it was In this paper, three cases of shaft fractures, which hadimplanting been survived and which appeared to be well healed, will be femurlooked at, two dating the Bronze Age Russiaattempt and one the Scythianmade. period in Kazakhstan. The casesfemoral presented display bone growth, exostoses, as well as rotation, angulation, and shortening which led to furtherfrom fromthat appeared after fromhealing (arthritis of the knee). Additionally to this, bony cushionsmassive were observed, diagnosed as being caused by ossificans complications ossification. A closer look at the of healing via x- ray and CT scans as wellsmooth as histology research shall enhance the view on the healing of nonmyositis-reduced bones. Looking at the findings,traumatica/heterotopic it will be discussed how and why the post- mechanisms appear, the of arthritis will be considered and also whether or not ossificans could be a typical sign of this kind of fracture. The skeletons were also affectedtraumatic by severalcomplications different health issues,development one displaying possible Perthes Disease and a cranial fracture, anothermyositis displaying not onlytraumatica to the but to the patellae as well. The connection between these issues and the fracture will be discussed. trauma femur To the question of the Christianity expansion in the North-Eastern Pontic region (Black Sea, Russia) Shvedchikova, Tatiana, Institute of Archaeology, Russian of Sciences, Moscow The expansion of the Christianity in the North-Eastern Pontic region in 9thCE was connected to the building of religious centers often with the helpAcademy of invited Greek It was considered before that in the region of Lowland first churches appear just on 19th century AD. The latest archaeologicalnumerous discoveries concerned with the salvage excavations duringmasters. the construction the objects (XXII WinterImeretinskaya revealed the unique and well preserved Christian church which could be dated by 9th-11th cent. AD. This fact changes the picture of known pathways of ChristianityOlympic spreading in this area.Olympic One games) which differs the is the persistent of underground crypt, where we can find the of than 10 of 25-29 years old at death. more feature dome 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 remains more males

Skulls of 4 individuals had the traits of sable wounds on and parietal bones. The character of injuries and archaeological data lead us to the conclusion that burial was the result of one war conflict. It is known that duringsimilar that the pagan andtemporal Christian population coexisted. Thus the goal of the project I was to define the profile of the population,multiply which left the around the paying special attention to the timehigh rank burials inside aisles and taking into account that main in the crypt could represent the who were trying to defend the cemeteryReflection of dome processes during these is also a very Bioarchaeological approach has beenvictims applied to the studying of monks Besides palaepathological analysiscomplex. various anthropologicalmigration such as odontologicaltime investigation,important traceproblem. analysis, description were used as well as 3D humanvisualizationremains. of burials. methods element morphological To the question of distribution of the specific infectionsmultiply among rural medieval population in Russia by the example of Rozhdestveno cemetery (15 th-16th cent. AD) Shvedchikova T., Institute of Archaeology of Russian of Sciences, Russia, Moscow; Berezina, N.Ya. Research Institute and of Anthropology Moscow State University, Moscow & Institute of Archaeology of Russian of Sciences, Russia,Academy Moscow Our study was based on the osteologicalMuseum the rural of the Rozhdestveno I (Odintsovo,Academy Moscow region). The was obtained due to salvage excavation in 2006-2007 under the direction of Mikhailmaterial Gonyanyi.from The burial cemeterysite could be datedsettlement by 15th-16th century according to and specific artefacts.material Totally the 152 burials have been studied. Most of were redeposited. This fact argues for the prolonged use of the clusters partly due to ofmass the dwellingsmaterial existence on the border. High percentage of the children (42%),them and the analysis of the stress on the skeletons of adult individualssame cemetery let us to suppose the unfavorable livinglimitation conditions of the society. Both the and population (totallymortality in 12,6% of cases) the of features whichmarkers allow us to speak about the specific infection The were foundamong on the male skeletonfemale (20-29 years old, burial 122). In spite of partialcomplex preservation and in cases destruction of (treponemal). layer of the bone, mostwe found theremarkable substantialmanifestations changes of the bone tissue on thefemale long bones of scapulae and ribs. on all preserved bones proliferatesome changes taphonomicalof the surface are noted. compact processes of scapulas and outer surface of 12th rib are covered by porous layers. Also on extremities,the upper and lower Almost regions of periosteal are On the tibial and Acromialbones the process is Deep lesion focus (12,6 in the distal part of left tibia involves the canalextremities and differ the destructionsinflammation on themarked. right tibia. Probably it is femoral of the syphiliticmore manifested. by secondary pyogenic infection,mm) which led to syphilitic Themedullar presented case is the from gummatousexpressed and typical for the tertiary syphilis the complicationinvestigated of Rozhdestvenogumma I site. Written sources testify the extensive expansion of thisosteomyelitis. disease on the territory of Europe at themost end of 15th-16th centuries. It could be by synchronousamong findings in Rostovmaterial Velikyi, Vologda, Mozhaisk and gives us the evidence of appearance of venereal syphilis on the territory of Eastern-European lowland. confirmed

Osseous Deficiencies after Dislocation of the Shoulder Hill-Sachs lesion and Bankart lesion M. Spannagl-Steiner, of Anthropology, National History Vienna, Austria; M. Teschler-Nicola, of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria Dislocation of the Department joint forced by or Museum, reasons tends to result in deficiencies in theDepartment native osseous topography of the head and/or glenoid. In the of cases dislocation ofglenohumeral the shoulder can easily be reducednontraumatic and traumaticgo entirely unnoticed, except large Hill-Sachs lesion and Bankart lesion. Hill-Sachshumeral lesion is characterized by a headmajority may moderately 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 humeral

