Dinosaur Paleobiology

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Dinosaur Paleobiology Geology 331 Paleontology Dinosaurs are popular with the public Jack Horner, Montana State Univ. Field Work in Montana A dinosaur “drumstick” in its field jacket. Velociraptor was a very active predator Utahraptor waiting to ambush Velociraptors hunted in packs Abundant vascular canals in dinosaur bone support the warm- blooded theory Thin section of dinosaur bone www.bio.fsu.edu/erickson/histological_analysis.php Heart Structure 2 Chambers: 3 Chambers: 4 Chambers: Fish Lizard Birds & Mammals Fossilized heart in an ornithopod. CAT scan shows it has 4 chambers. RV LV Evidence for Dinosaur Endothermy • Erect and bipedal posture • Bone histology – abundant vascular canals • Head above the heart required high blood pressure and, thus, a four-chambered heart: 2 ventricles and 2 atriums. • Fossilized four-chambered heart? • Birds are descendants of theropods • High latitude occurrences – how did they survive months of darkness? • Predator:prey biomass ratio of 1:20 from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta similar to modern endotherms. Modern ectotherms are 1:3. Dinosaur classification Hip Bones: The Primary Homology Difference Between the Two Major Dinosaur Groups Saurischian Ornithischian Saurischian hip structure (theropod) Ischium Pubis Saurischian hip structure (sauropod) Ischium Pubis Ornithiscian hip structure (stegosaur) Ischium Pubis Excavating bones at Dinosaur National Monument in Utah A dinosaur mummy from Mongolia Coelophysis, a late Triassic bipedal ancestor Tyrannosaurus rex, the Cretaceous theropod everyone loves to fear Modern view of a T.rex Peter Larson with Sue Hendrickson, founder of the T. rex named “Sue” I found it first! Sue on display in Chicago T. rex, Stan Black Hills Institute Tyrannosaurs, Carnegie Museum, 2009 Mechanical model of T. rex shatters a large bone Peter Larson with a Nanotyrannosaurus skull at his lab at the Black Hills Institute, SD More scenes at the Black Hills Institute, SD Compsognathus, a chicken-sized theropod. It’s skeleton is similar to Archaeopteryx. The “compies” of Jurassic Park. Archaeopteryx, the first bird. Its skeleton is nearly identical to Compsognathus. A feathered(?) Velociraptor Apatosaurus or Brontosaurus, the classic sauropod Apatosaurus out for a stroll A modern view of sauropods Sauropod trackways showing no evidence of tail dragging. Diplodocus - a gracile sauropod Sauropods, Carnegie Museum, 2008 Sauropods, Carnegie Museum, 2008 Sauropods, Carnegie Museum, 2008 Sauropods, Carnegie Museum, 2008 Sauropods, Carnegie Museum, 2008 Looks like your diet is working! Sauropods eating a coniferous forest The massive digestive system of a sauropod, note the large gizzard Inside of sauropod gizzard, note the gastroliths for grinding food Sauropod gastroliths Sauropods protecting their young, South America Theropod tracks in Utah Iguanodon, an ornithopod A Cretaceous ornithopod Crested hadrosaur or “duck-bill” Duck-billed hadrosaur Hadrosaur barbershop wall chart Skull of a pachycephalosaur Head butting by pachycephalosaurs Stegosaurus Stegosaurus Ankylosaurus Protoceratops from Mongolia Triceratops at the Smithsonian Institution .

