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No. 2 [31]/2009 ROMANIA NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY “CAROL I” CENTRE FOR DEFENCE AND SECURITY STRATEGIC STUDIES No. 2 [31]/2009 68-72 Panduri Street, sector 5, Bucharest, Romania Telephone: (021) 319.56.49; Fax: (021) 319.55.93 E-mail: [email protected]; Web address: http://impactstrategic.unap.ro, http://cssas.unap.ro NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY “CAROL I” PRINTING HOUSE BUCHAREST, ROMANIA The Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies’ scientific quarterly magazine acknowledged by the National University Research Council as a B+ magazine Editorial Board: Teodor Frunzeti, Professor, Ph.D., chairman Marius Hanganu, Professor, Ph.D. Constantin Moştoflei, Senior Researcher, Ph.D. Hervé Coutau-Bégarie, director, Ph.D. (Institute for Compared Strategy, Paris, France) John L. Clarke, Professor, Ph.D. (European Centre for Security Studies “George C. Marshall”) Adrian Gheorghe, Professor Eng., Ph.D. (Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) Libor Frank, Ph.D. (Institute for Strategic Studies, Defence University, Brno, Czech Republic) Dario Matika, Ph.D. (Institute for Research and Development of Defence Systems, Zagreb, Croatia) Nicolae Dolghin, Senior Researcher, Ph.D. Gheorghe Văduva, Senior Researcher, Ph.D. Scientific Board: Mihai Velea, Professor, Ph.D. Grigore Alexandrescu, Senior Researcher, Ph.D. Editors: Constantin Moştoflei, Senior Researcher, Ph.D., editor-in-chief Vasile Popa, Researcher, deputy editor-in-chief Corina Vladu George Răduică, Ph.D. The authors are responsible for their articles’ content, respecting the provisions of the Law no. 206 from the 27th of May, 2004, regarding the conduct in scientific research. ISSN 1842-9904 (online edition) STRATEGIC IMPACT CONTENTS The Black Sea, from competition to cooperation: the energy security regime Eng. Alexandru COTOARĂ-NICOLAE................................................................................5 Cooperation vs conflict in the realm of natural energy within the Greater Black SeaArea Şerban F. CIOCULESCU, PhD.............. ...............................................................................8 Russia-US relations and the Black Sea security Nicolae DOLGHIN, PhD.....................................................................................................16 Reshaping Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian defence component of security within the Wider Black Sea Area Gheorghe MARIN, PhD.......................................................................................................25 MPFSEE - Military-Political initiative of regional cooperation Dan GHICA-RADU, PhD, Marius FAUR ..........................................................................31 Black Sea Harmony - attitudes and perspectives Dorin DĂNILĂ, Ion CUSTURĂ, PhD................................................................................35 Caucasus events and their effects on the Wider Black Sea Area’s security Constantin-Gheorghe BALABAN, PhD..............................................................................�� Consequences of NATO and EU expansion on the Wider Black Sea Area’s security Teodor FRUNZETI, PhD.....................................................................................................�8 The future of our neighbours: EU’s Eastern Parnership Initiative Gabriela DRĂGAN, PhD, Iulia SERAFIMESCU ..............................................................65 The future of security and cooperation in the Black Sea Area from the perspective of solving disputes between riparians Marius HANGANU, PhD....................................................................................................72 How important is the Black Sea Area (BSA) for the continental and global security? An essay on geo-strategic players and pivots, and on the broader meaning of history Florin DIACONU, PhD........................................................................................................78 Cooperation towards and against security in the Black Sea Area Alexandra SARCINSCHI, PhD............................................................................................82 Economic and energy interdependencies in the Black Sea Region Cristian BĂHNĂREANU, PhD...........................................................................................89 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 2/2009 STRATEGIC IMPACT REVIEWS The terrorism pshychology in the globalisation era ..............................................................98 CDSSS’ AGENDA The activities of the Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies, April-June 2009 Irina CUCU........................................................................................................................1�� Instructions for authors.........................................................................................................1�2 STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 2/2009 STRATEGIES FOR COOPERATION WITHIN THE BLACK SEA AREA THE BLACK SEA, FROM COMPETITION TO COOPERATION: THE ENERGY SECURITY REGIME* Eng. Alexandru COTOARĂ-NICOLAE The article, based on a speech, advances the idea Regional cooperation of a fresh approach towards the Black Sea region, viewed from Bucharest based on a recognized theory of international relations, the international regimes respectively. A vision and incentives always stand at the Since 198 the theory of international regimes basis of an energy security regime for mutual gains. provided an interesting theoretical framework that Romania views the regional security system and, has not yet been tackled by the Black Sea littoral implicitly, the energy security regime, through its policy makers. status of NATO and EU member, emphasizing the The article offers a possible implementation importance of political tools such as diplomacy, of the international regimes theory for the partnership and negotiations. The principles that cooperation on energy security issues within the guide NATO’s involvement in the region are Black Sea region. also the ones that founded Romania’s policies Keywords: Black Sea Region, international in this area: transparency, complementarity and regimes, regional security regimes, energy inclusiveness. security. Regional cooperation should take into account, besides the above mentioned principles, the Introduction necessity to identify profitable solutions for all parties involved. This raises a very important We would like to express our gratitude for topic: regional ownership principle must not lead the people involved in organizing this activity, to the isolation of the region, but to connect it to a as it represents an opportunity to provide you, larger geopolitical concept. from our perspective, with what we consider Regional cooperation is both about relations significant issues related to regional cooperation between the regional actors and relations between and development within the Black Sea Area. the region and outer-region actors. Although a very And in this respect, we would first emphasize good intra-regional relationship is highly desired, one of the strengths of the Wider Black Sea Area: this should not be mistaken for a need to close that the idea that getting NATO and EU membership region by taking the regional ownership principle for some of the riparian states, or various degrees to the extreme. Nor should we allow democratic of cooperation, for all the other states, with the two principles of cooperation to become tools for organizations, provided the proper conditions for expanding areas of influence, which bring into cooperation and the coordination of efforts towards mind old and unpleasant memories. The influence reaching the common goal, that of sustainability areas’ policy and strategy need to be finally and stability. replaced with policies and security strategies by We will focus our approach on a subject that cooperation, collaboration and partnership. is both academically and politically relevant, During the last years, Wider Black Sea Area namely addressing the incentives for building up has transformed itself, in many ways, almost a coherent and institutionalized energy security beyond recognition, these positive developments regime in the Black Sea region, as a prerequisite being clearly visible throughout the area. Three for future sustainable development. regional states are NATO members, two of these are also European Union members, while the other has started the accession negotiations. All STRATEGIC IMPACT No. 2/2009 STRATEGIES FOR COOPERATION WITHIN THE BLACK SEA AREA the other regional countries are actively engaged Towards a Black Sea Energy Security in processes of cooperation with both international Regime organizations. Therefore, we appreciate that we may talk today of NATO and EU as of international The sight of planes flying into the Twin Towers actors directly interested in the area. These realities in New York on September 11 2��1 has become conduct to an almost natural process of assimilation a terrifying image of our times. Forever burned not only at the individual, but also at the level of the into the public consciousness, it has profoundly region as a whole, of the democratic values and of affected us: we are now convinced that international a new perspective on the security concept, but not terrorism is the greatest threat to world security. as an isolation or fragmented regional architecture, After the strategic holiday that many of us took but as a link and way for a European, Euro- after the end of the Cold War, the 9/11 events have Atlantic and Eurasian connection, both regionally made us aware again of the threats and risks with
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