DOCSLIB.ORG

Grand Ca Life | Grand Canal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grand Ca Life | Grand Canal 16 CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Tuesday, January 19, 2021 | 17 LIFE | GRAND CANAL Masterminds of milestones Flowing prosperity CULTURAL CONNOTATIONS More than 400 items found Sui Dynasty (581-618) Emperor Yang ordered a BEIJING along the Grand Canal have In 486 BC, Han Gou, in massive canal project from AD 605 to 610 centered been inscribed on the list of today’s Jiangsu province, on Luoyang, in today’s Henan province, as the national-level intangible was constructed following “eastern capital” of his united empire. The 2,400-km cultural heritage, including folk orders by Fuchai, a king of canal links Zhuojun, near today’s Beijing, and TIANJIN arts, handicrafts and local the Wu State during the Hangzhou, which is now Zhejiang’s provincial capital. beliefs. Tianjin’s Yangliuqing Spring and Autumn Period Although the canal was originally built to consolidate Lunar New Year woodcut (770-476 BC), to connect the his control over the northeast and southeast of his paintings are a representative Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. territory, the project’s expense undermined the ruler, example. Ming Dynasty Subsequent monarchs who indulged in luxury and accelerated the dynasty’s (1368-1644) artisans created continued digging canals to fall. Nevertheless, his canal remained pivotal to this renowned art form using make full use of waterways, transportation during the Tang (618-907) and fine paper and dyes shipped advance transportation and Northern Song (960-1127) dynasties. from the south. enhance national stability. The canal in eastern Zhejiang, which was first SUPERVISING constructed in AD 300, was expanded during SHIPMENTS the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). Linqing Jurchen people ruled northern China in the An “encryption system” was developed Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Song royals during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to relocated the capital to Hangzhou during prevent corruption and ensure the the Southern Song. As north-south quality of grain sent to Beijing from the transportation via the waterway was south. Each “signature” on a folding fan cut off, a canal connecting Hangzhou represented an agency in charge of r and Ningbo in Zhejiang was e inspecting the cargo arriving in the i v dredged and became a lifeline R capital. Signatures were also placed on w Jining o for the Southern Song. l the bags of grain, like seals. Supervisory l e Y officials could look at the fans to know SAGA which agency should be punished if any The canal, and its LUOYANG problems were discovered. northern section in particular, declined in the late Qing Dynasty due to Zhengzhou expanded Huai’an SECURING SUSTENANCE transportation by sea and railway. The The Huiluo Barns’ ruins near Luoyang, Henan province, position of canal GRAND CANAL which is listed among the World Heritage sites, offers a governor was glimpse of how grain from southeastern China that was nullified in 1905. The 3,200-kilometer Grand Canal dates back nearly transported along the Grand Canal was stored and managed by the central government during the Sui Dynasty (581-618). 2,500 years. It passes through eight provinces and Yangzhou The silo complex was like a small city — about 1 kilometer Zhenjiang from east to west and 355 meters from south to north — municipalities. In 2014, 27 sections of the canal, whose size equaled roughly 50 soccer fields. totaling 1,011 km, and 58 relevant heritage sites gained UNESCO World Heritage status. MANAGING MOVEMENT FUNDING e r A NATION v i There were complicated systems and rigid regulations of R e t z shipments’ time and distance. A cargo fleet usually contained g The Grand Canal was n 30 ships, and each fleet had its own flag. During the Ming a closely interlinked with Y HANGZHOU Dynasty (1368-1644), the central government owned over ancient China’s tax 16,000 ships for transportation along the canal. system, as grain paid as tax was transported to Qing Dynasty the capital via the (1644-1911) emperor 50 ELEVATION MAP waterway. A portion of Qianlong (1711-99) 45 officials’ salaries was Ningbo 40 toured the region south paid in grain. In 1411, Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) 35 of the Yangtze along the Main sections of the canal official Song Li joined hands with Bai 30 Grand Canal six times, Ying, an experienced artisan in 25 not only bringing back Shandong province, to dredge the 20 key elements of Tonghui Canal Yongji Canal Tongji Canal Huitong Canal meters highest canal section to enable the 15 meters gardening styles to waterway to continue to flow in the AD 1293 AD 608 AD 605 AD 1289 10 design of his imperial following centuries. In 1451, the (including today’s 5 resorts in Beijing but position of canal governor was Northern Canal, 0 also leaving many folk established. The governor took Southern Canal, -5 legends along the route. charge of the watercourse along and Wei Canal) -10 Peking Opera