DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test James Kundart Pacific Nu Iversity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test James Kundart Pacific Nu Iversity View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CommonKnowledge Pacific nivU ersity CommonKnowledge Faculty Scholarship (COO) College of Optometry 2006 Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test James Kundart Pacific nU iversity Karl Citek Pacific nU iversity Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.pacificu.edu/coofac Part of the Optometry Commons Recommended Citation Kundart, James and Citek, Karl, "Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test" (2006). Faculty Scholarship (COO). Paper 27. http://commons.pacificu.edu/coofac/27 This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Optometry at CommonKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship (COO) by an authorized administrator of CommonKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test Description Inherited color vision deficiency affects approximately 8% of the male Caucasian population, 5% of non- Caucasian males, and 0.4% of all women. In addition, significant numbers of patients of both genders acquire color vision loss due to ocular disease or pharmaceutical medications. Yet in many clinical settings color vision testing presents a challenge because plate tests, like those designed by Ishihara, do not easily differentiate green (deutan) from red (protan) defects. Tests that do differentiate, like the Farnsworth D-15, show false positive results with mild to moderate anomalous trichromacy, and are time- consuming. In addition, both require proper lighting to administer. To screen for color vision deficiencies, and accurately diagnose them when they are found, a reliable automated test would be desirable, as it could be run by technicians and aid the optometrist in interpretation. Disciplines Optometry Comments Poster presented at American Academy of Optometry meeting in 2006. Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This poster is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/coofac/27 Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test James Kundart, OD, MEd, FAAO, Karl Citek, OD, PhD, FAAO Pacific University College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSION Inherited color vision deficiency affects 152 eyes of 76 healthy young adults (44 male, SATURATED COLOR TESTS DESATURATED COLOR TESTS When testing normal trichromats, the Color approximately 8% of the male Caucasian 32 female; overall average age 24.6 years, Vision Recorder software demonstrated For the conventional Farnsworth D-15 cap As with the Farnsworth D-15 cap test, the population, 5% of non-Caucasian males, and range 21-36 years) were administered both the accuracy in assessing color vision deficiency test, classification of a color deficiency Lanthony D-15 cap test requires graphing by 0.4% of all women. In addition, significant traditional cap versions of the Farnsworth within 3% of the traditional Farnsworth depends on recording the subject’s hand to classify color deficiencies. This cap numbers of patients of both genders acquire (saturated color) and Lanthony (desaturated (saturated) D-15 cap test, and within 5% of the responses on the standard backwards C- test showed 118 eyes (78%) with normal color vision loss due to ocular disease or color) D-15 color vision tests. The tests were traditional Lanthony (desaturated) D-15 cap shaped graph by hand, a time-consuming trichromacy and 34 eyes (22%) with defective pharmaceutical medications.1 performed monocularly with habitual test. process. The cap test showed 141 eyes (93%) color vision (mild, moderate or severe corrective lenses in place. Lighting was Yet in many clinical settings color vision with normal trichromacy, and 11 eyes (7%) anomalous trichromacy or dichromacy). When testing color-deficient subjects, there provided by an illuminant C filtered MacBeth testing presents a challenge because plate with defective color vision (severe anomalous were a significant number of false negatives, Easel lamp, and the results recorded. Computerized Lanthony D-15 testing showed tests, like those designed by Ishihara, do not trichromacy or dichromacy). 