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Misconceptions and Mismanagement of Menstruation Among Adolescents
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eCommons@AKU Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM) Volume 3 | Issue 1 Article 6-2016 Misconceptions and Mismanagement of Menstruation among Adolescents Girls who do not attend School in Pakistan Naghma Rizvi Aga Khan University, Pakistan, [email protected] Tazeen Saeed Ali Aga Khan University, Pakistan, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.aku.edu/jam Part of the Nursing Midwifery Commons Recommended Citation Rizvi, N, & Ali, T S. Misconceptions and Mismanagement of Menstruation among Adolescents Girls who do not attend School in Pakistan. Journal of Asian Midwives. 2016;3(1):46–62. Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM), Vol. 3, Iss. 1 [2016] Misconceptions and Mismanagement of Menstruation among Adolescents Girls who do not attend School in Pakistan 1Dr S. Naghma Rizvi; 2Dr. Tazeen Saeed Ali 1. Corresponding Author: Senior Instructor, The Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Email: [email protected]: 2. Dr. Tazeen Saeed Ali, Associate Professor, The Aga Khan University School Of Nursing and Midwifery & Department Of Community Health Sciences, Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Menstruation is perceived and interpreted differently under different social and cultural norms. There are a number of different practices, conceptions and misconceptions that have been reported in studies conducted in various countries. In Pakistan, there is a dearth of knowledge related to hygienic and unhygienic practices, discomforts, misconceptions related to nutrition, and restrictions imposed during menstruation. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objectives to identify the conceptions and misconceptions about menstruation, explore hygienic and unhygienic practices during menstruation along with the socio- cultural and religious restrictions imposed, and the discomforts with its management among adolescents who do not attend schools between the ages of 13-19 years, residing in the squatter settlements of urban Karachi. -
Oro De Colombia. Chamanismo Y Orfebrería 2005
Patrocina COMPAÑÍA SUDAMERICANA DE VAPORES S.A. Organizan MUSEO CHILENO DE ARTE PRECOLOMBINO BANCO DE LA REPÚBLICA, MUSEO DEL ORO - BOGOTÁ D.C. ILUSTRE MUNICIPALIDAD DE SANTIAGO MUSEO CHILENO DE ARTE PRECOLOMBINO FUNDACION FAMILIA LARRAIN ECHENIQUE Ley de Donaciones Culturales 1 ORO DE COLOMBIA chamanismo y orfebrería Exposición: mayo - julio 2005 2 3 CRÉDITOS DE LA EXPOSICIÓN Banco de la República, Museo del Oro Guión Científi co Roberto Pineda Camacho María Alicia Uribe Villegas Curaduría María Alicia Uribe Villegas Clara Isabel Botero Cuervo Fotografías Catálogo Rudolf Schrimpff Clark Manuel Rodríguez Fotografías Paneles Exposición Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff, Archivo Fotográfi co Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango Música Leonardo Bohórquez Carlos Osuna Mapa y Cuadro Cronológico Museo del Oro del Banco de la República 4 En la década de 1930 surge en Colombia el interés por la preservación del patrimonio arqueológico a partir de la creación de los primeros institutos ofi ciales y centros docentes en arqueología y etnología. Para el Banco de la República de Colombia es motivo de gran complacencia haber participado desde entonces en ese proceso gracias a la decisión tomada por las directivas del banco de la época de iniciar una colección de orfebrería prehispánica, que años más tarde se convirtió en el Museo del Oro. La colección, que cuenta hoy con 33.800 registros de orfebrería y 20.000 de cerámica, piedra, hueso, concha y madera y se exhiben en siete museos en Colombia y en frecuentes exposiciones nacionales e internacionales, es una institución fundamental de nuestra cultura. La exposición ORO DE COLOMBIA: CHAMANISMO Y ORFEBRERÍA, conformada por 269 objetos excepcionales de las colecciones del Museo del Oro del Banco de la República, propone una refl exión de alta signifi cación para el ser humano de todos los tiempos: los símbolos de transformación de la identidad humana. -
Subculture and the Consumer Behavior