and with military commanders. Peking roast duck are Beijing Tianjin Linqing Yellow Nanwang Yangtze Wujin Hangzhou During the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), Kublai Khan’s canal construc- River River believed to be tion from 1281 to 1293 shortened the distance between Beijing, the introduced to Beijing national capital, then known as Dadu, and Hangzhou to 1,794 km. It was Middle Canal Han Gou Jiangnan Canal East Zhejiang To ensure continuous water supplies, many ancient infrastructure projects were built to direct water from nearby rivers into the canal. For example, in Beijing, where no natural river was available, from the south following hailed as symbol of national reunification. A major project was Beijing’s (Ming Dynasty) (Huaiyang Canal) AD 610 Canal springwater from the city’s western outskirt was redirected to downtown, and 24 sluices were built during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) to reserve water for the canal. These dams still function today. the emperor’s tours. Tonghui Canal, led by engineer and astronomer Guo Shoujing, which (first constructed (first constructed During the Ming Dynasty, Song Li and Bai Ying built 38 sluices around Nanwang, a town in Shandong province, which is the highest point along the canal, to enable ships to “climb over” the ridge. was crucial to food security. Downtown Beijing’s Shichahai Lake in 486 BC and around AD 300 and became the canal’s northern terminus. expanded in AD 605) Sources: National Museum of China, National Cultural Heritage The canal logistically benefited the improved during the TEXT BY WANG KAIHAO & GRAPHICS BY MUKESH MOHANAN / CHINA DAILY Administration and Encyclopedia of China Publishing House Forbidden City’s construction in Beijing early Southern from 1406 to 1420. Quality bricks were Song Dynasty) Online shipped from Shandong and Jiangsu See more provinces to build the imperial city. by scanning the code. Online Scan the QR code for subscription or to get a copy of today’s paper. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Discovery of Chinese Logic Modern Chinese Philosophy
    The Discovery of Chinese Logic Modern Chinese Philosophy Edited by John Makeham, Australian National University VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/mcp. The Discovery of Chinese Logic By Joachim Kurtz LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kurtz, Joachim. The discovery of Chinese logic / by Joachim Kurtz. p. cm. — (Modern Chinese philosophy, ISSN 1875-9386 ; v. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17338-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Logic—China—History. I. Title. II. Series. BC39.5.C47K87 2011 160.951—dc23 2011018902 ISSN 1875-9386 ISBN 978 90 04 17338 5 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS List of Illustrations ...................................................................... vii List of Tables .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dengfeng Observatory, China
    90 ICOMOS–IAU Thematic Study on Astronomical Heritage Archaeological/historical/heritage research: The Taosi site was first discovered in the 1950s. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, archaeologists excavated nine chiefly tombs with rich grave goods, together with large numbers of common burials and dwelling foundations. Archaeologists first discovered the walled towns of the Early and Middle Periods in 1999. The remains of the observatory were first discovered in 2003 and totally uncovered in 2004. Archaeoastronomical surveys were undertaken in 2005. This work has been published in a variety of Chinese journals. Chinese archaeoastronomers and archaeologists are currently conducting further collaborative research at Taosi Observatory, sponsored jointly by the Committee of Natural Science of China and the Academy of Science of China. The project, which is due to finish in 2011, has purchased the right to occupy the main field of the observatory site for two years. Main threats or potential threats to the sites: The most critical potential threat to the observatory site itself is from the burials of native villagers, which are placed randomly. The skyline formed by Taer Hill, which is a crucial part of the visual landscape since it contains the sunrise points, is potentially threatened by mining, which could cause the collapse of parts of the top of the hill. The government of Xiangfen County is currently trying to shut down some of the mines, but it is unclear whether a ban on mining could be policed effectively in the longer term. Management, interpretation and outreach: The county government is trying to purchase the land from the local farmers in order to carry out a conservation project as soon as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Guo Shoujing (Chine, 1989)