45% with the automated Farnsworth and 41% 124 eyes (82%) with normal trichromacy, 26 easily differentiate green (deutan) from red One week later, a second investigator, masked with the automated Lanthony. In addition, the The computerized version of the Farnsworth eyes (17%) with unclassified anomalous (protan) defects. Tests that do differentiate, to the results on the first session, repeated an automated Lanthony test had 24% false D-15 test completes the graphing and analysis trichromacy, and 2 eyes (1%) with dichromacy like the Farnsworth D-15, show false positive automated, computerized version of both positives. automatically. This test showed 146 eyes (protanopia). All of the eyes that failed the results with mild to moderate anomalous color vision tests. The software used for the (96%) with normal trichromacy, 4 eyes (3%) Farnsworth (saturated color) also failed the There were advantages to administering the trichromacy, and are time-consuming. In comparison was the Color Vision Recorder with unclassified anomalous trichromacy, and Lanthony (desaturated) test. Color Vision Recorder D-15 tests, including addition, both require proper lighting to (version 3) from Optical Diagnostics (http:// 2 eyes (1%) with dichromacy (protanopia). shorter time to administer, accurate administer.2 www.opticaldiagnostics.com). The tests were However, of the 28 color-defective eyes recording, and, when accurate, more administered using a Dell desktop CRT All six of the eyes with defective color vision identified by the software Lanthony test, only To screen for color vision deficiencies, and straightforward diagnosis of color vision monitor that was calibrated according to the were also detected by the traditional cap 20 eyes tested as color defective with the accurately diagnose them when they are deficiency. However, monitor calibration, test software manufacturer's instructions. version of this test, resulting in zero false traditional cap version. Taking the cap test to found, a reliable automated test would be familiarity, or other factors may interfere with positives. However, there were 5/11 (45%) be the standard, there were 8 (24%) false desirable, as it could be run by technicians its accuracy compared to the traditional cap false negatives. Nonetheless, chi-square positives and 14 (41%) false negatives. and aid the optometrist in interpretation. versions of the D-15 tests. analysis shows that there is no significant However, chi-square analysis reveals that difference in the results of the two tests, χ2(1) there is no significant difference in the results = 1.56, p = 0.212. of the two tests, χ2(1) = 0.73, p = 0.393. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Steve Odland, BS, and Brian 160 Silverman, BS, PUCO Class of 2009, for their assistance in data processing and layout of 140 this project. 120 FINANCIAL DISCLAIMER 100 The authors have no financial interest in 80 Optical Diagnostics or this software. # of Eyes 60 REFERENCES 40 1.Schwartz, S. Visual Perception: A Clinical 20 Orientation, 3rd ed. 2004. 0 2. Procedures for Testing Color Vision: Report Farnsworth D-15 CVR FD-15 Lanthony D-15 CVR LD-15 of Working Group 41, Assembly of Behavioral Color Normal Color Anomaly and Social Sciences, National Research Council. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sensitivities in Older Eyes with Good Acuity: Cross-Sectional Norms
    Sensitivities in Older Eyes With Good Acuity: Cross-Sectional Norms Alvin Eisner,*f Susan A. Fleming,*! Michael L. Kleins and W. Manning Mauldinf We measured several indices of foveal visual function for a large group of people aged 60 and older. The data reported in this paper are from individuals who had good acuity in each eye and met a number of other criteria for good ocular health. For each index, we described the rate of cross-sectional change with age using linear regression statistics. We found age-related change for eyes having 20/20 or better acuity to exist for several different indices. Sensitivity mediated by the blue-sensitive cones decreased with age, as expected. However, the rate of decrease was faster for females than for males. At least part of the difference was associated with different rates of lenticular change. Absolute sensitivity at long wavelengths also decreased with age, but at the same rate for each sex. Rayleigh color matches changed with age in a manner consistent with underlying age-related decreases of effective foveal cone photopigment density. However, not all indices showed age-dependent changes. For instance, the time constant describing the rate of photopic dark adaptation did not appear to change with age. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28:1824-1831, 1987 Human visual function changes with age. Cross- criteria for good ocular health in each eye. In particu- sectional age-related changes have been reported for lar, we have tested people having good acuity in each Snellen acuity,1 spatial2"4 and temporal4 contrast sen- eye.
