Invasive Plant Inventory 21St Century Planting Design and Management
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Oriental Bittersweet Orientalcelastrus Bittersweet Orbiculatus Controlcontrol Guidelinesguidelines
Oriental bittersweet OrientalCelastrus bittersweet orbiculatus ControlControl GuidelinesGuidelines NH Department of Agriculture, Markets & Food, Division of Plant Industry, 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 (603) 271-3488 Common Name: Oriental Bittersweet Latin Name: Celastrus orbiculatus New Hampshire Invasive Species Status: Prohibited (Agr 3800) Native to: Japan, China, Korea Photos by: Douglas Cygan Description: Deciduous vine reaching heights of 40-60'. Bark: Tannish, furrowed. Leaves: Alternate, ovate, bluntly toothed, 3-4'' long by 2/3’s as wide, tapered at the base. Flowers: Small, greenish, blooming in spring. Fruit: Yellow dehiscent capsule surrounding an orange-red aril. Fruits occur in the axils of the stems whereas native bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) fruits at the ends. Zone: 4-8. Habitat: Disturbed edges, roadsides, fields, forests and along rivers and streams. Spread: Birds and humans. Comments: Very aggressive, climbs up and over trees and smothers them. Do not buy wreaths made of these vines. Controls: Difficult to manage. Cutting, pulling, or recommended herbicide use applied to foliage, bark, or cut-stump. General Considerations The introduction of Oriental bittersweet to non infested areas is generally associated with birds and small mammals feeding on the abundant fruits in the fall and excreting the seeds as they move from one area to another. Dispersal is also associated with human activities where earth moving activities occur or when the vines and fruits are collected in the fall for ornamental wreathes and decorations (which is prohibited) and then carelessly discarded. Seed viability and germination rate is relatively high at 90% in the spring of the subsequent growing season, but drops off significantly the following year. -
2020 Ecological Activities Report
Flint Hills Resources Pine Bend Bluffs Property 2020 Ecological Activities Report Unit DD1 Restored Prairie with huge native Field thistle, very popular with monarch butterFlies. March, 2021 Friends of the Mississippi River 101 East Fifth St, Suite 2000 St. Paul, MN 55101 Karen Schik, Sr. Ecologist 651-222-2193 x15 Friends of the Mississippi River 1 Table of Contents PROJECT SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 3 FOREST RESTORATION – ON-GOING ENHANCEMENT, 28 AC ................................................ 5 NEW PRAIRIE/SAVANNA RESTORATION, 7 AC ...................................................................... 8 Savanna Reconstruction Unit DD1a 4 ac ............................................................................... 8 Prairie Reconstruction Unit G1b, 3 ac ...................................................................................... 9 RESTORED PRAIRIE/SAVANNA – ON-GOING MANAGEMENT, 37 AC ....................................... 10 Prairie Reconstruction Unit G1a, 4 ac .................................................................................... 10 Restored Prairie Unit MP2, 3 ac ............................................................................................. 10 Restored Savanna, all SV units. 28 ac. ................................................................................. 11 NATIVE PRAIRIE – ON-GOING MANAGEMENT ...................................................................... 12 Invasive Weed and -
Solanum Alkaloids and Their Pharmaceutical Roles: a Review
Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research Solanum Alkaloids and their Pharmaceutical Roles: A Review Abstract Review Article The genus Solanum is treated to be one of the hypergenus among the flowering epithets. The genus is well represented in the tropical and warmer temperate Volume 3 Issue 6 - 2016 families and is comprised of about 1500 species with at least 5000 published Solanum species are endemic to the northeastern region. 1Department of Botany, India Many Solanum species are widely used in popular medicine or as vegetables. The 2Department of Botany, Trivandrum University College, India presenceregions. About of the 20 steroidal of these alkaloid solasodine, which is potentially an important starting material for the synthesis of steroid hormones, is characteristic of *Corresponding author: Murugan K, Plant Biochemistry the genus Solanum. Soladodine, and its glocosylated forms like solamargine, and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, solosonine and other compounds of potential therapeutic values. India, Email: Keywords: Solanum; Steroidal alkaloid; Solasodine; Hypergenus; Glocosylated; Trivandrum University College, Trivandrum 