Australian Wine Discovered
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
CHARDONNAY AUSTRALIAN WINE DISCOVERED Australia’s unique climate and landscape have fostered a fiercely independent wine scene, home to a vibrant community of growers, winemakers, viticulturists, and vignerons. With more than 100 grape varieties grown across 65 distinct wine regions, we have the freedom to make exceptional wine, and to do it our own way. We’re not beholden by tradition, but continue to push the boundaries in the pursuit of the most diverse, thrilling wines in the world. That’s just our way. AUSTRALIAN CHARDONNAY: T H E EVOLUTION Australian Chardonnay has enjoyed the industry’s highs OF A CLASSIC and weathered its lows with resilience, and it continues to hold a special place for Australian wine lovers. Its Australian journey is a roller‑coaster ride of dramatic proportions. TO DAY - The history of WE’LL Australian Chardonnay - How it’s grown - How it’s made - The different styles - Where it’s grown - Characteristics and flavour profiles COVER… - Chardonnay by numbers THE HISTORY 1908 1969 Tyrrell’s HVD vineyard is Craigmoor’s cuttings OF AUSTRALIAN planted in Hunter Valley, identified as one of now one of the oldest the best Chardonnay CHARDONNAY Chardonnay vineyards clones with European in the world. provenance in Australia. 1820s –1930s 1918 Chardonnay is one of the Chardonnay cuttings from original varieties brought Kaluna Vineyard in Sydney’s to Australia and thrives in Fairfield are given to a Roth the warm, dry climate. family member, who plants them at Craigmoor Vineyards in Mudgee. EARLY 1970s 1980s Consumer preferences A new style of shift to table wines, with 1979 Chardonnay enters the new styles produced, Winemaker Brian Croser wine market. It’s oaked, including Tyrrell’s Vat 47 plants Chardonnay in rich and bright yellow – Chardonnay. cool‑climate Adelaide Hills. ‘sunshine in a bottle’. 1972 Mudgee winery Craigmoor follows Tyrrell’s lead and releases a 100% Chardonnay, unlike other whites of the day labelled as ‘Pinot Blanc’ or ‘Riesling’. MID TO LATE 1980s LATE –1990s 2000s The charge to make big, Tastes preferences move from big, oaked, buttery Australian luscious, overly oaked wines to fresher, Chardonnay is taken on by unoaked, fruit‑driven styles. wineries all over the country. EARLY 2000s TO DAY Chardonnay becomes Today’s premium Australian less fashionable as a Chardonnay, including lighter, unoaked, aromatic sparkling wine, is crafted challenger arrives in from cool‑climate fruit the form of Marlborough from regions such as the Sauvignon Blanc. Yarra Valley and Tasmania. THE STORY OF TYRRELL’S WINES: A GROUNDBREAKING HUNTER WINERY One of the Hunter Valley’s most renowned winemaking dynasties is the Tyrrell family. Today, the winemaking baton is being passed from fourth‑generation father Bruce Tyrrell to his fifth‑generation son, Chris Tyrrell. FUN FACT While the real truth may never be known, legend has it that Murray Tyrrell jumped the fence to grab some Chardonnay vines from Penfolds’ experimental vineyard to plant in his family’s Hunter Valley vineyard, now home to the famous Vat 47 Chardonnay. - An incredibly adaptable vine which takes on characteristics of the site where its grown. - Tight yield control encourages lean flavours and good acid development. - Lower yields give more intense