DOCSLIB.ORG

Studia Securitatis 2 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studia Securitatis 2 2019 Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Department of International Relations, Political Science and Security Studies STUDIA SECURITATIS Security Studies Magazine Two Issues/Year Volume XIII No. 2/2019 ISSN: 1843-1925 1 INTERNATIONAL AFFILIATION: CEEOL: http://www.ceeol.com/ EBSCO: http://www.ebscohost.com/ ERIHPLUS: https://dbh.nsd.uib.no/publiseringskanaler /erihplus INDEX COPERNICUS: http://www.indexcopernicus.com/ ULRICH'S PERIODICAL DIRECTORY: http://ulrichsweb.serialssolutions.com/ INFOBASE INDEX: http://www.infobaseindex.com/ SOCIONET.RU: http://socionet.ru/ RESEARCHBIB: http://www.researchbib.com/ MIAR: http://miar.ub.edu GLOBAL IMPACT & QUALITY FACTOR: http://globalimpactfactor.com/ 2 BOARD EDITORIAL BOARD: CHIEF-EDITOR: Gra țian Lupu CO-EDITORS: Cristian Troncot ă, Gabriel Șerban, Nicoleta Annemarie Munteanu, Marius Șpechea, Iustin Vancea, Emilia Tomescu, Iuliana Neago ș SCIENTIFIC BOARD: • Corvin Lupu (Founder Studia Securitatis) • Eugen Str ăuțiu (Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu) • Marc Chesnel (Académie des Belles-Lettres Sciences et Arts de la Rochelle) • Siegmar Schmidt (Universität Koblenz-Landau) • Liubiša Despotovi ć (Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade) • Gheorghe Bichicean (Romanian-German University of Sibiu) • Alexandr Dughin (Lomonosov University of Moscow) • Valeriu Mo şneaga (State University of Moldova, Chi şin ău) • Antonio Nadal (University of Malaga) • Dan Dungaciu (Institute of Political Science and International Relations, Romanian Academy, Bucharest) • Tomasz B ąk (University of Information, Technology and Management of Rzes źow) • Teodor Frunzeti (Academy of Romanian Scientist, Bucharest) • Stelian Sc ăuna ş (Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu) • Anzhela Ignatyuk (Taras Shevcenko University, Kiyv) • Mihai Marcel Neag (Nicolae B ălcescu Land Forces Academy of Sibiu) • Forrest Nabors (University of Alaska, Anchorage) • Vakhtang Maisaia (Sukhishvili University, Tbilisi) • Cristian Barna (Mihai Viteazul National Academy of Intelligence, Bucharest) • Aurelian Lavric (Alexandru cel Bun Military Academy of Chisinau) • Mojtaba Zarvani (State University of Tehran) • Vasile Tab ără (Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu) 3 SCIENTIFIC REVIEWERS: • Victor Moraru (Academy of Sciences, Chisinau) • Lucian Cioca (Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu) • Andrey Devyatkov (University of Moscow) • Teodor Bodoa șcă (Dimitrie Cantemir University of Târgu Mure ș) • Ganna Kharlamova (Taras Sevecenko University of Kyiv) • Viorica Țîcu (Free International University of Moldova, Chisinau) • Mircea Cosma (Alma Mater University of Sibiu) • Leonid Litra (Institute of World Policy, Kyiv) • Diana Bencheci (State University of Moldova, Chisinau) • Gligor Ciortea (Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu) • Victor Saca (State University of Moldova, Chisinau) • Vasile C ăru ţaşu (Nicolae B ălcescu Land Forces Academy of Sibiu) • Natalia Albu (Alexandru cel Bun Military Academy of Chisinau) • Vladimir Yastrebceak (Taras Sevcenko State University of Tiraspol) • Paul Brusanowski (Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu) • Dragan Trailovi ć (Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade) • Natalia Putin ă (State University of Moldova, Chisinau) • Silvia Florea (Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu) Copyright © 2017-2020, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Department of International Relations, Political Scrience and Security Studies 550324 Sibiu, Calea Dumbr ăvii nr. 34 Tel. / Fax: +40-269-422169 Web: http://reviste.ulbsibiu.ro/studiasecuritatis/ E-mail: [email protected] 4 CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL SECURITY Anghel ANDREESCU, WHO NEEDS BOMBS? THE ISLAMIC JIHAD: FROM 6 Nicolae RADU THE DEFEAT OF TERROR AND THE HOLY WAR TO THE HOPE OF LIBERTY Maria VLACHADI MIGRATION FLOWS AND ECONOMIC DATA 12 Georgia KOUFIOTI ANALYSIS Athanasios KOUNIOS Svetlana