South West Slopes and Central Tablelands Regions, NSW April 2018

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

South West Slopes and Central Tablelands Regions, NSW April 2018 Socio-economic impacts of the softwood plantation industry South West Slopes and Central Tablelands regions, NSW April 2018 Jacki Schirmer1,2, Diana Gibbs3, Mel Mylek1, Anders Magnusson4 and Julian Morison4 1 Health Research Institute, University of Canberra 2 Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra 3 Diana Gibbs and Partners 4 EconSearch Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. v Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Overview of the industry ........................................................................................................................ 3 Industry structure ............................................................................................................................... 3 Softwood plantation industry - South West Slopes ............................................................................ 5 Softwood plantation industry – Central Tablelands ........................................................................... 6 Integrated processing industry ........................................................................................................... 7 Other activities .................................................................................................................................... 7 Economic value ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Measuring economic impact ............................................................................................................... 9 Categories of economic impact ...................................................................................................... 9 Value of output ............................................................................................................................. 10 Industry expenditure..................................................................................................................... 10 Industry contribution to Gross Regional Product (GRP) ............................................................... 11 Employment .................................................................................................................................. 12 Direct economic value ...................................................................................................................... 12 Direct value of output ................................................................................................................... 12 Direct expenditure ........................................................................................................................ 13 Contribution of the forest industry to Gross Regional Production ............................................... 14 Total economic value including both direct and flow-on effects ..................................................... 14 Employment .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Direct employment ........................................................................................................................... 16 Employment by local government area ............................................................................................ 17 Flow-on employment ........................................................................................................................ 21 Direct employment in secondary processing.................................................................................... 22 Employment over time ..................................................................................................................... 22 Working conditions ............................................................................................................................... 26 Working hours ................................................................................................................................... 26 Income .............................................................................................................................................. 28 Workforce diversity and sustainability ................................................................................................. 29 Gender .............................................................................................................................................. 29 Age .................................................................................................................................................... 30 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders ............................................................................................... 30 Recruiting workers and contractors.................................................................................................. 