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Grappling with the Bomb: Britain's Pacific H-Bomb Tests
Timeline and glossary Nuclear timeline, 1945–1963 16 July 1945 Alamogordo, United States conducts first-ever nuclear New Mexico, USA test, codenamed ‘Trinity .’ 6 August 1945 Hiroshima, Japan US aircraft Enola Gay drops the atomic weapon ‘Little Boy’ on Hiroshima, killing 80,000 people immediately and an estimated 100,000 people within six months . 9 August 1945 Nagasaki, Japan US aircraft Bockscar drops the atomic weapon ‘Fat Man’ on Nagasaki, killing 70,000 people immediately and tens of thousands in following months . 30 June 1946 Bikini Atoll, Marshall Under Operation Crossroads, United Islands States conducts the first of two atomic tests at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. ‘Able’ and ‘Baker’ are the first of 67 atmospheric tests in the Marshall Islands between 1946–1958 . 6 August 1948 Hiroshima, Japan Hiroshima’s first Peace Festival. 29 August 1949 Semipalatinsk, USSR conducts first atomic test Kazakhstan RDS-1 in Operation Pervaya molniya (Fast lightning), dubbed ‘Joe-1’ by United States . 1950–1954 Korean peninsula United States, Britain and Australia, under a United Nations mandate, join military operations in Korea following clashes between forces from the south and north of Korea. The Democratic People’s Republic is backed by the newly created People’s Republic of China . 3 October 1952 Monte Bello Islands, Under Operation Hurricane, United Western Australia Kingdom begins its nuclear testing program in Australia with a 25 kiloton atomic test . xi GRAPPLING WITH THE BOMB 1 November 1952 Bikini Atoll, Marshall United States conducts its first Islands hydrogen bomb test, codenamed ‘Mike’ (10 .4 megatons) as part of Operation Ivy . -
Shyama Pagad Programme Officer, IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group
Final Report for the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development Compile and Review Invasive Alien Species Information Shyama Pagad Programme Officer, IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group 1 Table of Contents Glossary and Definitions ................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Alien and Invasive Species in Kiribati .............................................................................................. 7 Key Information Sources ................................................................................................................. 7 Results of information review ......................................................................................................... 8 SECTION 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Pathways of introduction and spread of invasive alien species ................................................... 10 SECTION 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Kiribati and its biodiversity .......................................................................................................... -
Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
KIRIBATI FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Aranuka Island (Gilbert Group) Picture by: Raitiata Cati Prepared by: Environment and Conservation Division - MELAD 20 th September 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS .................................................... 8 1.1 Geography and geological setting of Kiribati ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Soil ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Water Resources .......................................................................................................................... -
Occurrence of the Longtailed Cuckoo Eudynamis Taitensis on Caroline Atoll, Kiribati DAVIDH
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Occurrence of the Longtailed Cuckoo Eudynamis taitensis on Caroline Atoll, Kiribati DAVIDH. ELL IS^, CAMERONB. KEPLER~, ANGELAKAY KEPLER~& KATINO TEEBAKI~ US. Fish and WiIdhye Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708 US.A Banana, Christmas Island Kiribati Emu 90,202 Received 8 March 1990, accepted 29 August 1990 The Long-tailed Cuckoo Eudynamis taitensis performs sized land bird for about 20 min on 27 September. what is perhaps the most remarkable overwater migration of any land bird (Lack 1959). It breeds in New Zealand These records establish the Long-tailed Cuckoo at least and is known to winter in the islands of the Central Pacific as a winter straggler to the Line Islands. Since our visit, we Ocean, with stragglers seen as far away as Palau to the learned from corresponding with the atoll's only human west and Pitcairn Island to the east (Bogert 1937). Al- inhabitants, the Ronald Falconer family, that an individual though the Line Islands are along the perimeter of this Long-tailed cuckoo was occasionally seen in 1989 near range, the Long-tailed Cuckoo has never been reported for their dwelling on the southem-most channel islet. Our the Line or Phoenix Islands (Pratt et al. 1987). In 1883, observations at five widely scattered locations (the most when Dixon (1884) visited Caroline Atoll (lOOS,150°W) distant observations were at least 9 km apart) suggest that at the south-eastem end of the Line Islands, he reported several individuals were present on the atoll during our that a colleague had heard 'the notes of a singing bird' but visit. -
