LETTERS OF THE EMPRESS FREDERICK ~~­ ~...(SA,._~ ,g. •

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA • MADRAS MELBOURNE

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO DALLAS • SAN FRANCISCO

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LIMITED TORONTO 5fu 0 rnpnss ~redericL 1!)00 LETTERS OF THE EMPRESS FREDERICK

edited hy

·THE RIGHT HoNOuWLE SIR FREDERICK PONSONBY G.C.B., G.C.V.O.

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN•S STREET, LONDON

1~28 COPYRIGHT

First EditiM Oct6f.tr 1928 R'fri#ltd O&ttl6tr atrd N11W11thr 1928

PRJNTBD JN GREAT BRffAIN

IY ll. & ll. CLAP.IIt0 LnllTED, EDINBURGH PREFACE THE main purpose of this volume of the letters of the Empress Frederick has been to allow the Empress's own words to provide the answer to those cruel and slanderous accusations from which her memory has suffered. For this reason the running commentary necessary to enable the reader to understand the letters has been reduced to the minimum. These letters, while fairly representing the thoughts and opinions of the Empress, give but a very imperfect picture of her character and personality. An advanced thinker of strong liberal views, she hesitated to express such views freely to Queen Victoria, to whom she knew they would not be acceptable. Moreover, the Empress's many artistic activities had associated her with the world of art, where she had imbibed modern theories which did not appeal to the Queen. Consequently the letters hardly refer to those aesthetic tastes which were an outstanding feature in her life. The material available not being sufficient for a com­ plete biography, the best course seemed to be to concen­ trate entirely on the letters. It may be urged that a publication must be premature in which, for judicious reasons, some interesting material has to be suppressed. On the other hand, to delay the production of these letters would be to postpone them for a new generation to whom v LETIERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK the Empress Frederick would be unknown except as an historic figure. The letters speak for themselves. They represent a regular weekly, almost daily, correspondence, character­ ised by the same dutiful tone on the part of the Empress and the same afFectionate wisdom from Queen Victoria. In this volume of letters reference is made to more recent publications containing allusions to the Empress and in the majority of cases acknowledgment is made in the footnote. This, however, does not apply to several letters from Queen Victoria to the Empress and from the Empress to Queen Victoria which have already appeared in The Letters of Queen Yzctoria, edited by Mr. George Earle Buckle, and my thanks are due to Sir John Murray for permission to make use of this material. The papers of my father, the late Sir Henry Ponsonby, contained letters which, though fragmentary, throw side­ lights on the subjects discussed by the Empress : these have also been included. To the Honourable Mrs. Hovell I am indebted for many details connected with her husband's experiences at San Remo and also for allowing me to see the papers and newspaper cuttings she had collected dealing with the Emperor Frederick's illness. To many friends I am indebted for advice, but par­ ticularly to Sir Rennell Rodd who found time to read through the proofs and make many valuable suggestions. Having been an intimate friend of the Empress Frederick and Secretary of Embassy in Berlin during the most in­ teresting part of her life, there is no one living who has a more intimate knowledge of the history of Germany during that period. I am under a great obligation to Mr. S. F. Markham, M.A., for the invaluable assistance he vi PREFACE gave me. I have also to thank Mr. A. V. Marten for having undertaken the arduous task of transcribing the letters, and finally my thanks are due to Mr. Emery Walker for the very artistic reproductions he has made of the photo­ graphs of the Empress Frederick. F. E. G. PONSONBY.

vii INTRODUCTION THE circumstances under which the letters of the Empress Frederick came into my possession are so exceptional and even dramatic that I make no apology for giving them in detail. Soon after King Edward came to the throne in 1901, the accounts of the Empress Frederick's health be­ gan to be alarming, and as she was his favourite sister, he decided to go and stay with her for a week at Friedrichshof, near Cronberg. He took with him Sir Francis Laking, his physician in ordinary, and myself as Equeny and Private Secretary. The addition of Sir Francis Laking to his suite was very much resented not only by the German doctors attending the Empress, who rightly thought she was past all medical aid, but also by the Emperor's suite, who considered his presence to be a slur on the German medical profession. It was, however, the King's idea that possibly Sir Francis Laking might do something to mitigate her terrible sufferings by ad­ minis~ering narcotics in larger doses than the German doctors were accustomed to give. Mter I had been at Friedrichschof for three days, I received a message that the Empress wished to see me in the evening at six o'clock. At the hour named I went upstairs and was shown into her sitting-room where I found her propped up with cushions ; she looked as if 6 h LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK she had just been taken off the rack after undergoing tor­ ture. The nurse signed to me to sit down and whispered that the Empress would he better in a moment as she had been given an injection of morphia. I sat down feeling very helpless in the presence of so much suffering, and waited. Suddenly the Empress opened her eyes and began to speak. How did I like Friedrichschof? What did I think of it ? Had I seen all her art treasures ? The im­ pression that I was talking to a dying woman vanished and I was suddenly conscious that I had to deal with a person who was very much alive and alert. We talked of the South African War and of the way it was being mis­ represented in Europe, and we discussed the political situation in England. She asked searching questions about the King's position as a constitutional monarch and ex­ pressed her admiration of our constitution, but after a quarter of an hour this intense conversation and hurricane of questions seemed to tire her and she closed her eyes. I remained silent, uncertain whether I ought not leave the room. Just then the nurse came in and said I had been over twenty minutes and that I really must go. " A few minutes more ", said the Empress, and the nurse appar­ ently consented, for she left the room. After a pause the Empress opened her eyes and said, " There is something I want you to do for me. I want you to take charge of my letters and take them with you back to England." When I expressed my readiness to undertake their custody she seemed pleased and went on in a dreamy sort of way : " I will send them to you at one o'clock to-night and I know I can rely on your discretion. I don't want a soul to know that they have been taken away and certainly Willie [her son, the Emperor William II.] must not have them, nor must he ever know you have got them." X INTRODUCTION Our conversation was again interrupted by the en­ trance of the nurse, who explained that the Empress had said "a few minutes, conversation, and I had been with her for over half an hour. This time there was no doubt I had to go and so I retired to my room wondering if the Empress had said all that there was to be said on the subject. I dined as usual with King Edward. On this occasion the German Emperor, the Duchess of Sparta (afterwards Queen of the Hellenes), Princess Frederick. Charles of Hesse (both daughters of the Empress), Countess Per­ poncher, Count Eulenhurg, General von Kessel, General von Scholl, Rear-Admiral von Miiller, Count Hohenau and the German doctors Renvers and Spielhagen were also present. Mter dinner we talked till about eleven, when everyone went to bed. I went to my bedroom and started work. There was so much to do that the time passed quickly. This was the first time King Edward had gone abroad since he had ascended the throne. Prior to his accession one Equerry had been able to attend to his correspond­ ence, etc., during his visits abroad, and at first he was under the impression that there would be no necessity to increase the number now that he was king. But, as he found out later, it was a totally different proposition, and the work was really more than one man could do. In addition to his official boxes and letters, the ciphering and deciphering of telegrams, and the arrangement for the Foreign Office ·King's Messengers, there were the requisition of special trains, instructions to the royal yacht and the escort of cruisers, the ordering of guards of honour and the mass of small detail connected with any continental journey. But what made all this doubly diffi- xi LEITERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK cult was the fact that I had to accompany the King whenever he went out and that often he was out all the afternoon. I had no shorthand clerk in those days and therefore it meant writing till 2. A.M. every night. The castle clock boomed one and I waited expect­ antly, but there was dead silence, and I was coming to the conclusion that I had either misunderstood or that some unforeseen obstacle had prevented the letters reach­ ing me, when I heard a quiet knock on my door. I said " Herein ", and four men came in carrying two boxes about the size of portmanteaux, and covered with black oilcloth. The cords round them were quite new and on each box was a plain white label with neither riame nor address. I noticed that the men wore blue serge breeches and long riding boots and I came to the conclusion that they were not trusted retainers but stablemen quite ignor­ ant of what the boxes contained. They put the two boxes down and retired without saying a word. It now dawned on me that I had undertaken no easy task, and I began to wonder how I was to get such large boxes back to England without anyone suspecting their contents. I had assumed, perhaps not unnaturally, that the expression " letters " meant a packet of letters that I should have no difficulty in concealing in one of my port­ manteaux. But these large corded boxes were quite an­ other matter and the problem of getting them back to England required careful thought. To adopt any method of concealment and to attempt to smuggle them away was to court disaster, as the whole place was full of secret police, but on the other hand, to account for these boxes which had apparently dropped from the skies was no easy matter. I therefore wrote on the label of one " Books with care " and on the other " China with care ", with xii INTRODUCTION my private address, and determined to place them in the passage with my empty boxes without any attempt at concealment. The next morning my servant was astonished to find this weighty addition to my luggage, hut I explained in an offhand way that they were things I had bought in Homburg, and that I wanted them placed in the passage. Perhaps even this was injudicious, as the first thing that happened was a visit from King Edward's courier, M. Fehr, who said that strict instructions had been given to the servants that nothing was to he allowed to come into the castle unless it was passed by himself or the Emperor's Chief of Police; yet in spite of all these precautions he found that two boxes of goods from Homburg had reached me without anyone knowing anything about them! This was very awkward, and I felt I was making a had start. I told him that Custom House officers were bad enough, but if he began to make trouble before I started I should never get the goods into England. " It is at the Custom House I want your help, not here," I said in an aggrieved voice. Under the impression that the boxes contained something contraband and that I in­ tended to invoke his aid to get them through the Custom House he became very confidential and said I could rely on his help. So the boxes remained with my other lug· gage and were seen by everyone who passed along that passage. On March 1, I!}OI, we left Friedrichshof to return to London. That day a party of soldiers from the garrison was employed to carry all the luggage down. I was talking to the Emperor in the hall at the time and out of the comer of my eye I could see the procession of soldiers carrying portmanteaux, suit-cases, despatch boxes, etc. ; xili LE'ITERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK when these two black boxes came past they looked so different from the rest of the lu&,~e that I became nervous lest someone should inquire what they were, but no one appeared to notice them, and the Emperor went on talking. When they disappeared from the hall I breathed again, but not for long because, as ill-luck would have it, they were the last to be placed on the wagon which stood in front of the '\\indows of the great hall, and there seemed something wrong with the tarpaulin cover. The other wagons were covered up, but this particular wagon remained uncovered '\\ith these two boxes with their new cords and labels staring at me. The Emperor, however, was holding forth on some subject that interested him, and naturally everyone, including myself, listened atten­ tively. It was a great relief when I at last saw the tar­ paulin cover draw-n over the luggage and a few minutes later heard the wagon rumble away. After I arrived in England I took the two boxes to my private house, Cell Farm at Old Windsor, and locked them up. On August 5, 1901, the Empress Frederick died at Friedrichshof, Cronberg, and the funeral took place on the 13th. It was a long-drau-n-out ceremony beginning '\\ith a service in the little church at Cronberg, after which the body was taken by train to Potsdam where the final service was held. King Eel-ward this time took "·ith him Lord Clarendon (the Lord Chamberlain), Admiral Sir John Fullerton, Major-General Sir Stanley Clarke, the Honourable Sidney Greville, and myself as Private Secretary. One evening after dinner Count Eulenburg, the head of the Emperor's household, took me aside and said he wanted to speak to me quite confidentially. He e..'tplained xiv INTRODUCTION that when the Empress Frederick died, no letters or papers had been found, although a thorough search had been made, and the Emperor wished me to ascertain, '\\'ithout making too much of it, whether by chance these letters were in the archives at Windsor. To give some idea of how thorough the search was at Cronberg, Sir Arthur Da\'idson, who happened to be at Homburg at the time and who drove out to Friedrichshof, told me that the grounds were all surrounded by cavalry and the casde itself by special police, while competent searchers ran­ sacked every room. I replied that there would be no difficulty about this and that I would write at once to lord Esher, who was Keeper of the Archives. I accordingly did so, knowing full well that Lord Esher was quite unaware of the exist­ ence of these letters, and in due course I received a reply saying that they were certainly not in the archives. This I forwarded to Count Eulenburg, who wrote a short note thanking me for all the trouble I had taken. Some years later I had another C0¥1versation with him on the subject and he seemed then to suspect that I was in some way connected with the disappearance of these letters. He asked me several questions about my visit to F riedrichshof, all of which I was able to answer with candour, although I was conscious at the time that these questions were merely the preliminary overtures to more searching and precise inquiries. Fortunately we were interrupted before we got down to the pith of the matter and I was saved from embarrassing questions. So d1e letters have remained undisturbed for the last t\\·enty-seven years, and during all this time the question what the Empress intended me to do with them has con­ stantly occurred to me. Obviously I was not meant to XV LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK bum them, because she could easily have done this herself had she wanted to do so. With every desire to carry out the wishes of a dying woman, I wanted to make sure that I was righdy interpreting them, but there was no one who could throw any light on the matter ; no one to whom the Empress had confided her intentions. There seems no doubt that her letters to Queen Victoria must have been sent out from England to her at Friedrichshof, and the question therefore arises why did she send for these letters when she must have known she had not long to live ? The theory that she intended to look through them and select some for publication is strengthened by the fact that occasionally whole pages are rendered undecipher­ able with erasures. This must have been her work, and if this is the case it is clear that she wished to erase certain passages from the letters before they were eventually published. The fact that she should have sent for these letters, looked through them, deleted passages, and finally , have sent them back to England seems to point to her having contemplated their publication. Having come to the conclusion that the time had arrived when the letters must be sent away to prevent their being destroyed, she thought she could not do better than entrust them to me. I was not only her god­ son and the son of one of her greatest friends, but I would have exceptional facilities for taking them to England. The curious part is that she should not have confided her intention to her brother, King Edward, or given him any hint of what she had in her mind. Presumably the fact that her letters to Queen Victoria had been sent out to her must have been known by King Edward and, therefore, if she merely intended to send them back to xvi INTRODUCUON the archives, it would only have been natural for her to entrust them to her brother. That she did not do so points to her having wished something more done with them, something which she feared would not meet with his approval. Whether she intended to see me again in order to explain her intentions or whether, if the nurse had not interrupted us, she would have done so at the time, must necessarily remain hypotheses that can never be veri1ied. The most probable theory is that when Bismarck's Reminiscences was published and other contemporary memoirs appeared, she writhed under the criticisms of her conduct and objected to the part she was depicted as having played in German politics. She therefore was determined that her side of the question should at least have a hearing and she intended to select certain letters and edit them for publication, at the same time obliterat­ ing any passages that were indiscreet and which time had proved to be inaccurate. Her terrible illness made this impossible, and all she was able to do was to erase certain passages. Finding that her end was approaching, she determined to confide her intentions to me, but circum­ stances prevented her from doing more than giving me the letters. It seems quite inconceivable that if I was merely to hand them back to the King or put them back in the archives, she should not have said so at once or have spoken to her brother on the subject, more especially as she saw him daily during his visit. On looking through the letters that had been en­ trusted to my care I found the following letter or memor­ andum that had been written to Queen Victoria a few months after the death of the Emperor Frederick.1 1 TI1e date would appear to be about September 1.3, 1888. xvii LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK

MEMOB.ANDUlof CONCERNING THE CoLLECI'JNG OF MATERIAL FOR A LIFE OF FRITZ As I have never kept a diary the only documents of the thirty years of our married life that exist are my letters to dear Mama, and my correspondence with Fritz. Dear Mama could do me the most immense service, if she would let someone most trustworthy and discreet (under Sir Th. Martin's supervision) be allowed to make extracts from my letters to her concerning the political events, also matters of the court and our life here, etc., with a view to my having selections made and translated-from those extracts later. If dear :Mama would allow this to be set about soon, it would be a great service to me. My letters to Stockinar are all burnt, those to Countess Blucher also. I must not let the matter rest, I may die any day, and the truth which is being so systematically smothered and twisted must be put down some­ where, no matter whether it be published in my lifetime or no. I feel that my memory has suffered terribly by the shock I have sustained and by the sorrow which seems to have shaken the very foundations of my being. I can still remember things which I might not remember later. I ought at least to begin to arrange my material. I should be very thankful if dear :Mama could help me in this way.

This seems to confum the theory that the Empress wished her version of events published and that she even considered the possibility of publication during her life­ time. Mter her death in I9QI, I came to the conclusion that it was not in her interests that these letters should then be published. Even assuming they had been entrusted to me for this purpose, I felt that these wishes had not been expressed with sufficient clearness to warrant my attempt­ ing any immediate publication. These letters have therefore remained untouched dur­ ing the last twenty-seven years, and it was only the con­ tinual reference to and criticism of the Empress Frederick xviii INTRODUCTION in recent publications that led me to reconsider my re­ sponsibility in the matter. These criticisms have been so bitter and so unjust that in the interests of historic truth, to say nothing of the memory of the Empress Frederick, I came to the conclusion that these ietters should now be published.

xix CONTENTS CHAPTER I ..... Bm.m, E.o'UC.A.nON AND M.u.Ru.cE • I CHAPTER D

E..u.L Y YEARS IN Pa11SSIA I) CHAPTERm Tn AuSillWI WAll • CHAPTER IV THE fRANco-Pa11SSIAN wAll •

CHAPTER V

BlSWAR

THE CRoWN PluNass AND HER FAMJLY • • 167

CHAPTER VD fOIWGN AFFADI.S, 1878-1886 • • 187

CHAPTER VIII P:usa Au.:x.um:u. OF B.a.TIENBEll.G • • 199 OLu>TER IX TBil IJ..u.."E.SS oF THE CRoWN Pama fREDEJUcr • • 114 xxi LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK CHAPTER X PAGI! SAN R.Dio • :tSI

CHAPTER XI

THE REIGN OJ' THE WEROR FREDERICK: • • 286

CHAPTER XII THE EMPERoa wi.LLlAJo[ n. . • )17 CHAPTER XIII THE wAB. DI.A.RY OJ' THE WEROR FBEDERICIC • • 339

CHAPTER XIV

THE :EMPERoR WJI.LI.AM's VISIT TO ENGLA.""ID, 1889 • ]66 CHAPTER XV

THE FALL OJ' Plu:NCE BISMARCK

CHAPTER XVI • 415 CHAPTERXVll CLosiNG Yuas • • 450

INDEX • 47S LIST OF PORTRAITS

THE EMPRESS FBEDERICK, 1900. From a photo- graph by T. A. Voigt Frontispiel:e THE Plu:NCESS RoY.u.. From a lithograph published in Berlin • Fot:ing page 8 THE CRoWN P1u:NcBss, 186o. From the portrait by Heinrich von Angeli ,