flavour concentration in the grapes. - Early harvest to capture good acid structure. VITICULTURE: HOW AUSTRALIAN CHARDONNAY IS GROWN WINEMAKING: TECHNIQUES INFLUENCING CHARDONNAY STEMS CAN LEFT IN OCCUR CONTACT IN THREE WAYS WHOLE-BUNCH COLD BARREL MALOLACTIC OAK INFLUENCE PRESSING FERMENTATION FERMENTATION FERMENTATION WINEMAKING: TECHNIQUES INFLUENCING CHARDONNAY YEAST AND SUGAR WINE IS ADDED TO LEFT TO BOTTLE AGE ON ITS LEES BARREL EXTENDED LEES BÂTONNAGE WILD SECONDARY MATURATION CONTACT FERMENTATION FERMENTATION (IN SPARKLING WINE) COMMON CHARDONNAY Due to its adaptability, there's no one universal STYLES style. Australian Chardonnays express the diversity of the people who craft them and the unique regional characteristics of their origins. COMMON CHARDONNAY STYLES COMES TO LIFE WHEN PAIRED WITH FOOD THREE BROAD - Fresh ST YLES EXIST UNOAKED - Floral - Vibrant - Lean OAKED - Smooth SPARKLING FULL - Creamy BODIED - Complex - Dry - Toasty - Floral - Elegant - Savoury AUSTRALIAN CHARDONNAY WHERE IS CHARDONNAY GROWN? Murray Darling VICTORIA Murray R Calder Hwy Swan Hill Beechworth Goulburn Valley Western HwyMacedon Ranges MELBOURNE YarraYarra R Valley Geelong GEELONG Princes Hwy Princes Hwy Mornington Peninsula YARRA VALLEY - Popular tourist destination - Colourful history - Groundbreaking winemakers - Food and wine paradise Yarra Valley CRUSH TYPE CHARDONNAY LOW % % % OF YARRA ALTITUDE 35 65 VALLEY'S 50–350M WHITE RED 34 TOTAL CRUSH 164–1,148FT YARRA VALLEY SNAPSHOT CLIMATE CONTINENTAL HEAT DEGREE DAYS MEAN JANUARY TEMPERATURE MEDIUM 18.7°C GROWING MEdIUM 65.7°F SEASON RAINFALL 1,352 400–550MM / 15.7–21.7IN COOL The Yarra Valley’s northern side feature soils of grey to grey‑brown on the surface, and from loamy sand to clay loam in consistency with red‑brown clay SOIL subsoils, often filled with rock. The other major soil type is the immensely deep and fertile red volcanic soil on the southern side of the valley. Mornington Peninsula MORNINGTON PENINSULA - Historical significance FUN FACT - Seaside playground No vineyard site in the Mornington Peninsula - True maritime region is further than 7km - Popular gourmet escape from the ocean. CRUSH TYPE CHARDONNAY LOW % % % OF MORNINGTON ALTITUDE 40 60 PENINSULA'S 25–250M WHITE RED 25 TOTAL CRUSH 82–820FT MORNINGTON PENINSULA SNAPSHOT CLIMATE MARITIME HEAT DEGREE DAYS MEAN JANUARY TEMPERATURE MEDIUM 1 9.4°C GROWING MEdIUM 66.9°F SEASON RAINFALL 1,570 MODERATE 320–390MM / 12.5–15.3IN The Mornington Peninsula’s soils differ across the region, ranging from deep fertile sandy soils in the northern area, yellow and brown soils over SOIL friable, well‑drained clay and russet‑red volcanic‑ based soils in the south. Great Northern Hwy Northern Great Brand Hwy Great Eastern Hwy PERTH WESTERN Great Southern Hwy AUSTRALIA G eographe Albany Hwy Bussell Hwy Margaret R Marg aret South Western Hwy G reat River S outhern Hwy Coast South MARGARET RIVER - History of research and development - Trailblazers - Coastal location FUN FACT Margaret River produces about 20% of Australia’s premium wine from only 3% of Australia’s total grape crush. Marg aret River CRUSH TYPE CHARDONNAY LOW % % % OF MARGARET ALTITUDE 50 50 RIVER'S TOTAL 40–90M WHITE RED 16 CRUSH 130–295FT MARGARET RIVER SNAPSHOT CLIMATE MARITIME HEAT DEGREE DAYS MEAN JANUARY TEMPERATURE HIGH 20.4°C GROWING LoW 68.7°F SEASON RAINFALL 