695 034, Kerala, Injuries; Infections Received: | Published: October 21, 2016 December 15, 2016 Abbreviations: TGA: Total Glycoalkaloid; SGA: Steroidal range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antirheumatics, Glycoalkaloid; SGT: Sergeant; HMG: Hydroxy Methylglutaryl; LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein; ACAT: Assistive Context Aware Further, these alkaloids are of paramount importance in drug Toolkit; HMDM: Human Monocyte Derived Macrophage; industriesanticonvulsants, as they anti-inflammatory, serve as precursors antioxidant or lead molecules and anticancer. for the synthesis of many of the steroidal drugs which have been used CE: Cholesterol Ester; CCl4: Carbon Tetrachloride; 6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; DPPH: Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl; FRAP: Fluorescence treatments. -
A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae. -
Bittersweet Nightshade Solanum Dulcamara
Bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara Description All parts of the plant are toxic, containing the chemical Solanine. This plant was likely intentionally introduced to the United States from Europe as an ornamental or for medicinal reasons. Became widespread by the late 1800s. Habit Trailing or climbing perennial woody vine, grows up to 10 ft in length. Leaves Simple, alternate, 2-4 in in length, broadly ovate often with basal lobes, dark green above and lighter below in color, hairless with entire margins, unpleasant odor when bruised or crushed. Stems Source: MISIN. 2021. Midwest Invasive Species Information Network. Michigan State University - Applied Spatial Ecology and Technical Services Laboratory. Available online at https://www.misin.msu.edu/facts/detail.php?id=167. Stiff stems are erect to clambering; purple above and greenish below; hollow pith and single bundle scar; unpleasant odor when bruised or crushed. Flowers Develop during the summer as hanging clusters of bright purple petals (occasionally white) with yellow anthers. Fruits and Seeds Hanging clusters of bright red berries ripen in autumn and are oval, 3/8-1/2 in long and contain numerous seeds. Habitat Native to Eurasia. Grows well in moist disturbed sites, thickets, roadsides, fence rows, woods, cliffs, marshes, and pond and river banks. Reproduction By seed and fruits. Similar Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) but is an annual with an upright growth habit, and has wavy leaf margins and black berries. Monitoring and Rapid Response Use gloves and/or protective gear when handling plant; Small infestations can be manually pulled, dug Source: MISIN. 2021. Midwest Invasive Species Information Network. -
Solanum Dulcamara's Response to Eggs of an Insect Herbivore
Plant, Cell and Environment (2017) 40,2663–2677 doi: 10.1111/pce.13015 Original Article Solanum dulcamara’s response to eggs of an insect herbivore comprises ovicidal hydrogen peroxide production Daniel Geuss , Sandra Stelzer, Tobias Lortzing & Anke Steppuhn Molecular Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Strasse 9, 12163 Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT (Beyaert et al. 2012; Pashalidou et al. 2012; Bandoly et al. 2015; Bandoly et al. 2016; Austel et al.2016).Overall,plants Plants can respond to insect oviposition, but little is known likely evolved to perceive and respond to the oviposition of her- about which responses directly target the insect eggs and how. bivorous insects to prevent feeding damage by the larvae hatch- Here, we reveal a mechanism by which the bittersweet night- ing from these eggs (Hilker & Meiners 2006). However, our shade Solanum dulcamara kills the eggs of a generalist noctuid knowledge about the nature of most plant responses to insect herbivore. The plant responded at the site of oviposition by oviposition that directly affects the insect eggs as well as the Spodoptera exigua with formation of neoplasms and chlorotic mechanisms by which plants can kill insect eggs is still restricted. tissue, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and induction One of the best characterized plant responses that directly of defence genes and proteins. Transcriptome analysis revealed reduce egg survival is the release of ovicidal benzyl benzoate that these responses were reflected in the transcriptional into watery lesions at the oviposition sites of the planthopper reprogramming of the egg-laden leaf. The plant-mediated egg Sogatella furcifera on rice plants (Seino et al. -
Mislabeling of an Invasive Vine (Celastrus Orbiculatus) As a Native Congener (C