    T OPTICIENS CÉLÈBRES OPTICIENS CÉLÈBRES Principales dates PORTRAI 1231 – Naissance à Xingtai (actuelle province de Hebei, Chine) 1280 Etablit le Calendrier Shoushi 1286 Nommé Directeur du Bureau de l’astronomie et du calendrier 1290 Rénove et aménage le Gand Canal de Dadu 1292 Nommé Gouverneur du Bureau des travaux hydrauliques 1316 – Décès à Dadu (actuelle Pékin, Chine) Pièce de 5 Yuans à l’efgie de Guo Shoujing (Chine, 1989). Guo Shoujing (ou Kuo Shou-ching) Riad Haidar, [email protected] Grand astronome, ingénieur hydraulique astucieux et mathématicien inspiré, contemporain de Marco Polo à la cour de Kubilai Khan sous la dynastie Yuan, Guo Shoujing est une des grandes gures des sciences chinoises. Surnommé le Tycho Brahe de la Chine, on lui doit plusieurs instruments d’astronomie (dont le perfectionnement du gnomon1 antique) et surtout d’avoir établi le fameux calendrier Shoushi, si précis qu’il servit de référence pendant près de quatre siècles en Asie et que de nombreux historiens le considèrent comme le précurseur du calendrier Grégorien. uo Shoujing naît en 1231 dans une famille modeste de C’est à cette époque que Kubilai, petit-ls du grand conquérant la ville de Xingtai, dans l’actuelle province de Hebei à mongol Genghis Khan, entreprend son ascension du pouvoir su- G l’Est de la Chine (hebei signie littéralement au nord du prême chinois. Il est nommé Grand Khan le 5 mai 1260 et, en euve Jaune). Son grand-père paternel Yong est un érudit, fameux souverain éclairé, commence à organiser l’empire en appliquant à travers la Chine pour sa maîtrise parfaite des Cinq Classiques les méthodes qui ont fait leur preuve lors de ses précédentes ad- qui forment le socle culturel commun depuis Confucius, ainsi que ministrations et qui lui permettront de bâtir un des empires les plus pour sa connaissance des mathématiques et de l’hydraulique.
    [Show full text]
  • Eclipses and the Victory of European Astronomy in China
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine (EASTM - Universität Tübingen) EASTM 27 (2007): 127-145 Eclipses and the Victory of European Astronomy in China Lü Lingfeng [Lü Lingfeng is associate professor at Department of History of Science and Archaeometry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). He re- ceived his Ph.D. from USTC in 2002. He was Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg from December 2004 to November 2006.] * * * In the late Ming dynasty, European astronomy was introduced into China by the Jesuits. After a long period of competition with traditional Chinese astronomy, it finally came to dominate imperial astronomy in the early Qing dynasty. Accord- ing to historical documents, the most important factor in the success of European astronomy in China was its exactitude in the calculation of celestial phenomena, especially solar and lunar eclipses, which not only played a very special role in traditional Chinese political astrology but belonged among the most important celestial events for judging the precision of a system of calendrical astronomy. 1 This was true in ancient China from the Eastern Han (25-220) period all the way up to the late Ming period (1368-1644). During the calendar-debate between European, Islamic and Chinese astronomy in the Chongzhen reign period (1628- 1644), Xu Guangqi 徐 光 啟 (1562-1633) 2 also pointed out: “The erroneousness and exactness of a calendrical system can obviously only be seen from eclipses, while other phenomena are all too shady and dull to serve as indication.” 3 Re- cently, Shi Yunli and I have made a systematic analysis of the degree of precision of both the calculation and the observation of luni-solar eclipses in the late Ming 1 The astronomer Liu Hong 劉 洪 of the Eastern Han dynasty pointed out that eclipse prediction was an important way to check the accuracy of a calendar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Peculiar Velocities in the Galactic Outer Disk--Hints of the Elliptical Disk
    Draft version July 14, 2021 Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 5/2/11 THE PECULIAR VELOCITIES IN THE GALACTIC OUTER DISK|HINTS OF THE ELLIPTICAL DISK AND THE PERTURBATION OF THE SPIRAL STRUCTURES Hai-Jun Tian1,2, Chao Liu3, Jun-Chen Wan3, Li-Cai Deng3, Zi-Huang Cao3, Yong-Hui Hou4, Yue-Fei Wang4, Yue Wu3, Yong Zhang4, Yong-Heng Zhao3 Draft version July 14, 2021 ABSTRACT We present the peculiar in-plane velocities derived from the LAMOST red clump stars. From the variations of the in-plane velocity with the Galactocentric radius for the young and old red clump stars, we are able to identify two types of peculiar velocities: 1) both the two red clump populations show that the radial velocity is negative within R = 9:0 kpc and becomes positive beyond (denoted as the long-wave mode); and 2) the young red clump stars show larger mean radial velocity than the old population by about 3 kms−1 between R = 9 and 12 kpc (denoted as the short-wave mode). We find that the elliptical disk induced by the rotating bar can well explain the long-wave mode peculiar velocity. The axis ratio of the elliptical disk is around 0.8-0.95 and the disk keeps circular at R = 9:24 0:2 kpc, which should be the location of the outer Lindblad resonance radius (OLR). Adopting the± circular speed of 238 kms−1, the pattern speed of the bar is then derived as 48 3 kms−1kpc−1 from the location of OLR.