1,690 MODERATE 275MM / 10.8IN The region consists of grey loam on a subsoil of clay, which is excellent for viticulture. The ridge from Cape Naturaliste to Cape Leeuwin is predominantly gravelly SOIL loam on granite and gneiss, but its overall water‑holding capacity is low, and the granite layers encourage the vines to search deep for nutrients and water. New England Hwy Mitchell Hwy Newell Hwy Barrier Hwy N S W Oxley Hwy hunter valley ANDACT mudgee Silver City Hwy NEWCASTLE orange Western Hwy cowra SYDNEY WOLLONGONG Sturt Hwy rivERina canberra districtKings Hwy southern ACT Hume Hwy HIghlands Snowy Monaro Hwy Mountains Hwy tumbarumba HUNTER VALLEY - The birthplace of Australian wine - Home to the Tyrrell’s family - Popular tourist destination FUN FACT The Hunter Valley is Australia's oldest continuous wine region and is split into the Lower Hunter, where the majority of HUNTER wineries are located, and the Upper Hunter. VALLEY CRUSH TYPE CHARDONNAY LOW % % % OF HUNTER ALTITUDE 53 47 VALLEY'S 50–220M WHITE RED 16 TOTAL CRUSH 165–720FT HUNTER VALLEY SNAPSHOT CLIMATE HIGH SUBTROPICAL HEAT DEGREE DAYS WITH MARITIME INFLUENCES MEAN JANUARY VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE 22.3°C GROWING MEdIUM 2,170 SEASON RAINFALL 72.1°F 500MM / 19IN Lower Hunter soils vary from sandy alluvial flats to deep loam and friable red duplex soils. In the Upper Hunter, the rivers and creeks contribute to the area’s SOIL black, silty loam soils that are often overlaid on top of alkaline clay loam. The hills of the Brokenback Range feature strips of volcanic basalt. Stuart Hwy Barrier Hwy Eyre Hwy CLARE VALLEY Flinders Hwy SOUTHLincoln Hwy Sturt Hwy BAROSSA AUSTRALIA VALLEY riverland ADELAIDE ADELAIDE HILLS MCLAREN VALE Ouyen Hwy Dukes Hwy Riddoch Hwy Princes Hwy ADELAIDE HILLS - German heritage - Food lovers’ haven - Rebirth of a region - Cool‑climate centre DID YOU KNOW? Two sub‑regions sit within the Adelaide Hills region: Lenswood ADELAIDE and Piccadilly Valley. HILLS CRUSH TYPE LOW- CHARDONNAY % % MEDIUM % OF ADELAIDE ALTITUDE 60 40 22 HILLS' TOTAL 400–500M WHITE RED CRUSH 1,312–1,640FT ADELAIDE HILLS SNAPSHOT CLIMATE HEAT DEGREE DAYS MEAN JANUARY MARITIME TEMPERATURE LOW 19.1°C GROWING LoW 66°F SEASON RAINFALL 1,270 MODERATE 280–320MM / 11–12.5IN Adelaide Hills’ soils are highly variable in structure and chemistry. The region has a mixture of grey‑brown or brown loamy sands, with patches of sandy soils SOIL over clay subsoils. Soil depth is also variable due to topography, which can range from steep slopes to undulating hills, resulting in shallow stony soils to the top of hills and deep peat‑like clays at the bottom. Murchison Hwy Hwy Tasman LAUNCESTON Midland Hwy Esk Main Rd Zeehan Hwy Highland Lyell Hwy Lakes Rd HOBART TASMANIA TASMANIA - Fine cool‑climate region - Sparkling wine wonderland - Gourmet paradise Tasmania CRUSH TYPE CHARDONNAY LOW % % % ALTITUDE 52 48 OF TASMANIA'S TOTAL CRUSH 0–80M WHITE RED 26 0–262FT TASMANIA SNAPSHOT CLIMATE MARITIME HEAT DEGREE DAYS MEAN JANUARY TEMPERATURE LOW 16.8°C 62.2°F GROWING MEdIUM 1,013 SEASON RAINFALL 350MM / 13.7IN COOL On the lower slopes, the vineyard soils feature ancient sandstones, mudstones, river sediments and igneous rock of volcanic origin. Sandstone and schist appear SOIL in Derwent Valley. Peaty alluvial and sandy low humus soils in Coal River Valley.