CEBOTARI THE BLACK SEA REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 20 Sergiu PLOP GEOPOLITIC INTERESTS OF THE MAJOR POWERS Romina BERE Ș CONFLICTS PERSPECTIVE AND THE TENSIONS IN 38 Marius ȘPECHEA THE MIDDLE EAST HUMAN SECURITY Ion SÎRBU THE HUMAN PARADIGM IN COMMUNICATION: 49 SECURITY ISSUES Emilia TOMESCU FUTURE POLITICS, HUMAN SSECURITY AND THE 61 FUTURE OF THE HUMAN BEING Dan Alexandru POPESCU DERADICALIZATION FOR DUMMIES. THE SCOURGE 67 OF HAZARD Valentin B ĂDESCU TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC 83 LAW IN THA NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN SPACE AFTER 1989 ECONOMIC SECURITY Corvin LUPU THEACTIVITY OF THE ROMANIAN SECURITATE 111 ON SPECIAL CURRENCY CONTRIBUITION Gra țian LUPU BANKING ACTIVITIES AND BANK INTEREST – 124 THREATS TO ECONOMIC SECURITY BOOK REVIEW S Corvin LUPU TREASON HAD NESTED A LONG TIME AGO IN D.S.S., 131 BY CONSTANTIN AIOANEI AND CRISTIAN TRONCOT Ă 5 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY Anghel ANDREESCU (1) Academy of Romanian Scientists, Military Sciences Nicolae RADU (2) ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Police Academy, Bucharest WHO NEEDS BOMBS? THE ISLAMIC JIHAD: FROM THE DEFEAT OF TERROR AND THE HOLY WAR TO THE HOPE OF LIBERTY Abstract: The Islamic fundamentalism, the conspiracy theory, the terrorist organizations Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and Al-Shabaab, are leading topics for the 2020 Agenda also! Iran urges to reflections! Northern Africa is shaken by multiple attacks, Nigeria mourns its dead, Somalia lives in terror! The democracy in France has been attacked on several occasions! What is to be done? Without having the decision-making power in preventing and combating terrorism, our concerns are met through “The Islamic Jihad: From the Defeat of Terror and the Holy War to the Hope of Liberty”, which is intended, beyond all controversy, a call to profound introspection! In the hope that we will not determine destructive behaviors, we reiterate information of interest, in the hope that those who have the duty of defending peace shall strive unremittingly for a better future, through consensus and viable actions! Peace does not stick with blood! Peace shall be kept with wisdom! Keywords: Intelligence; Fight for resources; Multiple interests; Geopolitical reconfiguration; Introspections Contact E-mail: details of the (1)[email protected] author: (2)[email protected] Institutional (1) ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Police Academy, Bucharest affiliation of (2)Academy of Romanian Scientists, Military Sciences the author Institutions (1)Ilfov Street, No.3, sector 5, Bucharest, phone: 021.314.74.91, address: http://www.aosr.ro/ (2)Aleea Privighetorilor Street, No. 1-3, sector 1, Bucharest, phone: 0040- 021.317.55.23; fax: 0040-021.317.55.17, http://www.academiadepolitie.ro/ In the context of the need for Powers, including the G20, whether we are legitimizing the military actions in the talking about the United States of America, Middle East, terrorism certainly remained or we think about Russia, France, and will certainly remain an opportunity Germany, Spain or the People’s Republic for discussions at the table of the Great 6 of China! 1 If we look back, in the last few thing happened on the 29 th of March, at years, in the Middle East, more than Sirte, in Libya, on the occasion of the Arab 21,000 persons had fallen victim to the League summit discussing the measures 1,500 attacks. In the African Sub-Saharan for supporting the Palestinian Authority regions, over 3,445 people died in 187 and the arrangements to force the Jewish attacks while in Asia, 302 attacks state to change its policy towards the happened, resulting in 3,279 dead. We construction of new dwellings in the cannot but mention Europe and the United Eastern neighborhoods of the capital-city States of America, where over 700 people Jerusalem. were killed in approximately 55 attacks 2! Held under the slogan “The Arab Do we have an explanation for all these citizen is waiting for action and the Arab crimes? What causes the terrorist