31 Industry skills and training needs ......................................................................................................... 34 Formal skills attainment.................................................................................................................... 36 Business and market outlook ................................................................................................................ 39 Overall business conditions .............................................................................................................. 39 Future business expectations ........................................................................................................... 39 Business challenges ........................................................................................................................... 40 Community perceptions of the social, economic, service and infrastructure effects of the industry . 42 Quality of life and liveability ............................................................................................................. 42 Perceptions of regional industries .................................................................................................... 46 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 49 References ............................................................................................................................................ 50 Appendix 1 Data tables ......................................................................................................................... 51 i Tables Table 1 Direct expenditure generated by the South West Slopes and Central Tablelands softwood plantation industry, 2015-16, by supply chain stage ............................................................................................................. 13 Table 2 Economic impacts of the softwood plantation industry – South West Slopes and Central Tablelands .. 15 Table 3 Direct employment generated by the softwood plantation industry, 2016 ............................................ 18 Table 4 Direct employment generated by the South West Slopes softwood plantation industry, 2016, by local government area .................................................................................................................................................. 19 Table 5 Direct employment generated by the Central Tablelands softwood plantation industry, 2016, by local government area .................................................................................................................................................. 20 Table 6 Employment multipliers: indirect employment generated by the South West Slopes plantation industry .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Table 7 Forest industry employment recorded in the ABS Census of Population and Housing over time .......... 25 Table 8 Full-time, part-time and casual work in the softwood plantation industry, 2017 – industry survey results ................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Table 9 Proportion of workforce employed full-time and part-time, 2006-2016 – ABS Census of Population and Housing ................................................................................................................................................................. 27 Table 10 Working hours by industry sector, 2006-2016 – ABS Census of Population and Housing ..................... 27 Table 11 Income earned by workers, 2006-2016 – ABS Census of Population and Housing ............................... 28 Table 12 Income earned by full-time workers, 2006-2016 – ABS Census of Population and Housing ................. 28 Table 13 Workforce characteristics: gender (2017 Industry
Recommended publications
  • Cooma Monaro Final Report 2015
    Cooma-Monaro Shire Final Report 2015 Date: 22 October 2015 Cooma-Monaro LGA Final Report 2015 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LGA OVERVIEW Cooma-Monaro Local Government Area The Cooma-Monaro Shire Council area is located in the south east region of NSW. The Shire comprises a land area of approximately 5229 square kilometres comprising undulating to hilly rural grazing land, timbered lifestyle areas and retreat bushland. The Local Government Area (LGA) is adjoined by four other LGAs – Palerang to the north, Tumut and Snowy River to the west, Bombala to the south and Bega Valley to the east. The main economic activities in the Shire include sheep and cattle grazing plus the “provision” of hobby farms / rural home sites in the Cooma area for the Cooma market, in the Michelago area (ie the northern part of the Shire) for the Canberra market and at various other locations including along the Murrumbidgee River and at the southeast periphery near Nimmitabel. These rural/ residential blocks and bush retreats cater for a number of sub markets and demand tends to ebb and flow. Number of properties valued this year and the total land value in dollars The Cooma-Monaro LGA comprises Residential, Rural, Commercial, Industrial, Infrastructure/Special Purposes, Environmental and Public Recreation zones. 5,388 properties were valued at the Base Date of 1 July 2015, and valuations are reflective of the property market at that time. Previous Notices of Valuation issued to owners for the Base Date of 1 July 2014. The Snowy River LGA property market generally has remained static across all sectors with various minor fluctuations.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change in the Central Tablelands