    [Show full text]
  • ERG), Molecular and Behavioral Studies
    Vision Research 38 (1998) 3377–3385 Severity of color vision defects: electroretinographic (ERG), molecular and behavioral studies M.A. Crognale a,b,*, D.Y. Teller a,c, A.G. Motulsky d,e, S.S. Deeb d,e a Department of Psychology, Uni6ersity of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA b Department of Ophthalmology, Uni6ersity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA c Department of Physiology/Biophysics, Uni6ersity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA d Department of Genetics, Uni6ersity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA e Department of Medicine, Uni6ersity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Received 10 July 1997; received in revised form 29 October 1997 Abstract Earlier research on phenotype/genotype relationships in color vision has shown imperfect predictability of color matching from the photopigment spectral sensitivities inferred from molecular genetic analysis. We previously observed that not all of the genes of the X-chromosome linked photopigment gene locus are expressed in the retina. Since sequence analysis of DNA does not necessarily reveal which of the genes are expressed into photopigments, we used ERG spectral sensitivities and adaptation measurements to assess expressed photopigment complement. Many deuteranomalous subjects had L, M, and L–M hybrid genes. The ERG results showed that M pigment is not present in measurable quantities in deutan subjects. Using these results to determine gene expression improved the correlations between inferred pigment separation and color matching. Furthermore, we found a subject who had normal L and M genes and normal proximal promoter sequences, yet he had a single photopigment (M) by ERG and tested as a protanope. These results demonstrate the utility of ERG measurements in studies of molecular genetics of color vision deficiencies, and further support the conclusion that not all genes are expressed in color deficient subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetics of Normal and Defective Color Vision
    Vision Research xxx (2011) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vision Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/visres Review The genetics of normal and defective color vision Jay Neitz ⇑, Maureen Neitz University of Washington, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Seattle, WA 98195, United States article info a b s t r a c t Article history: The contributions of genetics research to the science of normal and defective color vision over the previ- Received 3 July 2010 ous few decades are reviewed emphasizing the developments in the 25 years since the last anniversary Received in revised form 25 November 2010 issue of Vision Research. Understanding of the biology underlying color vision has been vaulted forward Available online xxxx through the application of the tools of molecular genetics. For all their complexity, the biological pro- cesses responsible for color vision are more accessible than for many other neural systems. This is partly Keywords: because of the wealth of genetic variations that affect color perception, both within and across species, Color vision and because components of the color vision system lend themselves to genetic manipulation. Mutations Cone photoreceptor and rearrangements in the genes encoding the long, middle, and short wavelength sensitive cone pig- Colorblindness Cone mosaic ments are responsible for color vision deficiencies and mutations have been identified that affect the Opsin genes number of cone types, the absorption spectra of the pigments, the functionality and viability of the cones, Evolution and the topography of the cone mosaic. The addition of an opsin gene, as occurred in the evolution of pri- Comparative color vision mate color vision, and has been done in experimental animals can produce expanded color vision capac- Cone photopigments ities and this has provided insight into the underlying neural circuitry.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Test System and a New Cause for Acquired Foveal Color-Vision Deficiency
    International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2016; 1(1): 8-19 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijovs doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20160101.12 A New Test System and a New Cause for Acquired Foveal Color-Vision Deficiency Terry Bahill Systems and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona, USA Email address: [email protected] To cite this article: Terry Bahill. A New Test System and a New Cause for Acquired Foveal Color-vision Deficiency. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science. Vol. 1, No. 1, 2016, pp. 8-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20160101.12 Received: August 22, 2016; Accepted: November 8, 2016; Published: December 2, 2016 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show a new cause of a macular scotoma and an anomalous acquired color-vision deficiency in the clinical fovea caused by retina detachments and subsequent surgeries. This deficiency was measured with a visual test system composed of multiple lasers, a white light beam and dozens of targets that were projected on a computer monitor and printed on paper. Lasers were used, because they produce small monochromatic target dots, 0.07 degrees of visual angle (6 mm) in diameter. The outputs of the system were the subject’s perceived color matches. In experiments with small dots of laser light, colors were judged correctly by the right eye (OD): however, the left eye (OS) could not distinguish colors. For example, a green laser dot appeared green to his OD and white to his OS. Perceived color in the abnormal OS depended on the target’s hue, saturation, luminance, wavelength, size and position on the fovea.