actions? public has got enough of words.”, the The primary answer lies within each of us Summit had Italy’s Prime Minister Silvio and yet the terrorist actions call for a Berlusconi also as a guest, who was caught complex analysis! on cameras as he was kissing Gaddafi’s If the relationship with Europe is hands! What was it that determined Italian America’s most important contract in the multibillionaire Silvio Berlusconi to do world, then what was the relationship of such a gesture?! It is known that Gaddafi the USA with the Arab world, after the and Berlusconi had a very close personal death of Osama bin Laden was relationship 5. However, what is not as confirmed?! Looking only towards Saudi well-known is that Berlusconi keeps in Arabia, towards Egypt, Yemen, Jordan, touch with one of the investment Syria or Iran, we understand that the undertakings of the Libyan state. In June interests lead to multiple divergencies, 2009, a company registered in the which makes us approximate Winston Netherlands, controlled by the Libyan Churchill’s words: “We have no lasting Arab Foreign Investment Company, took friends, no lasting enemies, only lasting over 10% of the shares of “Quinta interests” 3! This thing is all the more Communications”, a film production and visible if we only recall the “historical” distribution company based in Paris. gesture, of full significance, given by the “Quinta Communications” was founded in fact that the Italian Prime Minister the 90s, by Berlusconi, in partnership with Berlusconi kissed the Libyan President Tarak Ben Ammar, the former Tunisian Colonel Muammar Gaddafi’s hand. leader Habib Bourguiba’s nephew 6. Berlusconi kissed Gaddafi’s hand 4! This The Libyan investors own shares in strategic Italian companies. They would 1https://www.mediafax.ro/externe/atentatele-din-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Failure of Secessionist Movements in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia
    Research and Science Today Supplement 2013 International Relations THE FAILURE OF SECESSIONIST MOVEMENTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND CROATIA Paul DUȚĂ1 ABSTRACT: THE CURRENTS OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN SECURITY ARE IN AN INCREASINGLY INTENSE DIALOGUE FOR A RETHINKING OF ISSUES ON THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE SOVEREIGNTY OF STATES, DIALOGUE REFLECTED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNICATING VESSELS IN THE METAMORPHOSES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. THE PARTICULARLY DELICATE ISSUES RELATED TO COMPLEX RELATIONS OF "VERTICAL INTEGRATION" WITHIN THE EU ARE KEPT FROZEN FOR NOW ON THE AGENDA OF THE EU BUT MORE LIKELY THAN THAT, THEY WILL BE THE FUTURE AGENDA OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, AFTER THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS IN 2014. THE SPECIAL LITERATURE IS ADVANCING A NUMBER OF SCENARIOS THAT CAN INDUCE A PALETTE OF PARADOXICAL SITUATIONS WITH ADVERSE INFLUENCE ON EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE. A UNIFIED SOLUTION DERIVED FROM A PERSPECTIVE GOVERNED WITHOUT "EXCEPTIONS WHICH CANNOT TURN IN PRECEDENTS" IS PARTICULARLY ACUTE, AS THE UNANIMOUS OPINION IS THAT THE EUROPEAN TREATIES ARE DEFECTIVE AND THE SOLID AND HARMONIOUS VISION BUILT UPON THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EUROPEAN STATES IS BESET BY SEPARATIST MOVEMENTS IN EUROPE. THE LAST FEW DECADES, AMID A GEOPOLITICAL GIANT REALIGNMENT, HAVE RECORDED A RATHER COMPLEX CONTRADICTORY PHENOMENON, THE DISSOLUTION OF STATE FEDERATIONS (USSR, SFRY, AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA) AND THE REUNIFICATION OF OTHER COUNTRIES (GERMANY) UNDER A FEDERATION. THE FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF ANALYSIS – HISTORICAL LANDMARKS, CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, USE AND REFERENDUM LEGITIMACY, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY'S INVOLVEMENT, THE EXISTENCE OF ARMED VIOLENCE, THE RECOGNITION OF THE SECESSIONIST ENTITY STATUS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL POINT OF VIEW.