THE CRoWN hiNCESS AND hiNCE Wu.u~ 1876- From a photograph by T. Priim • , 144

xxiii INDEX

Abdul Hamid, Sultan, 14s, Alexander, Prince, of Servia, 147 440 Aberdeen, 46o Alexandra, Queen (Princess of Achenbach, Oberprasident von, Wales), u, so, p, s2, ss, 43S us, 391,393 Acton, Lord, 193 Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edin­ Adelaide, Queen Dowager, 1 burgh, later of Saxe-Coburg, Adlerberg, General, 181 27, 34. 174. 182, r8s, 467, 468 Albany, Duke of. Su Leopold, Alice, Princess (Grand Duchess Prince of Hesse-Dannstadt), second Albedyll, General von, 264 daughter of Queen Victoria, Albert, Prince Consort, r, 21 3, 77, 79t 91, 100, 119, 171, 2011 4, s, 9, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 395 26, 301 34, 88, 104, 106, 1421 Alix, Empress of Russia, grand- IS9, 3S9, )Go, )66 daughter of Queen Victoria, Albert Edward, Prince ofWales. 471 See Edward VII., King Alma-Tadema, Sir L., 415 Albert Victor, Prince, Duke of Alsace and Lorraine (Elsass and Clarence, 434 Lothringen), 91, 93, ur, 33 S Aldenhoven, Dr., 396 Alvensleben, Countess, 87 Alexander n., Tsar of Russia, Ampthill, Lord. Su Russell, 12.9, 1)01 1)6, 139, 144, 146, Odo 148, IS4J 1771 180, 181, 182, Anhalt, Duke of, 67 184, r8s, 201 Anthony,. Prince, of Hohen­ Alexander m., Tsar of Russia, zollern-Sigmaringen, 71 205, 207, 209, 218, 222, 296, Antoinette (Antonia), Princess 298 (Leopold), of Hohenzollem­ Alexander, Prince, of Batten­ Sigmaringen, 71 1 72 berg, ruler ofBulgaria (" San­ Apponyi, Count, 75, 76 dro "), 199-2231 294, 295, Argyll, Duke of, 197 .2.96," 298 1 2991 )001 )211 331 1 Armstrong, Lord, 406 385, 388, 41o Army Bills, Caprivi's (1891), Alexander, Prince, of Hesse, 439 201 Arnim, Count von, 388 47S LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK Arthur, Duke of Connaught, Bedford, Duke of, 197 167, 169, 171, 173, 174 Benedetti, Vincent, Count, 73, Augusta, Princess (later Queen 86,90 of Prussia and German Em­ Beresford, lord Cbarles,.17J,414 press), 4, 15, 23, 30, 32, 45, Bergmann, Prof. Ernst von, p, 96, 97, 98, us, n6, 119, 200, US, 226, 230, 232, 233, 131, 132, 140, ISS, 165, 253, 235, 254, 264, 276, 277, 278, 288, 303, 326, 329, 330, 351, 307, 308, 309, 310, 325, p6, 359, 363, 365, 368, 390, 398, )27, 331, 332, 333, 334> 342, 400, 419, 435, 445 359, 379, 382, 385 Augusta Victoria, Princess, of Berlepsch, M. de, 407 Schleswig-Holstein-Sonder­ Berlin, Congress of, 162-4 burg-Augustenburg, Gennan Bernard, Prince, of Saxe-Mein- Empress ("Dona"), 177, ingen, 167, 170,357,383,390, 200, 318, 362, 400, 401, 410, 435 411, 4)2 Bemstorft; Count von, 75, 76, Augustus, Duke of Sussex, 1 IOO Austria, 13; war with Prussia, Bemstodf, Countess von, 133 SG-69 Bieberstein, Baron Marschall von, 413 Babelsberg Castle, 17 Bigge, Major (afterwards Lord Baden, Grand Duchess of, 150 Stamfordham), 293 Baden, Grand Duke of, 150 Bismarck, Prince (Prince von Baden-Powell, Colonel (after- Bismarck - Schonhausen): wards Lt.-Gen. Sir Robert), views on marriage of Prin­ 466 cess Royal of England, 10; Balmoral Castle, s, 459 vetoes appointment of Sir Battenberg, Prince Alexander RobertMorierasAmbassador, o~ see Alexander, Prince, of 23 ; summoned to Berlin by Battenberg ; Prince Henry King William L, 36 ; policy of, see Henry, Prince, of of, 37; and Crown Princess Battenberg ; Prince Louis of, Frederick, 37, 38, 48, s6, 64, see Louis, Prince, of Batten­ 66, uS, 1)1, 137-9, 147, 191, berg ; Princess Henry o~ 192, 193> 214, :us, 216, 217, see Henry, Princess, of Bat­ 220, 246, 272, 2.82. ; and Con­ tenberg stitution of 185o, 40; ignores Bavaria, Ludwig n., King of, Crown Prince's letter, 41, 44; 104, 105, no, us views on breach between Bazaine, Marshal, 86, 91, 97 Crown Prince and King Beaconsfield, Lord, 146, 149, William I. of Prussia, 44 seq. ; lp, IS2, IS7, 16), 164, 165, hostility of Crown Prince, 187, 188 47, 48; fosters anti-English Beatrice, Princess (Princess sentiments in Prussia, 49 ; Henry ofBattenberg), daugh­ views on Germanic Con­ ter of Queen Victoria, 201, federation, 49 ; and war with 202, 29), 297, .199 Denmark, S1 ; policy of 476 INDEX Prussian aggrandisement, 56 ; 246 ; and Orleans family attitude to engagement of 268 ; publishes text of treaty Princess Helena, S8 ; grow­ against Russia, 2.75 ; and ing hostility to Austria, 58 ; Empress Frederick after her desires war with France, 70; accession, 292,293,313,314; and Ems telegram, 74; on rumoured resignation of, '-94· staff of King William I. dur­ 295, '-99; Lord Salisbury's ing Franco-Prussian War, account of, 295 ; and Queen 78 ; on English influence in Victoria (r888), 302, 303, Crown Prince's circle, 93 ; 304, JOG; attitude on death for bombardment of Paris, -of Emperor Frederick III., ror, ro:a, no; favours crea­ 317,318; and Empress Fred­ tion of a German Empire, erick after death of her hus­ 1031 104; signs armistice band, 318, 3251 3321 338, JB, with France, uo; relations 358; espionage system of, with Russia (1871""78), 129- 339, JS(>, 385 ; and War J 66 ; effects the Dreilcaiser­ Diary of Emperor Frederick /JunJ, 11.9 ; and London Con­ m., 34G, 348, 350, 351, 3S7; ference (March 1871), 130; attack on memory of Em­ attitude towards Empress peror Frederick III., 357; Augusta, 131 1 132.1 149; sus­ influence on Emperor William picion of France, 136; and II., 358, 359, 3Go, 404; atti­ Roman Catholic priesthood, tude to Emperor William II., 137; Queen Victoria's atti­ 372. ; colonial policy of, 373 ; tude to, 139·40, 142., 296, breach with Emperor William 300 ; difficulties in domestic II., 376, 387, 437 ; old age, politics, 149; suggests British etc., insurance scheme of, occupation of Egypt, 1 p ; 377; and Count von Wal­ and Congress of Berlin, 16.2.- dersee, .383 ; fall of, 387- 164; opinion of Lord Bea­ 414; opposition to Hatzfeldt consfield, 164; alliance of marriage, .388; pros~ of Prussia and Austria, 187; retirement or death of, 391, autocratic: government of, 412; attitude towards Eng­ 191; · anti-English attitude land (1889), 392.; fails to of, 192 ; attitude to Bul­ deny Freytag's slanders, 396; garian affairs (1886-88), 199 and Socialist Law of I87J, seq., 294 ; and engagement 403 ; protectionist policy of, of Princess Victoria of 40G ; resignation of, 410, Prussia, 201, 202., 294, 296, 4JI; and Empress Frederick 298; change in policy (r887), after his fall, 411, 414, 41 s, 213; and illness of Crown 416, 442-4, 448 ; rapproche­ Prince Frederick, 2.2.G1 232, ment between Emperor 33 1, J3 5 ; and summons to William II. and, 4:1.9, 43o--31, Sir Morell Mackenzie, 229, 436, 446, 4SI; and colonial 281, 284, 331; twenty-fifth policy of Emperor Willi~m anniversary of appointment, 11.,446-7,4SI; presented wuh 477 . LEITERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK sword of honour, 451; and Cardwell, Edward (afterwards Mr. Gladstone, 451-2. See Viscount), 82 · also 94, xoo, 109, 12.6, 157, Carnarvon, Lord, 158, 159 171, 176, 187, 19), 2J9, 245, Carol I., King of Roumania. 2.5), 32 3 See Charles, Prince, of Rou­ Bismarck, Count Herbert, 195, mania

229, 2.44, 24) 1 300, 302, 317, Carolath, Prince Henry, 402 333. 334. 335. 336, 337. 3)8, Carpenter, Boyd, Bishop, 9 362, 372, 382, 384, 413, 414, Cavour, Count, 133 427, 431, 4S3 Chamberlain, Joseph, 195, 196 Bismarck (-ScMnhausen), Chanzy, General, I 17 Countess, later Princess, 102, Chapman, General 460 107, 1)0 Charles, Prince (of Hesse), 32 Black Sea, neutralisation of, 130 Charles, Prince, of Roumania Bloemfontein, 465,466 (King Carol I.), 157, 373 Bloomfield, Lady, xo, :u Charlotte, Princess (of Wales), Bloomfield, Lord, 91 10 daughter of King George Blucher, Countess, ;8 IV., I Blumenthal, General von, 78, Charlotte, Princess, of Saxe­ So, xo:z., 107, 336 Meiningen (" Moretta "), Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon, eldest daughter of Empress Prince Imperial, 90 Frederick, 24, 167, 168, 173,