    Climate change in the Central Tablelands The Central Tablelands region is located in central NSW, and includes the major towns of Bathurst, Cowra, Lithgow, Mudgee and Orange. The region has a number of natural resource assets and is home View across the Tablelands. Photography – Clare Kerr to a diverse range of agricultural industries. This information is part of a series of factsheets highlighting changes and options for the region associated with climate change. Rainfall For central NSW, there is medium confidence that average rainfall Current climate in the will decrease in spring and increase in early autumn although annual totals will remain similar to current conditions. By 2070, Central Tablelands a clear shift towards summer/autumn dominance will become The Central Tablelands has a temperate climate with mild to warm evident, with a possible slight increase (5-10%) in annual totals. summers and no dry season. The region contains high elevation Extra rainfall in summer and autumn is projected to be associated landscapes which provide a predominantly mild climate relative with increased intensity events. to adjoining regions to the north, west and south. Being inland, there is marked seasonal and diurnal variation in temperature. Relative humidity and evapotranspiration A decline in relative humidity is projected for all seasons with Rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with a medium to high confidence, although changes in the near slight summer increase, however there is a wide multi-annual term are projected to be small. There is a high confidence variation driven largely by El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that potential evapotranspiration will increase in all seasons as cycling.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Wine Discovered
    CHARDONNAY AUSTRALIAN WINE DISCOVERED Australia’s unique climate and landscape have fostered a fiercely independent wine scene, home to a vibrant community of growers, winemakers, viticulturists, and vignerons. With more than 100 grape varieties grown across 65 distinct wine regions, we have the freedom to make exceptional wine, and to do it our own way. We’re not beholden by tradition, but continue to push the boundaries in the pursuit of the most diverse, thrilling wines in the world. That’s just our way. AUSTRALIAN CHARDONNAY: T H E EVOLUTION Australian Chardonnay has enjoyed the industry’s highs OF A CLASSIC and weathered its lows with resilience, and it continues to hold a special place for Australian wine lovers. Its Australian journey is a roller‑coaster ride of dramatic proportions. TO DAY - The history of WE’LL Australian Chardonnay - How it’s grown - How it’s made - The different styles - Where it’s grown - Characteristics and flavour profiles COVER… - Chardonnay by numbers THE HISTORY 1908 1969 Tyrrell’s HVD vineyard is Craigmoor’s cuttings OF AUSTRALIAN planted in Hunter Valley, identified as one of now one of the oldest the best Chardonnay CHARDONNAY Chardonnay vineyards clones with European in the world. provenance in Australia. 1820s –1930s 1918 Chardonnay is one of the Chardonnay cuttings from original varieties brought Kaluna Vineyard in Sydney’s to Australia and thrives in Fairfield are given to a Roth the warm, dry climate. family member, who plants them at Craigmoor Vineyards in Mudgee. EARLY 1970s 1980s Consumer preferences A new style of shift to table wines, with 1979 Chardonnay enters the new styles produced, Winemaker Brian Croser wine market.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish River Water Supply Scheme
