Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas Facultad De Artes Asab Proyecto Curricular De Artes Musicales

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Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose De Caldas Facultad De Artes Asab Proyecto Curricular De Artes Musicales UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSE DE CALDAS FACULTAD DE ARTES ASAB PROYECTO CURRICULAR DE ARTES MUSICALES 4 DISEÑOS DE LATIN JAZZ & CUMBIA PARA BANDA DE JAZZ LATINO BRANDOM NAVARRO MORENO 2018 UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSE DE CALDAS FACULTAD DE ARTES ASAB PROYECTO CURRICULAR DE ARTES MUSICALES 4 DISEÑOS DE LATIN JAZZ & CUMBIA PARA BANDA DE JAZZ LATINO BRANDOM NAVARRO MORENO COD. 20141098112 ENFASIS EN GUITARRA ACUSTICA MODALIDAD: CREACIÓN – INTERPRETACIÓN DIRECTOR: PEDRO ANGEL BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA OCTUBRE DE 2018 ‘’Agradezco a Dios primeramente por brindarme el incomprendido regalo de la música que alienta, inspira, y enseña. A mis padres, hermanos y amigos por el apoyo incondicional. A mi maestro Pedro Ángel, por las largas horas de estudio y charla donde escuchando, aprendí el valor del conocimiento. A mis demás maestros que impulsaron en mí, una iniciativa de crear y atrever a construir con lo que tengo. A mis compañeros que hicieron posible el montaje de mis obras’’ El autor. 3 RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo propone la creación de cuatro temas de latin jazz fusionado con cumbia, para guitarra acústica como instrumento principal, contando con un formato de banda jazz: percusión latina, conga, bongoes, timbal y batería. En la sección de armonía: piano, guitarra y bajo; con metales como trompeta y trombón, con el apoyo profuso de un saxofón tenor. Este texto permitirá mostrar las herramientas, no solo interpretativas, sino también teóricas y compositivas aportadas por parte de distintos espacios dados en la universidad. Por otra parte, en el escrito se incursiona sobre el contexto histórico del latin jazz, acerca de su consolidación como género musical y sus distintas vertientes. De esta misma manera (sobre éste contexto histórico) con la cumbia colombiana y en qué momento, y de qué forma estas dos ramas musicales se entrelazaron en la historia. PALABRAS CLAVES: latin jazz, cumbia, jazz, guitarra acústica, improvisación, fusión, cultura musical. ABSTRACT This paper proposes the creation of four themes of Latin jazz fused with cumbia with acoustic guitar as the principal instrument. It has a format of band jazz; conga, bongo, Latin timbal and drum set. In the harmony section the proposed format includes keyboard, guitar and bass. As for the brass section, trumpet, trombone and tenor saxophone are included. This text will allow for the tools to be shown, not only those of interpretative nature but also those that are theoretical and compositional, which were contributed by the different spaces the university has to offer. On the other side, this paper explores the historical context of Latin jazz, its consolidation as a musical genre and its various expressions and trends. Moreover, Colombian cumbia is given a similar treatment in order to show how those two musical branches were intertwined. KEY WORDS: Latin jazz, cumbia, jazz, acoustic guitar, improvisation, fusion, musical culture. 4 5 TABLA DE CONTENIDO Portada Agradecimiento……………………………………………………………………………..3 Resumen………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Introducción.………………………………………………………………………………….6 Justificación……………………………………………………………………………………7 Objetivo general, objetivos específicos y pregunta problema…………8 Marco referencial…………………………………………………………………………..9 1. Mingus, un referente……………………………………………………………………11 2. Definición del jazz latino……………………………………………………………….14 2.1 Raíces del jazz latino ……………………………………………………………..16 2.2 Jazz latino siglo XX………………………………………………………………….18 2.3 Rumba y conga……………………………………………………………………….20 2.4 Jazz: nuevo residente en el caribe………………………………………….23 2.5 Be-bop, influencia directa……………………………………………………...25 2.6 Son y el apogeo de mambo…………………………………………………….26 2.7 Latinos…………………………………………………………………………………….27 2.8 Percusión: alma del jazz latino………………………………………………..28 2.9 Genero consolidado………………………………………………………………..29 3. Cumbia y latin jazz en Colombia…………………………………………………….37 4. Diseño de obras…………………………………………………………………………….46 4.1 Latin cumbia…………………………………………………………………………...46 4.2 Timbalerito………………………………………………………………………………48 4.3 La cumbia del flaco Navarro…………………………………………………….49 4.4 Veneno……………………………………………………………………………………52 5. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………………………….54 Anexos…………………………………………………………………………………………..55 Referencias bibliográficas……………………………………………………………..59 Figuras………………………………………………………………………………………….60 6 INTRODUCCIÓN ANTECEDENTES Desde corta edad el autor de este texto, veía la guitarra inmersa en su ámbito social y familiar ya que por parte de su abuelo paterno (quien tenía un trío de cuerdas) en las reuniones familiares tocaban y cantaban no solo boleros de la época, sino bambucos, pasillos, valses y cumbia. Por eso, y por gusto propio a la guitarra acústica, decide estudiar música con énfasis guitarra clásica. Fue en su adolescencia que tuvo su primer acercamiento interpretativo con las músicas colombianas y, desde ese entonces, comprendió que la escuela de músicas tradicionales era muy compleja, muy rica y que iba a fortalecer su proceso como músico profesional. Su familiaridad con las sonoridades latinas como la salsa, el merengue y el son se debe a su padre, quien trabajó en una orquesta tropical cumpliendo con el rol de percusionista y las horas largas de reproducción de ésta música en su hogar provocaron un gusto irrevocable por estas sonoridades. Fue tardío su conocimiento del latin jazz (21 años) y en el primer momento que escuchó a Paul Jackson Jr. quien tocaba su guitarra acústica con una banda jazz que lo acompañaba en su interpretación, tuvo la iniciativa de realizar algo similar. Además de su familiaridad con las músicas tropicales por parte de su familia, actualmente Navarro hace parte de un grupo musical en una iglesia cristiana donde interpretan fusiones entre tropi-pop, salsa, vallenato, rock, balada, merengue y otros géneros musicales. Este escenario, además de brindarle experiencia musical, le permite experimentar, indagar y poder encontrarse con distintas formas de mezclar uno o más géneros musicales, que aportan herramientas directas a la realización de este proyecto. A su vez, en la universidad cursó 5 semestres de ensamble de latin jazz con los maestros Aurelio Caro y Ricardo Barrera, ambiente que le permitió entender de qué manera funciona el latin jazz, comprender los roles de cada instrumento, los distintos ciclos de cada tema, las reglas a respetar al momento de ensamblar algún tema de este género, el material que se puede implantar teniendo en cuenta el formato que se tenga a disposición, que ayudan y enriquecen su formación como intérprete y a este proyecto directamente. Abe Laboriel & friends (2005) es un video musical que consta de 15 canciones, producido por el grupo Worship Alliance en vivo desde Suiza, del compositor y bajista Abraham Laboriel. Este disco es reconocido entre los intérpretes de música Góspel en el que participan músicos de sesión famosos en la industria musical como, por ejemplo, el baterista Vinnie Colaiuta, el guitarrista Paul Jackson Jr., entre otros. En dicho disco podemos encontrar la canción ‘’Que Dios te bendiga’’ (1994) (pista número 9) donde la guitarra acústica de Laboriel es la protagonista. Dicho intérprete expone unos motivos y frases en forma solista y luego entra toda la banda integradoapor bajo, piano, batería y percusión latina, ofreciendo una mezcla entre el jazz y las sonoridades autóctonas de sur América, la cual da como resultado una fusión y un evento sonoro bastante rico en colores, matices y patrones rítmicos característicos del Caribe. 7 JUSTIFICACION El presente escrito se enfoca en la creación de 4 temas de latin jazz fusionados con cumbia para banda de jazz latino contando con la guitarra acústica como instrumento principal, donde se utilizan las técnicas del instrumento para interpretar sonoridades de jazz y la fusión de éste con ritmos como el son cubano, la salsa, la cumbia, entre otros. Podría decirse que la guitarra ha estado presente en muchas músicas populares cumpliendo el rol de acompañante, pero es en la academia donde se desarrolla su papel como solista, con condiciones rigurosas y estrictas, poco parecidas a la manera de interpretar la guitarra popular, en cuanto al ataque de las cuerdas, el uso de los dedos y las uñas para tañar las cuerdas, la misma posición de la guitarra sobre las piernas y etc. Son muy pocos los casos donde la guitarra aparece inmersa en esta gran nube de ritmos latinos populares con identidad jazz, por eso la realización de este proyecto. Por otro lado, su producción permite aplicar los temas vistos y obtenidos en distintas clases teóricas o prácticas a lo largo de proceso universitario del autor del texto, como por ejemplo, la armonía moderna, la forma de orquestar la sección de vientos, las escalas y los modos de improvisación y los ritmos mezclados o modulantes. Este texto académico pretende incentivar a la comunidad académica del Proyecto Curricular de Artes Musicales y otros proyectos de formación musical a acercarse a sus músicas tradicionales regionales para crear nuevas propuestas artísticas, implantando técnicas de sus instrumentos e interpretándolas con ellos, abriendo así la puerta a experimentar fusiones entre alguna música regional nacional y de otras regiones de Latinoamérica e incluso, otro género de otra latitud. Este tipo de trabajo interpretativo aportaría a sus lenguajes musicales muchas herramientas y a sus formaciones como intérpretes al adentrarse en un ámbito popular, pero desde la vista de sus propios instrumentos, podrían entender cómo funcionan otras músicas las cuales les son ajenas a sus rutinas de estudio.
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