fracture induced by the pressure of glenoid in the course of an anterior or posterior dislocation of the shoulder. A Bankart lesion usually results the of the glenoid respectivelycompression the bony and is highly associated withrim the lesion. The presence and size of these lesions increases with recurrent instability fromepisodes detachmentas well as total of labrum, instability.margin The present study focuses on the evidencematching of eitherhumeral of these lesions ascertainable in ancient e.g. Early Medieval population of Furth-Mautern (Lowertime Austria) and pathologicalsymptomatic preparations collected in the 18th and 19th Century AD (Pathological- Collection- NHM Vienna, PASiN). Weremains, used inspection, a reflector and radiography for anthropological investigation. others we present a particular case of a rareAnatomical locked posterior dislocation of a right shoulder withmacroscopic large Hill-Sachs andmicroscope new build joint socket. We to identify different phases of boneAmongst loss or affected head and glenoid cavity and discuss possible differential diagnosis. deformities aim References: Provencher M.T., Rode M., & Peace W.,humeral 2011: Hill-Sachs Injuries of the Shoulder.In: J.S. (Ed.), of the Unstable Shoulder: Arthroscopic and Open Repair,235 – 252. M., Schulz T. & Busse M., 2000: Die verhakte dorsale Schulterluxation.Klinische Abrams Management 1, 24 – 29. Thomas SportmedizinRadiological, (KCS)tomography and histological methods applied to osseous changes due to otitis media and mastoiditis in a pre-historic and historical skeletal material from Poland Teul, Iwona, Chair of and Clinical Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Dariusz Nowakowski, D of Anthropology, University of and Life Sciences, PolandHuman ; Lorkiewicz,Anatomy, ChairPomeranian of Anthropology, University of Poland Otitis (OM) is a diseaseepartment which lead to Wrocław and severe endocranialEnvironmental Since antibioticsWrocław, have Wiesław available, OM and have diseasesŁó in dź , Westernmedia societies. However, it is still may in mastoiditisdeveloping countries. In earlier historicalcomplications. and prehistoric OM andbecome have mastoiditisposed a serious threatbecome to rarepeople’s lives, andmodern that the prevalence of this diseases is probablycommon underrepresented in the paleopathological literature. The present studytimes, identifies pathologicalmastoiditis changesmust in the cells of the process in skeletal the area of Poland. A total of 978 for this study: 187 neolithic (4300-4000 B. C.), 170 wielbar culturepneumatized (I-IV), 332 early mastoid (XII-XV AD and 289human samples(XVI-XIXfrom AD). The analysismodern of this using mastoid radiological, were examined CT and histological investigations and draws conclusions as to the frequencymedieval of the disease diagnosedmodren in the archaeological Osseousmaterial changesmacroscopic, because of (sclerotic and sclerotic with reduced some wereepidemiological diagnosed in 63.5 % of the bones (significant). The frequency in the skeletal samples. early skulls was highermastoiditis (69.3% vs 94%) than in the neolithicpneumatization) (58.6%), wielbar culture (69%) and temporal century (73.3 vs 84.2%). In and populationssample from weremedieval often sclerotic changes than (not samplesignificant).from In both prehistoric populations (significant) modern were (69.3%) often affected than medieval (59.1%).modern The high frequencymales of the more changes in the females cells of the process observed was likely due to an females of osseousmore changes during individual males and supports the hypothesis thatmorphological OM and was a seriouspneumatised health in pre- historicmastoid and historical populationmost and diagnosisaccumulation of cells provides a useful toollifetimes for the study of pathological conditions in the mastoiditis ear region in ancient populations.problem References: 1.Daniel H.J.,human R.T., R.S., Ruclcriegaipneumatised L., 1988.mastoid Otitis Media: A for the Physical Anthropologist. Journal of Physical Anthropology.middle 3,1, 143-167. 2. Li J.D., A., Ryan A.F., Bakaletz L.O., SteveSchmidt D. Brown Fulghum S. D., Michael T. et al., 2013. Recent Advances in OtitisProblem Media in Molecular Biology, Am Genetics, and Models. Otolaryngology -Head Hermanssonand Neck Surgery. 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 Biochemistry, Animal

148(4), 52–63. 3. Ruhli F.J., Evison R., Muller R., Schultz M., 2007. Diagnostic value of -CT in with histology in the qualitative of historical skull bone pathologies. Journal of Physical Anthropology. 133, 1099-1111 4. Sade J., Russo E., Fuchsmicro C., Ar A., 2006. Acutecomparison otitis and growth. Acta assessmentOtolaryngol. 126, 1036–1039.human American A case of anmedia orbital treatmentmastoid in a medieval skull from Kabyle, Bulgaria Toneva, Diana, Institute of Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Bulgarian of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria; Silviya Nikolova, Institute of Morphology, Pathology andExperimental Anthropology with Bulgarian of Sciences,Museum 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria Academy Experimental A case of an intentional of the right orbitMuseum was observed in Academya skull Kabyle, Southeastern Bulgaria. Kabyle was one of the and largest towns in Thrace. In the end of the 6th century it was destroyed.treatment In the 9th century a medieval arosefrom in the territory of the ancient town. The skull reported was partmost of theimportant bone revealed in the archaeological excavations, supervised by Professor L. Getov. The necropolissmall medieval was nearsettlement to the northwestern gate of the ancient town of Kabyle and was dated in 12th- 14th century.material The skull belonged to an adult individual (20-25 year-old). The postcranial bones were not available. The right orbit was treated with a of the orbital apex. The bone area around the superior orbital fissure and optic canal and a part of the great wing of the sphenoid bone were The lateral edge of the incision suggested theremoval intentional on the orbit. The aperture obtained was providing a direct contact to brain structures, especially to the removed. zone andsmooth cavernous sinus. Cribra orbitalia was observed on the roof of the orbit.treatment However, there were no obvious traces of any wounds on the skull, whichsome could be that the eyeball andtemporal the adjacent bone surfaces were badly injured and there was an evidential need for a But yet, it could be a case of transorbital stab penetratingfrom brain injury, in whichassumed a part of the orbital apex was affected and this could be a possible reason for such a medical Becausetreatment. of the lack of traces of healing, it be supposed that the orbital was Thus, it could be a ritual near after the medicalof death, or a treatment. treating of a wound. must treatment performed perimortem. treatment, performed time Makingmedical a Hole in theprimary Head – A Probable Neolithic Trepanation from Östra Torp Tornberg, Anna, Archaeology and ancient history, Lund university, Lund, Sweden In June 1939, Swedish archaeologist Bror-Magnus Vifot, excavated a partly destroyed grave. Except a skeleton in crouching position, though partly disturbed, a hole-edged flint axe, three flint blades and coarse pottery sherds where found, indicating the grave to belong to the Swedish-Norwegian from Battle Axe Culture (BAC). During bioarchaeological investigations of Late Neolithic Scania in 2013, the skeleton,some an adult individual, was found to two skull one due to blunt force and one 30×30 large penetration. Both skull showed notable degree of healing. Considering the penetrating male could not be associated tosuffer any fracture from lines ortraumas, internal beveling, being considerably roundmm in shape and showed a notabletraumas degree of healing, it was interpreted as a deliberately trepanationtrauma with a happy ending.