H . M . S . L Eith * Sreport
4~ The following note deals only with those * u islands for which the Colonial Office is responsible. GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS COLONY. o The possibilities of the following islands .n the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony- (H.M.S.Leith* s report - Capt, have been reported on, Bevir) A. Ocean Island. (Colony headquarters - a phosphate j /Island). Impossible. -do- B. Gilbert Islands. Butaritari.) There is an extensive lagoon whirah accessible to shipsttjma -tnoro io good anohorage-ffrr Bkirptt« ^There would be good anchorage for flying boats and sea-planes in the lagoon^ and good run ways). The ^i'sland appears possible as^an air base. Tarawa. There is an extensive lagoon accessibl e to ships and plenty of anchorage. There would be good anchorage for flying boats and seaplanes and good run- wayi^probably Quite clear of obstruction*, At some seasons (November to March) rough seas might be mot with within the lagoon. The ,Island appears possible as an air base. Tabiteuea and Onotoa. There are partial lagoons accessible to boats. Ships can anchor outside. There would probably ba fair anchorage for flying boats and seaplanes. Run-ways were not investigated and the •Islands were not considered to look hopeful. -do- C. Ellice Islands. Funafuti. headquarters) This appears to be the most suitable ^sland in the group for for an air base. There is an extensive lagoon accessible to ships and there would be good anchorage for flying boats and seaplanes^and good run-ways with few coral pinnacles. f Nukufetau. The lagoon is large^ but smaller and more sheltered than that at Funafuti. -
Kiribati Country Report to the Conference of Parties (COP) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI Kiribati Country Report to The Conference of Parties (COP) of The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2007 Prepared by Environment and Conservation Division Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development Foreword By the Minister of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development It is with considerable pleasure that I forward this document to the Conference of the Parties and the United Nations Development Programme. The document represents an important step in the desire of the Republic of Kiribati to protect the biodiversity and promote the sustainable utilization of the marine and terrestrial resources of Kiribati. I feel this is an appropriate approach to take towards biodiversity conservation in Kiribati. Conservation of biological diversity and the environment has been part of the life of the I-Kiribati ever since the first settlement of the Kiribati atolls. The new international concept of biodiversity conservation has highlighted the increasing degree of human influence on nature. Most of the damage is caused by the increasing demand for consumed goods and energy which is exacerbated by Kiribati’s rapid increase in population. Conservation is for the people and should be implemented by the people. Community consultations and participatory efforts of local communities have provided invaluable contributions to the formulation of this document. The multi-sectoral composition of the members of the Steering Committee and Planning team, and the collaborative efforts between stakeholders, both public and private, indicates a widespread belief of responsibility towards the conservation of biodiversity. The involvement of other Government departments and ministries, together with other environmental programs such as the National Biosafety Framework (NBF), Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs), International Waters Project Kiribati (IWPK) and National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) have enriched the scope of the project in all directions. -
Geology and Geochronology of the Line Islands
