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Faculty Scholarship (COO) College of Optometry

2006 Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Vision Tests to an Computerized Cap Rearrangement Test James Kundart Pacific nU iversity

Karl Citek Pacific nU iversity

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Recommended Citation Kundart, James and Citek, Karl, "Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test" (2006). Faculty Scholarship (COO). Paper 27. http://commons.pacificu.edu/coofac/27

This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Optometry at CommonKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship (COO) by an authorized administrator of CommonKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test

Description Inherited color vision deficiency affects approximately 8% of the male Caucasian population, 5% of non- Caucasian males, and 0.4% of all women. In addition, significant numbers of patients of both genders acquire color vision loss due to ocular disease or pharmaceutical medications.

Yet in many clinical settings color vision testing presents a challenge because plate tests, like those designed by Ishihara, do not easily differentiate (deutan) from (protan) defects. Tests that do differentiate, like the Farnsworth D-15, show false positive results with mild to moderate anomalous , and are time- consuming. In addition, both require proper to administer.

To screen for color vision deficiencies, and accurately diagnose them when they are found, a reliable automated test would be desirable, as it could be run by technicians and aid the optometrist in interpretation.

Disciplines Optometry

Comments Poster presented at American Academy of Optometry meeting in 2006.

Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge.

This poster is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/coofac/27 Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test James Kundart, OD, MEd, FAAO, Karl Citek, OD, PhD, FAAO Pacific University College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon

INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSION Inherited color vision deficiency affects 152 eyes of 76 healthy young adults (44 male, SATURATED COLOR TESTS DESATURATED COLOR TESTS When testing normal trichromats, the Color approximately 8% of the male Caucasian 32 female; overall average age 24.6 years, Vision Recorder software demonstrated For the conventional Farnsworth D-15 cap As with the Farnsworth D-15 cap test, the population, 5% of non-Caucasian males, and range 21-36 years) were administered both the accuracy in assessing color vision deficiency test, classification of a color deficiency Lanthony D-15 cap test requires graphing by 0.4% of all women. In addition, significant traditional cap versions of the Farnsworth within 3% of the traditional Farnsworth depends on recording the subject’s hand to classify color deficiencies. This cap numbers of patients of both genders acquire (saturated color) and Lanthony (desaturated (saturated) D-15 cap test, and within 5% of the responses on the standard backwards C- test showed 118 eyes (78%) with normal color vision loss due to ocular disease or color) D-15 color vision tests. The tests were traditional Lanthony (desaturated) D-15 cap shaped graph by hand, a time-consuming trichromacy and 34 eyes (22%) with defective pharmaceutical medications.1 performed monocularly with habitual test. process. The cap test showed 141 eyes (93%) color vision (mild, moderate or severe corrective lenses in place. Lighting was Yet in many clinical settings color vision with normal trichromacy, and 11 eyes (7%) anomalous trichromacy or ). When testing color-deficient subjects, there provided by an illuminant C filtered MacBeth testing presents a challenge because plate with defective color vision (severe anomalous were a significant number of false negatives, Easel lamp, and the results recorded. Computerized Lanthony D-15 testing showed tests, like those designed by Ishihara, do not trichromacy or dichromacy). 45% with the automated Farnsworth and 41% 124 eyes (82%) with normal trichromacy, 26 easily differentiate green (deutan) from red One week later, a second investigator, masked with the automated Lanthony. In addition, the The computerized version of the Farnsworth eyes (17%) with unclassified anomalous (protan) defects. Tests that do differentiate, to the results on the first session, repeated an automated Lanthony test had 24% false D-15 test completes the graphing and analysis trichromacy, and 2 eyes (1%) with dichromacy like the Farnsworth D-15, show false positive automated, computerized version of both positives. automatically. This test showed 146 eyes (protanopia). All of the eyes that failed the results with mild to moderate anomalous color vision tests. The software used for the (96%) with normal trichromacy, 4 eyes (3%) Farnsworth (saturated color) also failed the There were advantages to administering the trichromacy, and are time-consuming. In comparison was the Color Vision Recorder with unclassified anomalous trichromacy, and Lanthony (desaturated) test. Color Vision Recorder D-15 tests, including addition, both require proper lighting to (version 3) from Optical Diagnostics (http:// 2 eyes (1%) with dichromacy (protanopia). shorter time to administer, accurate administer.2 www.opticaldiagnostics.com). The tests were However, of the 28 color-defective eyes recording, and, when accurate, more administered using a Dell desktop CRT All six of the eyes with defective color vision identified by the software Lanthony test, only To screen for color vision deficiencies, and straightforward diagnosis of color vision monitor that was calibrated according to the were also detected by the traditional cap 20 eyes tested as color defective with the accurately diagnose them when they are deficiency. However, monitor calibration, test software manufacturer's instructions. version of this test, resulting in zero false traditional cap version. Taking the cap test to found, a reliable automated test would be familiarity, or other factors may interfere with positives. However, there were 5/11 (45%) be the standard, there were 8 (24%) false desirable, as it could be run by technicians its accuracy compared to the traditional cap false negatives. Nonetheless, chi-square positives and 14 (41%) false negatives. and aid the optometrist in interpretation. versions of the D-15 tests. analysis shows that there is no significant However, chi-square analysis reveals that difference in the results of the two tests, χ2(1) there is no significant difference in the results = 1.56, p = 0.212. of the two tests, χ2(1) = 0.73, p = 0.393.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Steve Odland, BS, and Brian 160 Silverman, BS, PUCO Class of 2009, for their assistance in data processing and layout of 140 this project.

120 FINANCIAL DISCLAIMER 100 The authors have no financial interest in 80 Optical Diagnostics or this software.

# of Eyes 60 REFERENCES 40 1.Schwartz, S. : A Clinical 20 Orientation, 3rd ed. 2004.

0 2. Procedures for Testing Color Vision: Report Farnsworth D-15 CVR FD-15 Lanthony D-15 CVR LD-15 of Working Group 41, Assembly of Behavioral Color Normal Color Anomaly and Social Sciences, National Research Council.