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Brahmo Samaj 5 Lesson - 2 Prarthana Samaj 25 Lesson - 3 Satya Shodak - J.B Directorate of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF JAMMU JAMMU REFERENCE/ STUDY MATERIAL For M.A. SOCIOLOGY SEMESTER - IVth Title : SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Course No. : SOC-C-402 Lesson : 1 - 23 Course Co-ordinator Teacher Incharge Prof. ABHA CHAUHAN Dr. NEHA VIJ HOD, Deptt. of Sociology P.G. Sociology University of Jammu DDE, University of Jammu http:/www.distanceeducationju.in Printed and Published on behalf of the Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu, Jammu by the Director, DDE, University of Jammu, Jammu. ( 1 ) Experts involved in Script Writing Course Contributors • Prof. Abha Chauhan • Prof. Vishav Raksha • Dr. Hema Gandotra • Dr. Neha Vij Content Editing Dr. Neha Vij © Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu, 2018 • All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the DDE, University of Jammu. • The script writer shall be responsible for the lesson / script submitted to the DDE and any plagiarism shall be his/her entire responsbility. • Printed by : Pathania Printers / 2019 / Books ( 2 ) Syllabus of Sociology M.A. 4th Semester for the Examination to be held in the year May 2020,2021, 2022 (Non-CBCS) Course No. : SOC-C-402 Title : Social Development in India Credits : 6 Maximum Marks : 100 Duration of Examination : 2½ Hrs. a) Semester Examination : 80 (External) b) Internal Assessment : 20 (Internal) Objectives : The objective of the course is to introduce the changes that have taken place in the social structure, cultural values and institutions in India due to the British impact and the planned development during the post-independence period. The focus of the course is on issue of social development in modern India, social development of disadvantages groups and current debates in modern India. Unit-I Social Development and Emergency of Modern India : Issues of Equity during 19th century – Brahmo & Prarthana Samaj, Satya Shodhak of J.B. Phule; Arya Samaj Social Development – M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar. Unit-II Social Development in Post Independent India ; The Nehruvion vision of State, Planning and Development; Hindutva – V.D. Savarkar; Muslim League The Socialist Discourse – Jayprakash Narayan & Ram Manohar Lohia; Unit-III Social Development, Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy; Concept of Social Development; Social Exclusion; Inclusive policy;. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes & Other Backward Classes; Gender and disadvantages groups. ( 3 ) Unit-IV Current Debates in India : Identity formation and Ethnic assertion; Dalit-Bahujan Discourse; Movement for Tribal autonomy or their integration; Reservation Policy and the Backward Classes. Reservation for Muslims-Christians Dalits. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTING : The question paper will consist of three section A, B, and C. Section A will consist of eight long answer type questions, two from each unit with internal choice. Each question carries 12 marks. The candidates is required to answer any four questions selecting one from each unit. Total weightage will be of 12 x 4 = 48 marks. Section B will consist of eight short answer type questions two from each unit with internal choice. Each question carries 6 marks. The candidate is required to answer any four questions selecting one from each unit. Total weightage will be of 6 x 4 = 24 marks. Section C will consist of eight objective type questions of one mark each. The candidate is required answer the entire eight questions. Total weightage will be of 1 x 8 = 8 marks. ( 4 ) Prescribed Readings: 1. Ambedkar, B.R. 1984. The Untouchables: Who were they and why they became untouchables. New Delhi: Amrit Book Company. 2. Basu, A.R. 1985. Tribal Development Programmes and Administration in India, New Delhi: National Book Organization (Chapters 2 & 15]. 3. Basu, D. K. and R. Sisson (eds.). 1986. Social and Economic Development in India, New Delhi: Sage Publications. 4. Beteille, Andre. 1992. The Backward Classes in Contemporary India, Delhi: Oxford University Press. 5. Beteille, Andre. 2000. Antimonies of Society: Essays on Ideologies and Institutions, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 6. Bhatt Chetan, 2001. Hindu Nationalism: Origins, Ideologies and Modern Myths, Berg Publishers. 7. Chandra, Bipin, 1984. Communalism in Modern India, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing 8. Chandra, Bipin. 1999. Essay on Colonialism, Hyderabad: Orient Longman (Chapter-1-3) 9. Corbridge, Stuart. 2000. ‘Competing Inequalities: The Scheduled Tribes and the Reservation System in India’s Jharkhand’, The Journal of Asian Studies. Vol.59 [1): 62-85. 10. Desai, A.R. 1966. Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 11. Desai, A.R. 1985. India’s Path of Development: A Marxist Approach, Bombay: Popular Prakashan (Chapter 2). 