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A Technical Guide to Computer-Communications Interface Standards

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A Technical Guide to Computer-Communications Interface Standards \ co NBS \ J TECHNICAL NOTE 843 * Vau o* NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research, an Office of Meas- urement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Nuclear Sciences 2 — Applied Radiation 2 — Quantum Electronics * — Electromagnetics * — Time 3 and Frequency — Laboratory Astrophysics — Cryogenics *. THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute consists of a Center for Building Technology and the following divisions and offices: Engineering and Product Standards — Weights and Measures — Invention and Innova- tion — Product Evaluation Technology — Electronic Technology — Technical Analysis — Measurement Engineering — Structures, Materials, and Life Safety ' — Building Environment' — Technical Evaluation and Application* — Fire Technology. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Informa- tion Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Relations. •Headquarters and Laboratories at Galthersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. 1 Part of the Center for Radiation Research. * ' Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. Part of the Center for Building Technology. NOV 1 1974 i\jyh cul(L - S&r $6100 tf*753 A Technical Guide to Computer-Communications Interface Standards Albrecht J. Neumann, Brian G. Lucas, Justin C. Walker, and Dennis W. Fife Systems and Software Division Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 t.„- rea-UwAaaJD no-Te no. ^3 Sponsored by: Joint Technical Support Activity Defense Communications Agency Washington, D.C. 20305 f? ''I*** '"Vauo**" U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Frederick B. Dent, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Director Issued August 1974 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 74-600131 National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 843 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 843, 111 pages (Aug. 1974) CODEN: NBTNAE U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1974 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. 03.46:843). Price $1 .50 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are indebted to George Clark, Jack Little, and Ray Moore of the Computer Systems Engineering Division, NBS, who contributed their expertise as experienced participants in data communications standards to a constructive review of this report. Xll CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose* 1 1.2 Scope 1 1.3 Sources of Standards 2 1.4 Overview 3 1.5 References 3 2. DTE-DCE, Interfaces 4 2.1 DTE-Modem Interface 4 2.2 DTE-ACE Interface 11 2.3 Signal Quality at the Interface Between DTE and DCE . 15 2.4 Standard Signalling Rates 20 2.5 ItLlitary Subsystem Interface Standards 21 2.6 Conclusions 23 2.7 Standards 23 3. User Terminal Standards 26 3.1 International Standards for Character Codes 26 3.2 National Standards for Character Codes 26 3.3 Implementation of the 7-bit Code 26 3.4 Structure of the 7-bit Code 28 3.5 Subsets of the 7-bit Code 37 3.6 Code Extension and Expansion 37 3.7 Keyboards 47 3.8 References 59 4. Link Control Procedures 63 4.1 Links: Configuration and Control 63 4.2 Character-oriented Procedures 68 4.3 Bit-Oriented Procedures 83 4.4 References 94 5. Glossary of Terms 97 IV FIGURES Page 2-1 DTE-DCE Interface, Non-Military 6 2-2 Interchange Circuits [RS-232-C] 7 2-3 Control Circuit Actions [RS-232-C] 8 2-4 Standard Interface Types [RS-232-C] 12 2-5 Interface Types for Data Transmission Configuration [RS-232-C] 13 2-6 Standard Automatic Call Equipment Interfaces [RS-366] 14 2-7 Signal Quality Criteria, Synchronous DCE Interface [RS-334] 17 2-8 Start-Stop Signal Nomenclature 19 2-9 Typical Digital Communication Control Equipment Interfaces [MIL STD 188-347] 22 3-1 ASCII Code Table 30 3-2 Structure of the 7-bit Code Table 31 3-3 Standard Graphical Representation of Control Characters 36 3-4 8-bit Code Table 39 3-5 A Proposed Set of Extended Control Characters 40 3-6 Legal Characters in Escape Sequences 42 3-7 Keyboard Arrangement Nbtational System 49 3-8 Type I, Class 1 Standard Keyboard Arrangement 50 3-9 Type I, Class 2 Standard Keyboard Arrangement 51 3-10 Type II, Class 1 Standard Keyboard Arrangement 52 3-11 Three Row Communication Keyboard (Interim Standard) 53 3-12 Three Row Weather Keyboard (Interim Standard) 53 3-13 Logical Bit Pairing Keyboard Arrangement 55 3-14 Typewriter Pairing Keyboard Arrangement 56 3-15 Physical Arrangement of Numerical Keys 57 4-1 The Model Link 64 4-2 Two-way Alternate Terminal, Two-way Simultaneous Sublink(s) 65 4-3 Message Formats 71 4-4 Phases of Transmission 74 4-5 Link Level Message Format 82 4-6 Primary/Primary Link 84 4-7 Primary/ Secondary Link 84 4-8 ADCCP Frame 85 TABLES Page 3-1 Standards for character codes 27 3-2 Standards for representation of characters on physical media 28 3-3 Standards for representation of characters during data trans- mission 28 3-4 Standards for graphical representation of control characters 35 3-5 Standards that specify subsets of the 7-bit character code 37 3-6 Standards relating to code extension and expansion 39 3-7 Use of escape sequences 43 3-8 De facto conventions for two character private escape sequences 47 3-9 Code extension in a 7-bit code 48 3-10 Code extension in an 8-bit code 48 3-11 Control code assignments 58 4-1 Applicable standards 68 4-2 ASCII Communications control characters 71 4-3 Control procedure matrix 73 4-4 BSC communications control characters from the EBCDIC character set 80 4-5 Secondary state-variables and parameters 87 4-6 ADCCP Commands and Responses 90 4-7 Classes of Procedures 91 VI A TECHNICAL GUIDE TO COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE STANDARDS Albrecht J. Neumann, Brian G. Lucas, Justin C. Walker, Dennis W. Fife A technical summary and guide is given for existing and forthcoming Federal and national standards on data communications pertinent to computer networking. Selected international standards and industry practices are included for completeness. Prepared to assist the applica- tion of standards within the World Wide Military Command and Control System, this handbook should be useful to all ADP system designers interested in uniform
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