CHAPTER I

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1.1 Introduction

1.2 Role of women in

1.3 Metamorphosis of city

1.4 Significance of the study

1.5 Statement of the problem under study

1.6 Objective of the study

1.7 Justification of the study

1.8 Hypothesis

1.9 Research Methodology

1.10 Limitation of the study

1.11 Chapter Scheme

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1.1 INTRODUCTION :-

Investment is saving money and engaged them with the expectation of earning profit in future. Investment behavior of an investor depends on his/her risk perception and risk attitude. As per modern portfolio theory risk taking of an investor depends on his risk attitude. Perception is the first step in decision making followed by considering various avenues and making choice out of them and then taking the action, which is behavior of the investor.

There are different motives for investment. The most prominent among all is to earn a return on investment. However, selecting investment on the basis of return is no enough. The fact is that most investors invest their funds in more than one security suggest that there are other factors, besides return, and they must be considered. The investors not only like return but also dislike risk.

1.2 ROLE OF WOMEN IN INDIA

21st Century is leading by Women. Jyoti Naik and Preetha Reddy is example of successful business women in corporate India. While the former is past President of Lijjat papad, the latter is Managing Director of Apollo Hospitals. The list is endless with the obvious names such as Chanda Kocchar, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw and Naina Lal Kidwai. It is not only that corporate India is reckoning this emerging breed of swashbuckling women CEOs’ Chairman and Managers. Walk into any office in India and there is a least possibility that one might not find a woman heading senior position or leading a team.

An understanding of Indian women of the identity and especially of their role taking and breaking new paths will be incomplete without a walk down the corridors of Indian history where women have paused, lived and internalized various role models.

In ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life. Indian grammarian such as Patanjali suggests that women were educated in early Vedic period. Scriputre’s such as Rig Veda and Upanishads mention several women sages and seers, notably Gargi and Maitreyi.

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Some kingdoms in ancient India had traditions such as ‘Nagarvadhu’ (“bride of the city”) women competed to win the coveted title of the Nagarvadhu. Amrapali is the most famous example of Nagarvadhu.

Women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early vedic period. However, later (approxmately 500 B.C) the status of women began to decline with the Smritis and with the Islamic invasion of Babur and the Mughal empire.

Women in post Independent India faced a major upheaval as regards their position, perception and role in society. In the period immediately following independence a number of constitutional provisions were made for women’s social, economic and political benefits.

The Government of India declared 2001 as the year of ‘Women Empowerment’ (Swashakti).

The development-oriented policy towards female members of the nation adopted since pre independence, women’s participation has been significant in national development. The social-economic profile of female members of the country has improved and so it is the women empowerment to some extent. Rise in the percentage of working women is an indicator of positive shift in case of women in responding to national, educational and employment policies.

Considering that women are again empowered today, it is essential to study economical and financial stability and independent decision making power of women in current scenario. Women are working in various fields. IT sector is one of the leading sector in the economy. So researcher studied the “Income growth and Investment pattern of IT sector women employees in Pune city”

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Map of India :

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Map of State :

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1.3 Metamorphosis of Pune city

Pune City Map

History of Pune:-

Pune is the 9th mass populous city in India and the second largest city in the state Maharashtra. Pune is also the 101st largest city in the world by population. Pune city is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the center of power of Empire established by Shivaji Maharaj. Pune was part of the Jagir granted to Maloji Bhosale in 1599 for his service to the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar. His grandson Shivaji the founder of Maratha Empire, was born in Shivneri which is near from Pune. Shivaji was brought up by his mother in Pune city.

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Shivaji encouraged the development of dams in Parvati and Kondhwa regions of Pune for agricultural purpose. Pune and its surrounding villages were the major recruitment areas for Shivaji’s army between 1645 AD and 1680 AD.

In 1720 Bajirao-I was appointed as Peshwa (Prime Minister) of the Maratha Empire by Shahu Maharaj. He moved his base from Saswad to pune in 1728. Bajirao started construction of Shaniwarwada on the right bank of the Mutha river. The construction was completed in 1730.

Pune prospered as a city during the reign of Nanasaheb Peshwa. He developed Sarasbaug, HeeraBaug, Parvati Hill and new Commercial, trading and residential localities- Sadashivpeth, Narayan Peth, Rasta Peth and Nana Peth were developed in this era.

Pune was an important centre in the social and religious reform movements of the late 19th Century. Prominent social reformers and freedom famous fighters lived here, including Mahatma , , , , Vitthal Ramji Shinde and Dr. Raghunath Karve resided in pune.