    [Show full text]
  • International Relations the OSCE STRATEGIES of MEDIATION and NEGOTIATION CARRIED out in MOLDOVA and UKRAINE
    Research and Science Today No. 2(10)/2015 International Relations THE OSCE STRATEGIES OF MEDIATION AND NEGOTIATION CARRIED OUT IN MOLDOVA AND UKRAINE Paul DUTA1 ABSTRACT: THE STRATEGY FOR MOLDOVA IS VERY CONFUSED: FROM A UNITARY STATE, A CONFEDERATION, AND FEDERATION TO THE REUNION WITH ROMANIA. ANYWAY, "THE MESEBERG INITIATIVE" PROPOSES THE POSSIBLE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CONSULTING MECHANISM ON SECURITY ISSUES FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION-THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. THIS ARRANGEMENT IS WITHOUT ROMANIA. IN UKRAINE, CRIMEA AND THE DONBAS REGION STATUS IS VERY CONFUSED, ALSO. IN THE CASE OF THE CIVIL WAR IN UKRAINE, THE EFFORTS OF MEDIATION SANCTIONS AND NEGOTIATION HAVE MADE CERTAIN STEPS, ON THE INITIATIVE OF GERMANY AND FRANCE, COMPLEMENTED BY THE OSCE. “THE NORMANDY FORMAT” – RUSSIA, GERMANY, FRANCE AND UKRAINE – CAN SUPERVISE THE COMPLIANCE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION THE ARRANGEMENT, AND CAN INVITE USA TO PARTICIPATE. HOWEVER, IS NOT USUAL TO IGNORE THE USA AND THE GREAT BRITANY IN THIS VERY HOT ISSUE NOT ONLY FOR EUROPE BUT FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD. KEYWORDS: MOLDOVA, UKRAINE, OSCE, “THE NORMADY FORMAT”, USA, UK To restore international peace and security several political-diplomatic steps must be completed. Some methodological details are required from the very beginning. First, because the differences in regulation and theoretical explanations between "threat to international peace and security", "conflict situation", "crisis", "conflict", "low-intensity war" ("small war", "low intensity conflict", "guerrilla") are not the subject of this study, we will still use the phrase of "violation of international peace." Second, the United Nations terminology draws the distinction between "armed conflict" and "international armed conflict", we will overcome this altered approach especially important coming under the phrase of "violation of international peace," giving up this simplifying vision only in the cases that are strictly defined, and where the meanings of the United Nations rules impose a specifically defined approach.
    [Show full text]
  • One Flank, One Threat, One Presence
    ONE FLANK, ONECenter for EuropeanTHREAT, Policy Analysis ONE PRESENCE A Strategy for NATO’s Eastern Flank LTG (Ret.) Ben Hodges Janusz Bugajski COL (Ret.) Ray Wojcik Carsten Schmiedl 2 May 2020 Center for European Policy Analysis All opinions are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the position or views of the institutions they represent or the Center for European Policy Analysis. About CEPA The Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) is a 501(c)(3), non-profit, non-partisan, public policy research institute. Our mission is to promote an economically vibrant, strategically secure, and politically free Europe with close and enduring ties to the United States. Our analytical team consists of the world’s leading experts on Central-East Europe, Russia, and its neighbors. Through cutting- edge research, analysis, and programs we provide fresh insight on energy, security, and defense to government officials and agencies; we help transatlantic businesses navigate changing strategic landscapes; and we build networks of future Atlanticist leaders. © 2020 by the Center for European Policy Analysis, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from the Center for European Policy Analysis, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. Center for European Policy Analysis 1275 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 400 Washington, DC 20004 E-mail: [email protected] www.cepa.org Cover image: Standing NATO Maritime Group Two and Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group Two in the Black Sea in 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • 95 De Ani De La Marea Unire
    Magazin al Fundaţiei „Mareşal Alexandru Averescu” Străjer în calea furtunilor Cadran militar buzoian Anul VI, nr. 14, decembrie 2013 95 DE ANI DE LA MAREA UNIRE www.fundatia-averescu.ro AGENDAStrăjer FUNDAŢIEI în calea furtunilor SUMAR - EDITORIAL - - Locotenent-colonel Romeo Feraru - Alba Iulia, cheie de boltă (1) - AGENDA FUNDAŢIEI - - „Pierit-au dacii ?” Congresul Internațional de Dacologie, la Buzău (2) - Tabăra „Tânărul cercetaş", ediția a III -a (3) - Onor la mareșal (7) - Mareșalul Alexandru Averescu, în Poiana Câmpina (8) Adresa: - EVENIMENT - Buzău, str. Unirii nr. 140 - Locotenent-colonel dr. Florin Şperlea - 1 Decembrie. Semnificaţiile Zilei Tel. 0735233264 Naţionale a României (9) www.fundatia-averescu.ro - Profesor dr. Manuel Stănescu - O naţiune, un