Bose, General, 84 26o, 2671 275, 333, 383, 384, Bosnia, 145 390, 394. 467 Boulanger, General, 414 Chlodwig, Prince von Hohen- Boulangist party in France, 423 lohe, 317, 412, 449, 450, 452. Bourbaki, General, 117 Christian IX., King of Den­ Bramann, Dr., 257, 2.75, 2.78, mark (Prince Christian of 307, 311, 3271 J42 Schleswig-Holstein-Sonder­ Brassey, Lord, 273, 4o6 burg-Glucksburg), u, so, Bright, John, 216 SI Briihl, Countess von, 276, 354 Christian, Prince of Schleswig- Buchanan, Sir Andrew, 54. ss Holstein - Augustenburg - "Bulgarian atrocities", 140, 145 Sonderburg, 57, )8, II9, 177, Buller, Sir Redvers, 466 182, 338, 372 Bulow, Prince, xos Christian, Princess (Helena, Bunsen, Georg von, 3S third daughter of Queen Busch, J. H. M., 43, 441 109, Victoria), 57, 63, 177, 327 202, 302, J46, 426, 427 Churchill, Dowager Lady, 293 Churchill, Lord Randolph, 211, Cambridge, George, Duke of 222, 2.23, 414 (" Uncle George ..), 66 Clarence, Albert Victor, Duke Caprivi, General Georg, Count of, 434 von, 410, 411, 412., 413, 414, Clarendon, Earl of, s, 8, 17, 23, 415, 42.7, 430, 436, 439, 440, 32• 33. 72. 449 Clementine, Princess, of 478 INDEX

Bourbon-Orleans ("Aunt " Dona". See Augusta Vic- Clem''), l.X8 toria, Princess . Coal strike, Westphalian and Donhoff, Countess Amelie, 107 Silesian (1889), 376, 377 Douglas, Count, 405, 407 Cobden, Richard, 7 Dreikaiserhund, the, 129 Coburg, Duke of, ;o Dresky, Captain von, 94 " Coburgers ", in Berlin, 3S Dufferin, Lord, x88, 20'­ Congo, Germany and the, 446 Duncker, Professor, 42,45 Connaught, Arthur, Duke of. Duvernoy, General Verdy, 413 See Arthur, Duke of Con­ naught Edinburgh, 460 Constantine, King of Greece Edinburgh, Duke of. See Al­ (Duke of Sparta), 39'-1 393, fred, Prince 395, 420, 471 Edward VII., King of Great Constantinople, 145, 1531 xs; Britain and Ireland, Em­ Constitution of IS;o (Prussia), peror of India (Albert Ed­ 40 ward, Prince of Wales): Crimean War, 8, If birth and education of, 2 ; Crispi, Francesco, 2.23 visits court of Napoleon m., Cronje, General, 465, 466 4 ; question of his marriage, Cumberland, Ernest, Duke of, 22 ; Mediterranean tour with I ; Ernest Augustus, Duke Crown Prince and Princess of, 327, n

Dilke, Sir Charles, 195 1 196, Herbert Bismarck, 317, :ns, 438 336, 337; and royal family Disraeli, Benjamin. See Bea­ of Hanover, 335, 337, 338; consfield, Lord and Alsace-Lorraine, 335, Doetz, Dr., 94 337; Vienna visit of (1888), Dolgoroukova, Countess (Prin­ 361 ; avoids meeting Em­ cess Yourievsky), 18o-81, peror William ll., 361, 376; 182, 184 at wedding of Princess Sophie 479 LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK

in Athens, 393 ; last visits to Austria, 49, so, 12.9, 2.06, 361,. Empress Frederick, 468; see 370 also :n, 89, 164, 16s, 168, 174, Franco-Prussian War, 7o-n8, 201, 298, 359, 36o, 361, 424 129 Egypt, British affairs in, 151-3, Frankfort, Diet at, u, 14 ; 438 peace of, 1'1.7 Elizabeth, Queen of Prussia, Frederick·II., the Great, King wife of King Frederick of Prussia, 92 William IV., 28 seq., 32, Frederick m., German Em­ 107 peror (Frederick William, Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania Crown Prince of Prussia and (" Carmen Sylva u), 440,441, of Germany) : meets Prin­ 444, 44S cess Royal of England, 3 ; Elliott, Sir Henry, 165 . seeks marriage with Princess Ernest, Duke of Cumberland, Royal, s; wedding an­ King of Hanover, 1 nounced, 7; visit to Eng­ Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg­ land (1856), 8; marriage of, Gotha (" Uncle Ernest"), 1, 9 ; birth of heir (Emperor s6, 66, 78, 79, 366, 369, 384, William II.), 19; and war in 385, 395, 396, 398, 402, 403, Italy (I8S9), 2.3; elected 467 Rector of Konigsberg Uni­ Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cum­ versity, 32; character of, berland, 32.7, 336, 436 36; Mediterranean tour with Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schles- Prince of Wales, 39; breach wig-Holstein, 2.14 with King William I. of Esebeck, General, 83 Prussia, 40 ; letters to Bis­ Eugene, Prince, of Sweden, 207 marck on breach of Con­ Eugenie, Empress, 89, 90, 92, stitution, 46, 47 ; hostility to 95, In, 113, 138 Bismarck, 37, 48, 57, u8 ; Eulenberg, Count, So, 437 visit to English court, 49 ; Exhibitions : Hyde Park, of and Queen Victoria at Co­ 1851, H Paris, ofi889, 37H burg (186)), 49; supports of 1900, 466 Augustenburg claim to Schleswig and Holstein, so; Failly, General, 91 attitude during Danish War Falk, Dr., 187 (1864), s:z.; meeting with Falkenstein, General von, 102, Prince of Wales after Danish 103 War, H; victories during Favre, Jules, uo Seven Weeks' War, 63-4; Ferdinand, Prince, of Roumania, command during Fran co­ 440,444 P russian War, 78; victory Ferdinand, Prince, of Saxe­ at Worth, 83, 8S; at Weis­ Coburg-Gotha, ruler of Bul­ senburg, 83; on hospital garia, :au, 2.18, 2.23, 420, 441, activities of Crown Princess, 453 89; views on German unity, Francis Joseph, Emperor of 93 ; views on problem of 480 INDEX Alsace and Lorraine, 93 ; affection for Queen Victoria, on hospital activities of 310; War Diary of, 339-65, Crown Princess, 94, 97, I xo; 357; Sir Morell Mackenzie's created Field-Marshal, 97, 98, book about, 3 53, 35S ; Bis­ u7; and bombardment of marck's attack on memory of, Paris, 101, 102., xo6, 107, uo; 357 ; slanders concerning, favours creation of a German 395 ; proposed monument in Empire, 103-6, 343 ; not Berlin, 417·18; see also 319, dominated by Crown Prin­ 32), 315, 316, 317, 329, no, cess, 108; thoughts for future 331, 332, 333. 334. 335. 336, of Prince William, u8 ; 337, 369, 379, 382, 383, 385, visit to London (1871); u.S; 386, 389, 392, 393, 396, 398, friendship with Lord Ampt­ 400, 402, 404, 406, 407, 408, hill (Odo Russell), 130; visit 4111 4181 4111 4181 4191 431 1 to London (1874), IJJ; anti­ 433. 443, 445. 447 Russian attitude of, 147 ; on Frederick, Empress (Victoria, Russo-Turkish War (1877), Princess Royal of England I 54; visit to England (1878), and Crown Princess of Ger­ 163 ; as Regent, 163, x66; many) : birth of, r, 473 ; and engagement of Princess education of, :z. ; meets Prince Victoria of Prussia, 201 ; ill­ Frederick William of Prussia, ness of, :u4-85, 307·1o, 326, 3 ; visits court of Napoleon 395, et passim; Bismarck III., 41 95; hand sought by stops operation upon, 226 ; Prince Frederick William, s; Sir Morell Mackenzie's at­ confirmation of, 7 ; wedding tendence on, 231 sefJ., 353; announced, 7 ; marriage of, difference of opinion of doc­ 9, 117, 473 ; leaves for Berlin, tors concerning illness of, 9 ; personal appearance of, 234-6, 2.39 seq.; suggested u, 39; first winter in Berlin, treatment in England, 236; 15; love for England, x6, 35, visit for Queen Victoria's 156, 2.45, 364; Berlin resid­ Jubilee (1887), 238, 240, 2.41, ence of, x8; birth of Prince 339; journey to Tyrol, 243 ; William (Emperor William in Venice, 2.46 ; at Baveno, II.), 19; residence at Pots­ 248; at San Remo, 25o-85, dam, 21 ; holiday at Os­ 287 ; question of operation, borne, 21 ; birth of Princess 252-5; operation performed, Charlotte, Z4 ; influence of 2.75 ; rumours in Berlin con­ Prince Consort on, :z.6, 34 ; cerning, 176, 177; true story on ministerial responsibility, of illness of, 284-5, 309; ac­ .26 ; description of death of cession to throne, 286; jour­ King Frederick William IV., ney to Berlin, 287 ; attitude 2.7 seq. ; visits England on to Prince Bismarck after ac­ death of Duchess of Kent, cession, :z.88-91, 314; visit JO; and coronation of King of Queen Victoria (1888), William I., 30 se~. ; twenty­

