400 4. Policy of the Agitators : The leaders of the movement are not believers in the policy of non-violence for achieving their objects. In order to terrorise the State Government and its Muslim officials, some Hindus of Poona, such as Dr. Gore residing in Rasta Peth, G. M. Nalavade, Khadivle, Vaidya and others, are considering plans to prepare bombs and send them to Hyderabad for use in the agitation. At the beginning of February this year, while speaking at a meeting of the Hindu Maha Sabha Working Committee in Delhi, Barrister Savarkar, the President, was reported to have allowed full and unrestricted discretion to individual workers to pursue any plan in furtherance of the struggle without even making any fetish of non-violence. Savarkar was said to he contemplating the launching of secret subversive propaganda amongst the State subjects and spreading the cult of terrorism. In connection with the Hyderabad agitation meeting were held at Nagpur, Amraoti, Akola and Yeotmal districts of the C. P., and speeches were made stating that the launching of the satyagraha amounted to a declaration of war which could not be carried on through non-violence. The processionists were armed with lathis, a huge knife was displayed in the meeting, and the conduct of the Arvi Hindus in the riot of 1925 was praised. 401 On February 11 th 1939, at a meeting at Nasik, B. V. Devre of Poona said that without armed opposition the Hindus could not possibly obtain their rights in a State like Hyderabad. On March 29th, at a meeting at Poona to give farewell to a jatha of volunteers bound for Hyderabad, B. V. Devre declared that he himself was no believer in non-violence and that the next campaign would not be non-violent, and that for each Hindu murdered in the State three Muslims would be slain in British India. In this connection he referred to the alleged efficacy of the use of bombs for the annulment of the partition of Bengal. On February 19th, at a farewell meeting for 11 Satyagrahis who left Nagpur on February 20th for Hyderabad, Balaji Venkat Hardesh Shastri made speeches advocating violence and demanding the boycott of Muslims. He was warned, but during the second half of March 1939 he made similar speeches, and the question of his prosecution is under consideration on April 6th, at a farewell meeting before he left Nagpur for Hyderabad, Shastri said that if they were not allowed to fly their' bhagwa " Flag, the flag and the countryside would be dyed red with blood, and that the unarmed struggle of today would be converted into an aimed revolt of tomorrow, Shastri made another inflammatory speech at Wardha, where he said that the Nizam had to be destroyed like other tyrants in history. Dr. B. S. Moonje who presided also asserted that this unarmed struggle might well become violent if circumstances demanded it and he expatiated on the delights of death in battle. At the beginning of March 1939, while addressing meetings, Senapati Bapat expressed his conviction that blood alone would solve the problem and requested the people to lay down their lives without doing harm to any one else. Expecting the release of political prisoners in the near future on the occasion of the introduction of reforms in the State, the Democratic Swaraj Party leaders have recently been Hurrying to offer satyagraha to secure the crown of martyrs by suffering incarceration in the State jails for a few days. The Arya Samaj leaders who interviewed Mr. Gandhi in the later part of March 1939 and refused to suspend satyagraha, revealed that they had no faith in the efficacy of purely non-violent methods in the conduct of satyagraha. 5. The Use of Bombs : This policy of violence on the part of the leaders seems to have been carried out partially by the followers. Khadivale, Vaidya, Dr. Gore of the Poona Arya Samaj, and G. M. Nalavade of the Hindu Mahasabha discussed a plan to prepare and use bombs in Hyderabad State in November last at Poona. On February 20th, 1939 two bombs explosions occurred in Hyderabad City as a result of which one person lost his life and another was seriously injured. A short time previous to this incident, two similar bombs were found lying in the city thorough fares which failed to explode on being picked up. Other bombs exploded in the city on the 11th, 13th and 14th March injuring nine persons. Another was found in a cinema house at 402 Nizamabad. A further explosion took place on March 26th injuring a woman who was sweeping in front of her shop and who struck the bomb accidentally. An unexploded bomb of a crude kind was found placed on a bench in a cinema house at Nizamabad on March 17th. A local gang has been found responsible for the bomb outrages in Hyderabad city and all the members of this gang have been arrested and sent up for trial. Certain members of the gang are connected with the Arya Samaj, and it is probable that it is the spirit engendered by the Arya Samaj campaign that has introduced the cult of the bomb into Hyderabad. During the first week of April, the Arya. Samaj leaders at Sholapur are reported to have issued instructions for stopping the use of bombs and similar other terrorist methods in connection with the satyagraha. 