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3H?;LNBCHANB?1?=L?NMI@ #>O=;NIL%OC>? 1?=IH>#>CNCIH @C?F>GOM?OGILA13# 'HMC>? ;=EALIOH>'H@ILG;NCIH *?MMIHM@IL%L;>?M] >>CNCIH;F0?MIOL=?M 'HNLI>O=NCIH Unearthing the Secrets of SUE No dinosaur in the world compares to SUE—the largest, most complete, and best preserved Tyrannosaurus rex ever discovered. In May 2000, the unveiling of her 67-million-year-old skeleton at The Field Museum made global headlines. Since then, more than 16 million visitors have marveled over Chicago’s prehistoric giant. Using the story of SUE to captivate students’ imagination, the Unearthing the Secrets of SUE Educator Guide takes pre-k through eighth-grade students on an interactive exploration of SUE at The Field Museum and the scientiﬁc insights she’s providing about the world in which she lived. The lessons in this guide will engage students in the science of SUE by: • providing students unique access to SUE, the largest, most complete, and best preserved TYRANNOSAURUS REX ever discovered; • providing students with hands-on activities that enable them to investigate by making observations, developing hypotheses, questioning assumptions, testing ideas, and coming to conclusions; • introducing students to careers in science by highlighting the wide professional expertise involved in the SUE project; and • introducing students to the countless resources available to them through The Field Museum including ﬁeld trips, and online research and interactive learning opportunities. How to Use this Guide • Detailed Background Information is provided to support educators in sharing the story of SUE with students. Use this information to prepare yourself and your students for learning about SUE.
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Ancient Ship Discovered!
Informational Text by Susan Evento PAIRED READ Ancient Ship Discovered! FC_BC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 2 3/12/12 5:53 PM Program: CR14 Component: LR PDF Vendor: SRM Grade: 2 STRATEGIES & SKILLS Comprehension Vocabulary Strategy: Summarize exploration, important, Skill: Main Idea and machines, prepare, Key Details repair, result, scientific, teamwork Phonics Consonant + le (el, al) ELL Vocabulary syllables discovery, research Vocabulary Strategy Content Standards Greek and Latin Roots Science Science as Inquiry Word count: 725** Photography Credit: Cover Image Sources/(bkgd) Datacraft Co Ltd/imagenavi/Getty Images, (inset) Sue Ogrocki/Reuters/CORBIS **The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Send all inquiries to: McGraw-Hill Education Two Penn Plaza New York, New York 10121 ISBN: 978-0-02-118960-1 MHID: 0-02-118960-9 Printed in the United States. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DOC 17 16 15 14 13 12 A IFBC_CR14_LR_G2_U6W3_L20_ELL_118960.indd 2 2/14/12 3:18 PM Program: CR14 Component: LR PDF Vendor: SRM Grade: 2 Genre Informational Text Essential Question Why is teamwork important? by Susan Evento Chapter 1 The Mighty T. Rex.
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A Census of Dinosaur Fossils Recovered from the Hell Creek and Lance Formations (Maastrichtian)
The Journal of Paleontological Sciences: JPS.C.2019.01 1 TAKING COUNT: A Census of Dinosaur Fossils Recovered From the Hell Creek and Lance Formations (Maastrichtian). ______________________________________________________________________________________ Walter W. Stein- President, PaleoAdventures 1432 Mill St.. Belle Fourche, SD 57717. [email protected] 605-210-1275 ABSTRACT: A census of Hell Creek and Lance Formation dinosaur remains was conducted from April, 2017 through February of 2018. Online databases were reviewed and curators and collections managers interviewed in an effort to determine how much material had been collected over the past 130+ years of exploration. The results of this new census has led to numerous observations regarding the quantity, quality, and locations of the total collection, as well as ancillary data on the faunal diversity and density of Late Cretaceous dinosaur populations. By reviewing the available data, it was also possible to make general observations regarding the current state of certain exploration programs, the nature of collection bias present in those collections and the availability of today's online databases. A total of 653 distinct, associated and/or articulated remains (skulls and partial skeletons) were located. Ceratopsid skulls and partial skeletons (mostly identified as Triceratops) were the most numerous, tallying over 335+ specimens. Hadrosaurids (Edmontosaurus) were second with at least 149 associated and/or articulated remains. Tyrannosaurids (Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus) were third with a total of 71 associated and/or articulated specimens currently known to exist. Basal ornithopods (Thescelosaurus) were also well represented by at least 42 known associated and/or articulated remains. The remaining associated and/or articulated specimens, included pachycephalosaurids (18), ankylosaurids (6) nodosaurids (6), ornithomimids (13), oviraptorosaurids (9), dromaeosaurids (1) and troodontids (1).
