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Aspects of Phenolic Compounds in Pharmacological Activities of Solanum Family

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Aspects of Phenolic Compounds in Pharmacological Activities of Solanum Family Review Article Volume 9:2, 2020 Molecular Biology DOI: 10.37421/mbl.2020.09.235 ISSN: 2168-9547 Open Access Aspects of Phenolic Compounds in Pharmacological Activities of Solanum Family Neha Tyagi, Santosh Kumar Verma, Ajeet* Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Motherhood University, Roorkee, India Abstract Solanum family of plants is a large genus under the family of Solanaceae that includes up to 2,000 species, they specify from food crops, such as the potato and the tomato, to various ornamentals and medicinal species. Natural phenolic compounds mostly obtained from solanum species and play an important role in antimicrobial and antibacterial and other treatment. Phenolic compounds from solanaceae plants and dietary plants that contains grains, nut, seeds, legumes and fruits include various phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, curcuminoids, coumarins, lignans, quinines like (They divided phenolics in four groups analyzing individual compounds: hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic, and p-coumaric), flavonols (quercetine-3-rutinoside, quercetine-3-galactoside, quercetine-3-glucoside and quercetine- 3-rhamnoside), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin) and anthocyanins). I also reviewed several of plants they from solanum species exist the antimicrobial activity due to their phenolic compounds. Keywords: Solanaceae • Phenolic compounds • antibacterial • antimicrobial • Pharmacological activities. a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Mainly methanolic and acetone Introduction extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonae and Penicillium notatum. They Solanum is a large genus of flowering and fruiting plants, which include food exhibits that phenolic compounds showed antimicrobial activity [10,11]. crops of high economic importance, the potato, the tomato and the eggplant and others. It also contains the nightshades, and nettles, and numerous 3. Solanum trilobatum L: Solanum trilobatum L. is an important plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers, and fruit [1,2]. Currently, new medicinal plant in traditional Indian system from Solanaceae family researchers that they found the new pesticides by developing from plants [12]. The aqueous methanolic extract and benzene extracts were used of Solanaceae e.g. glycoalkaloids, terpenoids, alkaloids, organic acids and to isolate secondary metabolites form aerial parts, leaves and other alcohols, which effective for use in plant protection from pesticides (disturb the parts of Solanum trilobatum L. (Solanaceae) tested for antimicrobial level of biological organization) [3]. The accumulation and receiving of several activity by disc diffusion method due to presence of flavanols, UV-absorbing phenolic compounds that are phenylpropanoid derivatives to and phenolic compounds. Authors revealed from the results, that play a significant role in UV-B (ultraviolet B- Radiation) screening and less they found that extracts from whole plant that is leaf, flowers, stem, insect herbivory in plants [4,5]. Solanum genus of about 2,300 species of fruits and roots revealed antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) flowering plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) [6]. The active principle and Gram (-) bacteria. Most important constituents are tannins, being solanine and solamargine, which can cause convulsions and death if saponins, flavanoides, phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides and taken high in large doses, active principal include phenolic and flavonoids carbohydrates indicates S. trilobatum is one of the potentials medicinal contents (Chlorogenic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxy plant for therapeutic use in all traditional medicines and marketed -3-methoxy cinnamaldehyde, ferulic acid, neochlorogenic acid) compounds formulation. S. trilobatum, is found to be effective in suppressing drug- that they responsible for the antimicrobial activity [7]. induced toxicity in rats [13,14]. 