12. Dube, S.C. 1973. Modernization and Development: In Search of Humane Alternatives, New Delhi: Vistar Publication. 13. Galanter, Marc. 1984. Competing Equalities, Law and the Backward Classes in India, Berkeley: University of California Press . 14. Gore, M.S. 1993. The Social Context of an Ideology: The Social and Political Thoughts of BabasahebAmbedkar. New Delhi: Sage Publication. 15. Gupta, Dipankar. (ed.). 2004. Caste in Question: Identity or hierarchy?, New Delhi: Sage Publications House, Chapter-Chapter-1-4 and 6 16. Ilaiah, Kancha 1996. Why I am not a Hindu, Calcutta: Samya (Bhatkal & Sen). 17. India: Social Development Report. 2006, 2008, New Delhi: Council for Social Development. 18. Jaffrelot, Christophe. 1996. The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics, New Delhi: Penguin. 19. Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2000. ‘The Rise of the Other Backward Classes in the Hindi Belt’ The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.59(1): 86-108. 20. Jaffrelot, Christophe. 2003. India’s Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India, Columbia: Columbia University Press. ( 5 ) CONTENTS Unit Lesson No. Page No. I : Social Development and Emergence of Modern India : 5-75 Lesson - 1 Brahmo Samaj 5 Lesson - 2 Prarthana Samaj 25 Lesson - 3 Satya Shodak - J.B. Phule 31 Lesson - 4 Arya Samaj 39 Lesson - 5 Social Development : M.K. Gandhi 48 Lesson - 6 B.R. Ambedkar 68 II : Social Development in Post Independent India : 76-125 Lesson - 7 The Nehrurian vision of state, planning and development. 76 Lesson - 8 The Socialist discourse - J.P. Narayan and R.M. Lohia. 91 Lesson - 9 Hindutva - V.D. Savarkar 107 Lesson - 10 Muslim League 114 III : Social Exclusion and Inclusive policy 126-155 Lesson - 11 Concept of Social development 126 Lesson - 12 Social Exclusion 133 Lesson - 13 Inclusive policy for the Marginalised disadvantaged groups 137 Lesson - 14 Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes. 141 Lesson - 15 Gender and disadvantaged groups. 150 IV : Current Debates in India 156-204 Lesson - 16 Identity formation and ethnic assertion. 156 Lesson - 17 Cultural Nationalism 160 Lesson - 18 Communalism 166 Lesson - 19 Dalit Bahujan Discourse 174 Lesson - 20 Movement for Tribal autonomy or their Integration. 180 Lesson - 21 Extension of Reservation for the Backward classes/Muslims. 185 Lesson - 22 Dalit Reservation/Christians. 195 Lesson - 23 Women's Political Reservation. 198 ( 6 ) BRAHMO SAMAJ C.No. : SOC-C-402 Lesson 1 Social Development in India Unit-I Structure 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Issues of Equity during 19th Century 1.4 Socio-political causes of Renaissance 1.5 Brahmo Samaj 1.6 Sum up 1.7 Check your Progres 1.1 Objectives After going through this chapter you will be able to understand : – Issues of Equity in 19th Century – Indepth of Brahmo Samaj 1.2 Introduction The Indian society, being part of an ancient civilisation, has passed through different stages. The seeds of civilization were sown during vedic period in India. Indian civilisations was characterised by emergencies of sophisticated philosophy, religion, astrology, science and medicine. The highly acclaimed Indian society had many inherent social issue which were hindrances to social development. In the 19th century with developing of modern Indian socio-political ideas these issues were raised and efforts were made to rectify social inequities. Such efforts were done by social reformers individually, collectively through social reform movements. ( 7 ) 1.3 Issues of Equity during 19th Century The social movement against various social inequities were a result of modern western culture, reformation and renaissance movements in India. The pioneering efforts in this direction were undertakes by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Keshab Chandan Sen, Ishwas Chander Vidyasagar, M.G. Ranade, Jyotibha Phule, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Dadabhai Naoroji etc. The major issues of social inequalities were as follows : 1. Issue of Caste Casteism has been hurdle in unity of Hindu society since ages. The transformation of traditional mobile varna system into rigid social hierarchy led to the oppression of deprived castes. Indian society has been witness to upper caste rivalries and conflicts and caste violence. So, inequality in terns of caste was major issue in nineteenth century. 2. Sati System sati (Self immolation by widows) denied the women right live after husbands death. Raja Ram Mohan launched crusade against this practice and fought for womens' right. It was abolished in 1829. 3. Widow remarriage : It was denial gender equality in Indian society. It was counsidered sin for widow to remarriage as marriage considered scared as per Hindu traditions. Ishwar Chander Vidyasagar fought relentlessly for widow- remarriage. His efforts led to Act of widow Remarriage
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