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JOHN F. KENNEDY

1917-1963

President

of the , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at at available use, of terms Core Cambridge the to subject ,

January 20, 1961 • November 22, 1963

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IN MEMORIAM

SIGMUND NEUMANN, Andrus Professor of Gov­ mand of international relations in the twentieth

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400283524 ernment and Social Science and first Director of the century. This REVIEW'S critic wrote that nowhere . . Center for Advanced Studies at Wesleyan Uni­ will one find "so excellent analysis of the political, versity, died of cancer on Octoper 22, 1962 in social and psychological factors which gave rise to Middletown, at the age of 58. National Socialism in , or of the nature He was born in , Germany, on May 1, and significance of National Socialism on the in­ 1904, and studied history, economics, political and ternational, national, and personal planes." He social science at the University of Heidelberg, the was a master of the two fields of comparative University of Grenoble and at the University of government and international relations, and as a Leipzig where, in 1927, he was awarded the teacher regularly offered seminars in political doctorate, summa cum laude. His long teaching theory as well. career began at Leipzig in 1926 as an instructor in Increasingly, Neumann was passing ideas on to

Sociology. In 1928 he became a lecturer at the others, his undergraduates at Wesleyan, the https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Deutsche Hochschule fiir Politik in Berlin and in many graduate students he found in serving as 1930 was advanced to be Professor of Political sometime visiting professor at Harvard, Yale, and Modern History there. Fletcher, Columbia and elsewhere, and his col­ Neumann left Germany in 1933. For a year he leagues throughout the profession. Increasingly, was a Rockefeller Research Fellow at the Royal he was reading manuscripts rather than writing Institute of International Affairs and at the them. He served on the editorial boards of this School of Economics and Political Sci­ REVIEW and of the Journal of Comparative ence. In 1934 he came to the United States to Studies in History and Society. As a member of the join the faculty of which he Committee on Comparative Politics of the Social served to the end of his life. He was first a lec­ Science Research Council for ten years he helped turer, became Associate Professor in 1937 and in organizing special panels and studies of the Professor in 1944. While serving primarily in the newer methods and interests of the field. During Department of Government, as its chairman from this period he edited a major survey of political time to time, he was also an active member of the parties around the world, in the first book on this Department of History and held a kind of roving scale, Modern Political Parties (Chicago 1955).

commission in the social sciences. He lived in many worlds and won esteem in all , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at at available use, of terms Core Cambridge the to subject , His scholarly reputation was established early, of them. At the time of his death he was a member before he left Germany, particularly by his book of the Council of the American Political Science Die deutschen Parteien: Wesen und Wandel nach Association and President of the New England dem Kriege (Berlin, 1932). He delineated the inner Political Science Association. During World War dynamics of the one-party state in "Political II he had trained senior officers for military Parties in Germany" in the Encyclopedia of the government in central Europe and been a con­

29 Sep 2021 at 22:56:19 at 2021 Sep 29 Social Sciences (Vol. 11, 1933), and also con­ sultant to the Office of Strategic Services. After

tributed a number of that encyclopedia's biog­ the war he worked with the Military Government , on on , raphies of German intellectuals. He wrote for a in Germany to reconstruct the social sciences at wide scholarly audience, in the lay quarterlies as German universities, for which the University of well as in the professional journals of political Munich honored him with an LL.D. He also science, sociology and history, and his articles

170.106.35.93 visited the Free University of Berlin as consultant often opened provocative ideas on emerging to the Ford Foundation and was honored there political problems. too, just a few months before his death, with an Many of the ideas set forth first in articles and LL.D. For years he was a regular lecturer at the . IP address: address: IP . lectures were restated and refined in Neumann's Army War College, National War College, Naval major book, Permanent Revolution: The Total War College and the United States Military Stale in a World at War (New York, 1942). Much Academy. His immense success as a teacher was was original but sixty pages of bibliography attest signified in 1960 when the Wesleyan Class of 1936 to his acquaintance with the literature. The book presented him the first James L. McConaughy, was praised especially for its novel exposition of Jr. Memorial Award. the subject of the leader and his lieutenants. He At Wesleyan, he was not only a most popular thought it his most significant work, and before teacher and companion of students. He was fre­ his death he labored to complete a revision of it, quently elected to membership on the important https://www.cambridge.org/core which is to be published in 1964. faculty committees dealing with educational In his next book, The Future in Perspective policy and personnel. And during the last five