    Nomination of FISH RIVER WATER SUPPLY SCHEME as a National Engineering Landmark Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Nomination Form 4 Owner's Agreement 5 3. Location Map 6 4. Glossary, Abbreviations and Units 8 5. Heritage Assessment 10 5.1 Basic Data 10 5.2 Heritage Significance 11 5.2.1 Historic phase 11 5.2.2 Historic individuals and association 36 5.2.3 Creative or technical achievement 37 5.2.4 Research potential – teaching and understanding 38 5.2.5 Social or cultural 40 5.2.6 Rarity 41 5.2.7 Representativeness 41 6. Statement of Significance 42 7. Proposed Citation 43 8. References 44 9. CD-ROM of this document plus images obtained to date - 1 - - 2 - 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Fish River Water Supply Scheme [FRWS] is a medium size but important water supply with the headwaters in the Central Highlands of NSW, west of the Great Dividing Range and to the south of Oberon. It supplies water in an area from Oberon, north to Portland, Mount Piper Power Station and beyond, and east, across the Great Dividing Range, to Wallerawang town, Wallerawang Power Station, Lithgow and the Upper Blue Mountains. It is the source of water for many small to medium communities, including Rydal, Lidsdale, Cullen Bullen, Glen Davis and Marrangaroo, as well as many rural properties through which its pipelines pass. It was established by Act of Parliament in 1945 as a Trading Undertaking of the NSW State Government. The FRWS had its origins as a result of the chronic water supply problems of the towns of Lithgow, Wallerawang, Portland and Oberon from as early as 1937, which were exacerbated by the 1940-43 drought.
    [Show full text]
  • Livestock, Land Cover, and Environmental History: The
    Livestock,Land Cover, and Environmental History: The Tablelandsof New SouthWales, Australia, 1820-1920 KarlW Butzer*and David M. Helgren** *DepartmentofGeography and the Environment, University ofTexas at Austin **DepartmentofGeography, SanJose State University Forsoutheastern Australia, arrival of the First Fleet in 1788raises similar issues in environmental history as the 1492landing of Columbus in the Americas. But Anglo-Australian settlement isyounger and better documented, bothin termsof scientific proxy data and historical sources, which include data on stockingrates that generally werelight. Environmental concerns were voiced early, and a livelydebate continues both among professionals andthe lay public, with Australian geographers playing a major academic and applied role. This article addresses environmentaldegradation often attributed to earlypastoralism (and implicit clearance) in theTablelands of NewSouth Wales. Methods include: (1) comparisonofwell-reported travel itineraries of1817-1833 with mod- ernland cover and streamchannels; (2) criticalreviews of high-resolutionpollen profiles and theissues of Aboriginalvs. Anglo-Australian fireecology; and (3) identificationofsoil erosion and gullying both before and afterAnglo-Australian intrusion. The results indicate that (a) landcover of the Tablelands islittle changed since priorto Contact,although some species are less common, while invasive genera of legumes have modified the groundcover; (b) thecharcoal trace in pollen profiles prior to Contact supports an ecologicalimpact
    [Show full text]
  • Cooma-Monaro Shire Development Control Plan 2014 (Amendment 2)
    Cooma-Monaro Shire Development Control Plan 2014 (Amendment 2) 1 | P a g e Draft Development Control Plan Amendments Cooma-Monaro Development Control Plan MONARO SHIRE COUNCIL D evelopment Control Plan 2014 As adopted by Council on 17 October 2019 (Resolution 362/19) Came into force on 11/11/2019 Plan 2014 COOMA - Record of Versions Name of Amendment Adopted by Council on Resolution Came into Force on (date of notice in local press) Original (Issue 1) 14/04/2014 129/14 17/04/2014 Amendment 1 (Issue 3) 14/03/2016 58/16 23/03/2016 Amendment 2 (Issue 4) 17/10/2019 362/19 11/11/2019 H:\flightplan\ServicePages\Documentation\Policies\Urban & Rural Planning\DCP\_WordDoc\Cooma-Monaro Shire Development Control Plan 2014.docx 2 | P a g e Draft Development Control Plan Amendments Cooma-Monaro Development Control Plan MONARO SHIRE COUNCIL D evelopment Control Plan 2014 Contents 1 Introduction 9 1.1 How to use this Plan 10 1.2 Structure of this Plan 10 Plan 2014 1.3 Relationship to other plans 11 1.4 Name of this Plan 12 1.5 Land to which this Plan applies 12 1.6 Commencement date 12 1.7 Aims of this Plan 12 1.8 Categories of development 12 1.9 Variations to development standards 13 1.10 Is development consent required? 14 2 General Development Controls 16 2.1 Streetscape 16 2.1.1 Objectives 16 COOMA 2.1.2 Performance based requirements 17 2.1.3 Prescriptive requirements 17 2.2 Building height and bulk 17 - 2.2.1 Objectives 18 2.2.2 Performance based requirements 18 2.2.3 Prescriptive requirements 18 2.3 Building setbacks 19 2.3.1 Objectives 19 2.3.2
    [Show full text]
  • Central Tablelands Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017-2022