singur ţel - Unirea (13) - General-maior dr. Nicolae Ciucă - Comemorare 75. Omagiu mareșalului Director Averescu (17) : gl. mr. dr. Nicolae Ciucă - Interviu cu academicianul Şerban Papacostea - Aproape de Averescu (19) COLECTIVUL DE REDACŢIE - Emil Niculescu - Alexandru Averescu privit de Constantin Noica (21) Redactor-şef: - Doctor Napoleon Săvescu - Congresul Internațional de Dacologie. Călătorie lt. col. Romeo Feraru genetică (25) Redactor-şef adjunct: - Locotenent-colonel Romeo Feraru - Simbolistica dacică în heraldica Armatei Emil Niculescu României - Divizia 2 Infanterie „Getica” (29) Secretar de redacţie: - ISTORIE, CULTURĂ - col. (r) Constantin Dinu - Sorin Turturică - Aurel Vlaicu, destinul unui creator (31) Redactori: - Profesor univ. dr. Constantin I. Stan - Problema petrolului în Primul Război col. Liviu Corciu Mondial (40) Viorel Frîncu - Colonel (r.) Viorel Ciobanu - Aniversare 340. Dimitrie Cantemir, militar și Departament economie: diplomat (44) lt. col. (r) Gherghina Oprişan - Profesor Alina Radu - Dimitrie Cantemir, un enciclopedist european (48) Difuzare: - Viorel Frîncu - Pompiliu Ionescu, ziarist buzoian în Regimentul 8 Infanterie (50) Plt.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSICAL CRYPTOGRAPHY COURSE by LANAKI February 22
    CLASSICAL CRYPTOGRAPHY COURSE BY LANAKI February 22, 1996 Revision 0 COPYRIGHT 1996 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED LECTURE 8 INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTARITHMS AND HILL CIPHER SUMMARY In Lecture 8, we depart from the schedule for a real treat. In the first part of this Lecture, we introduce Cryptarithms by our guest lecturer LEDGE (Dr. Gerhard D. Linz). LEDGE has already produced one of our better references on beginning cryptography [LEDG], and I appreciate his assistance in our course. The cryptarithms portion of this course will be presented in three lectures and for the final book labelled Lectures 20 - 23. Following the Cryptarithms section we introduce the Hill Cipher. Our second guest lecturer is NORTH DECODER. Dr. Jerry Metzger and his team are presenting you with the Crypto Drop Box and the ACA-L Listserver. The Hill cipher has six GIF files associated with it and can be found at the CDB. Waiting in wings patiently for my resource materials is TATTERS to present Cipher Exchange problems. INTRODUCTION TO CRYPTARITHMS (by LEDGE) Here's the first of the Cryptarithm lectures. It consists of a general introduction to the genre including how to read the problems. That's followed by an explanation of modulo arithmetic. Then we look at how to identify the letters that represent 0, 1 and 9, called digital characteristics. Then there are two sections on making inferences, each demonstrating a problem solution. Finally, there's a section on extracting square roots. Next lecture LEDGE will give some aids for solving multiplication problems and then go into base 11 and base 12 arithmetic.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrecy, Acknowledgement, and War Escalation: a Study in Covert Competition
    Secrecy, Acknowledgement, and War Escalation: A Study in Covert Competition DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Austin Matthews Carson, M.A. Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Randall Schweller, Advisor Richard Herrmann Jennifer Mitzen Copyrighted by Austin Matthews Carson 2013 Abstract Why do states use secrecy? Specifically, why do great powers often seem to create a kind of “backstage” area around local conflicts? That is, why create a covert realm where external powers can meddle in local conflicts to pursue their security interests? This project generally analyzes how secrecy is used in international politics and why states are individually and collectively motivated to use it. Existing scholarship suggests states use secrecy to surprise their adversaries or insulate their leaders from dovish domestic political groups. I develop an alternative logic rooted in the desire to control conflict escalation risks. In the context of interventions in local conflicts by outside powers, I find intervening states use covert methods to maintain control over the perceptions and interpretations of outside audiences whose reactions determine the magnitude of external pressure on leaders to escalate further. Intervening in a secret, plausibly deniable manner makes restraint and withdrawal on the part of the intervening state easier. It also creates ambiguity about their role which can give the political space to responding states to ignore covert meddling and respond with restraint. Escalation control dynamics therefore make sense of why states intervene secretly and, more puzzling, why other states – even adversaries – may join in ignoring and covering up such covert activity (what I call “tacit collusion”).
