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Lives of the Last Four Princesses of the Royal House of Stuart

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Lives of the Last Four Princesses of the Royal House of Stuart <l National Library of Scotland IlllllHIIllllII *B000408982* \Lih\i\H\- Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/livesoflastfourp1872stri LIVES OF THE LAST FOUR PRINCESSES OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF STUART. PRINCESS MARY. AFTER A PAINTING BY HONTH' >RS L LIVES LAST FOUE PRINCESSES OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF STUART. By AGNES STRICKLAND, HISTORIAN OF "THE LIVES OP THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND," "THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND AND PRINCESSES CONNECTED WITH THE REGAL SUCCESSION OF GREAT BRITAIN," "THE BACHELOR KINGS OF ENGLAND," AND "LIVES OF THE TUDOR PRINCESSES." LONDON: BELL AND DALDY, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1872. LOKDt IN : PUINTEI) BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. .OfcAl PREFACE. This volume, containing lives of the last four Princesses of the royal house of Stuart, forms an appropriate sequel to our Lives of the Queens of England, or rather we should say of the Queens of Great Britain, into which our chain of royal female biographies expanded, on the succession of James VI. to the sovereignty of the Britannic Empire. The lives of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, and her daughter Sophia, Electress of Hanover, on whose posterity the regal succession of these realms was settled by the last parliament of King William III., have already been given in the " Lives of the Queens of Scotland and Princesses connected with the regal succession of Great Britain." We have now the honour of introducing the mother of King William III. to the attention of our readers. She was the eldest daughter of King Charles I. and his consort, Queen Henrietta Maria. She was the first lady who inherited the title of Princess-royal of Great Britain, at her birth, and this she never relinquished. Her earlv marriage with the hereditary Prince of VI PREFACE. Orange, the eldest son and successor of Frederick Henry, Stadtholder of Holland and the United States of the Netherlands, rendered it impossible to write her life correctly without a visit to the Hague. This I cheerfully undertook in the sumnier of 1869, and after some days' "residence in the Hotel Paulez, I enjoyed the honour of a private presentation to her majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, who is without exception the most accom- plished lady with whom I ever conversed. Her majesty showed me Vandyck's portraits of the Princess-royal and her consort, William II., and took me into her bedchamber, to see an exquisite miniature of the Princess ; but, however beautiful as a work of art, it was devoid of character, and I preferred for my frontispiece a delineation from her portrait by Honthurst, which though decidedly handsome, bears a strong resemblance to her son William III. I received great kindness from Mr. Campbell, the royal librarian at the Hague, who placed at my disposal several works of unspeakable service to me in my important undertaking—works not to be obtained in the British Museum, nor I believe in any library in England. Nor must I forget to acknowledge the courtesy I experienced from Mr. Van Sypesteyn, the M.P. of the Hague and secretary of state, who favoured me with a copy of Frederick Henry's autograph rules for the regulation of the household of his royal daughter-in-law. Mr. Sypesteyn, who is engaged in writing the life of the Pensionary de Witt PKEFACE. VII from original documents, assured me that statesman always kept a spy about the Princess-royal, to report her sayings and doings. So also did Cromwell, as we find from Thurloe's state papers, and the only wonder is that nothing really bad has been reported of her by these worthies. Much new and curious history connected with the exiled royal family of England is, however, thus brought to light. But while dwelling on the treasures elicited by researches in the archives of the Netherlands, I must not omit to acknowledge the rich stores in the Bodleian library at Oxford, and those in the noble library at Lambeth, nor the unwearied kindness of the Archbishop's friendly librarian, Kershaw Wayland, Esq., to whom I owe very much service and indulgence in the prosecution of the English portion of my task. The life of the Princess-royal is succeeded by the tearful story of the long captivity and early death of her sister, the Princess Elizabeth, at Carisbrook Castle, where the regicides had the cruelty to send the unoffending orphan children of their King, having deprived the death- stricken Elizabeth of her faithful governess. She only survived eight days after reaching that doleful prison- house. The biography of the beautiful Henrietta, the youngest daughter