    Central Tablelands Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017 – 2022 (Abridged Version) Developed in partnership with the Central Tablelands Regional Weed Committee This is a draft only. Photos courtesy of NSW Government © Central Tablelands (Abridged Version) 2 Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan 2017 – 2022 DRAFT Contents Executive Summary 4 Appendix 1: Priority weeds for the Central Tablelands Local Land Services Region 7 A1.1 State level determined priority weeds 7 A1.2 Regionally determined priority weeds 12 Appendix 2: Other regional weed lists 18 A2.1 Regional alert list 18 A2.2 Regional community concern list 19 3 Central Tablelands (Abridged Version) Executive Summary The Central Tablelands Region supports a diverse and distinct mixture of landscape, livelihood, cultural and lifestyle values. Strategic and coordinated regional weed management is critical to building the sustainability of the primary industries, natural environments and local communities in the Central Tablelands region. NSW is in the process of reforming its weed, pest and disease biosecurity legislation. Together, the NSW Biosecurity Strategy 2013-2021 and NSW Biosecurity Act 2015 (which repeals the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 and is expected to be operational in early 2017) provide a modernised and clear vision for safeguarding our primary industries, natural environments and communities from a range of biosecurity threats (pests, diseases and weeds), and the role of community-wide shared responsibility. This Regional Strategic Weed Management Plan (the plan) is a direct response to this legislative reform. It was prepared by the Central Tablelands Regional Weed Committee on behalf of the Central Tablelands Local Land Services Board with guidance from the State Weeds Committee and Local Land Services.
    [Show full text]
  • 776 Bus Time Schedule & Line Route
    776 bus time schedule & line map 776 Canberra Civic View In Website Mode The 776 bus line Canberra Civic has one route. For regular weekdays, their operation hours are: (1) Canberra Civic: 6:50 AM Use the Moovit App to ƒnd the closest 776 bus station near you and ƒnd out when is the next 776 bus arriving. Direction: Canberra Civic 776 bus Time Schedule 12 stops Canberra Civic Route Timetable: VIEW LINE SCHEDULE Sunday Not Operational Monday 6:50 AM Bombala Coach Stop, Forbes St 104 Maybe Street, Bombala Tuesday Not Operational Bibbenluke Coach Stop, Monaro Hwy Wednesday 6:50 AM Dalgety Coach Stop, Campbell St Thursday Not Operational Campbell Street, Dalgety Friday 6:50 AM Jindabyne Coach Stop Saturday Not Operational 49 Kosciuszko Road, Jindabyne Berridale Coach Stop, Jindabyne Rd 58 Jindabyne Road, Berridale 776 bus Info Cooma Coach Stop, Bombala St Direction: Canberra Civic Bombala Street, Cooma (Nsw) Stops: 12 Trip Duration: 265 min Bredbo Coach Stop, Monaro Hwy Line Summary: Bombala Coach Stop, Forbes St, Bibbenluke Coach Stop, Monaro Hwy, Dalgety Coach Michelago Coach Stop, Monaro Hwy Stop, Campbell St, Jindabyne Coach Stop, Berridale Coach Stop, Jindabyne Rd, Cooma Coach Stop, Canberra Station, Coach Stop Bombala St, Bredbo Coach Stop, Monaro Hwy, 41 Burke Crescent, Kingston Michelago Coach Stop, Monaro Hwy, Canberra Station, Coach Stop, Bateson Rd after Canberra Bateson Rd after Canberra Hospital Hospital, John James Hospital Strickland Cr, West Bateson Road, Phillip Row after London Cct John James Hospital Strickland Cr 175 Strickland Crescent, Deakin West Row after London Cct West Row, City 776 bus time schedules and route maps are available in an o«ine PDF at moovitapp.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Pp4969 Snowy Monaro Regional Council
    WILLIAMSDALE ! THE Ref: PP4969 ANGLE ! BURRA A U S T R A L II A N Local Government Area Boundary CLEAR LONG C A P I T A L RANGE JINGERA PLAIN C A P I T A L MICHELAGO SNOWY MONARO TANTANGARA T E R R II T O R Y REGIONAL COUNCIL TINDERRY ANEMBO Legend YAOUK KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL BUMBALONG PARK ! Local Government Area ! COLINTON Hydro Area JERANGLE Suburb BOLARO PROVIDENCE PORTAL ! ! Road BREDBO SHANNONS Railway Legend FLAT Watercourse ANGLERS ¦ REACH BILLILINGRA PEAK OLD ADAMINABY VIEW Scale 1:700,000 Datum: GDA 94 ADAMINABY BADJA CHAKOLA DRY BRAEMAR PLAIN BAY MURRUMBUCCA EUCUMBENE ! ROSE Local Government Area (LGA) boundaries and names as proclaimed in ! VALLEY proclamation made under the Local Government Act 1993 notified in the SNOWY FRYING BUNYAN PLAIN BUCKENDERRA PAN NSW Government Gazette on 12/05/2016. NIMMO RHINE FALLS WAMBROOK BINJURA NUMERALLA This plan constitutes a Public Survey as described in section 7, part 2 of COUNTEGANY POLO F! LAT GLEN the Surveying and Spatial Information Act 2002. MIDDLINGBANK DAIRYMANS ! FERGUS PLAINS MIDDLE ROCKY FLAT Source: ! COOMA PLAIN COOLRINGDON PINE ! CARLAMINDA Digital data used in this plan has been sourced from Land and Property VALLEY TUROSS COOTRALANTRA WADBILLIGA Information (LPI). ! DANGELONG ! KALKITE ! ! HILL The pre-existing Local Government Area boundaries and names are TOP SNOWY MONARO REGIONAL COUNCIL sourced from the Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) and agree with BERRIDALE THE those as at the date of extraction. The cadastral fabric used AVONSIDE ARABLE BROTHERS ROCK KYBEYAN to produce this plan was extracted from the DCDB. The DCDB is linked EAST FLAT JINDABYNE to the NSW State Control Survey.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Rural Cemeteries in Central Western NSW: Islands of Australiana in a European Sea?