    [Show full text]
  • The Application of Precision Measurement in Historic Building
    The Application of Precision Measurement in Historic Building Conservation: Taking Guanxing Tai, a historic Chinese Observatory, as an Example Xiao Jinliang 1 1Beijing Tsinghua Urban Planning & Design Institute, Department of Architecture & Urban Heritage Beijing, P. R. China [email protected] Keywords : Guanxing Tai, Precision Measurement, Total Station, Historic Building Conservation Abstract: Guanxing Tai, the ancient Observatory in central China, built in the 13th century as a national facility for astronomical observations, served the dual purposes of an astronomical building and an astronomical instrument as well. For a long time, many historians and astronomers attribute the Observatory’s somewhat peculiar design to special astronomical numeric values like the solar elevation angle. Besides, the askew brick joints in this old brick-made building make heritage conservation experts doubt the stability of its foundations. By means of total station survey system, close-range photogrammetry and geophysical survey, we have collected precise information about its exterior and inner structure, and gradually unraveled the mysteries about the ancient building through GIS analysis and computer simulation. Our tests rule out the connection between its design and astronomical numeric values, enable us to propose a new view, i.e. the peculiar architectural style may be the result of ancient craftsmen’s unconscious brick-laying acts in two directions, and invalidate the conclusion of the seemingly unstable foundations. Our new findings also provide us with more clues as to the brick processing techniques in ancient China. 1. Overview, History and Value The Guanxing Tai Observatory is the earliest one of its kind so far extant in China, and is also one of the earliest buildings for astronomical observation in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hundred Surnames: a Pinyin Index
    names collated:Chinese personal names and 100 surnames.qxd 29/09/2006 12:59 Page 3 The hundred surnames: a Pinyin index Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Pinyin Hanzi (simplified) Wade Giles Other forms Well-known names Ai Ai Ai Zidong Cong Ts’ung Zong Cong Zhen Ai Ai Ai Songgu Cui Ts’ui Cui Jian, Cui Yanhui An An An Lushan Da Ta Da Zhongguang Ao Ao Ao Taosun, Ao Jigong Dai Tai Dai De, Dai Zhen Ba Pa Ba Su Dang Tang Dang Jin, Dang Huaiying Bai Pai Bai Juyi, Bai Yunqian Deng Teng Tang, Deng Xiaoping, Bai Pai Bai Qian, Bai Ziting Thien Deng Shiru Baili Paili Baili Song Di Ti Di Xi Ban Pan Ban Gu, Ban Chao Diao Tiao Diao Baoming, Bao Pao Bao Zheng, Bao Shichen Diao Daigao Bao Pao Bao Jingyan, Bao Zhao Ding Ting Ding Yunpeng, Ding Qian Bao Pao Bao Xian Diwu Tiwu Diwu Tai, Diwu Juren Bei Pei Bei Yiyuan, Bei Qiong Dong Tung Dong Lianghui Ben Pen Ben Sheng Dong Tung Dong Zhongshu, Bi Pi Bi Sheng, Bi Ruan, Bi Zhu Dong Jianhua Bian Pien Bian Hua, Bian Wenyu Dongfang Tungfang Dongfang Shuo Bian Pien Bian Gong Dongguo Tungkuo Dongguo Yannian Bie Pieh Bie Zhijie Dongmen Tungmen Dongmen Guifu Bing Ping Bing Yu, Bing Yuan Dou Tou Dou Tao Bo Po Bo Lin Dou Tou Dou Wei, Dou Mo, Bo Po Bo Yu, Bo Shaozhi Dou Xian Bu Pu Bu Tianzhang, Bu Shang Du Tu Du Shi, Du Fu, Du Mu Bu Pu Bu Liang Du Tu Du Yu Cai Ts’ai Chai, Cai Lun, Cai Wenji, Cai Ze Du Tu Du Xia Chua, Du Tu Du Qiong Choy Duan Tuan Duan Yucai Cang Ts’ang Cang Xie Duangan Tuankan Duangan Tong Cao Ts’ao Tso, Tow Cao Cao, Cao Xueqin, Duanmu Tuanmu Duanmu Guohu Cao Kun E O E
    [Show full text]
  • Why Didn't China Have a Scientific Revolution Considering Its Early Scientific Accomplishments?