Studypreformed of palaeopathological lesions in lime burials from a medieval and post- medieval cemetery in Mechelen, Belgium. Van de Vijver, Katrien, Centre for Archaeological Sciences, KU Leuven; Eline UMR 5199- PACEA, de Bordeaux The inclusion of in burials is well known for and post- Schotsmans, with contextual,Université chronological and regional diversities, as well as different intentions and several lime medieval medieval cemeteries, 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

could have been applied to burials to desiccate and preserve the corpse, with the intention to dissolve the body and accelerate decay, to absorb putrefaction fluids and reduce odours, as a disinfectant,misconceptions. or asLime a religious and visual characteristic. During the excavation of the St. in Mechelen, 3575 graves were recovered, dating between the 11th and 18th century AD. Five graves containedsymbol a white substance, either as a base lining or as part of the grave fill.Rombout’s The whitecemetery substance was analysedBelgium, and identified as calcite, suggesting the graves were burials. Analysis of the burials shows variation in the characteristics of the context, with single and burials, plain earth and coffin burials, variations in characteristics of the lining and in the lime of the body. multiple Analysis of the indicated an unusual profile, with a high proportiontreatment of young and individuals. The palaeopathological study showed a high frequency of periosteal new bone likelyhuman relatedremains to infection, besides a high mortality of lesions associated with physical and male stress. The study of the burial characteristics and the study of formation, and palaeopathological lesions, aids thenumber interpretation of the use of in burials as well as metabolicthe interpretation of thecombined palaeopathological lesions in their biocultural context. demographic composition lime Virtual endocasts as a diagnostic tool for microcephaly Van der Merwe, A.E., of and Physiology, Medical Centre, University of E. Mank of and Physiology, Medical Centre,Department UniversityAnatomy, of Embryology H.H. de BoerAcademic of Pathology, MedicalAmsterdam, Centre,Amsterdam; University of Department Anatomy, R.J. OostraEmbryology of Academic and Physiology, MedicalAmsterdam, Centre,Amsterdam; University of Department AcademicThe accurate identification of Amsterdam, is Amsterdam; when onDepartment Anatomy, a palaeopathologicalEmbryology context asAcademic population, age and sex cranialAmsterdam, Amsterdam are often not available. However, Falk et al. (2007)microcephaly suggestedproblematic that this performed could be remains by fromassessing the characteristics of cranial endocasts. Thismatched poster investigatesmeasurements the value of virtual cranial endocasts as a diagnostic tool to identify skulls an unknownproblem context asovercome being CT- scansmorphometric were on nine crania of which six were previously identified as being and three were of individuals with a cranialfrom Based on the CTmicrocephalic. data, virtual endocasts wereperformed created using AMIRA version of the endocasts weremicrocephalic taken as described by Falket al. (2007).All normal werecircumference. to data as published by Vannucciet al. (2011) and Falket al. (2007).Five of the six 5.0.Measurements crania were classified as presenting with one or characteristicsmeasurements suggestive of compared One individual identified as possibly presenting with due to a microcephalic cranial did not present with any more morphometric characteristics. One of the three microcephaly. individuals also presented with one characteristicmicrocephaly suggestivesmall of circumference abnormal morphometricMicrocephaly cannot be positively identified purelynormal based on the characteristic of an endocast. However,morphometric the data be used to support amicrocephaly. diagnosis based on an cranial or cranial capacity. metric References: Falk D.etmay al., 2007. PNAS 104:2513-2518. Vannucci R.C.etabnormally al., 2011 PNASsmall 108:14043- circumference14048.

Long bone growth and dental development in Medieval Austria Velissaris, Julian, of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Risy, Ronald, City Archaeology, Municipal of Culture and Education St. Austria ; Risser, Daniele, of ForensicDepartment Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria ; Monika of Forensic Medicine,Department Medical University of Vienna, AustriaPölten, ; Kanz, Fabian, of Department Seltenhammer, 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 Department Department

Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Elucidation of three issues was the of our study: i) establish site-related age functions for long bone ii) reveal potential growth retardations of subadults, and iii) possible correlationsmain of growthaim interference with the occurrence of Harris estimationlines (HLs). A selection of 200 dimensions, subadult skeletons the total of 4,500 (1800 subadults) a determine at the Cathedral Square at St. Polten (Lower Austria) was analyzed: Four of each long bone (A diaphysealmedieval length, B distalfrom breadth,inhumations C and D c from at cemetery were dental age was using x-rays of the jaws (Ubelaker,dimensions 1988). The general stature was calculated accordingmaximum to Ruff (2007)metaphysis and HL statuses werediameter verified by xircumference-rays of the midshaft)Tibia. Highly significantmeasured. correlations The (p 0.0001)estimated were observed for bone Quadratic regression between dental age and bone resulted in accurate functions than linear Not surprising, the heights≤ of individuals were consistentlydimensions. than those of To modelsaddress the issue regarding growth dimensions in versusmore we models. a of analogical growth former by smaller data into WHOtoday´s. growth charts. Results of this dynamicsdisplay no significantmediaeval growth modernretardationtimes, for the investigatedperformed subadults.simulation Although HLs were observeddynamics in 50%transforming of the investigatedmediaeval individuals, amodern statistical significant correlation with possibleexperiment growth deficiency was not assessed (p = 0.113). We that the approved long bone regression are not biased by the selected and definitely valid for reliable age of subadults St. Polten. assume References: Ubelaker, D.H. formulas skeletal excavation, analysis,subsample interpretation.2nd ed, Washington, DC:estimation Ruff, C. (2007)from Bodymedieval size prediction juvenile skeletal of Physical(1988) Anthropology,133(1): Human remains, p. 698-716. Taraxacum. from remains. Child’sAmerican play: Journal the identification of skeletal trauma in immature human remains Verlinden, Petra, Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, United The study of skeletal in is considered in the discipline of osteology. This be explained by the lack of specialized knowledgeKingdom on in children. fracture locationstrauma and fractureimmature typeshuman are specificremains to childhood, andproblematic yet the skeletal ofhuman in children hasmight never been properly defined. This talk will first discuss skeletaltrauma in childrenSome and its and explain how knowledge of clinical literature led to themanifestation of atrauma which can be applied to the study of dry bone. This consiststrauma of strategies for identifyingforms, or throughmodern radiography. To apply this development a largemethodology collection of (0-18 years) was derived fourmethodology collections. All individuals were recordedtrauma forage,macroscopically preservation and relevant pathology in addition to methodology, observations on skeletal immature Results willremains illustrate the unique propertiesfrom of skeletalmedieval in and reveal how the use of a led to the identification of several mainfracture types. This talk willtrauma. conclude with on how these findings will fit into futuretrauma research,immature and howremains, they will contribute to the generalmodified paleopathologicalmethodology study of remarks A possible case of Möller-Barlow disease from northwesternimmature Switzerlandhuman remains. (7th century) Viera Trancik, University of Bern, Institute of Forensic Medicine, of Anthropology, Sulgenauweg 40, CH 3007 Bern & University of Bern, Institute of Archeological Science, of Pre- and Early History, Bernastrasse 15a, CH-3005 Bern; SandraDepartment University of Bern, Institute of Forensic Medicine, of Anthropology, Sulgenauweg 40, CH 3007 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment The excavation site Reigoldswil is located at 550 above sea levelLösch, on the Jura chain hillside in northwestern Switzerland.Department The divide the Rhine valley an agriculturally rich region. The origin of the village lies in the early Untilm now the skeletons of one have been mountains from 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 medieval time. cemetery

studied. Around 216 individuals were excavated under the foundation walls of a church and in the open field. They date to the 7/8th up to the 10th century. The striking part is the high morphologically of subadult (0-18 years) individuals with 58% (n=126). Onefrom of these children, an 1.5 year old the 7th century, was buried in a stone cist. Its bones show traces amountlike porotic lesions of the greater wings of the sphenoidale, the the andapproximately the scapula as new bonetoddler from on both and tibiae. These signs could be an indicator morphologicalfor -Barlow disease (Ortner 2003, Brickley and Ives 2008, Stark in press). Assquama, scurvy is associatedmandibule with an insufficient intake of formation C, femora be A reason be the geographic locationMö ll er or/and a harsh with crop failure and the first settler had to face. Besides the diagnose vitamin acidsmalnutrition of the bonemust collagenassumed. have been analyzedmight et. al.). Further such asclimate radiocarbon dating and stablefamine isotope ratios (C, N, O, S) to specify nutrition,morphological are planned. Literature:amino Brickley, M., Ives, R. (2008): The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic(Kramis Bone Disease. examinations, Elsevier. S., Trancik, V., Cooper C., Lösch, S.:(2014): Möller Barlow disease in archaeology: study of detection. PPA Lund. Ortner, D.J. (2003): IdentificationAmsterdam, of Pathological ConditionsKramis, in Skeletal Press, New York. Stark, R.J. (in Press), A proposed Preliminary for the studybiochemical of paleopathological cases of subadult scurvy. Int. J. Paleopathol. (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2014.01.005Human Remains. Academic framework Protocol optimization to detect G6PD deficiency in ancient samples Vigano, Claudia, Institute of University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Malaria has been for centuries one of the severe diseases affecting European populations, especially around the MediterraneanAnatomy, shores. It is hypothesized that natural selection by has onmany genes than any othermost pathogen: the distribution of P.falciparum worldwide has shown to be correlated with the distribution of different genes malaria which appearmade more to giveimpact resistancehuman to deficiency is one of the well -known malaria of likely caused by Nowadays G6PD deficiencyhuman is frequentmutations in the countries where P.falciparummalarialinfection.G6PD has been for centuries. mostIn Europe G6PD deficiencyexamples is particularlyhuman mutations present around the Mediterraneanmalaria. coasts, where has moreinfected people for a long and the Italian island Sardiniamalaria is the Europeanendemic regionmany with the highest frequency of G6PD deficiency. However, G6PD deficiency is not so in othermalaria regions, especially in neighboringtime, Corsica. Many hypotheses have been posited to explain these exceptions. Corsica, France, has, in spite of its long history and its positioncommon close to Sardinia,former malarial very few cases of G6PD deficiency. G6PD deficiency is also rare in Central and Northern Europe. Switzerland, for instance, confines with Italy, wheremalaria G6PD frequency is rather high and which was in the past colonised by Despite this closeness, G6PD deficiency to be rare in Switzerland. Here there will be presented the genetic results on historical Sardinian and Swiss Romans. seems Dental modificationspreliminary in ahuman skeletal sample of enslaved Africans found at Lagos samples.(Portugal) Wasterlain, Sofia N., of Life Sciences, University of Portugal; Maria Neves; Maria Teresa Ferreira In 2009, an archaeologicalDepartment intervention in the Valle da Gafaria (Lagos,Coimbra, Portugal)Coimbra, allowed the excavationJoã o of a deposit of waste dating 15th-17thcenturies. discarded objects and food an of skeletal was (N=158 individuals). The archaeological and historical context of the findings,from as well as the Among analysis of the skulls ledremains, us to attribute an Africanimportant originamount to thesehuman individuals. Historicalremains sourcesexhumed the capture and trade of slaves by the Portuguese since the 15thcentury. While this trademorphometric has expanded so far no slave was excavated in Portugal. The study of their lives and deathsdocument has been by historical over time, cemetery 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 accomplished primarily