    [Show full text]
  • Defective Color Vision and Its Inheritance by George Wald*
    DEFECTIVE COLOR VISION AND ITS INHERITANCE BY GEORGE WALD* BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HARVAkRD IJNIVERSITY We owe the first accurate description of color blindness to the chemist John Dalton, who in 1798 characterized his own condition in the words 'persons in general dis- tinguish six kinds of colour in the solar image; namely, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple.... To me it is quite otherwise:-I see only two, or at most three, distinctions. These I should call yellow and blue; or yellow, blue, and purple. MiIy yellow comprehends the red, orange, yellow, and green of others; and my blue and purple coincide with theirs. That part of the image which others call red, ap- pears to me little more than a shade, or defect of light....". In this superb paper, Dalton set all the main themes for the study of color blindness. He pointed out that his vision had always been this way; that his brother had the same defect; that he knew of nearly 20 such cases, all male; and that in all but perhaps one in- stance the parents and children of such persons had normal vision.' Dalton thought the trouble to be that his vitreous humor was tinted blue, and so did not pass red light; but Thomas Young said of this: ". it is much more simple to suppose the absence or paralysis of those fibers of the retina which are calculated to perceive red."2 Dalton held to his own view, and the argument was settled only by autopsy at his death in 1842, when his eyes were found to be normally trans- parent to red light.3 Color blindness is still called daltonism throughout Europe; but Young's explanation, that it involves the loss of one of three normal color mechanisms, remained for many years the dominant theory of this condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Cortical Color Loss and the Chromatic Visual Evoked Potential Department of Psychology, Program in Cognitive and # Michael A
    Journal of Vision (2013) 13(10):15, 1–11 http://www.journalofvision.org/content/13/10/15 1 The locus of color sensation: Cortical color loss and the chromatic visual evoked potential Department of Psychology, Program in Cognitive and # Michael A. Crognale Brain Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA $ Department of Psychology, Program in Cognitive and Chad S. Duncan Brain Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA $ Department of Psychology, Program in Cognitive and Hannah Shoenhard Brain Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA $ Department of Psychology, Program in Cognitive and Dwight J. Peterson Brain Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA $ Department of Psychology, Program in Cognitive and # Marian E. Berryhill Brain Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA $ Color losses of central origin (cerebral achromatopsia and dyschromatopsia) can result from cortical damage Introduction and are most commonly associated with stroke. Such cases have the potential to provide useful information Color vision can be disrupted or lost by a number of regarding the loci of the generation of the percept of causes, the most common being genetic mutations. color. One available tool to examine this issue is the Achromatopsia is a condition wherein the percept of chromatic visual evoked potential (cVEP). The cVEP has colors is absent. Much more common is dyschroma- been used successfully to objectively quantify losses in topsia wherein there is a partial loss of color capacity. color vision capacity in both congenital and acquired Many cases of achromatopsia and most cases of deficiencies of retinal origin but has not yet been applied to cases of color losses of cortical origin.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bilateral Color Anomaly in the Crayfish, Orconectes Immunis (Hagen)
    Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 76 Annual Issue Article 64 1969 A Bilateral Color Anomaly in the Crayfish, Orconectes immunis (Hagen) Virgil E. Dowell University of Northern Iowa Leonard P. Winier University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1969 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Dowell, Virgil E. and Winier, Leonard P. (1969) "A Bilateral Color Anomaly in the Crayfish, Orconectes immunis (Hagen)," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 76(1), 487-492. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol76/iss1/64 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dowell and Winier: A Bilateral Color Anomaly in the Crayfish, Orconectes immunis (Ha A Bilateral Color Anomaly in the Crayfish, Orconectes immunis (Hagen) VIRGIL E. DOWELL AND LEONARD P. WINIER1 Abstract. A live female crayfish; Orconectes immunis (Hagen) exhibit­ ing unusual body coloration was given to the biology laboratories at the University of Northern Iowa for study. Its right half, including antennae and other appendages, was colored an azure blue; the left half was colored normally. This bilateral coloration mosaicism persisted foUowing molting. Gynandromorphism as a corollary factor is eliminated on the basis that no apparent external sexual intergradation of sexual dimorphism was notice­ able.