6. Attitude of the Hindus in the State : In the face of this intensive campaign, the general Hindu population of the State has so far remained quiet and unaffected. On the occasion of the recent Hindu-Muslim riot at Aurangabad, the Hindu students of the Augrangabad Middle School went on strike and about 75 per cent of them absented themselves from their class for two days. A few students picketed the school and prevented other Hindu students from attending their classes. The piekcters were expelled from the school and the absentees were fined by the school authorities. Some local Hindu agitators and a teacher are said to be at the bottom of this unrest. Hindu students of the Osmania University were encouraged and incited on the issue of the singing of " Bande Mataram" song from outside the State. Narendar Dutt, leader of the strike, recently visited the State to get the strikers re-admitted to the University on certain conditions, but the authorities were not prepared to yield to these conditions. Maharaja Sir Kishen Prasad denounced in a lengthy statement the agitation of the Arya Samajists and Hindu Maha Sabhaites and refuted their arguments. On examination some State Hindus denied the allegations of oppression alleged to have been committed on them by the Muslims. On April 28th, a mass meeting of the citizens of Hyderabad and Secunderabad was hold and the recent message of communal harmony and political progress by constitutional means given by Sir Kishen Prasad was moved by Raja Jaswantrao Bahadur and seconded and supported by representatives of Hindus and Muslims, including Baji Krishna Rao, an Arya Samajist. 7. Reaction of Muslims in the State : To combat the anti-Muslim activities carried on by the Arya Samajists, the Hyderabad Muslims decided in February 1938 to do their utmost to make the Anjuman-i-Ithad-Mussulmeen into a central Muslim organization for the purpose of organising the community and protecting its political, economic and social rights. There is an over increasing danger of communal clashes throughout the State and particularly in the city of Hyderabad. A crowd of satyagrahis which managed to drive into the city on March 5th, 1939, and shouted slogans on alighting from the bus, was set upon by irato bystanders, three being severely injured. But for the prompt interference of the policemen on point duty and others who rushed to the scene from the vicinity, a serious situation would have quickly developed. In fact, if outside satyagrahis were not promptly arrested, they would have been given short shrift by the Muslim public. The dangers inherent in the situation and the depth of bitter feeling which the present campaign from without has engendered are daily becoming more and more apparent. 403 On November 26th, 1938 about 2,000 members of the Nander (Hyderabad State) Khaksar Party took out a procession with swords, guns and other weapons and shouted such slogans as " Nizam Zindabad ", " Hindu Sabha and State Congress Satyagraha Murdabad etc. Police Officers and Muslim leaders also joined the procession. Speeches faciting communal riots were delivered at various places. A similar procession was also taken out the following day and the Hindu population became terror-striken. A lot of Muslims from the State were reported to have been concentrating their attention on the activities of the Hindus at the Sholapur Conference which was held in December last. At the beginning of February 1939, the Muslims of Hyderabad submitted a memorandum to Sir Akbar Hydari pointing out the indifference of the State towards the agitation started by the Arya Samaj and warning that if the movement was not suppressed within a fortnight they would come forward to combat the agitation on behalf of the State and the Ruler who belonged to the Muslims, irrespective of the consequences that might follow. On April 22nd, a batch of 102 volunteers from Sholapur while being escorted after their arrest by the police at Tulajapur, were assaulted by some Muslims who had previously prepared themselves for an attack. During the observance of the fourth " Hyderabad Day " at Sultanshahi, Muslim goondas attacked the satyagrahis and-injured one seriously. A Muslim goonda assaulted a satyagrahi at Vaijapur and caused serious injuries to him.