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2017 An Examination of the Needham Question: Why Didn't China Have a Scientific Revolution Considering Its Early Scientific Accomplishments? Rebecca L. Olerich The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2307 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] AN EXAMINATION OF THE NEEDHAM QUESTION: WHY DIDN’T CHINA HAVE A SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION CONSIDERING ITS EARLY SCIENTIFIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS? BY REBECCA OLERICH A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts, The City University of New York 2017 © 2017 REBECCA OLERICH All Rights Reserved !ii AN EXAMINATION OF THE NEEDHAM QUESTION: WHY DIDN’T CHINA HAVE A SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION CONSIDERING ITS EARLY SCIENTIFIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS? BY REBECCA OLERICH This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. _______________________ ______________________ Date Joseph W. Dauben Thesis Advisor _______________________ ______________________ Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK !iii ABSTRACT AN EXAMINATION OF THE NEEDHAM QUESTION: WHY DIDN’T CHINA HAVE A SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION CONSIDERING ITS EARLY SCIENTIFIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS? BY REBECCA OLERICH Advisor: Joseph W.
    [Show full text]
  • The Papacy and Ancient China by Tai Peng Wang
    The Papacy and Ancient China by Tai Peng Wang It is widely known that the famous Florentine astronomer Paolo del Posso Toscanelli(1397- 1482) in 1474 sent Columbus two letters and a map of navigation virtually providing a roadmap to the discovery of America. Two biographers of Columbus, his son Fernando and Bishop Las Casas of Chiapaz, even praise Toscanelli as the first to conceive the bold new idea of sailing to India by the western route. Yet few, indeed, have learnt of Toscanellis own startling admission that he had a long conversation with a Chinese ambassador who told of their great feeling of friendship for the Christians in 1433 during the papacy of Pope Eugenius IV(1431-1447). Even less accepted this as a historical fact. Much of the exciting intellectual interactions between Renaissance Florence and Ming China so far remained nevertheless buried in the sands of time. As a result, even now Renaissance Italy is widely viewed as some purely European event without any traceable influences from the Chinese technology and science particularly in navigation and astronomy, which were without a doubt the most advanced, anywhere in the 15th century world. In his letter to Christopher Columbus, Toscanelli simply did not specify who this Chinese ambassador was. The surviving fragmentary Chinese historical records available were also silent on this issue. As a result, this has sparked a host of speculations about the identity of this unnamed Chinese ambassador since then until now. And one speculation is that Toscanellis unnamed sources was, indeed, Nicolo di Conti, a Venetian visitor to Florence, who had spent many years travelling through the islands of the East Indian archipelago and acquiring first-hand information on the trade in spices and other oriental wares.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    EASTM 38(2013): 17-53 The Northern Song State’s Financial Support for Astronomy Sun Xiaochun and Han Yi [Sun Xiaochun is Professor of the History of Science at the Institute for the History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his Master’s degree in Astronomy from Nanjing University in 1989 and his Ph.D. in History of Astronomy from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993. He also studied History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania and received his second Ph.D. in 2007. He has published primarily on the history of Chinese astronomy and co-authored The Chinese Sky during the Han (Leiden: Brill, 1997). His current research interests are history of astronomy and science and society in Song China. Contact: [email protected]] [Han Yi is Associate Professor at the Institute for the History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his Ph.D. from Hebei University in 2004. His book State Governance and Development of Medicine：A Study of Song Imperial Edicts on Medicine is being published by China Science and Technology Press in 2013. His research interests are the history of Chinese science and the history of traditional Chinese Medicine. He is currently working on the compilation and dissemination of medical recipe book in the Song Dynasty. Contact: [email protected]] * * * Abstract: Astronomy was politically relevant to the imperial state in ancient China because a good astronomical system was believed to indicate the legitimacy of rule and symbolize good governance. This political signi- ficance meant that astronomy was a state enterprise.