    [Show full text]
  • Ishihara Electronic Color Blindness Test: an Evaluation Study
    Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal 3(3): 67-75, 2015, Article no.OR.2015.012 ISSN: 2321-7227 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Ishihara Electronic Color Blindness Test: An Evaluation Study Hatem M. Marey1*, Noura A. Semary2 and Sameh S. Mandour1 1Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt. 2Faculty of Computers and Information Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/OR/2015/13618 Editor(s): (1) Jimmy S.M. Lai, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. (2) Li Wang, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, USA. Reviewers: (1) Anonymous, India. (2) Anonymous, Canada. (3) Ricardo Franco de Lima, Department of Neurology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil. (4) Anonymous, Turkey. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history.php?iid=889&id=23&aid=7361 Received 25th August 2014 th Original Research Article Accepted 19 November 2014 Published 16th December 2014 ABSTRACT Purpose: Evaluation of computer based color deficiency test. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty seven volunteers have been checked using both traditional Ishihara plates and a computer diagnosis program using LCD monitors. Results: The prevalence of red green color vision deficiency (RG-CVD) was 8.75% of male participants, no female participants were diagnosed, both in the paper based test, and in the computer based test. Computer based test gave 100% sensitivity and 98.78% specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • DISSERTATION COLOR VISION DURING PREGNANCY Submitted by Melissa Pfohl Department of Psychology in Partial Fulfillment of The
    DISSERTATION COLOR VISION DURING PREGNANCY Submitted by Melissa Pfohl Department of Psychology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2012 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Vicki J. Volbrecht Co-Advisor: Janice L. Nerger Edward Delosh Paul Laybourn ABSTRACT COLOR VISION DURING PREGNANCY Color vision deficiencies, both congenital and acquired, are well documented. Acquired color vision deficiencies can arise from a variety of systemic and ocular problems. Previous research has shown that modulation of hormone levels leads to changes in visual perception. Pregnancy involves predictable increases in hormone levels, so this study examined how naturally occurring changes in endogenous levels of steroid hormones during pregnancy may affect color perception and visual acuity. Color vision testing was conducted at regular time intervals over the duration of pregnancy for 6 women as well as a control group of non-pregnant, non-contraceptive using women. As levels of hormones increased over the course of pregnancy, error scores were predicted to increase, indicating increasing losses in color perception. No significant differences were found between pregnant and control participants for any of the color vision tests conducted across any of the time periods tested; however, four of the pregnant participants did show increases in error scores in the shorter wavelengths as time elapsed. The lack of significant differences could indicate that there are compensatory mechanisms for the body to adjust to increasing levels of endogenous hormones from pregnancy. This study has opened up myriad possibilities for future research examining the relationship of hormones and neurosteroids and their effects on color vision.
    [Show full text]
  • 7-1 CHAPTER 7 VISION Hotoreception Is a Particularly Important Sense for Most Primates, Including Man, but It Is Not Unique to P
    CHAPTER 7 VISION hotoreception is a particularly from the two eyes. The end-products of the important sense for most primates, activity of the visual system are sensations Pincluding man, but it is not unique to that represent the object and its primates or even mammals. Even mollusks surroundings. These sensations can be used have photoreceptors, but one may question to guide our immediate behavior, or they can whether they possess vision in the same be stored for future reference. Visual sensa- sense as we have it. Most objects reflect tions contain a great deal of information, and light, and because light travels at high speed, understanding these complex phenomena is it is possible to nearly instantly assess their no simple matter. The best place to begin shape, size, position, speed, and direction of the study of vision is at the eye itself. movement. The light rays emanating from Figure 7-1 shows a cross section through an object are gathered and focused onto an the human eye. It consists of two fluid-filled chambers separated by a transparent structure, the lens. Nearly the entire eye is covered with a tough, fibrous coating called the sclera that is modified anteriorly to form the transparent cornea. The human cornea is about 12 mm in diameter, about 0.5 mm thick in the center and 0.75 to 1 mm thick on the edge, and it is made of the same collagenous connective tissue substance as is the sclera, but the fibers of the cornea are oriented in parallel arrays that let light pass through with minimal scatter, whereas fibers of the sclera are random and light rays are scattered when passing through.