(New York, 1946), Neumann displayed his com­ years of his life he directed two unique institutions Downloaded from from Downloaded 1070 THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW

on the Wesleyan campus. One was the Honors Brownlow's two great interests, politics and ad­ College which brought top undergraduates of all ministration. departments together for social refrshment and His death September 27, 1963, at age 84, intellectual discourse. The other was the new ended a fourfold career. Its first phase had been Center for Advanced Studies bringing accom­ as a political reporter: he was brought up in the

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400283524 plished scholars, professional men and artists old vigorous traditions of Southern journalism, . . from around the world to Middletown for a few and served with Watterson in Louisville and suc­ weeks, a semester or a year. His wife, Anna, had ceeded Irvin Cobb in Paducah. Its second was as died in 1954 and so, after, 1958, he served around a municipal administrator, beginning when the clock in his quarters at Russell House as head Woodrow Wilson made him chairman of the of Honors College and the Center. Excitement commissioners of the District of Columbia, and was in the air wherever he was.—CLEMENT E. continuing as a city manager in Petersburg and VOSE Knoxville, and as one of those who did most to set the standards of the city manager profession. Third, as the first Director of Public Administra­ S. B. MCALISTER, Texas distinguished professor tion Clearing House, he brought together the of government and director of government at associations of public agencies and officials in the https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms North Texas State University died March, 1963. "1313" center at Chicago; undertook, sometimes with their cooperation, to help them maintain FLOYD EMERY MCCAFFREE, Chairman of His­ an active relationship with the world of academic tory and Political Science in C. W. Post College, research especially through his chairmanship of died suddenly of heart failure, on June 2. He was the Committee on Public Administration of the born in Canova, South Dakota, in 1905. He re­ Social Science Research Council; and served as an ceived his B.A. degree at the University of Michi­ adviser to President Roosevelt, and chairman of gan, and his Ph.D. degree (as a Brookings Insti­ his Committee on Administrative Management, tution fellow) in 1938. He was among the brilliant in developing the main organizational strategy of group of scholars and teachers recruited by the the New Deal. late Jesse Reeves in the Political Science Depart­ Fourth, of course, was the period after his nom­ ment at the University of Michigan. His The inal retirement, when with little loss of energy Personnel of the United States Supreme Court, and none of zest he found fewer constraints on 1790-1931 was a significant study of the Court. his talents for speaking and writing. This gave In 1939 Dr. McCaffree joined the staff of the him the chance to give a wider public (through

Research Division of the Republican National his two-volume autobiography, A Passion for , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at at available use, of terms Core Cambridge the to subject , Committee in Washington, D. C, as a research Politics and A Passion for Anonymity) the flavor associate, and from 1943 to 1960 served as Direc­ of one of the most remarkable feats of self-educa­ tor of Research for the Committee. In his numer­ tion in American history. Not many men, I sup­ ous reports for the Committee, he never engaged pose, have been elected Vice President of the in personalities, but strictly confined himself to American Political Science Association without political and economic issues, conditions and ever having attended school. (Brownlow always trends. In 1960 he was appointed chairman of 29 Sep 2021 at 22:56:19 at 2021 Sep 29 liked to remind his friends that this was not History and Political Science in C. W. Post Col­

, on on , strictly true: late in his career he once attended lege. He greatly strengthened the department. the Arthur Murray School of Dancing.) But that And, as in his younger days, he proved to be a omission was one due to ill health as a child, and stimulating teacher. His colleagues in the Depart­ to the difficulties of life in the Ozarks shortly after ment well remember him as a friendly and en­ 170.106.35.93 the Civil War; he was brought up in a family with couraging administrator. Characteristically con­ a keen interest in politics and history, and in a scientious to the very end, he died at his desk community with a keen interest in theological while grading the blue-books of his students in controversy, and he never lost a taste for omnivor­ . IP address: address: IP . the final examination in American Government.— ous reading, and a capacity for total recall, that KENNETH COLEGROVE. knew no boundary of discipline or professional interest. LOUIS BROWNLOW left two great monuments His main formal monuments may be the Execu­ to his memory: 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago, tive Office and "1313," but it seems to me that and the Executive Office of the President in his greatest accomplishment was a more funda­ Washington. Both were created by the efforts of mental one: he played a strategic role in bringing many men, but his ideas and energies were fore­ the world of theory and the world of practice most. And these remain two centers in which the much closer together at the point in society where https://www.cambridge.org/core Federal Government, and the states and cities, professional standards are most difficult to de­

continue to maintain a fruitful union between velop : the relation between politics and adminis- Downloaded from from Downloaded NOTES AND NEWS 1071

tration. His partnership with Charles E. Mer- Affairs at Syracuse University—taking leaves to riam, while Merriam was the chairman of the advise the Indian Government on Public Ad­ Spelman Fund of New York and a leading influ­ ministration, and to serve as Director of the ence in the Social Science Research Council, Budget of the State of New York under Governor brought foundation funds for the first time into W. Averell Harriman.