Pune since Independence :-

After Indian Independence in 1947 from Britain, Pune saw a lot of development, such as establishment of National Defence Academy Laborotary at Pashan.

The Kirloskar Group was the first to bring industry to Pune by setting up Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd in 1950 at Kirkee in pune. However Pune’s sleepy environs fast experienced significant change in 1950’s and 1960’s. When Kirloskar and Vaidya started production of oil engines and rubber products respectively. Industrial development started at Hadapsar, Nigadi, Pimpari etc. In 1961 Tata Motors started operations in the city which raised the status of Pune as the future Detroit of India.

When the Panshet dam broke in July 1961 it’s water destroyed much of old pune, but the disaster proved to be a great opportunity to introduce modern town planning

9 concept and rebuild the urban landscape. By 1966 the city had seen all round expansion taking place at a faster rate. The eastern corridor, Pimpari chinchwad, Hinjewadi, Chakan etc suddenly made Pune not only a business hub to reckon with but also a global destination. In the year 2000 Pune was only about 230sq. kms and a decade later, it has grown to 450 sq. kms. Growth of pune taking place in the north, south, east and west and all the places in between pune is rapidly growing in terms city limits, population number of vehicle, infrastructure etc. In term of housing, there has been steady growth since last decades. Pune has added nearly three lakh houses, on an ongoing basis about 30000 houses a year, mainly in the lower middle income group to the top end. As a organized sector is growing along with city limits. The growth drivers include IT and manufacturing hub alongwith climate, a non militant labour force and improved connectivity due to -Pune Expressway and the airport. Mumbai Pune Expressway has improved connectivity by reducing the time spent on the road to a two-three hour journey. The immediate access has ensured the speedy expansion of Pune along the entire corridor from the exit of the Expressway and along the Pune Bangalore Highway areas like Hinjewadi, Balewadi, Baner, Sus Pashan, all developed substantially and still hold immense potential of growth due to connectivity.

Pune has been known as a cultural capital of Maharashtra state. There are many educational institutions in pune city with provide professional work force for IT and automobile hub. These institute offer excellent placement opportunities to students by inviting top companies and industries. The recruitment process becomes easier for them because many industrial houses are based at Pune and Pimpari Chinchwad areas, It has given momentum to the local economy. Pune University is one of the oldest university in the world. Pune is home to elite institutions like Gokhale Institute, Institution of Politics and Economics, Bhandarkar Institute, Agarkar Institute, Pune Film and Television Institute of India, Deccan college of Archeology etc. There are many private Universities like symbiosis, Bharati Vidyapeeth etc. As the city has many different types of educational Institutions and Universities, it is popularly known as the Oxford of the ‘East.’

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The concept of IT parks touched Pune way back in 2000 to encourage new IT companies. Since then many ITparks have been established in the city. The Rajiv Gandhi IT parks, Magarpatta cyber city, the MIDC software Technology park at Talawade, the Marisoft IT park, Kumar Cerebrum IT park at Kalyani Nagar, The International Convention Centre (ICC) and Weikfield IT park are the name of popular IT parks. Pune is home to all the major IT companies-Infosys, Wipro, Zensar Technologies. Cognizant, Kanbay Tata Technologies(KPIT), Tata consultancy services (TCS) etc, from multinational to Indian co’s are located in pune. The big bulls-EXL, M Source Convergeys, HSBC, Aviva etc have all set up shops here and many of these companies are venturing out their centers in Bangalore and Hyderabad to make pune the hub of their expansion plans. There are several service providers in Pune city. There are ITO providers such as Accenture, Cognizant, CSC, Geometric, HCL, IBN, Infosys, TCS, Tech Mahindra, Wipro, Zensar and many more. Pune city has became attractive place for industrialists and businessman because of the following reasons :-

1) Pune is close to Mumbai, the financial capital of the country. 2) The city is developing skills in financial services. 3) Regarding government initiatives, Maharashtra IT policy offers special, real estate and mega incentives which are at par with the other top outsourcing cities. 4) Now after IT, ITES and BPO revolution knowledge processing outsourcing (KPO) is being touted as the next big thing to hit India with its immense talent pool, Pune is also ready to be the next KPO hub in India. 5) According to MCCIA, there are 4790 micro industries units employing 47900 employees, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) 4600 employing 4,14,000 employees and large scale industries, 110 employing about 80,000 employees.

Thus Pune has the highest number of educated providing required talents and skills for industrial and service sectors. Pune city has been selected for the purpose of present study, “Analysis of Income growth and Investment pattern of IT sector women employee .”