    [Show full text]
  • Color Anomaly Detection and Suggestion for Wilderness Search and Rescue
    Session: Perception and Recognition March 5–8, 2012, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Color Anomaly Detection and Suggestion for Wilderness Search and Rescue Bryan S. Morse Daniel Thornton Michael A. Goodrich Brigham Young University Brigham Young University Brigham Young University 3361 TMCB 3361 TMCB 3361 TMCB Provo, Utah 84602 Provo, Utah 84602 Provo, Utah 84602 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT In wilderness search and rescue, objects not native or typ- ical to a scene may provide clues that indicate the recent presence of the missing person. This paper presents the re- sults of augmenting an aerial wilderness search-and-rescue system with an automated spectral anomaly detector for identifying unusually colored objects. The detector dynami- cally builds a model of the natural coloring in the scene and (a) Grassy Location (b) Desert Location identifies outlier pixels, which are then filtered both spatially Figure 1: Examples of video frames from a search and temporally to find unusually colored objects. These ob- scenario. Targets are marked with yellow arrows: jects are then highlighted in the search video as suggestions (a) blue blanket and (b) white shirt. for the user, thus shifting a portion of the user’s task from scanning the video to verifying the suggestions. This pa- per empirically evaluates multiple potential detectors then increases over time. An efficient way to augment search is incorporates the best-performing detector into a suggestion to use semi-autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) system. User study results demonstrate that even with an with cameras that transmit live video and telemetry data to imperfect detector users’ detection increased significantly.
    [Show full text]
  • Cataract Surgery
    Ⅱ Heath Care Quality Indicators | Department of Ophthalmology Number of Cataract Surgery The number of surgeries for patients with cataract Cataract Surgery Cataract Definitions ◆ Cataract : Cataract is a disease where the crystalline lens becomes cloudy due to various causes such as aging, trauma, drug effect, or UV light. The result of which is lowered vision as well as various symptoms including light glare, double vision, and color anomaly, and in some cases, even glaucoma. Cataract can be surgically treated, and cataract surgery is a well-known procedure for vision improvement. Result January 1, 2015 - December 31, 2019 (Case) 3,000 2,677 2,565 2,500 2,238 1,971 2,000 1,831 1,500 1,000 500 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Interpretation ◆ The number of cataract surgeries has consistently increased, reaching ≥ 2,600 surgeries in 2019. Data Source | SNUBH EMR (Electronic Medical Record), CDW (Clinical Data Warehouse) 296 Ⅱ Heath Care Quality Indicators | Department of Ophthalmology Cataract Surgery Cataract Incidence of Posterior Capsule Rupture/Tear The proportion of the incidence of posterior capsule rupture/tear among all cataract surgeries Definitions ◆ Posterior capsule rupture/tear : A major complication that can arise during the cataract surgery. It is associated with surgical dexterity, severity of cataract, and any accompanying eye disease. Result January 1, 2015 - December 31, 2019 (%) 20 15 10 5 2.4 2.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Interpretation ◆ SNUBH, as a superior general hospital, receives a large number of patients with high risk of posterior capsule rupture/tear; nevertheless, the incidence of the condition is similar to that reported by renowned overseas medical institutions (1.2-3.5%; the national average incidence reported in Korea is approximately 3.15%).
    [Show full text]