Mislabeling of an Invasive Vine (Celastrus orbiculatus) as a Native Congener (C. scandens) in Horticulture Author(s): David N. Zaya, Stacey A. Leicht-Young, Noel B. Pavlovic, Christopher S. Hetrea and Mary V. Ashley Source: Invasive Plant Science and Management, 10(4):313-321. Published By: Weed Science Society of America URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1017/inp.2017.37 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Invasive Plant Science and Management 2017 10:313–321 © Weed Science Society of America, 2017 Mislabeling of an Invasive Vine (Celastrus orbiculatus)asa Native Congener (C. scandens) in Horticulture David N. Zaya, Stacey A. Leicht-Young, Noel B. Pavlovic, Christopher S. Hetrea, and Mary V. Ashley* The horticultural industry is an important source of invasive ornamental plant species, which is part of the motiva- tion for an increased emphasis on using native alternatives. -
Deadly Nightshade (Solanum Dulcamara)
Weed Identification and Control Sheet: www.goodoak.com/weeds Deadly Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) DESCRIPTION: Deadly nightshade is a weedy member of the Tomato/Potato family originally from Europe and northern Africa. It inhabits disturbed areas such as gardens, field edges, fencelines and shorelines in both shade and sun. It can inhabit dry and wet sites, but is most aggressive in moist soils. This semi-woody and somewhat viney plant has young leaves which are heart or water-drop shaped, but as they mature they develop into three asymetrical lobes. The most distinctive features of this plant are the purple flowers with reflexed pedals and a yellow cone at the center which blooms from late-May toAugust. The abun- dant fruit clusters are also distinctive. Initially they are green but mature to a bright red color and persist on the plant into winter. This species will spread and dominate in disturbed conditions, and though it is not particularly competitive against native perennials, it can be invasive in wetland areas. The real threat of this plant is in the toxic nature of its vegetation. The leaves are particularly poisonous and known to be deadly to animals who ingest them. Though the bright red berries are less poisonous, they tend to attract the attention of children and pets and can cause severe illness if consumed. For this reason we recommend removing this non-native plant wherever it is found. CONTROL METHODS: The best time to control this plant is in early summer when its distinc- tive flowers make it easy to spot before the plants develop seeds. -
American and Oriental Bittersweet Identification
American and Oriental Bittersweet Identification nvasive species are one of the greatest threats to native ecosystems. They I can crowd out native species and change the natural nutrient cycling processes that take place in ecosystems. Oriental bittersweet One of the best ways to combat invasive which plants to target for control. Using female plants have this character available species is by identifying small infestations fruit and leaf characters, the two species can for identification. In terms of flowers, only and removing them. be discriminated from each other. mature male and female plants have these However, certain traits are more reliable for present, and only for a brief time of the year One invader threatening midwestern correct identification than others. during the spring. ecosystems is oriental bittersweet Classically, the position of the fruit and (Celastrus orbiculatus). This woody vine Vegetative traits apply to plants regardless flowers on the stems has been cited as the was introduced to the eastern United States of their sex or maturity. The most most definitive means of discriminating in the mid-1800s. It has spread from the definitive vegetative trait is the posture of between the species. east to the south and west and is now the leaves at leaf out of the first buds in the moving into midwestern natural areas. Oriental bittersweet has fruit and flowers spring. The leaves of oriental bittersweet Oriental bittersweet can be found in a located in the leaf axils along the length of are conduplicate (two sides of the leaf variety of habitats, from roadsides to the stem. American bittersweet, however, folded against each other) and tightly interior forests and sand dunes. -
1 ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Celastrus Orbiculata
ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Celastrus orbiculata Asiatic Bittersweet To the User: Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESAs) are prepared to provide The Nature Conservancy's Stewardship staff and other land managers with current management-related information on those species and communities that are most important to protect, or most important to control. The abstracts organize and summarize data from numerous sources including literature and researchers and managers actively working with the species or community. We hope, by providing this abstract free of charge, to encourage users to contribute their information to the abstract. This sharing of information will benefit all land managers by ensuring the availability of an abstract that contains up-to-date information on management techniques and knowledgeable contacts. Contributors of information will be acknowledged within the abstract and receive updated editions. To contribute information, contact the editor whose address is listed at the end of the document. For ease of update and retrievability, the abstracts are stored on computer at the national office of The Nature Conservancy. This abstract is a compilation of available information and is not an endorsement of particular practices or products. Please do not remove this cover statement from the attached abstract. Authors of this Abstract: Glenn D. Dreyer © THE NATURE CONSERVANCY 1815 North Lynn Street, Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 841 5300 1 The Nature Conservancy Element Stewardship Abstract For Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (C. articulatus) I. IDENTIFIERS Common Name: asiatic bittersweet, oriental bittersweet General Description: Celastrus orbiculatus is a deciduous woody vine which climbs by means of twining about a support. The branches are round, glabrous, light to darker brown, usually with noticeable lenticels. -
Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Census of the Celastrales: a Synthetic Review Shisode S.B.1 and D.A
Curr. Bot. 2(4): 36-43, 2011 REVIEW ARTICLE Taxonomic and phylogenetic census of the Celastrales: A synthetic review Shisode S.B.1 and D.A. Patil2 1 Department of Botany L. V. H. College, Panchavati, Nashik–422003 (M.S.) India 2 Post-Graduate Department of Botany S.S.V.P. Sanstha’s L.K.Dr.P.R.Ghogrey Science College, Dhule – 424 005, India K EYWORDS A BSTRACT Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Celastrales A comprehensive assessment of the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of the celeastralean plexus is presented. An attempt has been made to review synthetically C ORRESPONDENCE based on the data from different disciplines divulged by earlier authors and from present author’s study on the alliance. The taxonomic literature indicated that the D.A. Patil, Post-Graduate Department of Botany Celeastrales (sensu lato) are a loose-knit assemblage. The tribal, subfamilial, familial S.S.V.P. Sanstha’s L.K.Dr.P.R.Ghogrey Science and even ordinal boundaries are uncertain and even criss-cross each other. It College , Dhule – 424 005, India appeared that the alliance can be grouped under two taxonomic entities viz., the Celastrales and the Rhamnales which appear evolved convergently. E-mail: [email protected] E DITOR Datta Dhale CB Volume 2, Year 2011, Pages 36-43 Introduction Hipporcrateaceae are accorded an independent familial status. The order Celastrales (sensu lato) is a loose - knit The family Rhamnaceae is included under the Rhamnales assemblage. The taxonomic history clearly reflected that this alongwith the Vitaceae only. In the latest Engler's syllabus, alliance is not restricted to any taxonomic entity. -
Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus Orbiculatus) Restricted DESCRIPTION
Weed Identification and Control Sheet: www.goodoak.com/weeds WI NR-40: Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) Restricted DESCRIPTION: Oriental bittersweet is one of the most alarming “up and coming” invasive species in our region. This fast growing woody vein climbs over, twines around and smothers ground layer vegetation and can climb into the forest canopy strangling and eventually toppling large trees. This species is still being sold as an ornamental plant, though agencies are working to ban or discourage its sale in our area. Distribution in the Midwest is currently spotty and scattered; it is just as likely to be found in your backyard as it is to be found in a wild woodland. It is most common in heavily shaded sites but can grow in full sun as well. Though it is not yet ubiquitous like more well known invasive species such as buckthorn and garlic mustard, where it is found has shown itself to be equally, if not more aggressive than other invasive species. Oriental bittersweet is a woody vine with dark green, glossy, oval- shaped leaves. Red berries, with 3-lobed, hard orange outer casings which fling open when ripe, are dispersed along the stem, and are present on the plant in fall and winter. This vein climbs by twining the main stem around vegetation and objects rather than by tendrils or clinging roots. American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) is similar in many ways to oriental bittersweet, aside from a few key factors. American bittersweet has its red and orange berries in clusters at the tip of stems, though male plants of both species do not have berries.