Therefore, this provides a unique opportunity to learn about captive individuals who were brought to Portugal in the period. The present work focuses in the intentionaldocuments. dental sample presented by several of these individuals. Amore total of 113 subjects have teeth that can be evaluated for the presence of intentionalmodern Of these, 63 (55.8%) individuals present dental modifications on their anterior dentition. Twenty-seven individuals (42.9%) exhibit on both upper and lower teeth. The incisorsmodifications. were the teeth, followed by themodifications canines. Both and as adults and sub-adults have dental intentional modifications In individuals dental involved the most frequently of the modified and distal angles of the teeth, which is men women to practices observed in sub-Saharan Africa today. modifications.However, we cannotmost infer a specific originmodifications for these slaves only basedremoval on dentalmesial type and pattern because several ethniccomparable groups their teeth in the way. more modification’s Growth problems in a skeletal sample ofmodify children from the foundlingsame wheel of Santa Casa da Misericórdia, Faro, Portugal (16th -19th centuries) Wasterlain, Sofia N., of Life Sciences, University of Portugal; Joana Paredes; Maria Teresa Ferreira During growth, eachDepartment child has a genetic potential for increasingCoimbra, in size andCoimbra, shape, the of which depends upon different conditions related to stress. A basic is that dental is less influenced by than skeletal being consideredattainment the best indicator of chronological age in skeletal Therefore, the differenceassumption between skeletal and dental development provide a environment of growth and health indevelopment, a given population. In 2006, an excavation brought to light the of Santa Casaremains. da de Faro, Portugal (16th-19thcenturies) with developmentseveral phasesmay of funerary use,measure one of with 51 non-adult individuals, corresponding to new-borns received in the institutioncemetery by foundling wheel’sMisericórdia Such a skeletal offers a unique opportunity to the patternthem of skeletal and dental of individuals exposed to severe insults. For thismechanis purpose,m age means.-at-death was sample through skeletal and dental analysis. compare a paleopathological analysis of thedevelopment was immatureconducted. The obtained results showenvironmental a difference between dental and skeletal ages, giving theestimated skeletal younger ages than theFurthermore, dental ones, suggesting a delay in skeletal sample Such difference increased with age, which is consistent with a effect of growth constrains. Themethods results are in accordance with severe conditions, expected in andevelopment. orphanage where food and hygiene were scarce. Regarding paleopathology, the highcumulative frequency of porotic injuries and new bone deposition, particularly in the skeletonsenvironmental previously identified as for their age, corroborate the poor conditions experienced by the Santa Casa’s orphans. small Childhood development and adult longevity in archaeological British populations (AD950- 1855) Watts, Rebecca, University of Reading, Reading, England Through the recording of skeletal and dental indicators of non-specific stress (linear hypoplasia (LEH), reduced of the vertebral neural canal (VNC), and short lengths) it is possible to create a chronologymultiple of childhood health insults which covers the post-natal period enamelof around 6diameters of age until growth When applied tofemoral of adult skeletons the age-at- death distribution of the various stress can reveal how disruptions during specificdevelopment periodsfrom of childhoodmonths affected long-completion. health in past populations.samples This was applied to adult skeletons Barton-upon- Lincolnshiremarkers (n=467), and 13 London (n=956). Individualsdevelopment who died between 18-25term years of age had VNC method than individuals who lived into olderfrom adulthood (p<0.04).Humber, LEH and lengths did not show a consistent cemeteries smaller diameters 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 femoral

relationship with age-at-death. That these findings were observed in and both skeletal and in all periods attests to a biological which was not by changing conditions. It is therefore suggestedmales thatfemales the disruptionsfrom which constrainedsamples VNC growth werecemetery chronic in nature and affectedcommon the long- mechanism functioning of the moderated while defectsenvironmental were caused by brief disruptions which did not have a long- on health. term immune system, enamel term impact Brave New World of Agriculture in Southern Scandinavia. Better health for everyone?! Wetschei, Corina, of Physical Anthropology, University of Freiburg, Although considerable research has been devoted to general health effects of the foraging-to- transition in SouthernDepartment Scandinavia, rather less attention has been paid to the healthGermany challenges specifically experienced during that The working thesis for the Ph.D. study is thatfarming have been affected by health risks during transitional phases due to changes thatwomen occur during their lifespan” (Ftime.ields et al. 2009) as With the transition to agriculturalwomen subsistencemore new tasks and hazards appeared. led to higher fertility“physiological rates and reducedand hormonal birth intervals, referred to as the Neolithic Transition (Bocquetmen. -Appel 2002), while concurrently great burdens were on the bodies of NeolithicSedentism Starting point for this Ph.D. study is the archaeological and anthropological Demographic of Mesolithic and Neolithic Southern Scandinavia. By observing not only theimposed skeletal for typical palaeopathologicalwomen. health indices (e.g. hypoplasia, harris lines, degenerativematerial joint diseases) but also the biocultural and conditions of the populations’ healthsample a detailed will be available forenamel possible health consequences in prehistory and history. Knowledge of prehistoric health isenvironmental of great for later analyses of life expectancy andmore comprehension References: [1]Bocquet-Appel JP (2002) Paleoanthropological Traces of a Neolithic importance Transition. Current Anthropology 43(4):demography. 637-50. [2]Fields M et al.(2009) Sex and the agricultural transition: Dental health of early Journal of Dentistry and Oral HygieneDemographic 1(4):42-51.