of Charles and Henrietta Maria, follows, and the history of her ill-assorted marriage with Philip of France, brother of Louis XIV. She was the ancestress, vm PREFACE. through the marriage of her second daughter, Anna Maria, with the Duke of Savoy, of the rightful King of France, Henry Cinque, and his consort ; also of Victor Emmanuel, the present King of Italy, and his son Prince Amadeus, now King of Spain, all representatives of our Charles I. We have ventured to include the youngest daughter of James II. among the Princesses of the royal house of Stuart; for although the king her father was deposed from the throne of Great Britain, she was no less royal than the daughters of Charles I. Her life has never before been written, and will probably be read with no less interest than that of the queen her mother, Mary Beatrice d'Este, the consort of James II. — CONTENTS. MARY, PRINCESS-ROYAL OF GREAT BRITAIN. CHAPTER I. Birth of Mary, Princess-royal, eldest daughter of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria, 4th November, 1631, in St. James's palace—Not expected to live—Baptized in haste—Becomes strong—Her happy childhood—Attached to her nurse —Decep- tive treaty for her marriage with Prince of Spain—Frederic Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland and the United States, represents to King Charles the unpopularity of that marriage—Offers to contract his eldest son to one of Charles's daughters—Elizabeth, the second daughter, first named, afterwards changed for Mary—Four Dutch ambassadors sent to negotiate the marriage—A portion of 40,000Z. promised Vith ber—Dutch ambassadors much pleased with the Princess They deliver letter from the Prince—Graciously received by her —They are much pleased with her manners—Princess takes cold at Lord Strafford's trial, laid up with swelled face and fever —Prince William of Orange embarks for England with his suite—Encounters rough weather—Mainmast of his ship broken—Is in great danger—Moves into another ship— Lands at Margate—Great chamberlain of England brings royal coaches to meet him—Conducts him and his train to London—Re- ceived by Prince of Wales and Duke of York at Whitehall Presented to the King and Queen—Their affectionate reception —He asks to see the Princess—Is told she is ill—He perseveres in his demand—King tells him " she is disfigured by her illness, fears he will think her portrait flattered, but if dis- satisfied, it is not too late to reject her"— Prince insists on seeing her—Is much pleased, and will not resign her—His lively letter to his father—Tells him the Princess is much — X CONTENTS. PAGK handsomer than her picture—Describes a quarrel and fight between his Dutch lords in his bedchamber—Becomes intimate with the Princess—Arrangements for the marriage in White- hall chapel—Costly decorations—Day of the bridal—Bride- groom's procession and dress—Procession and dress of the bride—She is given away by the King —Queen beholds the marriage from the window of her closet, with little Princess Elizabeth, Queen-dowager of France, and other ladies—King retires to his closet, followed by the bride and bridegroom Bride led by the Dutch ambassadors, between Prince of Wales and Duke of York—Hear prayers and sermon—They meet the. Queen and King in the State chamber—Ask and receive their blessing—Dutch ambassadors kiss the hand of the bride, pay their homage, and retire—Bride and bridegroom dine with King and Queen—After dinner Queen takes them out to walk with her in Hyde Park—Juvenile bride disrobed after supper and placed in the Queen's state bed—King leads bridegroom into the room, who enters the same bed with his bride—Withdraws after a short time—Prince describes his wedding to his father Says he is much in love with the Princess—He wishes to take her away with him—King refuses to let her go—Promises to send her to him—Their farewell interview—Princess gives him a jewel from her breast—Gives Dutch ambassadors the silver roses from her dress—They place them in their hats—Prince bids her adieu—Writes to her from Deal— She sends him an embroidered scarf—Her envoy, too late, follows the Prince to Goree, delivers it there ....... 1 CHAPTER II. Princess pursues her education in England—Her new governess, Lady Stanhope, wife of Heenvliet, Dutch ambassador—Princess goes with Queen in state through London to meet the King on his return from Scotland—Dines with royal family at Guildhall—Popular reception—Change of opinion—Retires with King and Queen to Hampton Court—In family group of King Charles's children, painted by Vandyke—Embarks with Queen for Holland—Stormy voyage—Lands at Helvoetsluys Met by her consort at Brill—Finishes journey by land Stadtholder meets and welcomes the Queen and his royal daughter-in-law —Merry family party in his coach— Dine at Hounslardyck—Pompous entry into Hague—Affectionately received by Princess of Orange, her consort's mother—Con- —— CONTENTS.
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