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1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY :

“To awaken the people,

It is women who must be awaked;

Once she in on the move, the family moves,

the village moves & the nation moves.”

Pandit Nehru

In the area of empowerment of women various studies have been conducted in various areas like decision making, fertility and other matters but unfortunately the financial empowerment of women is not yet highlighted in the studies.

The existing studies concentrated on the problem of women employees in IT sector but paid less attention to income growth and investment related matters.

So Researcher Studied the economical and financial stability and independent decision making power in current scenario.

1.5 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM UNDER STUDY:

As discussed earlier women are playing a considerable role in overall development of society. Earning women are important in financial stability of family. Change in women role is really extended to investment decisions or not is a real question of her independence. Researcher thereby studied following aspects and problems through present research-

1. The women employees consider the factors of income growth.

2. Women employees are aware about various investment instruments.

3. Women employees are aware about investment risk.

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4. Factors influencing investment decisions and role of women in family investment decisions.

5. Women employees are aware of financial stability.

1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY :

Investments are income dependent. Women working in IT sector are generally highly educated and earning good amount of income. As IT sector women have investable surplus, this sector is consider for research purpose. The present study is aimed at assessing the “Income growth and Investment pattern of IT sector women employee in Pune City.” In this regards, the following objectives have been framed for the purpose of present study.

1. To understand the preferences of women employee in IT Industry in relation to investment.

2. To know the factors influencing the investment decision of women employee.

3. To study income growth of women employees in IT Industry.

4. To study the financial literacy of women employees in IT industry.

5. To analyze the decision pattern of investment among women employees in selected study area.

6. To study the view of women employees about their income growth.

7. To suggest measures to women employees in IT sector for their growth of income & investment.

1.7 A JUSTIFICATION OF OBJECTIVES :

Women made up almost half of the population in India and hence they are the stake holders in the growing economy of the country. In order to build up a strong foundation for the generation of the young India, the government itself has taken

13 drastic steps to encourage the empowerment of women. Today in every corner of the world more and more women are surfing the waves of economic opportunities and self determination through business entrepreneurship. The contribution of women in the development of the economy as well as their social progress should not be ignored.

India has 397 million workers, 124 million are women, 107 million are in rural areas, 19 million are in urban areas only 8% of India’s labour force is in the organized sector, 93% is in unorganized, informal sectors 97% of women workers are in unorganized sectors, female WPR has increased from 23 to 30%. In urban areas it has increased from 8 to 11%. So Indian women’s investment decision are helping mobilization of funds, if such investment are through proper channels. It will boost the economy by the way of reinvestment by government. So by studying the income growth and investment pattern of IT sector women employees the researcher also want to create awareness about social investment pattern which is helping the economy.

1.8 HYPOTHESES :

Hypothesis is a mere assumption or some supposition, formal question that the researcher intends to solve. Acc. To Coffey, “A hypothesis is an attempt to explanation, A provisional supposition made in order to explain scientifically some fact or phenomenon.”

Acc. To Cohel & Nagel, “ A hypothesis directs our search for the order.”

It is not essential for a hypothesis to be essentially true. In fact, it is not a claim of truth but a claim for truth.Hypothesis is a bridge in the process of inquiry or search, which begings with some felt difficulty or problem and ends without the resolotuion of the problem. The truth of hypothesis involves observation, imaginative thinking, anticipation and deductive verification. In short, hypothesis is a predictive statement capable of being tested by scientific methods that relates an independent variable to some dependent variable.

The following Hypotheses have been framed and proved with the appropriate statistical tool in order to draw a valid conclusion.

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Hypothesis 1

Ho : Investment pattern of women employees in IT sector is independent of their growth of income.

H1: Investment pattern of women employees in IT sector depends on their growth of income.

Hypothesis 2

H0: The family financial decisions are not influenced by women employees

H1: The women employees are playing important role in family financial decisions i.e. The family financial decisions are influenced by women employees

1.9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :

The main objective of the present study is to understand the investment pattern of IT sector women employee in Pune city.

Research Design

The present study is mainly descriptive type with the field survey it seeks to find out investors preferences for various avenues of investment and co-relate them with their age, qualification, income, marital status etc. The present study attempt to describe the income growth in respect of investment decision making.

Sampling Design :-According to DIC report 2015 there are 1286 registered IT companies and according to NASSCOM there are 1105 registered IT companies in pune city, exact data related to the registered IT companies is not available hence for better results researcher took 250 Samples of women employees from 70 different IT companies in pune city.

For the present study data was collected on random basis. Convenient Sampling techniques were followed for selecting sample of the present study.

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Sample Size :The size of sample is determine to be 250.