Digital methods for analysis, visualizationfarming females. and documentation in paleopathology Helene, Archaeology and ancient history, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Digital have gained increasing in order to visualize and analyze osteologicalWilhelmson, data in recent years. Up til the last few years the principal utilization of these resources has been confinedmethods to special cases and beenimportance focused on document, and visualization. In pathology for projects such as digitized diseases (www.digitizeddiseases.org) have integrated3D in an online reference resource with visualization a documentation For osteology as a discipline thes examplee new (and currently quickly developing) digital technologies have a great potential to aid andmodeling develop the osteological analysis in preserving, accessing andprimary analyzing objective. In working with different and diverse of 3D (laser scanning, and 3DGIS) different potentials can be recognized to aid and enhance the osteological analysis beinginformation. efficient without being technically or financiallyforms modeling The different canphotogrammetry be useful in different respects both in the lab, specifically for paleopathology and in the field to help to integratetime the osteological analysis with the archaeologicaldemanding. context. This discussion ismethods illustrated by specific cases involving the different in order to describe the potential as well as results and experiences derived methods Hip disorders in prehistoric populations of Austria from them. Wiltschke-Schrotta, Karin Anthropology, Natural History Vienna, Vienna, Austria Changes of bone architecture resulting long survived hip disorders are rarely seen today, because these hip disorders are usually corrected by Museumphysical or like extra from 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 immediately mechanical treatments

diapering of babies, fixations of displaced parts during puberty, and in case of destruction by joint In archaeological context we do find bone untreated hip disorders which led to a long rebuilding process due to the daily permanent load. The replacements. is a like head or a shallowformations hip joint.from Differentmostly causations can lead to these of theterm hip joint like osteoarthritic changes, Leggmechanical- -Perthes disease,most remarquableslipped capitaloutcome epiphysis,mushroom femoralnecrosis, secondary osteoarthritis, idiopathic coxa vara and neurological disorders.deformations Even though the changes are pretty obvious,Calvé these disorders of the hip are rarely seenfemoral in of prehistoricischemic populations. In this presentation an case in Klosterneuburg will be morphological and the differential diagnosis will be discussed. In addition results remains cases with hip in a Celtic (450-300 BC) groupimpressive from and RomanPeriod the Avar Period (630-800 AD) are presenteddemonstrated and set into context with published data of hip disorders from Period (200-400deformations AD). Prevalence rates and diagnostic criteriafrom are Dürrnbergdiscussed. In anyfrom of these prehistoric groups Austria hip joint are rare disorders. Nevertheless we show thatfrom suchRoman data can be used for population studies as well as for discussion of possible social to the individuals of thesefrom populations. deformations impactsA Probable Case of Mucopolysacchridosis in Medieval Skeleton from South Korea Woo, Eun Jin, Bioanthropology Laboratory, Seoul National University, Korea; Hyunwoo, Jung, Bioanthropology Laboratory, Seoul National University, Korea; Sunyoung Pak, Bioanthropology Laboratory, Seoul National University, Korea Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of heritable diseases characterized by in the cells, fibroblasts and chondrocytes that synthesize To date, cases of MPS are very rare findings in archaeologicalbiochemical skeletons. The abnormalitiesskeletal dysplasia by mesenchymalMPS has never beenmainly elaborately The purpose of this research is to report amucopolysaccharides. probable case of MPS in a burial the Eunpyeong site, Seoul, South Korea. In order to the pathological lesions of the skeleton, examined. and radiographs and CT- scans analysis were carried out. Thefrom consists ofcemetery the and portions of theexamine upper The skull is brachycephalic with marcoscopicvery pronouncedexamination frontal and parietal bossing. The of the individual shows severespecimen pathological changes,cranium, affectingmandible, both the diaphysissome and the epiphysis. limbs.The both are short with excessively angulated deltoid tuberosity. The humerus heads have severe of the articular surface with pitting of the subchondral plate. The heads are irregularhumeri and ruggedabnormally on its surface and there are deep cavities in its center. Moreover, the headhumeral of the left is directedmalformation so that the posterior surface of diaphysis is displaced The general appearance of the both is undoubtedly indicative of achondroplasia.humerus However, the posteromedially of the heads suggests an failure in themedially. of the epiphysis. This aspect ishumeri with conditions seen in abnormal morphology humeral almost complete This work wasdevelopment supported by the National Research Foundationmore ofcompatible Korea Grant funded by the Korean mucopolysaccharidosis. (NRF-2012S1A5B4A01035713).

GovernmentIntestinal Parasites in a mid-14th Century Latrine from Riga, Latvia: Fish Tapeworm and the Consumption of Uncooked Fish in the Medieval Eastern Baltic Region. Yeh, Hui-Yuan, Division of Biological Anthropology, of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of The Henry Building, Street, CB2 1QH, UK; Aleks Pluskowski, ofArchaeology, UniversityDepartment of Reading, Whiteknights,Reading, RG6 6AB, UK; Uldis Cambridge. Architectural InvestigationWellcome Group Ltd, Riga,Fitzwilliam Latvia; Piers D.Cambridge Mitchell, Division of Biological Anthropology,Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of The Kalējs, 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014 Department Cambridge.