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Celebrating Senior Living Birthdays Management Team Living The
Birthdays Lions and Tigers and Bears! Oh, My! The MGM Technicolor classicThe Wizard of Oz was originally released on August 25, 1939. Here’s some unusual August 05 ..........................................................................Joan Morgan facts about this monumental film and its all-star cast. Dorothy: Due to the fact that white does not film well Celebrating August 19 ..............................................................RoseMary Bogdan in Technicolor, Garland’s oh-so-recognizable blue-and-white gingham dress was, in fact, pale pink and white. She wore a Senior Living corset to help her maintain her childlike physique throughout August 25 ...................................................................Connie Hallinan the duration of the film. Toto: Terry, a Cairn Terrier, was cast to play Garland’s August 30 ......................................................................GiGi Bouyssou companion, Toto. For playing the role of Dorothy’s faithful The HarborChase Wire: A Monthly Publication of HarborChase Vero Beach AL August 2017 companion, the dog earned $125 per week. Terry made appearances in more than 12 films. August 31 .................................................................Lois WoodHouse Living the Dream The Tin Man: Haley’s costume was excessively stiff – so Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., took Washington, D.C., by much, in fact, that he had to lean against something if he Management Team storm when he delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech on August 28, wished to rest. Haley mentioned on multiple occasions that 1963. He had organized a march on Washington intending to show America creating the film was not very enjoyable. Michelle Woodstock that ending racial problems was of the utmost importance. From the steps Wicked Witch of the West: Hamilton endured of the Lincoln Memorial, King spoke in front of more than 250,000 people severe burns while filming the movie following Associate Executive Director who were eager to hear his dreams of peace and change.
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Winter 2007 Gems & Gemology
G EMS & G VOLUME XLIII WINTER 2007 EMOLOGY CVD Synthetic Diamonds Canary Tourmaline W Fluorescence Spectroscopy INTER Napoleon Necklace 2007 P AGES 291–408 V OLUME 43 N O. 4 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA ® Winter 2007 VOLUME 43, NO. 4 291 LETTERS ________ FEATURE ARTICLES _____________ 294 Latest-Generation CVD-Grown Synthetic Diamonds from Apollo Diamond Inc. Wuyi Wang, Matthew S. Hall, Kyaw Soe Moe, Joshua Tower, and Thomas M. Moses Presents the gemological and spectroscopic properties of Apollo’s latest products, which show significant improvements in size, color, and clarity. 314 Yellow Mn-rich Tourmaline from the Canary Mining Area, Zambia pg. 295 Carat Points Brendan M. Laurs, William B. Simmons, George R. Rossman, Eric A. Fritz, John I. Koivula, Björn Anckar, and Alexander U. Falster Explores the vivid “canary” yellow elbaite from the Lundazi District of eastern Zambia, the most important source of this tourmaline. 332 Fluorescence Spectra of Colored Diamonds Using a Rapid, Mobile Spectrometer Sally Eaton-Magaña, Jeffrey E. Post, Peter J. Heaney, Roy A. Walters, Christopher M. Breeding, and James E. Butler Reports on the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize colored diamonds from the Aurora Butterfly and other collections. NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES ________ 352 An Examination of the Napoleon Diamond Necklace Eloïse Gaillou and Jeffrey E. Post pg. 329 Provides a history and gemological characterization of this historic necklace. REGULAR FEATURES _____________________ 358 Lab Notes Apatite in spessartine • Atypical photoluminescence feature in a type IIa diamond • Diamond with “holiday” inclusions • Diamond with large etch channels containing iron sulfides • Black diamond with an oriented etch channel • The pareidolia of diamonds • Notable emerald carving • Gold coated onyx • Double-star sapphire • Imitation turquoise 366 Gem News International Record auction prices for diamonds • Namibian diamond mining pg.
