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Kansas Handbook of Traffic Control Guidance for Low-Volume Rural Roads

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Kansas Handbook of Traffic Control Guidance for Low-Volume Rural Roads Kansas Handbook of Traffic Control Guidance for Low-Volume Rural Roads Fourth Edition, 2017 Kansas County Highway Association Kansas Association of Counties Kansas LTAP meets the needs of road and bridge departments Kansas Local Technical Assistance Program in local governments for information, training and technical assistance. 1536 West 15th Street Room G520 Lawrence, Kansas 66045 phone: (785) 864-5658 fax: (785) 864-3199 www.ksltap.org Printing, design and technical assistance for this handbook was provided by the Kansas Local Technical Assistance Program at the Kansas University Transportation Center. The Kansas University Transportation Center makes no claims, promises or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of this handbook and expressly disclaims liability for errors and omissions in its contents. Any engineering practices and procedures set forth in this handbook shall be implemented by or under the supervision of a licensed professional engineer in accordance with Kansas state statutes dealing with the technical professions. The University of Kansas is an equal opportunity/affirmative action institution. Copyright © 2017, KU Transportation Center. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this publication requires written permission. Cover photo: Gerald J. Wiens, Fur & Feathers Photography, Marion KS. wiensphoto.com KANSAS HANDBOOK OF TRAFFIC CONTROL GUIDANCE FOR LOW-VOLUME RURAL ROADS FORWARD The purpose of the Kansas Handbook of Traffic Control Guidance for Low-Volume Rural Roads (a.k.a. Kansas LVR Handbook) is to provide guidance to counties and townships for complying with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), 2009 Edition with Revisions 1 and 2 on their low-volume rural roads. The standards in the MUTCD apply to all public roads, but the application of the standards and guidance is based on engineering judgment. Engineering judgment takes into account site-specific conditions including the type of road and characteristics of drivers and vehicles using the road. This Handbook provides help for interpreting the guidance statements in the MUTCD. The statewide use of this Handbook should result in more consistent signing of local roads for more consistent driver expectations. The MUTCD details the standards, recommendations and options for traffic control devices on public roads in Kansas and most of the United States. This Handbook is relatively brief because it was developed to just include typical situations that might be encountered in a rural area on low-volume roads. Refer to the MUTCD for situa- tions not included in this Handbook. Use the guidance in this Handbook only on low-volume rural roads. Counties and townships in Kansas maintain about 109,000 miles of road. At the time of publication only 19 of 105 counties and no townships have professional engineers on staff. Therefore, Kansas has a vast majority of counties and townships with limited technical training on the application of the MUTCD to the roads for which they are responsible. Each agency is expected to abide by the requirements in the MUTCD and to exercise engineering judgment on the proper application of those requirements and recommendations. The Kansas LVR Handbook is intended for county engineers, county road supervisors, township boards, and other local officials with rural road responsibilities. DISCLAIMER This LVR Handbook is meant to provide completely compatible, supplementary material as an aid to under- standing and complying with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2009 Edition (MUTCD). In the case of any actual or implied difference between this Handbook and the MUTCD, the MUTCD would govern. The Kansas LVR Handbook provides guidance on complying with the MUTCD and is not a standard. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND HISTORY This document is the fourth edition of what was previously titled Handbook of Traffic Control Practices for Low- Volume Rural Roads. The previous editions were dated 1981, 1991 and 2005, and are superseded by this Hand- book. Much of the content of this Handbook is based on the previous editions and the work of the previous project directors: Dr. Bob L. Smith, P.E. and Dr. Eugene R. Russell, P.E. of the Civil Engineering Department at Kansas State University. KANSAS HANDBOOK OF TRAFFIC CONTROL GUIDANCE FOR LOW-VOLUME RURAL ROADS Principal Author Advisory Committee: Norman L. Bowers, P.E. & P.S. Design and Maintenance Standards Committee of Kansas Local Road Engineer County Highway Association: Kansas Association of Counties Keith Browning, P.E., Douglas County Topeka, Kansas Penny L. Evans, P.E., Sedgwick County Leon Hobson, P.E., Riley County Technical Advisor Darryl Lutz, P.E., Butler County Mehrdad Givechi, P.E., PTOE Glen Tyson, Osage County Traffic/Safety Engineer Tod Salfrank, Kansas Department of Transportation, Kansas LTAP, University of Kansas Transportation Center Bureau of Local Projects Lawrence Kansas TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1 CHAPTER 3 - GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SIGN LOCATION ................................................................. 