1. Solanum aculeastrum: Methanol extracts of plant of S. aculeastrum 4. Solanum incanum: The ethanolic extract of fruit and flowers of Solanum inhibited the growth of both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative incanum were used for testing of minimum inhibitory concentration and bacteria. Solanum aculeastrum reported against E. coli, S. aureus, zone of inhibition against the bacteria that is gram positive and gram- P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. faecalis and B. Subtilis. The negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, genus Solanum is known to be rich in steroidal gly-coalkaloids and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratypi, Vibreo cholera. The sesquiterpenoids also phenolic compounds that have antibacterial plant exhibits various biologically active compounds which could serve and antimycotic properties. Fifty-two phenolic compounds isolated as potential source of vegetable drugs in herbal medicine, contain from Solanum are also Phenolic compounds having role of anti- alkaloids, tannins, steroids, saponins, as well as reducing sugars and bacterial [8,9]. phenolic compounds.14 Solanum incanum L. active against two Gram- negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive 2. Solanum tomentosum: Plant’s secondary metabolites show their bio (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria for developing activities and different modes of action of phenolic compounds. effective antimicrobial profile of the plant [15]. The leaves and root extracts in acetone, methanol and water from S. tomentosum showed antibacterial activity. Methanolic 5. S. villosum: Isolated protein, and other constituents from mature and acetone both extracts are active against the bacteria leaves and flowers of S. villosum exist the presence of amino that are both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria at acids, phenolic compounds and essential amino acids, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonae and Penicillium notatum. They exhibits *Address for Correspondence: Ajeet, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, that phenolic compounds showed antimicrobial activity [10,11]. Motherhood University, Roorkee, India, E-mail: [email protected] 6. Solanum trilobatum L: Solanum trilobatum L. is an important Copyright: © 2020 Neha T, et al. This is an open-access article distributed medicinal plant in traditional Indian system from Solanaceae family under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits [12]. The aqueous methanolic extract and benzene extracts were used unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the to isolate secondary metabolites form aerial parts, leaves and other original author and source are credited. parts of Solanum trilobatum L. (Solanaceae) tested for antimicrobial Received 11 March, 2020; Accepted 7 May, 2020; Published 14 May, 2020 activity by disc diffusion method due to presence of flavanols, Tyagi N, et al. Mol Biol, Volume 9:2, 2020 and phenolic compounds. Authors revealed from the results, that fruit of Solanum melongena is a high valued vegetable all over the world they found that extracts from whole plant that is leaf, flowers, stem, because of its taste and rich of Vitamin B2 [25]. fruits and roots revealed antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) 13. Solanum torvum Swartz.: The phenolic component of plant have and Gram (-) bacteria. Most important constituents are tannins, antimicrobial activity, they were screened for Gram-positive bacteria, saponins, flavanoides, phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides and six Gram-negative bacteria, seven other clinical isolates and fungi [26]. carbohydrates indicates S. trilobatum is one of the potentials medicinal The non-polar extract gives phenolic compounds of Solanum torvum, plant for therapeutic use in all traditional medicines and marketed the part from fruit showed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and formulation. S. trilobatum, is found to be effective in suppressing drug- the potential ability to exhibit the Anti-oxidant activities against human induced toxicity in rats [13,14]. and animal clinical isolates. It is also containing phenolic compounds 7. Solanum incanum: The ethanolic extract of fruit and flowers of Solanum [27,28]. incanum were used for testing of minimum inhibitory concentration and 14. Solanum villosum: Isolated protein from various extract identified zone of inhibition against the bacteria that is gram positive and gram- about 10% essential amino acids out of fifteen amino acids. Proteins negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, isolated from mature leaves and flowers of S. villosum have larvicidal Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratypi, Vibreo cholera. The activity and antimicrobial properties due to their phenolic compounds plant exhibits various biologically active compounds which could serve and others constituents [29]. as potential source of vegetable drugs in herbal medicine, contain alkaloids, tannins, steroids, saponins, as well as reducing sugars and 15. Solanum dulcamara L: Authors reported that this plant produced a phenolic compounds.14 Solanum incanum L. active against two Gram- high content of a specific alkaloid that is solanine (from unripe fruits), negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive solasodine (from flowers) and β-solamarine (from roots) and whole (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria for developing plants too. These alkaloids were extracted from various parts of S. effective antimicrobial profile of the plant [15]. dulcamara by well-established
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