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Tyrannosaurus Sue a Letter from Bruce Adolphe
Tyrannosaurus Sue A letter from Bruce Adolphe Humans, like you, have the amazing ability to think about the past. Not only can we think about what we had for dinner last night or recall a concert or sports event from last year, we can even think about things that happened before we were born — or before anyone was born. Like thinking about dinosaurs. Because paleontologists (scientists who study fossils and remains from millions of years ago) can uncover the past for us, we can look at dinosaur bones and think about what life was like 67 million years ago. That’s way before smart phones. It’s even before umbrellas. In fact, it is before people existed! In the year 2000, the most complete set of dinosaur bones ever discovered was put on display at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. The bones belonged to a Tyrannosaurus rex that weighed about seven tons (when alive), and it had 60 teeth, some as long as 12 inches. Because the T. rex was discovered by a paleontologist named Sue Hendrickson, we call the dinosaur Sue. Its official name is FMNH PR 2081. “Sue” is catchier, I think you will agree. When “Sue” was put on display for the first time, the Chicago Chamber Musicians were invited to play a concert in the museum to celebrate the day, and they asked me to compose them a piece about the dinosaur. That’s why we have the piece Tyrannosaurus Sue. If you were writing a piece of music about a Tyrannosaurus rex, which one of these instruments would you choose to portray the huge dinosaur: flute; trombone; violin; cello; clarinet.
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2006 Flag Report on 11 Expeditions
In 2005, Wings WorldQuest launched the Wings Expedition Flag Program to bring visibility and support to women leading expeditions of discovery. The Flag promotes the organization’s dedication to advancing exploration in science and art for educational purposes. The 2005 Flag Report, documenting six expeditions, was distributed to hundreds of young people across the country. We are delighted to bring you the 2006 Flag Report on 11 expeditions. A dozen more are currently in the field. The expeditions in the 2006 Flag Report cover the depths of the ocean, the grasslands of India, the Gobi desert, caves in Honduras and the Bahamas, jungles of Central America and the glaciers of the American Northwest. The explorers shed new light on mysteries of ancient humans as well as mysteries about Mars. They discovered new species, worked to save imperiled species, and extended their reach across cultural divides. What unites them is their passion for learning, their commitment to sharing their dis- coveries and their dedication to the preservation of the fragile zones they are exploring. • Kate Harris bicycled 4000 km as she traced Marco Polo’s travels along the ancient Silk Road. • Genie Clark recorded discoveries about coral reef fish in the Solomon Islands. • Sue Hendrickson searched for dinosaur fossils in Wyoming and explored caves in Honduras to find new species of geckos. • Stephanie Schwabe dived into forbidding caves in the Bahamas to examine the role that microbes play in the earth’s chemistry. • Gitanjali Banerjee investigated the endangered greater one-horned rhino in Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, India. • Edith Widder, using her remarkable infrared camera invention Eye in the Sea, found new species on the ocean floor.