    [Show full text]
  • NATO Intelligence Sharing in the 21 Century
    NATO Intelligence Sharing in the 21st Century Columbia School of International and Public Affairs Capstone Research Project, Spring 2013 RESEARCH TEAM FACULTY ADVISOR Keenan Mahoney Dr. Joshua Rovner [email protected] [email protected] Nemanja Mladenovic [email protected] Salvador Molina [email protected] Adam Scher [email protected] Selma Stern [email protected] Christopher Zoia [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction & Framework 4 France 8 Germany 18 Italy 28 Turkey 41 Conclusion 55 Notes 57 Appendix 65 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report analyzes the opportunities and obstacles for intelligence sharing with select NATO members: France, Germany, Italy, and Turkey. In addition to describing the history, organizational structure, and capabilities of these members’ civilian and military intelligence organizations, the report provides a framework for assessing a country’s propensity to share intelligence based on the following six factors: strategic priorities, security environment, established partnerships, intelligence capabilities, and culture. We hope this framework can serve as an enduring analytical tool for intelligence scholars and practitioners. Based on our research, we conclude the following about the prospects for intelligence sharing with France, Germany, Italy, and Turkey: Due to the insular nature of France’s secret services and the lack of legislative oversight, France’s propensity to share intelligence will depend on the characteristics of its potential partners. France will be likely to share if the partner is involved in similar areas of strategic interest, if it is affected by an event that causes a sense of crisis in France, if there are mutual “boots on the ground,” or if the partner is a member of Five Eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Codebreakers
    Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE Codebreakers The Story of Secret Writing By DAVID KAHN (abridged by the author) A SIGNET BOOK from NEW AMERICAN LIBRARV TIMES MIRROR Copyright © 1967, 1973 by David Kahn All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information address The Macmillan Company, 866 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-16109 Crown copyright is acknowledged for the following illustrations from Great Britain's Public Record Office: S.P. 53/18, no. 55, the Phelippes forgery, and P.R.O. 31/11/11, the Bergenroth reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Sir/Madam
    International Scientific Committee: International Scientific Committee: . Gheorghe CALOPĂREANU Liviu FILIP National Defense University, Romania Universitatea “Gheorghe Asachi”, Romania Teodor FRUNZETI Edith Mihaela DOBRESCU Academy of Romanian Scientists, Romania Institute for World Economy, Romania Emilian DOBRESCU Anca DINICU Romanian Academy, Romania Land Forces Academy, Romania Ghiță BÂRSAN Ioan Gabriel POPA Land Forces Academy, Romania Land Forces Academy, Romania Constantin – Iulian VIZITIU Dumitru IANCU Military Technical Academy, Romania Land Forces Academy, Romania Alecu TOMA Diana Elena RANF INTERNATIONAL "Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy, Romania Land Forces Academy, Romania Ioan Vasile ABRUDAN Aurelian RAȚIU Transilvania University of Brașov, Romania Land Forces Academy, Romania SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE Ileana TACHE BADEA Dorel Transilvania University of Brașov, Romania Land Forces Academy, Romania CoDRM 2021 Mary S. McCULLY Dan COLESNIUC National Defense University, USA Ministry of National Defense, Romania Fahri ERENEL Olga Maria Cristina BUCOVEŢCHI Istinye University, Turkey Politechnics University of Bucharest, Romania Mustafa Kemal TOPCU Ioan VIRCA Call for papers National Defense University, Turkey Land Forces Academy, Romania William BARTLETT London School of Economics and Political Sciences, UK Cezar VASILESCU DRESMARA, Romania Eleftherios THALASSINOS Florin Eduard GROSARU DRESMARA, Romania “DEFENSE RESOURCES University of Piraeus, Greece Maria CONSTANTINESCU DRESMARA, Romania Jean-Pierre ALLEGRET Aura CODREANU DRESMARA,
    [Show full text]