10 1.0 The MUTCD ..................................................................1 3.0 Requirements of Traffic Control Devices .......................10 1.1 Traffic Control Devices Definition ...................................1 3.1 General Visibility Considerations ..................................10 1.2 Low-Volume Road Definition �����������������������������������������1 3.2 Side of Road .................................................................10 1.3 Engineering Judgment ....................................................1 3.3 Separate Posts ...............................................................10 1.4 Engineering Study ..........................................................1 3.4 Orientation ...................................................................10 1.5 Standards, Guidance, Option and Support Headings ......2 3.5 Vertical Placement (Mounting Height) ��������������������������10 1.6 Basis for Installing Traffic Control Devices ......................2 3.6 Lateral Placement .........................................................11 1.7 Interpreting Guidance on Low-Volume Road ..................2 3.7 Longitudinal Placement of Regulatory Signs .................11 1.8 Implementing MUTCD Revisions ����������������������������������3 3.8 Longitudinal Placement of Advance Warning Signs ......12 1.9 Maintenance ...................................................................3 3.9 Size of Signs .................................................................13 1.10 Retroreflectivity of Signs ...............................................4 3.10 Sign Support Systems (Posts) .....................................14 1.11 Sign Classifications .......................................................4 1.12 Pavement Markings ......................................................5 CHAPTER 4 - HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT AND INTERSECTION WARNING SIGNS .................................... 15 CHAPTER 2 - DRIVER BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES ................. 6 4.0 General.........................................................................15 2.0 Driver Expectancy ..........................................................6 4.1 Intersection Warning Signs �������������������������������������������15 2.1 Consistency ....................................................................6 4.2 Horizontal Alignment Warning Signs ...........................16 2.2 Road Classification .........................................................7 4.3 Chevron Alignment Sign (W1-8) ..................................17 4.4 Delineators ...................................................................18 CHAPTER 5 - COMMON WARNING SIGNS ...................... 19 CHAPTER 8 - NARROW BRIDGES, CULVERTS AND ROADSIDE OBSTACLES ..................................................... 27 5.0 STOP AHEAD and YIELD AHEAD Signs (W3-1 and W3-2) .......................................................19 8.0 General.........................................................................27 5.1 REDUCED SPEED LIMIT AHEAD Signs 8.1 Positive Guidance .........................................................27 (W3-5 and W3-5a) ......................................................19 8.2 Tapering Technique ......................................................27 5.2 DEAD END or NO OUTLET Sign 8.3 NARROW BRIDGE Sign (W5-2) ����������������������������������28 (W14-1, W14-1a, W14-2, W14-2a) ............................19 8.4 ONE LANE BRIDGE Sign (W5-3) ��������������������������������28 5.3 NO TRAFFIC SIGNS Sign (W18-1) ������������������������������19 8.5 Object Markers .............................................................28 5.4 ROAD MAY FLOOD Sign (W8-18)...............................20 8.6 Markings for Objects Within the Roadway ...................29 5.5 SCHOOL BUS STOP AHEAD Sign (S3-1) ....................20 8.7 Markings for Objects Adjacent to the Roadway ............29 5.6 Vehicular Traffic Warning Sign (W11 Series and W8-6) ...................................................................20 8.8 Object Markers and Farm Equipment ��������������������������30 5.7 Non-Vehicular Warning Signs (W11 Series) .................20 5.8 Supplemental Plaques ..................................................20 5.9 End of Road Markers (OM-4) .......................................21 CHAPTER 9 – LOW-WATER STREAM 5.10 NO PASSING ZONE Sign (W14-3) ............................21 CROSSINGS .......................................................................
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