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The Ligamental Scar in the Costovertebral Articulation of the Tyrannosaurid Dinosaurs
The ligamental scar in the costovertebral articulation of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurs TATSUYA HIRASAWA Hirasawa, T. 2009. The ligamental scar in the costovertebral articulation of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Acta Palaeonto− logica Polonica 54 (1): 49–59. The costovertebral articulation is integral to constrain the thoracic kinematics and to infer the breathing mechanism in the respect with costal aspiration. However, the structure of the costovertebral articulation in non−avian theropods has not been studied in great detail before. This study highlights the Tyrannosauridae, which is represented by numerous com− plete specimens. Costovertebral articulations of ten tyrannosaurid specimens, including two nearly in−situ articulated fos− sils, were investigated and compared with those in extant Archosauria. For extant archosaurs, dissections were conducted to rationalize the soft tissue anatomy in tyrannosaurids. This study shows that the rib articulates ventrally or postero− ventrally with the distal end of the corresponding vertebral transverse process in the tyrannosaurid ribcage. A ligament (ligamentum costotransversarium) can be reconstructed to connect the rib tuberculum to the transverse process in each ar− ticulation. The scar for lig. costotransversarium is recognizable in many theropod skeletons, and this rugosity can be used to identify the rotational axis for the rib. This result provides a cornerstone for exploring the evolution of the ribcage and breathing mechanisms across the theropod lineage leading to birds. Key words: Dinosauria, Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae, ribcage, vertebra, rib, soft tissue anatomy. Tatsuya Hirasawa [[email protected]−tokyo.ac.jp], Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7−3−1 Hongo, Bunkyo−ku, Tokyo, 113−0033, Japan.
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Freshmen Pick Reps in First Election Guys and Dolls Ready to Show Its
Guys and Dolls ready to show its cards; musical to premiere on Thursday Ben Kim City during the 1950s and tells the story of himself a lot and lives his life on his own.” Core Staff two gamblers and their female counterparts. Nerinx Hall junior Julia Sinks, who plays t. Louis U. High’s Dauphin Players The play focuses on these characters as Adelaide, feels her character’s frustration Swill put on their third production of they struggle to find true love. According to towards Detroit grow throughout the play the year, Guys and Dolls, under the direc- Schulte, the play shows “there is a lot about even though she’s “very much in love.” tion of fine arts teacher Joseph Schulte life as a gamble.” “She just really wants to get married, next weekend. According to Schulte, this Senior Jack Leahy plays Nathan Detroit, and she is fed up at this point,” said Sinks. is SLUH’s fourth production of the musi- the organizer of the city’s infamous illegal “But the one challenge about playing her is cal since 1967. craps game. He has also managed to remain she is kind of a Betty Boop character. She is “I chose this play because number one: engaged to Miss Adelaide, a singer at the lo- a little bit out there, flirty and ditzy, and I’m it is a show I like. Number two: it’s a show cal Hot Box nightclub, for 14 years despite a little bit more reserved in that sense.” I feel we have the wherewithal to do, and her efforts to tie the knot.
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The Story of Sue the T-Rex and Controversy Over Access to Fossils
HPLS (2020) 42:2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-019-0288-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Assumptions of authority: the story of Sue the T‑rex and controversy over access to fossils Elizabeth D. Jones1,2 Received: 26 October 2018 / Accepted: 11 October 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Although the buying, selling, and trading of fossils has been a princi- ple part of paleontological practice over the centuries, the commercial collection of fossils today has re-emerged into a pervasive and lucrative industry. In the United States, the number of commercial companies driving the legal, and sometimes ille- gal, selling of fossils is estimated to have doubled since the 1980s, and worries from academic paleontologists over this issue has increased accordingly. Indeed, some view the commercialization of fossils as one of the greatest threats to paleontology today. In this article, I address the story of “Sue”—the largest, most complete, and most expensive Tyrannosaurus rex ever excavated—whose discovery incited a series of high-profle legal battles throughout the 1990s over the question of “Who owns Sue?” Over the course of a decade, various stakeholders from academic paleontolo- gists and fossil dealers to Native Americans, private citizens, and government of- cials all laid claim to Sue. In exploring this case, I argue that assumptions of author- ity are responsible for initiating and sustaining debates over fossil access. Here, assumptions of authority are understood as assumptions of ownership, or expertise, or in some cases both. Viewing the story from this perspective illuminates the sig- nifcance of fossils as boundary objects. It also highlights the process of boundary- work by which individuals and groups constructed or deconstructed borders around Sue (specifcally) and fossil access (more generally) to establish their own authority.