Henry Building, Street, CB2 1QH The of this study was to investigate faecal latrine in the coastal town of Riga (Latvia)Wellcome in order to identifyFitzwilliam the intestinalCambridge parasites present within the population. We identified largeaim of the eggs of three species of parasiticmaterial intestinalfrom a medieval that affect - fish (Diphyllobothrium latum), (Trichuris trichiura), and (Ascaris lumbricoidesnumbers). The fish evidence that theworms population was eatinghumans large oftapeworm uncooked fish (perhaps raw, whipworm or pickled) since cooking prevents roundwormparasite ELISA analysis identified the presencetapeworm of the parasitedemonstrates Entamoeba histolytica, which causes dysenteryamounts in and cysts weresmoked, also noted on Scanty of eggstransmission. parasites affecting were also identified, horse (Oxyuris equi), a protozoan parasite humans,that affects ofEntamoeba poultry, cattle, and rodents (Eimeriamicroscopy. sp.), a numbers of from (Strongyloides papillosusfarm) andanimals a of (Paramphistomumnamely pinworm sp.). This shows that either that the population was eating intestines (offal), or that a nematode worm of ruminants dung found its way into the latrines. We discussflatworm the ruminants of these findings for our knowledge of intestinal parasiteshuman in coastal areas of animal Baltic region, of food small amount of hygiene,animal and of the affects of the parasites upon the health ofimplications those living in Riga, the city in the crusader state of Livonia. the medieval consumption, medieval most important Molecular analysis of possible brucellosis cases from different sites in Southwestern Germany Zink, Albert, Institute for and the EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Mi-Ra Institute for and the EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Giovanna Cipollini, Institute for andMummies the EURACIceman, research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Niall O Sullivan, InstituteKim, for Mummies and the Iceman,EURAC research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Iris A und O - AnthropologieMummies und Iceman, Praxis 81245 Martin Mummies A und O - AnthropologieIceman, und Praxis Trautmann, 81245 Wahl,Osteoarchäologie, f ü Stuttgart, r Bioarchäologie, München, Germany; Arbeitsstelle Konstanz,Trautmann, Osteologie, 78467 Konstanz, Osteoarchäologie, Frank Maixner, Institutef ü r Bioarchäologie, for and theMünchen, EURACGermany; research,Joachim 39100 Bolzano,Regierungspräsidium Italy Landesamt f ü r Denkmalpflege, Brucellosis is a disease that is generallyGermany; difficult to diagnose in paleopathologicalMummies SeveralIceman, alterations, in particular lytic lesions at the anterior vertebral bodies, have been discussed to be potentially specific for an infection with pathogens of the genus Brucella. However,specimens. other infectious diseases,morphological such as tuberculosis show changes. The of this study was to analyze possible brucellosis cases with in order to alterations with the genetic evidencemay for eithersimilar brucellosismorphological or tuberculosis. Weaim have analyzed a total of six skeletons originating the Earlymolecular Medieval sitesmethods, of Sulz Eck (4),compare Niederstotzingen(1)morphological and the Neolithic site Schwieberdingen (1), all located in South-Western All skeletons showed alterationsfrom that were assigned during differentialam diagnosis to probable brucellosis infections. For the analysis were taken allGermany. skeletons and analyzed in our ancient DNAmorphological facility in Bolzano, Italy. Following DNA extraction the were tested with differentmolecular specific genetic regionssamples of Brucella pathogensfrom and the tuberculosis Positive products were subsequentlyspecimens sequenced and the results wereprimers amplifyingto available databases. Two out of the four Sulz Eck and theMycobacterium case complex.Niederstotzingen wereamplification negative for brucellosis, but were tested positive for tuberculosis. Thecompared Neolithic Schwieberdingen provided samples form evidenceam for both infectiousfrom diseases. Further genetic analysis are planned, in particular next-generation sequencing, to get a better picture of the presencespecimen offrom different pathogens in these some molecular that probably will help to establish specific paleopathological criteria for the detection of brucellosis in ancient skeletons. samples 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