193; death of, 315, JI81 395; first birthday of, 34; and 21 481 LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK Bismarck's appointment, 37; poleon DI., 89, 90, 92, 95; Mediterranean tour "llfith views on Alsace-Lorraine Prince of Wales, 39; birth problem, 91, 109, no; on of Prince Henry, 39; on bombardment of Strassburg, breach between Crown Prince 92; on Prussian superiority, and King, 41, 43, 44, 48 ; and 92 ; on Anglo-German ten­ Prince Bismarck (while sion during Franco-Prussian Crown Princess), 48, 56, 64, War, 98, tn, 122, us, 127; 66, 12.8, 131, 137-9, 147, 191, opposed to bombardment of 192, 193. 214, 21 s, 216, 217, Paris, 102, 109, 114; slander 2.20, 246, 271, 272, 282 ; visit concerning her influence over to English court, 49 ; visits the Crown Prince, 108; in­ Queen Victoria at Coburg, cident of Empress Eugerue's 49 ; supportS Augustenburg screen, I u-13; relations with claimant, so, 51 ; attitude Empress Augusta, 116; im­ during Danish War (1864), perial tide of, 119; and future 51 seq. ; description of Prince of Prince William (William Christian, 57; foresees war ll.), 119; on capitulation of with Austria, 59 ; birth of Paris, uo ; on peace terms, Princess Victoria, 59; death 121 ; zenith of career, u6 ; of Prince Sigismund, 00-63, visit to London (1871), u8; 3 •9, 473 ; hospital work dur­ reconciliation with Prince of ing Seven Weeks' War, 63; Wales, 12.8; visit to London on Crown Prince's part in (1874), 133; confirmation of War, 64; praise ofPrussians, Prince William (Emperor 65 ; education of her sons, William n. ), I 34; on the East­ 67, 68 ; and physical dis­ em Question, 141-4, 146, 188 ability of Prince William seq., 203, :z.os ; anti-Russian (Emperor William ll.), 68, attitude of, 147 ; on Euro­ 69, 120; on Hohenzollem pean policy towards Russia, candidaiure, 71, 72, 73 ; birth 148, 15o-5J; and British of Princess Sophie, 72 ; atti­ affairs in Egypt, 151-3, 438, tude towards war with F ranee, 4S9; onRusso-TurkishWar 75 ; anxiety during Franco­ (1877-78), IH; advocateS Prussian War, 78,79; appeal British intervention, 1 s;...(), to Queen Victoria for hos­ JS8-6o; on Lord Derby's pital supplies, 79, 81, 82; policy, 162; visit to Eng­ and christening of Princess land (1878), 163; on Lord Sophie, So ; on victory at Beaconsfield, 165; family life Worth, 83 ; hospital activi­ of, 167-86; on marriage of ties during Franco-Prussian Princess Charlotte, 168-70; War, 84, Sf, 89, 91, 94. on death of Princess Alice, 96, 97, 109, 110, IIJ, 121, 171-2; death of son, Prince u6; on government of Waldemar, 173, 473; be­ Napoleonill.,86; onfrench comes a grandmother, 173; army, 88; on fall of Na- and Prince William (Em- 482. INDEX peror William II.) before his Berlin, 287; relations 'with accession, 174 seq., 1791 183, Prince Bismarck (after ac­ 207, 238, 242, 256, 2571 258, cession to throne), 292, 2931 2591 2.71 1 2791 293, J 101 311, 313, 314; visit of Queen 410, 411 ; on Nihilists, 178, Victoria (1888), 293, JOS ; 18J; on Prince William's tribute to devotion of, 299 ; engagement and marriage, death of her husband, 315 1 1791 x8o, 183, 4101 4IX; on 3161 3171 319, 4711 473; and Czar's morganatic marriage, Emperor William II~ after

181; on assassination of his accession to throne, JI81 Czar Alexander II., 184; J2I, 328, 345, JSI, 352., 3SS, opinion of Gladstone, 194, :nG, 360, 361, 364, 415, 416, 1961 19i, 216 ; on Lord 420, 4SS, 472, 473; and Rosebery'sappointment, 195, Prince Bismarck after death I 97 ; on Irish affairs, 196, of her husband, 318, J2.S 1 3321 197, 198, 438; estrangement 338, 3531 358; and Fried­ between Prince William and, richskron, 319, 321; tribute 1991 2oo, 203, 214, 283; and to her husband, :JI9-2.I, 330; engagement of Princess Vic­ and Emperor Frederick's War toria of Prussia, 2.011 2021 Diary, 347, 349, 350; on 203 ; views about Prince Emperor William II!s ;our­ Alexander ofBattenberg, 2.04, neys, 347-8 ; estimate of Em­ 208 ; on decline of British peror William II., 3S 2 1 360, influence in Europe, 2.09 ; 361 1 3621 363 1 3691 37.2.1 381 1 conversation with Crown 405, 407, 409, 4I.I, 412, 421, Prince Rudolph of Austria, 427, 428, 429, 430, 4J2, 434, 21o-u; on Bulgarian affairs 4491 450; and Sir Morell (x887-88), 212 seq., 216, 217, Mackenzie's book, 353; visit :uS, uo, 22.3; and Lord to England (1888), 364; hos­ Randolph Churchill's visit tility to memoirs of Duke to Russia (1888), 22.2; on of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 3661 British interests in India, 222 ; 367 ; and visit of Emperor and summons to Dr. Morell William II. to England ( x889),

Mackenzie, 227-301 2.82 ; and 367 ; references to death of operation on Crown Prince, Archduke Rudolf of Austria, 2)1 1 2321 2JJ 1 3JI1 333; 370; on colonial policy of slanders concerning Crown Germany, 373, 446-7; causes Prince's illness, 2341 2.821 of aggravation of breach be­ 283, 285 ; presence at Queen tween Emperor William n. Victoria's Jubilee (1887), 241; and, 3741 375 ; memories of journey to Tyrol, 243 ; in Emperor Frederick, 378; in­ Venice, 246 ; at Baveno, 2.48 ; fluence of Queen Victoria at San Remo, 25o-8s; and over, 379 ; opinion of Count death of Emperor William I., von Waldersee, 391; on. 2.801 2.86 ; becomes German prospect of Prince Bismarck's Empress, 2.86 ; returns to retirement or death, 391, 412; 483 LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK

at marriage of Princess Bulgarian affairs (1895), 453- Sophie, 393 ; on death of 454; on Anglo-German re­ Empress Augusta, 399 ; re­ lations (1897), 4H; on Rus­ fused headship of Red Cross sian proposals for conference societies, 400 ; on proposed on disarmament, 456; on Labour Conference (189o), Nicholas II., Emperor of 4os, 406, 408, 457; on Bis­ Russia, 457-8; accident to, marck's protectionist policy, 458,459; illness of, 458, 463, 406; on Empress William 465, 467; last visit to Eng­ II., 410, 42.I ; effect of Bis­ land (1898), 4S9; on Egyp­ marck's fall on position of, tian War (1898), 459; on 414, 41 S ; retirement to Queen Victoria's eightieth house at Cronberg, 415,416; birthday, 461 ; • interest in and proposed monument to South African War, 461-7; husband in Berlin, 417, 418; on Emperor William !I.'s silence on foreign policy " Kruger telegram .., 462 ; (1888-9o), 419; comments visits British battleship, 465 ; on birth of Emperor William on President Kruger, 467 ; H.'s fourth son, 421-2; re­ last visits of Prince of Wales semblance to Queen Victoria, to, 468 ; and death of Queen 422 ; semi-official visit to Victoria, 4)8 ; death of, 468 ; Paris (1891), 422-5 ; visit to character of, 469-74; Em­ England ( 189 I), 424 ; opinion peror William II.'s descrip­ of La Marseillaise, 425-6; tion of, 469 ; causes of her changed attitude to Bismarck unpopularity, 469-71; Lib- · after his fall, 426, 442-4, 448 ; eral principles of, 470 ; sur­ on Emperor William H.'s vey of her career, 473-4; Erfurt speech, 42.7 ; on efforts lette~s to Queen Victoria, to reconcile Emperor William passr.m II. and Bismarck, 43<>-32, 436; Frederick VII., King of Den­ on riots in Germany (1892.), mark, so 433 ; on Emperor William Frederick, Duke of Schleswig­ H.'s visit to Italy (1893), 44o- Holstein-Sonderburg-Augus­ 441; visit to Sophie, Crown tenburg (Fritz Augusten­ Princess of Greece, 441 ; on burg), so, Sx, 57, 177, 388, 396 affairs in Germany (1893), Frederick, Grand Duke of 442.-4 ; on Queen Elizabeth Baden, 3p, 390 of Roumania, 445; on Bis­ Frederick, Prince, of Denmark, marck and Germ~n colonial afterwards King Frederick policy, 446-7; on Emperor VIII., 392. William !I.'s naval policy, Frederick, Prince, of the Nether~ 447; on General von Cap­ lands, 32. rivi, 449 ; on Prince von Frederick Augustus, Prince (of Hohenlohe, 449, 450, 452-3; Oldenburg), 167 on rumour of Mr. Gladstone's Frederick Charles, Prince, of visit to Bismarck,· 452.; on Prussia (" the Red Prince "), 484 INDEX 78, 97, 98, roo, 109, n;, II7, Gladstone, William Ewart, 76,