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Politics and Justice
NEWMOONGIRLS.COMIssueIssueIssue Themes Themes ThemesPolitics for for for July/August andSeptember/October January/FDecemry Justice 2012 2012 2012FALL 2020 ™ Listening to Girls since 1992 Fall 2020 Volume XXVIII, Issue1 Politics and Justice Our Awesome Volunteers! freedom to be themselves Moderators: Maggie Brissenden, Quincy Gordon, Amelia Kearney. Cailyn Krygier, Jeannine McGuire,Kira Nikolaides, Lila Stoddard, Denise Tanton, Liz Vitale, Moderator Coordinators: Mikel Gordon and Laura Marks Proofreading: Maggie Brissenden, Nia Kelly We are the original girl-created media. Girl editors, Professional Consulting: Liz Vitale writers, artists and creators from around the world Sister to Sister: Coordinator Julia McDaniel. Mentors: direct our content. They work with adults using our Emily, Chebli, Alex McGuire, Gretchen Purvis, Maeve groundbreaking Share the Power method. Southard-Wray, Kinneret Weiss, Leela Scott, Valentina Rider, Avery Walker New Moon Girls provides innovative, safe, respectful, and ad-free spaces online and in the You can volunteer at NewMoonGirls.com/volunteer magazine where girls develop their full potential through compassion, creativity, and community. NMG is for every girl who wants her voice heard Thanks and acknowledgment is given to the following publishers and copyright owners for permission to reprint selections from their and her dreams taken seriously in the world. publications and work: Shutterstock, Library of Congress, Smithsonian Institution, Field Museum of Chicago, NASA, The White House, Southern Poverty Law Center, Oklahoma Historical Society, WikiMedia, King County Sexual Assault Resource Center, UNICEF, StepUp, Save the Children, and all NMG families. Extra special thanks and acknowledgement to Jamie Stoia and Mike Kosim. Care is taken to trace ownership and secure permission for each selection.
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'Sue': Using a Disputed Dinosaur to Teach Contract Defenses
Saint Louis University School of Law Scholarship Commons All Faculty Scholarship 2004 A Tyrannosaurus-Rex Aptly Named 'Sue': Using a Disputed Dinosaur to Teach Contract Defenses Miriam A. Cherry Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/faculty Part of the Contracts Commons, and the Legal Education Commons A Tyrannosaurus-Rex Aptly Named “Sue”: Using a Disputed Dinosaur to Teach Contract Defenses Miriam A. Cherry I. INTRODUCTION II. TEACHING CONTRACT DEFENSES: REWARDS AND CHALLENGES III. TEACHING MODULE: APPLICATION OF CONTRACT DEFENSES A. UNILATERAL MISTAKE B. UNCONSCIONABILITY C. FRAUD, MISREPRESENTATION, AND CONDITIONS D. ECONOMIC DURESS E. UNDUE INFLUENCE F. ABILITY TO SELL IV. IMPLICATIONS: LAW TEACHING BEYOND THE SOCRATIC METHOD A Tyrannosaurus-Rex Aptly Named “Sue”: Using a Disputed Dinosaur to Teach Contract Defenses Miriam A. Cherry* I. INTRODUCTION In August 1990, commercial fossil hunters from the Black Hills Geologic Institute (“Black Hills”) discovered the remains of an almost-complete Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton located in the badlands of South Dakota.1 Named “Sue” after her discoverer,2 the fossil immediately became the subject of controversy. Although many of the facts were disputed, the collectors gave the purported owner of the land, a Native American rancher named Maurice Williams, a check for $5,000, which he cashed, and the collectors excavated Sue.3 The fair market value of a T-Rex skeleton with that degree of completeness was over eight million dollars.4 Once the discovery began to garner publicity, Williams began a fierce court battle to rescind the contract with Black Hills, claiming that the $5,000 was merely a payment * Assistant Professor of Law, Cumberland School of Law, Samford University; B.A., 1996, Dartmouth College; J.D., 1999, Harvard Law School.
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