the support, on a national scale, of governmental Although a wise, prudent, and distinguished https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400283524 . . research related in a direct way to major issues administrator, Paul Appleby's lasting contribu­ of policy and administration. Not many people tions to political science were in his books: Big remember how grants from the Public Admin­ Democracy (1947); Policy and Administration istration Clearing House, in amounts that today (1949); Morality in Administration (1952); and seem insignificant, provided the initial momen­ Citizens as Sovereigns (1962). Running through tum for work that later grew in importance—as all of these works was his concern with two basic when its temporary small grant program led questions: (1) how can large-scale public organiza­ many of the Federal departments in the early tions be held accountable and made to serve the 1930s to seek statutory authority to employ con­ public interest; and (2) how can the reality of the sultants, or when an initial grant, in the net policy-making process be conveyed to the aca­ amount of $1,293.99, made it possible for Presi­ demic world so that false dichotomies {e.g., policy- https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms dent Roosevelt to appoint his Science Advisory administration) can be discarded. Board of 1933-35, the prototype of the President's Paul Appleby's concern with the ethics of Science Advisory Committee today. public management was a central theme running He was profoundly proud of the professional through his writings and his life. He was peculiarly esprit de corps that he had helped develop among sensitive to the realities of politics and pressures public administrators, and at the same time caus­ as they impinged upon the moral questions of tically critical of its narrow and defensive aspects. decision-making. But he never lost faith in the Among professors of political science, he would essential morality of a pluralistic society informed never assume the role of a systematic scholar, but by a democratic ethos. A passionate defender of a considerable number of them owed a great deal minority rights, his ultimate appeal was to the of their advanced education to his historical per­ moral propensities and expectations of the spective, his scorn for irrelevant methodol­ democratic majority. ogy, and his intense interest in the moral and His true epitaph is perhaps in words which ap­ philosophical, as well as the scientific, foundations peared in Citizens as Sovereigns: "In a world of of their discipline.—DON K. PRICE. managers, experts, computers, and rockets, are citizens really sovereign? The answer: The citizen , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at at available use, of terms Core Cambridge the to subject , is sovereign in his choice of leadership." And to PAUL HENSON APPLEBY died of a heart attack quote once again: "As Americans mature it is on October 21, 1963. Few men in this century their sovereign responsibility to exact higher have combined more effectively a life of public types of leadership and to give that leadership service and of seminal and reflective writing better structures in which local eogisms yield about public affairs. more readily to a patriotism which, while deeper

Born on a farm in Green County, Missouri, he than ever, has attained a new breadth. Realiza­ 29 Sep 2021 at 22:56:19 at 2021 Sep 29 received a bachelor's degree in 1913 from Grinnell tion of self-interest can no longer have less than , on on , College, Iowa. He spent the following decade and planetary perspective and implementation. But a half in journalism—editing weekly newspapers the instruments of the ablest leaders must be in Iowa, Montana, Minnesota, and Virginia; and basically institutions. Our new professions at the

serving for a time as an editorial writer on the world level will not in fact be reassuring except as 170.106.35.93 Des Moines Register and Tribune. we demonstrate that we have learned to conduct His next fifteen years were spent in the federal our own institutional affairs in suficiently whole- service. He was Executive Assistant to the nation terms."

. IP address: address: IP . Secretary of Agriculture, Under-secretary of Humble, witty, shrewd, and penetrating in his Agriculture, a war-time international negotiator moral and intellectual insights, Paul Appleby will on food and agricultural problems for President be remembered by countless friends who saw in Roosevelt, and Director of the United States him the makings of greatness as a public servant, Bureau of the Budget under President Truman. an academic dean, an author of important books, From 1948 to 1956 he was Dean of the Maxwell and a wise and gentle teacher.—STEPHEN K.

Graduate School of Citizenship and Public BAILEY

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