167, 171, 33)-6 us, 140, 155. 165, 1881 189, Frederick Charles, Princess, of 192, 194, 19), 196, 197. 198, Hesse (Margaret, daughter 4)0, 437. 4)8, 451-2 of Empress Frederick), 468 Glencoe, battle of, 462. Frederick William, Crown Gloucester, Duchess of, 1 Prince of Prussia. See Fred­ Goltz, Marie, 83, 88 erick III., German Emperor Gordon-Cumming, R. G., 414 Frederick William III., King of Gortchakoff, Prince, rp, x6;, Prussia, 12.7 20) Frederick William IV., King of Goschen, Viscount, 189, 197 Prussia, 4, ;, 13, r6, r8, 19, Gramont, Due de, 72, 86, 87, 90 27,431 Granville, Lord, 17, 72, 82, 8;, Freiligrath, Ferdinand, 82, 86 roo, n3, 12.7, IJO, 188, 193 Freytag, Gustav, 43 1 395 Gregory, Sir Wm., 2.73 Friedberg, 372 Grey, General, 42., 43 "Friedrichshof", Empress Frederick's residence, 416 Hague, The, arbitration court Friedrichskron, or Neue Palais, at, 458 312, )22, 38) Hahn, Dr., 334 Fritz, Prince, of Baden, 323,32.6 Hamilton, Duchess of, 98 Hanover, 13; part in Seven Gambetta, Leon, 97, 101, ur Weeks' War, 65, 67 Geffcken, Professor H., 343, Hardenberg, Karl August von, )48, 349, 3)0 , 3SI, 356, 367, Prince, 92 385, 388, 389, 396, 44), 473 Harmening, Dr., 398 Geissel, Cardinal, 32. Hartington, Lord, 196, 197, 273 Genoa, Duke of, 72. Hatzfeldt (-Wildenburg), Count George I., King of Greece, 419, Paul von, 295, 387, 389, 390, 42.1 392, 393, 412, 42.5, 448 George, Duke of Cambridge Hatzfeldt, Helene, Princess Max ("Uncle George"), 66, 2.73 of Hohenlohe, 387, 393 George, Prince, of Greece, Helena, Princess (afterwards 392 Princess Christian), daughter George V., King of Hanover, of Queen Victoria, S71 63, ;o, ;6, 66, 67 177,327 Gerhardt, Professor, 224, 226, Henry, Prince, of Battenberg, 2)01 2.JI1 232.1 2)3 1 23) 1 2)61 201, 293, 2.97. 299 2)71 2.)8, 2401 2.H 1 2641 310, Henry, Prince, of Prussia, son )II, 327, 331, 332, 3)), 334. of Empress Frederick, 39, 68, 359, 379, J82., 385 I:JS, 261, 263, 2661 2751 3111 Gerlach, General von, 10 333· 435 Germany, political condition in Henry, Princess, of Battenberg r8;8, 14 (Princess Beatrice), 201 1 2o:z., Giers, M. de, Russian Chan­ 293. 297, 1.99 cellor, 205, 2.22 Hesse, Prince Charles of, 32 485 LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK Hesse-Cassel, part in Seven Joinville, Prince de, 91 Weeks' War, 6S Joubert, General, 466 Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Duch­ Jubilee, Queen Victoria's(t887), ess of. Su Alice, Princess 238, 2.42 Hesse-Darmstadt, Louis, Grand Duke o~ s6, 98, 171, 173, K.alnoki, Count, 2.n :175. 176, 436 Karolyi, Count, 187, 2n Heyden, Gehei.mrath von, 405, Kaul.bars, General, 2.07, 2.08, 214 407 Keller, Herr von, 452 Hintzpeter, Dr., I3J, 136, 383, Kent, Duchess 0~ 11 30 405, 4t:Y7 Kessel, G. von, J6J 1 3791 384t Hohenlobe, Prince Chlod"Wig 38s, 390 von, )171 411, 449, 4SO, Khartoum, 459 452. Kirchbacb, General, Ill Hohenlohe-Oehringen, Prince Kitcbener, Lord, 46o, 466 Max von, 387 Koch, General Arzt, 94 Hohenthal, Lothar von, 92. Koniggratz (Sadowa), battle o~ Hohenthal, W~ Countess 6..., 6s von (Walburga, Lady Paget), KOnigsberg, JO, 12.1 I I 7 :11 Krause, Dr., :tp, 251, l54t :z.62., Hohenz.ollem candidature, 71 263, 26.oft 269, 275. 307, )26 seq. Kruger, President, 467 Hobenzollern - Sigmaringen : " Kruger telegram ", 461.·3 Princeo~suAnthony,Prince, Kuper, Admiral, 53 arul Leopold, Prince ; Prin­ Kiissmaul, Professor, :177, 278 cess o~ su Antoinette, Prin- cess l.ahouchere, Henry D., 2.20 Home Rule for Ireland, 196, Labour Conference (1890), 40S 437· 438 Ladysmith, 46), 464t 465, 466 Hovel), Dr. Mark, 2.41, 2.43, 2.49, l.aforgue, Jules, IS & :15 I 1 2.SJ 7 :161, :163, l6.oft 2.69, Land~ Dr., 2.41, 3:17, 333 271, 275, 2.85, :Jo8, 309, l Io, l.angenbeck, Dr., 68, 87, 334 311, 326, 331, 339· J40, )41 Laon, 94 Humbert, King of Italy, 4I9, Lauer, Dr., :1.16, :13:1 440 Lavalaye, !.L de, 400 Hyde Park Exhibition (t8p), 3 Layard, Sir Austen Henry, 149! 1 so, :173 lgnatieff, General, r41J, 151 Lebreuf, Edmond, 86, 87 lhne, Herr, 416 Lenthold, Dr., l5S India, British interests in, zaz, 1 Leopold 1., King of the Belgians, 438 I I, J, 6, 9. 19, w, p, ss, 104 Irene, Princess, of Hesse, JII Leopold II., King of the Bel- Isabella, Queen of Spain, 70, 9:1 gians, 170 • Leopold, Prince, Duke of Al- Jasmund, Herr von, 87 bany, son of Queen Victoria, Jenner, Sir W., 106, 231, :165 :~.68, 169 486 INDEX Leopold, Prince, of Hohenzol- Malmo, Truce of, 14 lern-Sigmaringen, 71, 72, 73 Manchester, Duchess of, 18 Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole, 4o6 Manning, Cardinal, 406 Lobanolf, Prince, 207, 454 Manteulfel, Marshal, 144 LOe, General W. von, 24o, 371, Margaret, Princess (Princess J8S, 389 Frederick Charles of Hesse), Loftus, Lord Augustus, too, daughter of Empress Fred­ 1271 U91 IJ01 lf9 erick, 331, 423 Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse­ Marie, Empress of Russia, 178, Darmstadt (husband of Prin­ 18o, 186 cess Alice), S61 98, 171 1 173, Marie, Grand Duchess, of 275, 276, 436 Russia, Duchess of Edin­ Louis, Prince, of Baden, 326 burgh, 178, 180, 185, 440 Louis, Prince, ofBattenberg, 201 Marie, Queen ofthe Belgians, 170 Louise, Princess, of Baden, 316, Marmilais•, La, 425-6 3SI, 400 Martin, Sir Theodore, 86,.3411 Louise, Princess (of England), 348 Duchess of Argyll, 126 Mary, Duchess of Gloucester, 1 Louise, Princess (of Prussia), •• May Laws ••, in Prussia, 187 sister of Emperor Frederick Mecklenburg, 13 m.,, Mecklenburg, Grand Dukes of, Louise Margaret, Princess, of 67 • Prussia, Duchess of Con­ Mecklenburg- Strelitz, Grand naught, 171 1 173 Duchess of, 2.2 Ludwig, Emil, 174 n., 176 n., Methuen, Lord, 466 2.0) II., us, 282., 28), 18S, J 18 Metz, 861 881 91 1 92, 971 121 Ludwig U., King of Bavaria, Milan, King of Serbia, 441 104, IOS 1 IIO, US Milne, Sir Alexander, 456 Luitpold, Prince (of Bavaria), 32. Mischke, General, 385 Luiz, King of Portugal, 2.02. Moltke, Count von, 78, 93, 101, Lyncker, Herrvon, 363, 390,397 102, 107, 121, )8) Lyttelton, Sarah, Lady, 9, 24 Montpensier, Duchess of, 2.67, 2.68 Mackenzie, Dr. (later Sir) Mor- " Maretta. •• Set ruukr Char­ ell, 227-43, 246-52, 254-6o, lotte, Princess, of Saxe-Mein­ 262.·6, 269·70, 272., 2.74-9. ingen 282, 2.84·7, )07·9, 3 u, 314, Morier, Sir Robert, 22, 23, 49, J16, Jlo-3:&, 33S, )41, 341, 74, 142, 193, :ao6, 2.2.21 2.2.J1 351, JSJ, 3SS, 379, 385, 389 )86, 389, 392 MacMahon, Marshal, 83, 86, 89 Morley, John, 195, 196 Mafeking, 466 Motley, John Lothrop, 39 Malet, Sir Edward, 193, 218, Moulton, Charles, 387

29f 1 297, )001 JOI 1 J021 31J1 Miinster, Count, 159, 163, 363, 314, 340, )62, )89, 435 42.4 Mallet, Sir Louis, 4o6, 407 Murad, Sultan, 145 Malmesbury, Lord, 17 Muravielf, Count, 456, 4S7 487 LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK

Nachod, battle of, 63 Pretoria, 465, 466 Napier, Lord, 159 Prim, Marshal, 70, 71 Napoleon I., Emperor of the Prince Consort. See Albert, French, 121, 157, 44S Prince Consort Napoleon ill., Emperor of the Prince Imperial, 90 French, 4. 70, 721 73, 74. 86, Prince of Wales. See Edward 89, 90, 92, 9S, 96, u6 VII. National Gallery, London, 425 Princess Royal. See Frederick, Natzmer, Major von, 318 Empress Navy, German, 447, 456 Prussia, position in 18;8, IJ; Nicholas 1., Tsar of Russia, 53 character of court of, x;, 16 Nicholas IT., Tsar of Russia, Puttkamer, Prussian Minister of 393· 457, 458 the Interior, 312, JIJ, 314, Nicholas, Grand Duke, 32 )82, )83, J85

O'Danne, Lieutenant, 83 Radolin- Radolinsky, Count, Oldenburg, Grand Duke of, 66, 192, 19), 243. 244, 247, 250, 167 272, 274. 275, 276, )09, 372, Ollivier, Olivier Emile, 72, 86, 38.2, 388 90 Radoslavoff, Bulgarian premier, Omdurman, battle of, 458 207 Orleans, surrender of, 109 Rasputin, 471 Osborne, Bernal, 53 "Red Prince, the". See Fred­ Osman Pasha, I5J, 154, ISS erick Charles, Prince, of Prussia Paget, Sir Augustus, u, 211 Redigher, Colonel, zoz Palikao, General, 9 I Regent of Prussia. See William Palmerston, Lord, 6, S2, S3 I., King of Prussia and Ger­ Paris, siege and bombardment man Emperor of, 95, xoo, IOI-J, xo6, 107, Regnault, Henri, 423-4 us, uo Reid, Sir James, 2.28, .248, 272 Paris, Treaty of (x8;6), 130 Reischach, Baron von, 355, 44I, Paris Exhibitions (1889), 373; 4H (1900), 466 Reiss, Mr., 415 Parnel~ Charles Stewart, 196, Renvers, Professor, 465 198 Reuss, Prince, 370 Perglas, Baron, 87 Rhodes, Cecil, 4

Pius IX., Pope, IJ71 149 Roberts, Lord, 465, 466 Ponsonby, Lady, 19.2, 1941 203, Rodd, Sir Rennell, :.u6 n., 2.2.8, 204, .243, 247, 26S, 269, 270, 229, 2 JO, 429 n. 272, 274, 279. 327, 374 Roder, General von, 38S Ponsonby, Sir Henry, 253 1 265, Roggenbach, Baron von, 239, 269, 29), 294. 296, 297. 298, 244, 26;, 267, 356, J67, )8;,

J01 1 304,3241 J64,J80 388, 389, 445, 473 488 INDEX Roon, A. T. E., Count von, 78, Schmidt, Dr. Moritz, 252, z.ss, 101 256, 2.57, JIO Rosebery, Lord, 195, 196, 206, Schniibele, M., French Com­

39:&, 4)7, 438, 448, 459. 400 missary, 2.171 218 Roumania, Prince Charles of Schrader, Dr., 22.6, 232., 243,

(King Carol 1.), 157, 373 2.75, 342. I Rudolph, Archduke, Crown Schroder, Dr., 94, 2.77, 2.78 Prince of Austtia, 2.10, 367, Schrotter, Professor von, :z.p, 370,373 252, 2.54, z.n, 3SI Russell, Lady Emily, XJI Schulenburg, Countess, 31

Russeii, Lord, 42., Sz., S3 Schuvaloff, Count, 1591 165 Russell, Lord Arthur, 193 Schweinitz, General, 84, 18r, Russel~ Odo (afterwards Lord 182, 446, 448 . Ampthill), 129, 130, 131, 144, Schweinschadel, battle of, 63 149. 18), 193· 273 Seckendorff, -Count von, 78, Rutland, Duke of, 304. 3o6 So, 192., 193, 2.43, 2.44, 265, 354 Saarbriick, bombardment of, 82, Sedan, battle of, 89, 95 84 Sedlnitsky, Countess Perpon- Sadowa (Koniggrlitz), battle of, cher, 3)4 64, 6s Semon, Dr. Henry, 2.2.7 Sadullah Bey, 160 Semon, Sir Felix, 22.7 Salisbury, Lord, 145, 147, xp. Senff, Major; 83 x6x, 163, 165, 187, 188, 196, Servia, Milan, King of, 441 197, 198, z.o6, 210, 275, 295, Seven Weeks' War, 6o--67 300, 3021 306, 359, 392., 393, Shakespeare, 91 454 Sigismund, Prince (of Prussia), San Stefano, Treaty of, 161 son of Empress Frederick, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Alfred, Ge>-63, 79. 473 Duke of, su Alfred, Prince ; Simmons, Sir J. Lintom, 189 Ernest, Duke of, su Ernest, Skalicz, battle of, 63 Duke ofSaxe-Coburg-Gotha; Socialist Law of 1873, 403 Ferdinand, Prince of, see Solferino, battle of, 2.4 Ferdinand, Prince, of Saxe­ Sonderburg, bombardment of, Coburg-Gotha 53 Saxe - Meiningen, Bernard, Sophie, Princess, Duchess of Prince of, 167, 170, 357, 383, Sparta (later Queen of 390,435 Greece), third daughter of Saxony, part in Seven Weeks' Empress Frederick, 72., 79• War, 65 So, 331, 393t 395, 42.0, 468, Saxony, Crown Prince of, 32 471 Saxony, King of, 326 Soudan, war in, 458 Schaffgotsch, Count, 132 South African War, 458, 461 Schillbach, Professor, 94. uo Spain, affairs in 187o, 70 Schleswig and Holstein, 14, so, Sparta, Duke of. See Constan- 67, 169 tine, King of Greece LEITERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK Spencer, Lord, 55, 196 . daughter of Princess Alice, Spithead, German fleet at (1889), ::u>I J8J Victoria, Princess, of Prussia, Smailiowo~ Bwgrunm Prime· second daughter of Empress Minister, 4S3 Frederick, 59, 65, So, 199, Steibel, Dr., 415 201, 2.68, 294, 296, 273, 297, Stein, Heinrich F. K., Baron 2981 299, JOI 1 303 1 )211 331 von, 92 Victoria, Princess, of Schleswig­ Stephanie, Princess, of Belgium, Holstein, 2.u :no Victoria, Princess, of Wales, Stockmar, Baron, .2, 4, :13, 104 daughter of King Edward Stockmar, Ernest von, :13, 35 VII., 394 Stockmar, Frau von, 319, 356 Victoria, Princess Royal of Stosch, General von, 386, 389 .England. See Frederick, Em­ Strachey, Sir G., 304 press Strassburg, 92., 96 Victoria, Queen of Great Britain Straus, Hof Prediger, 2.1 and Ireland, Empress of Suez Canal shares, 151, 153 India : mother of Empress Sultans of Turkey: Abdul Frederick, I; entertains Hamid, I4St 147; Murad, Prince Frederick William of I4S Prussia during Great Ex­ Swaine, Colonel Leopold, 193, hibition, 3 ; visits Emperor