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 89, NO. B13, PAGES 11,261-11,272,DECEMBER 10, 1984 Geology and Geochronologyof the Line Islands S. O. SCHLANGER,1 M. O. GARCIA,B. H. KEATING,J. J. NAUGHTON, W. W. SAGER,2 J. g. HAGGERTY,3 AND J. g. PHILPOTTS4 Hawaii Institute of Geophysics,University of Hawaii, Honolulu R. A. DUNCAN Schoolof Oceano•Iraphy,Ore,ion State University,Corvallis Geologicaland geophysicalstudies along the entire length of the Line Islands were undertakenin order to test the hot spot model for the origin of this major linear island chain. Volcanic rocks were recoveredin 21 dredge hauls and fossiliferoussedimentary rocks were recoveredin 19 dredge hauls. Volcanic rocks from the Line Islands are alkalic basalts and hawaiites. In addition, a tholeiitic basalt and a phonolite have been recoveredfrom the central part of the Line chain. Microprobe analysesof groundmassaugite in the alkalic basaltsindicate that they contain high TiO2 (1.0-4.0 wt %) and A1203 (3.4-9.1 wt %) and are of alkaline to peralkaline affinities.Major element compositionsof the Line Islandsvolcanic rocks are very comparableto Hawaiian volcanicrocks. Trace elementand rare earth elementanalyses also indicatethat the rocksare typical of oceanicisland alkalic lavas' the Line Islands lavas are very much unlike typical mid-oceanridge or fracturezone basalts.Dating of theserocks by '•øAr-39Ar,K-Ar, and paleontologicalmethods, combined with DeepSea Drilling Projectdata from sites 165, 315, and 316 and previouslydated dredgedrocks, provide ages of volcanic eventsat 20 localities along the chain from 18øN to 9øS,a distanceof almost4000 km. All of thesedates define mid-Cretaceous to late Eoceneedifice or ridge-buildingvolcanic events. -
The Biology and Geology of Tuvalu: an Annotated Bibliography
ISSN 1031-8062 ISBN 0 7305 5592 5 The Biology and Geology of Tuvalu: an Annotated Bibliography K. A. Rodgers and Carol' Cant.-11 Technical Reports of the Australian Museu~ Number-t TECHNICAL REPORTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM Director: Technical Reports of the Australian Museum is D.J.G . Griffin a series of occasional papers which publishes Editor: bibliographies, catalogues, surveys, and data bases in J.K. Lowry the fields of anthropology, geology and zoology. The journal is an adjunct to Records of the Australian Assistant Editor: J.E. Hanley Museum and the Supplement series which publish original research in natural history. It is designed for Associate Editors: the quick dissemination of information at a moderate Anthropology: cost. The information is relevant to Australia, the R.J. Lampert South-west Pacific and the Indian Ocean area. Invertebrates: Submitted manuscripts are reviewed by external W.B. Rudman referees. A reasonable number of copies are distributed to scholarly institutions in Australia and Geology: around the world. F.L. Sutherland Submitted manuscripts should be addressed to the Vertebrates: Editor, Australian Museum, P.O. Box A285, Sydney A.E . Greer South, N.S.W. 2000, Australia. Manuscripts should preferably be on 51;4 inch diskettes in DOS format and ©Copyright Australian Museum, 1988 should include an original and two copies. No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission of the Editor. Technical Reports are not available through subscription. New issues will be announced in the Produced by the Australian Museum Records. Orders should be addressed to the Assistant 15 September 1988 Editor (Community Relations), Australian Museum, $16.00 bought at the Australian Museum P.O. -
Research Opportunities in Biomedical Sciences
STREAMS - Research Opportunities in Biomedical Sciences WSU Boonshoft School of Medicine 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton, OH 45435-0001 APPLICATION (please type or print legibly) *Required information *Name_____________________________________ Social Security #____________________________________ *Undergraduate Institution_______________________________________________________________________ *Date of Birth: Class: Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Post-bac Major_____________________________________ Expected date of graduation___________________________ SAT (or ACT) scores: VERB_________MATH_________Test Date_________GPA__________ *Applicant’s Current Mailing Address *Mailing Address After ____________(Give date) _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Phone # : Day (____)_______________________ Phone # : Day (____)_______________________ Eve (____)_______________________ Eve (____)_______________________ *Email Address:_____________________________ FAX number: (____)_______________________ Where did you learn about this program?:__________________________________________________________ *Are you a U.S. citizen or permanent resident? Yes No (You must be a citizen or permanent resident to participate in this program) *Please indicate the group(s) in which you would include yourself: Native American/Alaskan Native Black/African-American -
The Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17