AUTHOR INDEX

Page(s) E- 24 Albrecht,Name Trenna 37 mail Agnew, AmandaRaili 10 Alt, Kurt 32, 35 AlvesAllmae, Cardoso, Francisca 10 [email protected]@tlu.ee 28 19 Aranda,Ambrosetti, Claudia JB 28 Arge,Antonio, Sara Telmo 40 Austin, Alexandra 41 Bastir, Markus 42 Bedford, Stuart 16 Bekvalac, Jelena 11 Berezina, Natalia 12, 47 Besra, Gurdyal 33 [email protected] Bhatt, Apoorva 33 [email protected] Binois, Annelise 12 -paris10.fr Blažeričius, Povilas 25 27 [email protected] Bos, Kirsten 13 Boston,Boeni, Thomas Ceridwen 13, 14 [email protected] Botha, Deona 14 [email protected] Boyer, Charlotte 15, 40 Bradley, Daniel 37 [email protected] Barbara 15 [email protected] Buckberry, Jo 15 [email protected] Buckley,Bramanti, Hallie 16 [email protected] Buikstra, Jane 13 [email protected] Buzhilova, Alexandra 16 [email protected] Ylva 11 Caeiro, José 42 [email protected] Caffell,Bäckström, Anwen 43 [email protected] Capelli, Nicolas 18 Ceberg, Crister 17 Cipollini, Giovanna 30, 56 34 [email protected] Coia, Valentina 30 Collier,Clamer, Larissa Christa 17 Collins, Matthew 23 [email protected] 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Conlogue, Jerry 11 Cook, Della Collins 18 [email protected] Cooper, Christina 27 Curate, Francisco 19 Côté, Nathalie 18 nathalie.cote@univ- de Boer, HH 31, 50 [email protected] Dinarés, Rosa 21 fcomte.fr Donoghue, Helen 33 Drew, Rose 19 42 11 [email protected] Ferreira,Estalrrich, Maria Almudena 52, 53 FilipekFarmer,-Ogden, M Kori 43 Fjellströ 26 Flies, Mitchell 29 m, M 16 Friederich, Susanne 35 Gagneux,Foster, Aimee Sebastian 13 Garcia, Susana 20 García-Tabernero, Antonio 42 Geber, Jonny 20 [email protected]@iscsp.ulisboa.pt Geidel, Sebastian 29 Geigl, Eva-Maria 18 Golloher, M 45 Gowland, Becky 43 Grange, Thierry 18 Gray, Andrew 16 Guede, David 42 20 Haeusler, Martin 27 Haller,Haelm, MagdalenaJuliane 29 [email protected] Harkins, Kelly 13 Hendy, Jessica 23 Henneberg, Maciej 37 Herbig, Alexander 13 Herrerin, Jesus 21 Honsglo Vala, Cecilie 26 Hughet, Rosa 42 [email protected] 34 [email protected] Hyunwoo, Jung 55 Humbert, JB 11 Jackowski, Christian 34 Ingvarsson Sundström, Anne [email protected] 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Jakob, Tina 22, 43 [email protected] Jakobsen, Lykke Schrøder 23 [email protected] Jakobsson, M 26 25 Johannesdottir, Erna 23 [email protected] Judd,Jankauskas, Margaret Rimantas 41 [email protected] arijana 24 Justus, Hedy 24 Jørkov,Jukić, M Marie Louise 15, 24 [email protected] Kalējs, Uldis 55 [email protected] Kara, Levent 34 [email protected] Kessler-Ison, Erika 25 -Ra 30, 56 25 Kim, Mi-suk 25 Kim, Myeung Ju 25 [email protected] Kinaston,Kim, Yi Rebecca 16 King,Kim, Yusu Gary 25 26 27 Krause,Kjellström, Johannes Anna 13, 30 [email protected] Landis,Kramis, Sabine Simon 27 [email protected]@irm.unibe.ch Laub, Richard 33 Lazarov, Nikolai 35 Le Bailly, Matthieu 18 Lee, In Sun 23 Lee, Oona 33 Lidén, K 26 Ljunggren, Ö 26 Llidó, Susana 42 Lopes, Célia 28 Lorkiewicz, Wieslaw 48 Lösch, Sandra 27, 34, 51 Lovén, C 26 Lucas Powell, Mary 28 [email protected] Luna, Leandro 28 Lynnerup, Niels 23, 29, 40 [email protected] Mailler- 34 Maixner, Frank 29, 30, 37, 38, 56 Mank, EliseBurch, Simone 31, 50 Matos, Vitor 19, 31 [email protected] Maus, Uwe 32 [email protected] [email protected] 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Meller, Harald 35 Meyer, Anja 32 Meyer, Christian 32 Mikulski, R 45 [email protected] Milner, George 33 [email protected]@email.de Minnikin, David 33 Mitchell, Piers 34, 35 34 [email protected] Neves, Maria 52 [email protected] Nicklisch,Moghaddam, Nicole Negahnaz 35 [email protected]@irm.unibe.ch Nikolova, Silviya 35, 49 [email protected] Novotny, Friederike 36 -wien.ac.at Nowakowski, Dariusz 37, 48 [email protected] Ogilvie, Denise 37 friederike.novotny@nhm Oh, Chang 25 Oladóttir Arge, Sára 15 Onstein, Suzanne 21 Oostra, RJ 31, 50 36 O’Sullivan, Niall 29, 30, 37, 56 Pak,O’Mahoney, Sunyoung Thomas 55 Paladin, Alice 29, 38 [email protected] Panhuysen, Raphaël 38 Pany-Kucera, Doris 39 -wien.ac.at Paredes, Joana 53 [email protected] Pastor, F 42 doris.pany@nhm Pedersen, Dorthe Dangvard 39 [email protected] Pluskowski, Aleks 55 Prag, Kay 34 15, 40 41 Primeau, Charlotte (Charlie) 36 [email protected] Quintelier, Kim 35 [email protected] Reckard,Ramsl, Peter Virginia 21 Redfern,Ramsthaler, Rebecca Frank 41 21 Rios, Luis 42, 45 [email protected] Risser,Redman, Daniele Tiffany 50 Risy, Ronald 50 [email protected] Roberts, Charlotte 43 Robles, Fernando 19 [email protected]

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Robson-Brown, Kate 23 Rosa, Sérgio 19 Rosas, Antonio 42 Rothschild, Bruce 33 Rühli, Frank 27 Salo, Kati 44 [email protected] 21 Sanchis- 42 Santos,Sánchez, Ana Miguel Luisa 20, 28, 31 [email protected] Gimeno, Juan 45 Sarkic, Natasa 21 Saqqa, Miriam 30 Schulting, Rick 45 [email protected]@yahoo.com Schutkowski,Schuenemann, Holger Verena 45 Schwarz, Laura Sophia 46 50 [email protected] Shalabi, A 26 [email protected] Shin,Seltenhammer, Dong Monika 23, 26 Shvedchikova, Tatiana 46, 47 Sinnott, Catherine 14 45 [email protected] Spannagl, Michaela 47 -wien.ac.at Speith,Sołtysiak, Nivien A 45 Spriggs, Matthew 16 michaela.spannagl@nhm Sten, S 26 [email protected] Stone, Anne 13 Svendsen, Ida 15 Tancock, Devon 43 Tavares, Ana 19 Teasdale, Matthew 37 Teschler-Nicola, Maria 36, 47 Teul, Iwona 48 Tilley, Lorna 43 Toneva, Diana 35, 49 [email protected] Tornberg, Anna 49 [email protected] Trancik, Viera 27, 51 [email protected] 56 56 Trautmann, Iris 29 VanTrautmann, De Vijver, Martin Katrien 49 [email protected] VanTumler, Der DanielaMerwe, A.E. 31, 50

[email protected] 20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014

Velissaris, Julian 50 Verlinden, Petra 51 Versluis, JM 31 Vigano, Claudia 52 [email protected]@gmail.com Villa, Chiara 15 26 30, 56 WalserVretemark, III, Joe M 22 Warkentin,Wahl, Joachim Elizabeth 21 Wasterlain, Sofia 52, 53 [email protected]@gmail.com Watts, Rebecca 53 Western, AG 11 Wetschei, Corina 54 corina.wetschei@[email protected] -freiburg.de 54 Wiltschke-Schrotta, Karin 54 -wien.ac.at Woo,Wilhelmson, Eun Jin Helene 55 [email protected]@ark.lu.se Wu, Houdini 33 karin.wiltschke@nhm Yeh, Hui-Yuan (Ivy) 34, 55 Yordanov, Yordan 35 Zebisch, Marc 29 [email protected] Zink, Albert 29, 30, 37, 38, 56 [email protected]

20th European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Lund, Sweden, 2014