2.S) 1 298, 300, 324, 364 Napoleon ill., 4; consents Symons, Sir William, 462. to engagement of Princess Szechenyi, Count, Austrian Royal, s, 6; chaperons Prin­ Ambassador, 371 cess Royal, 8 ; opposes mar­ riage in Berlin, 8; on depart­ Thiers, Louis Adolphe, 101 ure of Princess Frederick for Times, The, attacks on Prussia, Berlin, 9 ; character of her 25, n, 138, 433 court, 14; visits Princess Tisza, Kalman, 207 Frederick at Babelsberg, 17; Tobold, Professor, 226, .2)21 early attitude to Prince 236, 2ss, 2.64 William (Emperor William Trautmann, Dr., 200 II.), 24, 122.; at Coburg, 24, Treitschke, H. G. von, 382 491 58 ; attitude to Schleswig­ Triple Alliance, 129 Holstein problem, 51 ; neu­ Trochu, General, 97 tral attitude during Danish Tsars of Russia. Ses Nicholas War (1864), p., S4; and Bis­ I., Alexander II., Alexander marck(x865),56; andPrince ill., anJ Nicholas II. Christian of Schleswig-Hol­ stein, 57 ; engagement of V acaresco, Mlle., 440 Princess Helena, s8 ; en­ Verne, Jules, 413 deavours to aven war be­ Victor Emmanuel II., King of tween Prussia and Austria, Italy, ISI S9; advice on Hohenzollern Victoria, Princess, of Hesse, candidature, 71, 72; sym- 490 INDEX pathies during Franco-Pros­ of Wales, Emperor Wllliam sian War, 7S 1 77; and Crown II. and Empress Frederick, Princess's appeal for hospital 361; invites Emperor W"'tlliam supplies, 791 Sr, 82; and II. to England, 366; influ­ Albert Memorial, 109 ; diffi­ ence over Empress Fred­ culty over Empress Eugenie's erick, 379 ; as Colonel of screen, IU·IJ; speech from German Dragoons, 384 ; the throne (1871), 122; on efforts at reconciliation, 384 ; duties of princes towards and proposed monument to their subjects, 123; accusa­ Emperor Frederick ill. in tions of breach of neutrality Berlin, 417; invites Empress during Franco-Prussian War, Frederick to England (189o), us; visit of Crown Prince 417; visit of Empress Fred­ and Princess Frederick ( 1871 ), erick to (•898),459; eightieth uS ; reconciles Crown Prin­ birthday of, 461; death of, cess Frederick and Prince 468 ; letters from Empress of Wales, uS ; efforts for Frederick to, passim; see also European peace, 136, 139; xs, 33, 41, S21 oo, 86, 108, opinion of Bismarck, IJ9· 1781 1961 2011 :112.1 292, :195, 140, 142, 296, 300; on sug­ J:l), 333· 3741 410 gested British occupation of Villafranca, Peace of, 24 Egypt, 1 SJ·H confers Order Virchow, Professor R. von, :131, of the Garter on Prince 233, 2.35, 236, :141, 274, :176, William (Emperor William 279, 2.80, :184, ):16 U.), 174-s ; on Prussian alli­ Voltaire, 178 ance with Austria, 187; and engagement of Princess Vic­ Wagner, Richard, 414 toria of Prussia, 201; letter Walburga, Lady Paget. See to Prince Alexander of Bat­ Hohenthal, Walburga, Count­ tenberg, 209 ; and illness of ess von Crown Prince Frederick, :~.Bs, Waldeger, Professor, :179, :a8o 333; visit to Emperor and Waldemar, Prince, fourth son Empress Frederick (1888), of Empress Frederick, 173,· 293 ; and Crown Prince :a1s, 351, 473 William (Emperor William Waldemar, Prince, of Denmark, II.), 2.96, 297, 302, )OJ, 304; 190 and betrothal of Princess Waldersee, General Count von, Victoria of Prussia, 297, 3001 364, 36s, 3s3, 39ot 391, 30:1 ; relations with Prince 4S3 . Bismarck (1888)1 3011 30:11 Wales, Albert Edward, Pnnce 303, 304 ; German visit of. See Edward VII., King (1888), )OI-4, )OS 1 306; affec­ Wales, Alexandra, Princess of. tion of Emperor Frederick See Alexandra, Queen m. for, )20; and Emperor Wegner, Surgeon-General, 2:14, William II., 313, 314; en­ 130, :1J2., :lJJ, 2.J6, 2)9, 241, deavours to reconcile Prince 3071 )101 3II1 JJI1 J42. LETTERS OF EMPRESS FREDERICK Weimar, Grand Duchess of, 32 Princess Frederick and, 199, Weimar, Grand Duke of, 32 200, 203, 2.14, 2.83 ; presence Weissenburg, German success at Gastein Conference, .2.o6 ; at, 83 question of presence at Queen Wellington, Duke of, 1 Victoria's Jubilee, 238; in­ Werder, General von, II7, 146, fluence in Berlin, 24 5 ; visits 181 father and mother at Baveno, Westminster, Duke of, 197 249; at San Remo, 253, 256; White, Sir George, 464 prospect of his accession, 253, White, Sir William, 213, 221 293 ; attitude to his mother, William I., King of Prussia and 256, 279, 325 ; and operation German Emperor, 3, I), 30, on Crown Prince, 2.57, 333; 33, 36, 49, p, 59, 71, 74, 78, imperial authority delegated 88, 95, 961 971 103, 104, 109- to, 261, 26.2. ; activities dur­ IIO, II I, II ) 1 119, 12.01 129, ing father's reign, .2.93, 296, 135, 136, 137, 1)8, I6J, 165, 2971 301, 310, JIJj and 168, 176, 182, 234, 238, 249, Queen Victoria, 296, 297, 25J, 2f4, 2)6, 261, 274, 279; 302, 303, 304, 323, 324; and 28o, 281, 286, 299, 314, 359, Dr. Bergmann, 309; 310; un­ 362, 363, 368, 385, 418, 419 filial attitude after death of William II., German Emperor Emperor Frederick ill., 317,

(Prince William of Prussia JIB, 32.1 1 3221 3SI; and Em­ and Crown Prince): birth press Frederick (after his ac­ of, 19; physical disability of, cession to throne), p8, 32.1, 19, 68, 69, uo, 282; christen­ 327, J28, 345, 351, 3)2, 354, ing of, 21 ; early attitude of 355, 356, 360, 361, 364, 415, Queen Victoria to, .2.4, 122 ; 4I6, 420, 4H, 472, 473 ; education of, 68 ; parental policy on accession, 322, 326, cares for, uS, 119; character 32.9; references to Prince of as a boy, 133, 168, 175; con­ Wales (King Edward VII.), firmation of, 134-6; influence 335, 336,337; and Emperor of Emperor William I. on, Frederick's War Diary, 343, 135; and Empress Frederick 345, 346; journeys of, 347; (before his accession to Empress Frederick's opinion

throne), 174 seq., 179, I8J, of, 352, 3601 361 1 362, 363, 207, 2.)8, 242, 2f6, 2)7, 258, J8I, 407, 409, 410, 4II, 412., 2)91 271 1 2791 29J 1 3101 JII, 421, 42.7, 428, 430, 432, 434, 410,.41 I ; comes of age, 174; 449,450; influence· of Prince receives Order of the Garter, Bismarck on, 1;8, 359, 360, 174; character in early man­ 404 ; Prince o Wales (King hood, 17)·6, 207; his opinion Edward VII.) avoids meet­ of his father, 176 ; secret en­ ing, 300 n. ; visit to England gagement of, 176 seq. ; visit (1889), 366-86; attitude of to England (I 88o), 182 ; Prince Bismarck to, 372; marriage of, 183, 410, 4II ; breach with Prince Bismarck, estrangement between Crown 376, 387, 437; and West- 492. INDEX

phalian miners, 376,377; in~ of, 446-7; and German navy, fluence of Count von Wal­ 447 ; presents Bismarck with dersee on, 383 ; state visit to sword of honour, 451; and England (I889), 383-4; fails the " Kruger telegram ", 462 ; to deny Freytag's slanders, and last days of Empress 396; refuses Empress Fred­ Frederick, 468; description erick headship of Red Cross of Empress Frederick, 469 · societies, 400, 40 I ; . conflict William, Prince, of Denmark with Prince Bismarck over (King George I. of the Socialist Law, 403 ; proposes Hellenes), 4I9 Labour Conference, 405, 406; Williams, Montague, 334 forbids monument to Em­ Winter, Burgomaster von, 40,41 peror Frederick m., 4I7; Wmterfeldt, General von, 264. and Sophie, Duchess of 323, 324. 379. 382 Sparta, 4w, 421; birth of Wotth, German victory at, 83 fourth son, 421 ; and Em­ Wrangel, Field-Marshal, 17, 19, press Frederick's Paris visit 52 (I89I), 422; Erfurt speech of Wurtemberg, Crown Prince of, (September I89I)1 427; pro­ 32 vocative acts and speeches of, Wurtemberg, King of, 78 428,429,432,433t450,462-3, 467 ; rapprockement between Yourievsky 1 Princess, I 8o-82., Bismarck and, 429, 430-p., I84 436, 446, 4SI; attends silver wedding of King and Queen Zedlitz, Count, 436 ofltaly, 440; colonial policy Zollverein, 13

THE END A SELECTION OF NEW BOOKS EARLY LIFE OF THOMAS HARDY, I84o-1891. Compiled largely from contemporary notes, letters, diaries, and biographical memoranda, as well as from oral informa­ tion in conversations extending over many years. By FLORENCE EMILY HARDY. With portraits and other illustrations. Svo. r8s. net. MR. HARDY'S LAST. POEMS-WINTER WORDS. In Various Moods and Metres. "By THOMAS HARDY, O.M. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.. FRANCIS JOSEPH OF AUSTRIA. A Biography. By Prof. JosEPH REDLICH, formerly a Member of tlie Austrian Parliament, and Austrian Minister of Finance in xgxS. With illustrations. 8vo. AFTER THIRTY YEARS. (Personal Memoirs of W. E. Gladstone.) By the Right Hon. the Viscount GLADSTONE, P.C., G.C.M.G. With portraits and other illustrations. 8vo. us. net. LIFE AND WORK OF SIR NORMAN LOCKYER. By T. MARY LocKYER and WINIFRED L. LotKYER, with the assistance of Professor H. DINGLE; and Contributions by CHARLES E. ST. JoHN, MEGH NAD SARA, Sir NAPIER SHAW, F.R.S., Professor H. N. RussELL, Rev. J. GRIFFITH, Sir RICHARD GREGORY, and Professor A. FoWLER, F.R.S. With photogravure frontis­ piece and other portraits and illustrations. 8vo. r8s. net. HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR. Based on Official Documents, by direction o£ the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. IV. Military Operations, France and :Belgium, 1915: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert, and Loos. Compiled by Brigadier-General Sir JAMES EDMONDS, C. B., C. M.G., R.E. (Retired), p.u. Maps and Sketches compiled by Major A. F. BECKE, R.A. (Retired), Hon. M.A. (Oxon.) 8vo. us. 6d. net. Separate case of maps. ss. 6d. net. MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON. KING EDWARD VII. A Biography. By Sir SIDNEY LEE. 2 vols. Medium 8vo. Vol. I. From Birth to Accession- gth November 1841 to 22nd January 1901. With 6 portraits in photogravure, 2 facsimile letters, and 3 maps. 3 Is. 6d. net. Vol. II. The Reign-22nd January 1901 to 6th May 19 I o. With 6 photogravure plates. 3 Is. 6d. net. The two vols., bound in Half Morocco and enclosed in Cloth Case, £4: 4s. net.

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