  • Nicole Bauer, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    The Fate of Secrets in a Public Sphere: the Comte de Broglie and the Demise of the Secret du roi Nicole Bauer, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill In every century, secrecy has been a part of the diplomatic game and the sine qua non of espionage. For Louis XV, however, secrecy became a volatile weapon that did him more harm than good, especially at the end of his reign. Like fire, secrets sometimes took a life of their own and burned those clandestinely serving the king instead of enemies—even Louis XV became a victim of his own espionage. In the end, he himself was burned. In the middle decades of the eighteenth century, Louis XV conducted a secret foreign policy with a network of spies, run for much of its existence until the end by the Comte de Broglie. This network was referred to as the secret du roi by its own members and initiates, and sometimes merely as “the secret.” The secret du roi often went counter to his official policy and was conducted behind the backs of his ministers. This on the surface is puzzling. Why have two policies that worked at cross purposes and that prompted government officials to be at odds with one another, keeping secrets from one another and certainly not facilitating an efficient flow of information? It may help to think of secrets as political currency. In royal courts, keeping one’s secrets hidden while learning those of potential enemies was essential to survival. Louis XV had taken the advice of his predecessor, Louis XIV, to heart: that a king should always have several sources of information, preferably unknown to one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Teodor FRUNZETI the CONCEPT of "SMART DEFENSE"
    Teodor FRUNZETI Professor Ph.D. Lieutenant General Commandant (Rector) National Defense University “Carol I” THE CONCEPT OF "SMART DEFENSE" IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EFFICIENT DEFENSE PLANNING The international security environment is currently undergoing a series of fundamental changes becoming increasingly complex. Consequently, international actors need to fi nd innovative ways to manage security and defense. The global fi nancial and economic crisis has had a strong impact on military budgets, making it necessary for states and regional and international organizations concerned with such issues to streamline their defense planning and the more so because, in addition to the already consecrated risks and security threats, there are also new challenges. The concepts of “pooling and sharing” and “smart defense” have become, in this context, increasingly popular generating new initiatives in defense planning. However, despite some successes in this regard and their presentation as ideal solutions for managing defense in the current context, these concepts involve a number of diffi culties to overcome that sometimes may translate into strategic political military and even economic disadvantages. Key words: “pooling and sharing”, “smart defense”, security challenges, reductions in military budgets, NATO, EU, prioritization, cooperation, specialization. 1. INTRODUCTION The international security environment is currently subject to a series of fundamental changes altering the way the defense and security problem is addressed. The most signifi cant one occurs in the polarity of the international system that switches from a unipolar confi guration to a multipolar one, that is from the existence of several countries comparable in terms of the power resources they hold and that are centered around a single power center with signifi cantly more capabilities than other actors [1] to the existence of multiple power centers in the international arena with comparable resources.
    [Show full text]
  • SARAH HOROWITZ FRIENDSHIP and POLITICS
    FRIENDSHIP and POLITICS IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE SARAH HOROWITZ FRIENDSHIP and POLITICS in POST- REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE FRIENDSHIP and POLITICS in POST- REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE SARAH HOROWITZ The Pennsylvania State University Press University Park, Pennsylvania Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Horowitz, Sarah, 1978– author. Friendship and politics in post-revolutionary France / Sarah Horowitz. p. cm Summary: “Explores the place of friendship in helping French society and the political system recover from the upheaval of the Revolution. Examines the interdependence of public and private in post-revolutionary France, as well as the central role of women in political reconstruction”—Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-271-06192-4 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Friendship—Political aspects—France—History—19th century. 2. France—Politics and government—19th century. 3. Political culture—France—History—19th century. 4. Politicians—France—Social life and customs—19th century. 5. Politicians—Social networks—France—History—19th century. 6. Women—Political activity—France—History—19th century. I. Title. dc252.h67 2013 306.20944'09034—dc23 2013027155 Copyright © 2013 The Pennsylvania State University All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA 16802-1003 The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the Association of American University Presses. It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid- free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Material, ansi z39.48–1992. This book is printed on paper that contains 30% post-consumer waste.
    [Show full text]