World Heritage Convention Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands ICOMOS Thematic study Anita Smith and Kevin L. Jones December 2007 ICOMOS 49-51 rue de la Fédération – 75015 Paris Tel +33 (0)1 45 67 67 70 – Fax +33 (0)1 45 66 06 22 www.icomos.org – [email protected] Contents Part 1: Foreword Susan Denyer 3 Part 2: Context for the Thematic Study Anita Smith 5 - Purpose of the thematic study 5 - Background to the thematic study 6 - ICOMOS 2005 “Filling the Gaps - An Action Plan for the Future” 10 - Pacific Island Cultural Landscapes: making use of this study 13 Part 3: Thematic Essay: The Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific Islands Anita Smith 17 The Pacific Islands: a Geo-Cultural Region 17 - The environments and sub-regions of the Pacific 18 - Colonization of the Pacific Islands and the development of Pacific Island societies 22 - European contact, the colonial era and decolonisation 25 - The “transported landscapes” of the Pacific 28 - Principle factors contributing to the diversity of cultural Landscapes in the Pacific Islands 30 Organically Evolved Cultural Landscapes of the Pacific 31 - Pacific systems of horticulture – continuing cultural landscapes 32 - Change through time in horticultural systems - relict horticultural and agricultural cultural landscapes 37 - Arboriculture in the Pacific Islands 40 - Land tenure and settlement patterns 40 - Social systems and village structures 45 - Social, ceremonial and burial places 47 - Relict landscapes of war in the Pacific Islands 51 - Organically evolved cultural landscapes in the Pacific Islands: in conclusion 54 Cultural Landscapes of the Colonial Era 54 Associative Cultural Landscapes and Seascapes 57 - Storied landscapes and seascapes 58 - Traditional knowledge: associations with the land and sea 60 1 Part 4: Cultural Landscape Portfolio Kevin L. -
Plants of Kiribati
KIRIBATI State of the Environment Report 2000-2002 Government of the Republic of Kiribati 2004 PREPARED BY THE ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION Ministry of Environment Lands & Agricultural Development Nei Akoako MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMEN P.O. BOX 234 BIKENIBEU, TARAWA KIRIBATI PHONES (686) 28000/28593/28507 Ngkoa, FNgkaiAX: (686 ao) 283 n34/ Taaainako28425 EMAIL: [email protected] GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI Acknowledgements The report has been collectively developed by staff of the Environment and Conservation Division. Mrs Tererei Abete-Reema was the lead author with Mr Kautoa Tonganibeia contributing to Chapters 11 and 14. Mrs Nenenteiti Teariki-Ruatu contributed to chapters 7 to 9. Mr. Farran Redfern (Chapter 5) and Ms. Reenate Tanua Willie (Chapters 4 and 6) also contributed. Publication of the report has been made possible through the kind financial assistance of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. The front coverpage design was done by Mr. Kautoa Tonganibeia. Editing has been completed by Mr Matt McIntyre, Sustainable Development Adviser and Manager, Sustainable Economic Development Division of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). __________________________________________________________________________________ i Kiribati State of the Environment Report, 2000-2002 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. I TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. -
Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes in Selected Pacific Developing Member Countries (Financed by TASF)
May Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 38031 December 2006 Regional: Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes in Selected Pacific Developing Member Countries (Financed by TASF) Prepared by: John E. Hay and Komeri Onorio For ADB This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TA: 6204-REG Kiribati COUNTRY ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes FINAL REPORT Prepared by: John E. Hay and Komeri Onorio December 2006 i SUMMARY FOR POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS 1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) uses the country environmental analysis (CEA) as the tool to assist with early incorporation of environmental considerations into the country strategy and program (CSP) for its developing member countries. The CEA provides the targeted information necessary for informed decision making on environmental constraints, needs, and opportunities, including those that impinge upon poverty partnership agreements, as appropriate. The focus is on adding value to planned and ongoing development initiatives by reducing environmental constraints and exploiting environment-related opportunities. 2. This CEA for Kiribati describes the environmental issues that are most important to Kiribati’s development strategy, as well as ADB’s current and possible roles to help remove the environmental constraints on sustained development and to help take advantage of opportunities offered by the environment and natural resources of Kiribati. The CEA is directed in part at the policy, programme, and sector levels, but the principal focus is on identifying how opportunities and constraints presented by the environment and natural resources of Kiribati can be addressed by way of environmentally sensitive projects in the assistance pipeline.