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Docteur L'école Nationale Supérieure D'arts Et Métiers N°: 2008 ENAM 0036 Ecole doctorale n° 432 : Sciences des Métiers de l’Ingénieur T H È S E pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers Spécialité “Informatique” présentée et soutenue publiquement par Shaopei CHEN le 19 décembre 2008 MULTI-SCALE AND MULTI-MODAL GIS-T DATA MODEL A CASE STUDY FOR THE CITY OF GUANGZHOU, CHINA Directeur de thèse : Christophe CLARAMUNT Co-encadrement de la thèse : Cyril RAY Jury : M. Evtim PEYTCHEV, Professeur, Nottingham Trent University ................................Examinateur.............................. M. Yvon KERMARREC, Professeur, Télécom Bretagne ................................................................Rapporteur ............ Mme Marie-Aude AUFAURE, Professeur, Ecole Centrale Paris, INRIA ................................Rapporteur................... M. Christophe CLARAMUNT, Professeur, IRENav, Ecole Navale ................................Examinateur........................... M. Cyril RAY, Maître de conférences, IRENav, Ecole Navale ................................................................Examinateur ..... M. Jianjun TAN, Professeur, GIGCAS, Guangzhou China ................................................................Examinateur .......... Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole Navale (EA 3634) L’ENSAM est un Grand Etablissement dépendant du Ministère de l’Education Nationale, composé de huit centres : AIX-EN-PROVENCE ANGERS BORDEAUX CHÂLONS-EN-CHAMPAGNE CLUNY LILLE METZ PARIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study has been financed by the French Government Scholarship, through the Embassy of France in Beijing. Many thanks to the directorate of the Consulate of France in Guangzhou, and especially to Professor Michel Farine and Mrs. Danielle Zhao for their helps during the study period. My PhD supervisors and promoters at the French Naval Academy Research Institute (IRENav) and the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GIGCAS), Professor Christophe Claramunt and Jianjun Tan, directed and encouraged me throughout the study. Professor Claramunt and Tan, with their broad vision, knowledge and critical comments, deepened my insight into the subject. Thanks also, to my third promoter, Dr. Cyril Ray from IRENav, who was a constant source of help. During the whole study period, including all stages of dissertation drafting. Cyril was involved in all discussions and made many useful suggestions. One part of the research benefited from discussions with Dr. Yong Li and his colleagues at Sun Yat-sen University in the city of Guangzhou. During the fieldwork in the city of Guangzhou, I enjoyed constructive conversations with Mr. Cong Peng and his colleagues from the Guangzhou Bureau of Urban Passenger Transportation, as well as with Qinqin Sun, Yingyuan Li and Pin Zhou from the Guangzhou Casample Information Technology Company. IRENav has provided wonderful working environment including top infrastructure and friendly staff. My gratitude especially goes to those people at IRENav who have followed my progress with interest. Their lasting friendship has not only been a factor in the implementation of current projects, but is also a good basis for ongoing and future cooperation. In particular, Secretary Marie Coz was always efficient in responding to my requests. With her kindness and concern, everything I have to face in France ran smoothly. Staying with the GIS research group of IRENav is such a great opportunity. I have shared nice experiences with Joseph Poupin, Eric Saux, Remi Thibaud, Thomas Devogele, Mathieu Petit, Ariane Mascret, Thierry Le Pors, Jean-Marie Le Yaouanc, Valérie Noyon, David Brosset and Thomas Le Bras. It is also a pleasure to have had the opportunity to meet some other Chinese Ph.D. students in IRENav. Yanwu Yang and Tianzhen Wang provided much inspiration for my study. I can never get back those days when I was away from my families and girlfriend (Zhihua Wang). Their understanding and love are great encouragement to me. My parents and other family members in my hometown are a source of support that I can always rely on. I II ABSTRACT MULTI-SCALE AND MULTI-MODAL GIS-T DATA MODEL RESUME: Les transports urbains connaissent des développements réguliers de plus en plus influencés par leurs impacts sociétaux, économiques et environnementaux. La prise en compte croissante des concepts de développement durable et de préservation de l’environnement impactent en effet la fonction et le rôle des transports publics. Les villes et mégalopoles qui connaissent une forte croissance démographique, et une pression accrue en termes d’occupation de l’espace, abordent désormais leur développement et la restructuration de leurs transports urbains comme un élément significatif de leurs politiques urbaines. Cette tendance est accentuée par une forte demande de la population en termes de développement raisonné, de meilleure qualité de vie et de réduction de la facture énergétique. Les sciences et les technologies de l’information sont toujours à la recherche de meilleures solutions permettant la modélisation, l’analyse et la gestion des transports et des mobilités urbaines. La recherche en géomatique et en systèmes d’information géographiques développent en particulier des solutions de gestion et d’aide au développement de systèmes de transport prenant en considération la complexité et les contraintes du milieu urbain. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse aborde les méthodes et les principes de modélisation qui au sein d’un système d’information géographique permettent la conception et la gestion d’un système de transport urbain multimodal. La recherche présentée intègre les dimensions spatiales et temporelles d’un système de transport urbain, à différents niveaux de granularité, au sein d’un modèle de données spécifiant et permettant l’évaluation des systèmes et des services de transport urbains. Le modèle de données et de méta-données proposé émerge d’un ensemble d’objectifs, de besoins et de contraintes spécifiés par les services des transports de la ville de Guangzhou en Chine. Les concepts abordés sont mis en œuvre au sein d’un système d’information du district de Tianhe, district représentatif des phénomènes de transports multimodaux de la ville de Guangzhou. Le prototype développé illustre l’implémentation du modèle proposé, et permet la conception d’applications et de services tels que la planification de trajets. Cette approche de conception d’un système d’information géographique en transport a pour objectif d’assister a la fois les organismes publics dans leurs missions de gestion et de développement mais aussi les usagers en proposant des services de transports optimisés. Mots-clés: Système d’information géographique en transport, réseaux de transports multimodaux, modélisation de données orientée objet ABSTRACT: Urban transportation development is undergoing continuous change often prompted by the society, economy and environment, and policy-directed responses. The role of public transportation becomes increasingly important with the changes of demographic and economic patterns. The trend of better urban living for inhabitants has significantly increased the demand for efficient and sustainable public transportation in urban area. Although information sciences and technologies have provided many solutions to transportation sustainable development, the transportation network data modelling issue continues to be a challenge due to the complexity of urban systems. GIS appears as an appropriate technology for spatially and temporally referenced data. This thesis investigates how non-spatial, spatial and temporal data can be integrated within a data model of multi-scale and multi-modal GIS-T to formulate and evaluate transportation service and development. The model was developed based on a set and specific objectives, requirements and criteria. The set criteria are proposed taking into consideration the objectives to improve the development and accessibility of multiple transportation networks. A case study is undertaken within a selected transportation system in the city of Guangzhou, China. The prototype system implements appropriate multi-modal transportation applications and services in a GIS environment, which can be identified taking into account the needs of multiple transportation modes. The approach assists in the planning and development of a multi-modal transportation network, and thus optimizing usage of transportation GIS applications. Keywords: Geographical Information System for transportation (GIS-T), multi-modal transportation network, object-oriented data modelling 摘要 多模式交通是未来城市交通的重要形式，它要求每个运输模式平衡发展并发 挥其最好的服务性能以促进城市交通发展的可持续性。但是多模式城市交通网络 的运输效率不是由运输模式的数据决定，而是在于管理和维持高效的网络可达性 和模式间交互性和协调性，并且充分考虑到公共交通服务的质量。这就必须依靠 对可靠交通数据和信息的获取。地理信息系统（Geographical Information System, GIS）在城市交通信息系统的应用，包括数据获取、表达、共享、服务、分析和 融合，进一步发展和丰富城市交通 GIS 信息模型，最终为城市可持续发展服务。 因此，多模式城市交通网络地理数据的集成和表达已经成为交通地理信息系统 （GIS for transportation, GIS-T）研究领域中的一个重要课题。 论文提出了一种面向多尺度多模式的城市交通地理信息系统模型以支持不 同交通网络地理数据的集成化、模型化和空间数据管理，分析和表现。多模式城 市交通地理信息系统模型考虑到不同交通模式网络，包括城市道路，公共汽车线 路，地铁线路和步行设施，如人行天桥、地下通道和斑马线等。交通线网的多尺 度表达允许不同的交通地理信息系统应用和专门化信息服务的开发和实现。论文 研究从单一模式交通地理信息系统发展到面向多模式交通地理信息系统，并实现 交通网络信息的多尺度表达，即交通网络在多种抽象水平下表达以满足不同应用 需求，增强交通数据模型的通用性和实用性。在概念和逻辑层面上，论文应用面 向对象建模方法实现多模式城市交通网络数据建模，并基于 ESRI MapObjects 二 次开发组件开发原型系统。统一建模语言(Unified Modelling Language,UML)集成 I 和扩展面向可视化语言插件(plug-in for visual languages, PVL)将不同交通线网集 成于一个综合信息模型框架中,实现交通地理信息时空特征关系一致性描述和参 照。原型系统应用在广州市多模式交通系统中进行可靠性和实用性验证。 关键词：交通地理信息系统、多模式交通网络、面向对象建模 II CONTENTS Chapter 1........................................................................................................................
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