Period of Study:- 2011-2016

Selection of area - Pune City

Selection of Sample- Women employee in IT sector.

Statistical Tool :

Statistical tools and techniques used included SPSS (Statistical Packages for social science). Excel software application, percentage, Chi square test to arrive the meaningful conclusions.

Date Collection :

Data collection is one of the most important steps in the research process. Nature of collected data shapes and designs a research. A formal data collection is necessary as it ensures that data gathered are both defined and accurate and that subsequent decisions based on the arguments in the finding are valid. The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in certain cases a target on what to improve. On the basis of the nature of the present study, the researcher has collected two types of data that is primary as well as secondary data.

Primary Data :

Primary data was collected through observation and structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in such a way that the respondent could give correct information and fill up the questionnaire in short time. Most of the questions were close ended. So that they can easily select the alternatives while answering the question asked. The questionnaire contain four main parts i.e. Personal Information, Organizational information , information about economic status of the respondents and information about investment preferences and patterns.

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Questions regarding personal information include name, age, educational qualification, marital status, family type, no. of dependents, house types. This information is general information about the respondent to know impact of qualification, family type, number of dependent on investment decision.

Regarding organizational information, it includes name of the company, address of the company, nature of the company. This information is to know future aspect of job profile, length of service and stability as these factors are also important in investment decisions.

Questions regarding economic status of the respondents include their annual monthly income, average percentage of investment, preferences for investment, average percentage of investment per year of income. This information is bringing out the real preference for investments, factors affecting investment decisions and awareness among investors.

Secondary Data :

Secondary data are those data, which are already published. The study has been compiled from secondary data sources like various research, studies including internet data, books related to subject matter, articles published in different publications, journal, newspaper articles etc.

Selection of Investment Avenues :

There are various investment avenues available at the discretion of the retail investors in general and women investors in particular. However, for the purpose of the present study, the investment avenues-Gold, LIC, Bank Deposits, Mutual funds, Postal investments, PPF, Shares and Real Estate have been selected. Preferences of women employee in IT sectors are analyzed in this study.

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1.10 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study is subject to the following limitations.

1) This study is based on mainly primary data. Personal information that is sensitive in nature is obtained from respondents working in IT sector. As usual people are reluctant to share personal information related to income level, investment, assets etc. Such vital information has been collected in range.

2) Outcome and result of this research are concerned with women employee in IT sector in pune city. Hence may not be applicable with other women employee in the same region and other geographical region.

3) The study in confined to 250 women employee only in IT Sector.

4) Respondent’s bias is yet another limitation of the study. The result of the analysis made in study depends fully on the information given by the respondents.

5) Women investor’s are unwilling to answer several questions. However with great difficulty the response was obtained.

6) The preferences of scheme of investment avenues may change from time to time, hence study is valid for specific time only.

7) This study is restricted only to income growth and investment pattern of women employee.

1.11 CHAPTER SCHEME

Chapter I- Introduction and Research Methodology.

This Chapter deals with the Introduction and design of the study. It includes introduction, need for study, scope of the study, objective of the study, research methodology and limitation of the study.

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Chapter II - Review Of literature

The second chapter has been devoted to the review of literature. In this chapter the researcher has reviewed the previous research in the related area of this present research, reviewed various research papers, books, journals, news papers items and related web sites.

Chapter III -Changing scenario of working women

This chapter deals with evolution of status of women in India it includes detailed discussion about the evolution of the status of women in India.

Chapter IV – Investment avenues for Women

This chapter deals with various avenues available for women, factors influencing on Investment decision, features of an investment programme.

Chapter V- Data Analysis & Interpretation

This chapter consist of data analysis and interpretation. The data collected through questionnaire has been analyzed and interpreted, in order to arrive at meaningful Conclusion.

Chapter VI- Finding, Suggestions and Conclusion.

The chapter includes conclusion arrived at after data analysis and interpretation and suggestions are given to increase awareness of investment of women employee.

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CHAPTER I

REFERENCES :

1) www.youthkiawaz.com

2) www.naaree.com/suceessful-women-entrepreneur-india-it

3) www.indianetzone.com/8/india_business_women.htm

4) Maratha chamber of commerce, Industries & Agriculture (MCCIA). Pune Industrial special Report, June 2008.

5) www.scribd.com

6) www.wekipedia.com

7) http://www.macsstuff.net/photobov/map-india-pune

8) http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/maharashtra/map-of-maharashtra

9) www.mapsofindia.com/pune/travel-to-pune-html

10) http://memberdirectory.nasscom.in/mms_company_free_search/city/pune

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