    [Show full text]
  • The Renaissance Revisited: from a Silk Road Perspective
    11 VOL. 3, NO. 1, JUNE 2018: 11-25 https://doi.org/10.22679/avs.2018.3.1.11 THE RENAISSANCE REVISITED: FROM A SILK ROAD PERSPECTIVE By TSCHUNG-SUN KIM* The Renaissance is generally said to be the rebirth of the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, and was centered around Italy from the 14th to the 16th century. This includes the temporal peculiarity of the Renaissance as a sudden phenomenon after the Medieval Ages, and the spatial peculiarity of what happened only in Europe. However, if we remove the European-cen- tered bias here, the horizon for interpreting the Renaissance becomes much wider. There have been claims that similar cultural phenomena resembling the Renaissance existed in other civilizations at the same time. This paper seeks to investigate two possibilities. The first is the possibility of a spatial expansion of the Renaissance. This suggests that the Renaissance was cre- ated by long-term exchanges with the Eastern, Middle and Western Hemi- spheres.1 The second is the possibility of a simultaneity of the Renaissance * TSCHUNG-SUN KIM is a professor in the Department of Korean Studies at Keimyung University, South Korea. The Research was supported by the Bisa Research Grant of Keimyung University in 2017. 1 This is a term suggested by President Synn Ilhi of Keimyung University in the keynote speech of the Arts and Humanities Conference of the Silk Road in 2015. This term can be used to link the entire Middle East and Central Asian region, including the Near East and West Asia. Including Southeast Asia, the civilization sphere centered on Korea and China can be bound to the Eastern Hemisphere.
    [Show full text]
  • November 2018
    Page 1 Monthly Newsletter of the Durban Centre - November 2018 Page 2 Table Of Contents Chairman’s Chatter …...…………………….…...….………....….….… 3 A Speedy Little Double Star In Ophiuchus ………....…….………….. 4 At The Eyepiece ……………...……….…………………….….….….... 7 The Cover Image - Sagittarius Star Cloud …….........………...……... 9 Animals In Space ……...…………...……..……….……..………….… 10 Chinese Astronomy …………..………...……………….....……….… 17 The Month Ahead ………………………………………..…….………. 28 Minutes Of The Previous Meeting ……………...……………………. 29 Members Moments …………………………………….……………… 30 Public Viewing Roster …………………………….………...…...……. 30 Pre-loved Astronomical Equipment ....…………...….…….........…… 31 Angus Burns - Newcastle, KZN Member Submissions Disclaimer: The views expressed in ‘nDaba are solely those of the writer and are not necessarily the views of the Durban Centre, nor the Editor. All images and content is the work of the respective copyright owner Page 3 Chairman’s Chatter By Piet Strauss Dear Members, I could unfortunately not be present at our meeting on 10 October, but gather that Nino Wunderlin’s talk on “Rocket Propulsion” was most interesting. The Winterton Star Party is planned for Saturday 4 November and please remember the daytime “Wagtail” event on 10 November. The course on Basic Astronomy will be held during March/April next year. Non-members are also welcome but ASSA members will get a discount on the course fees. The Astrophotography course curriculum and presenters will be finalised shortly. We have so far not had a good response from members paying their annual membership fees, but appreciate those who did. We appeal to those who have not done so to please pay. If you do not, you cannot enjoy the benefits that members get. These include: The Monthly ‘nDaba newsletter Free dinner at the December meeting A low price Sky Guide Discounts on Courses Exciting Outings with your fellow members I would also like to thank John Visser for fixing a couple of telescopes for a school and in so doing attracted a reasonably good donation to our Society.
    [Show full text]