    Four rural cemeteries in central western NSW: Islands of Australiana in a European sea? W.S. Semple1, 3, M.O. Rankin2, I.A. Cole2 and T.B. Koen2 1Department of Environment and Climate Change, PO Box 53, Orange, NSW 2800; Present address: 37 Popes Rd, Junortoun, Victoria 3551 AUSTRALIA. 2Department of Environment and Climate Change, PO Box 445, Cowra, NSW 2794 AUSTRALIA. 3 Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract: Vascular plants present in groundstoreys of variously–managed areas in four cemeteries in central western NSW – two on the Central Western Slopes (Garra and Toogong) and two on the Central Tablelands (Lyndhurst and Carcoar) – were recorded over periods of 6–10 years. It was hypothesised that (a) areas of the cemeteries with a history of nil or low disturbance would represent high quality remnant vegetation (i.e. contain a diversity of native species but few naturalised species), and (b) that clearing of woody vegetation, together with similar management (e.g. regular mowing) would result in homogenisation of the groundstoreys such that many species, native and naturalised, would be common to all sites. 344 species (176 native, 154 naturalised and 14 non–naturalised exotics) were recorded across the four cemeteries. Many native species that were rare in the surrounding agricultural lands were present in the cemeteries (enhancing their value as conservation areas) but no cemetery contained areas of groundstorey that would qualify as ‘pristine’. Across all management areas, the proportions of naturalised species in the native + naturalised floras of the cemeteries ranged from 46 to 55 %. Though never dominant, naturalised species also comprised high proportions (42 to 51 %) of the floras of the least disturbed (nil or infrequently mown) areas within each cemetery.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft MRCA Submission on Michelago Masterplan Consultation Documents
    DRAFT SUBMISSION on SMRC Michelago Masterplan consultation Introduction Michelago Region Community Association Inc (MRCA) thanks the Snowy Monaro Regional Council (SMRC) for the Michelago Masterplan process, and for its consultative approach to planning the future of Michelago. We have examined the: ● Draft Michelago Masterplan Scenarios for Exhibition (the Draft Masterplan Scenarios), ● Michelago Masterplan - postcard A5 (the postcard), ● Kitchen Table Discussion Guide (the Kitchen Table Guide), ● Michelago scenarios summary presentation (13.6 MB) (‘the growth scenarios paper’), and the ● Growth Scenarios Survey (the consultation documents), and provide the following comments. As we have previously submitted, a strategic plan to guide the development of Michelago is needed urgently so this is not left solely to the discretion of developers or landholders. The consultation documents set out the issues helpfully, and MRCA to the extent possible has listened to community responses on the various potential growth scenarios put forward. MRCA submission on SMRC Michelago Masterplan consultation DRAFT The Briefing Paper and Growth Scenarios paper make clear that water availability is a threshold question when considering potential development of Michelago, and that even low or medium growth would require the provision of water and sewerage services. We agree that any proposal to develop such services which would require a detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of the various options and costs to the council and community, and we do not believe the case has been made. We therefore submit that the ‘Scenario A’ growth scenario be adopted for Michelago and region into the future. The ‘Scenario A’ position set out in this document represents what we believe to be the view of the substantial majority of Michelago and region landholders.
    [Show full text]
  • New South Wales and Sydney
    University of Waikato Library: Map Collection Australia: New South Wales and Sydney The Map Collection of the University of Waikato Library contains a comprehensive collection of maps from around the world with detailed coverage of New Zealand and the Pacific. Editions are first unless stated. Some maps designated S are held in storage on Level 1. Please ask a librarian if you would like to use one. General, road and street maps Hema North East New South Wales 7th ed. 2010 1: 375,000 Snowy – Kosciuszko 2nd ed. 2011 1: 200,000 South East New South Wales 4th ed. 2011 1: 385,000 Mid North Coast and New England 3rd ed. 2011 1: 375,000 Sydney and region 2006 various UBD New South Wales state plus Sydney suburban (map 270) 23rd ed. 2005 various Newcastle suburban streets (map 280) 16th ed. 2012 1: 25,000 Blue Mountains suburban streets (map 290) 17th ed. 2012 1: 25,000 Wollongong street map (map 299) 14th ed. 2011 1: 25,000 Cartoscope maps of rural New South Wales Central Coast Region, including town maps of Gosford, Avoca, 12th 2012 Terrigal, etc Coffs Coast to Armidale, including town maps of Coffs Harbour, 11th 2012 Nambucca Heads, Armidale, etc Eurobodalla, including town maps of Batemans Bay, Moruya, Mogo, 13th 2012 etc Great Lakes Region, including town maps of Forster, Tuncurry, 20th 2012 Pacific Palms, etc Manning Valley, including town maps of Taree, Harrington, Old Bar, 11th 2012 etc Newcastle Hunter Region, including town maps of Lake Macquarie, 1st 2012 Hunter Valley, Maitland, etc Port Macquarie/Macleay Valley, including town maps
    [Show full text]