Six Feet Under En Het Postpatriarchaat

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Six Feet Under En Het Postpatriarchaat Universiteit Gent Academiejaar 2008-2009 SIX FEET UNDER EN HET POSTPATRIARCHAAT Een studie van de reeks Six Feet Under in het licht van veranderende genderconventies Promotor: Dr. Katrien De Moor Verhandeling voorgelegd aan de Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte voor het verkrijgen van de graad van Master in de Vergelijkende Moderne Letterkunde door Leen Blomme 1 2 VOORWOORD aren geleden bekeek ik voor het eerst de televisiereeks Six Feet Under en maakte ik kennis met de leden van de familie Fisher en hun geliefden. Vijf seizoenen lang slaagden zij erin J mij met hun interessante persoonlijkheden en boeiende levens aan het scherm gekluisterd te houden, en ook op familie, vrienden en kennissen waarmee ik over Six Feet Under sprak, liet de serie een diepe indruk na. Bij het zoeken naar een geschikt onderwerp voor mijn eindverhandeling in de Master Vergelijkende Moderne Letterkunde dacht ik dan ook meteen aan deze reeks terug. Ondertussen zijn we vele maanden verder en heeft mijn eindverhandeling talrijke inhoudelijke en vormelijke transformaties ondergaan. Het resultaat daarvan ligt nu voor mijn, en uiteraard ook voor uw neus: klaar om gelezen te worden! Omdat dit werk er uiteraard niet vanzelf is gekomen, wil ik hier nog even kort de mensen bedanken die me direct of indirect hebben geholpen bij het creëren ervan. Allereerst wil ik mijn promotor dr. Katrien De Moor bedanken. Dankzij haar uitgebreide kennis over, onder andere, gender- en seksualiteitsstudies, heeft ze me zeer goed wegwijs gemaakt in een studiedomein dat tot dan toe vrij onbekend voor me was. Daarnaast wil ik haar hier ook nog bedanken voor de waardevolle (lees-)tips die ze mee doorspeelde, de zorgvuldige begeleiding en steeds aanmoedigende woorden tijdens het schrijfproces. Tot slot wil ik uiteraard ook nog de mensen buiten de universiteit bedanken die me tijdens de hele thesisweg gesteund hebben, zoals mijn vrienden en familie. Ik beloof hen hierbij plechtig dat ik de woorden ‘ Six Feet Under’ , ‘postpatriarchaat’ en ‘genderconventies’ de eerstkomende vijf jaar niet meer in de mond zal nemen. Leen Blomme Gent, juli 2009 3 INHOUDSOPGAVE VOORWOORD ........................................................................................................................ 3 INHOUDSOPGAVE ............................................................................................................... 4 1. INLEIDING ......................................................................................................................... 6 2. SIX FEET UNDER .............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Algemeen ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Ontstaansgeschiedenis ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Alan Ball .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2.2 HBO ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.3 Thematiek ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.3.1 Algemeen ................................................................................................................ 16 2.3.2 De dood ................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Queer perspective ................................................................................................... 19 2.4 Structuur, stijl en genres ................................................................................................... 21 2.4.1 Structuur .................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.2 Stijl en genres ......................................................................................................... 22 2.6 Personages ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.6.1 De familie Fisher .................................................................................................... 25 2.6.2 Geliefden en aanverwanten van de Fishers .......................................................... 27 2.6.2 De familie Chenowith ............................................................................................ 28 2.6.3 De familie Diaz ....................................................................................................... 29 3. HET PATRIARCHAAT .................................................................................................... 30 3.1 Betekenis ......................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Sekse en gender ................................................................................................................ 31 3.2 Het publieke en het domestieke patriarchaat .................................................................... 34 3.2.1 Het publieke patriarchaat ...................................................................................... 34 3.2.2 Het domestieke patriarchaat ................................................................................. 35 3.3 Kritiek op het patriarchaat ............................................................................................... 36 4. HET POSTPATRIARCHAAT .......................................................................................... 39 4.1 Betekenis ......................................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Six Feet Under en het postpatriarchaat ............................................................................. 40 4.2.1 Algemeen ................................................................................................................ 40 4.2.2 Six Feet Under en het publieke postpatriarchaat ................................................ 42 4.2.3 Six Feet Under en het domestieke postpatriarchaat ........................................... 46 4 5. VROUWELIJKHEID IN SIX FEET UNDER ............................................................... 49 5.1 Algemeen ......................................................................................................................... 49 5.2 Zelfontplooiing ................................................................................................................ 53 5.3 Zorg ................................................................................................................................. 57 5.4 Seksualiteit ....................................................................................................................... 62 6. MANNELIJKHEID IN SIX FEET UNDER ................................................................. 68 6.1 Algemeen ......................................................................................................................... 68 6.2 Mannelijke heteroseksualiteit in Six Feet Under ............................................................... 71 6.2.1 Heteronormativiteit en heteroseksualiteit ............................................................ 71 6.2.2 Emoties en intimiteit ............................................................................................. 74 6.2.3 Kritiek op patriarchale mannelijkheid .................................................................. 77 6.3 Mannelijke homoseksualiteit in Six Feet Under ................................................................ 80 6.3.1 Algemeen ................................................................................................................ 80 6.3.3 Heteronormativiteit en homoseksualiteit ............................................................. 82 6.3.2 Homofobie .............................................................................................................. 85 7. CONCLUSIE ...................................................................................................................... 89 BIBLIOGRAFIE .................................................................................................................... 93 Primaire bronnen ................................................................................................................... 93 Secundaire bronnen ............................................................................................................... 95 5 1. INLEIDING n kritieken en reviews die over de Amerikaanse televisiereeks Six Feet Under verschenen, wordt deze talrijk bekroonde serie geprezen voor de gedurfde manier waarop ze omgaat I met genderconventies en taboe onderwerpen. Vele critici opperen dat deze reeks traditionele conventies rond mannelijkheid en vrouwelijkheid in vraag stelt en zelfs doorbreekt. Om te onderzoeken hoe ver Six Feet Under daarin gaat, zal ik de reeks in deze eindverhandeling aan een kritische studie onderwerpen en analyseren vanuit genderperspectief, meerbepaald vanuit het concept ‘postpatriarchaat’. De onderzoeksvraag die ik zal beantwoorden is dan ook: “in hoeverre worden in de reeks Six Feet Under genderconventies doorbroken?” Als vertrekpunt voor mijn analyse, baseer ik mij op een korte kritiek van de reeks door Robert Tobin. In “
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