SUBCULTURE AND THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 5 Apparently it seems that culture of a particular country or a society is homogeneous, but in reality it is composed of a larger number of more or less distinct groups. Each of these groups is known as a subculture. The knowledge of subculture provides important guidelines to marketers in formulating strategies for effective performance of marketing activities. School of Business Blank Page Unit-5 Page-120 Bangladesh Open University Lesson - 1 & - 2 : Different Types of Subculture and Their Influences on Consumption Objectives of these lessons After reading these lessons, you will be able to: Understand the subcultural context of consumer behavior Define subculture Identify different types of subcultures Know how different subcultures affect buying behavior Explain them for marketing decision making. Introduction Subculture is a part of the culture containing the important features of the main culture. In this lesson we shall highlight on the subcultural context, types of subcultures, subcultural influence on consumer behavior as well as marketing implications of the concept of subculture. Subcultural Context Affecting Consumer Behavior Culture, you know, is an extremely broad and encompassing term. It includes what we have learned, our history, values, morals, customs, art, and habit. Marketing takes place within a given culture. Marketers should know that experience, history, values, morals, customs, art, habit, etc. vary within a given culture requiring different marketing programs. Not everyone in the same country or society shares the same behavioral pattern of the dominant or main culture. It clearly indicates that there are subcultures, such as those of northerners, southerners, city-dwellers, the poor, teen agers, elderly, religious groups and so on. -
An Evaluation of the Impact of an Intercultural Service
AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF AN INTERCULTURAL SERVICE LEARNING EXPERIENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSCULTURAL SELF-EFFICACY OF NURSING STUDENTS Lynn Marie Schmidt Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Nursing, Indiana University July, 2015 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. __________________________________________ Angela M. McNelis, PhD, RN, ANEF, CNE, Chair __________________________________________ Kristina Thomas Dreifuerst PhD, RN, CNE Doctoral Committee __________________________________________ Sara Horton-Deutsch, PhD, PMHCNS, RN, ANEF November 6, 2014 __________________________________________ Kathy Lay, PhD ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family. I could not have completed this journey without your unconditional love and support. I hope you know how much I love you and appreciate your patience as I continued my educational journey. Jonathan, you are always there for me, my strength, my best friend, my soul mate, my husband- Thank you for all the encouragement and support. Sarah and Laura—you deserve recognition, your continuing support no matter what your mother decided to do. You have always been my inspiration to be a positive role model and to strive to be a better person. I will always— “love you more”! I further dedicate this work to the students and faculty who have shared their intercultural experiences with me. As the intercultural experiences have positively changed your life, you have absolutely changed mine. It is my hope and dream that this work will positively impact the lives of those in nursing and the patients that they care for. -
The Adaptive Significance of Cultural Behavior
Human Ecology, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1976 The Adaptive Significance of Cultural Behavior William H. Durham 1 In this article, I argue that human social behavior is a product of the eoevolution of human biology and culture. While critical of attempts by anthropologists to explain cultural practices as if they were independent of the ability of individual human beings to survive and reproduce, I am also leery of attempts by biologists to explain the consistencies between neo-Darwinian theory and cultural behavior as the result of natural selection for that behavior. Instead, I propose that both biological and cultural attributes of human beings result to a large degree from the selective retention of traits that enhance the inclusive fitnesses of individuals in their environments. Aspects of human biology and culture may be adaptive in the same sense despite differences between the mechanisms of selection and re- gardless of their relative importance in the evolution of a trait. The old idea that organic and cultural evolution are complementary can thus be used to provide new explanations ]'or why people do what they do. KEY WORDS: biological and cultural evolution; adaptiveness; fitness; cultural behavior. INTRODUC~ON For many years, biologists and anthropologists have realized that the or- ganic and the cultural evolution of human beings have been interdependent, mutually complementary processes (e.g., Roe and Simpson, 1958; Caspari, 1963; Dobzhansky, 1961, 1962, 1963; Montagu, 1962, 1968a,b;McBride, 1971). In anthropology, this realization prompted the analysis of cultures and social sys- tems as superorganic extensions of human adaptation (e.g., Cohen, 1974b; Meggers, 1971, 1973; Rappaport, 1969, 1971a,b; Sanders and Price, 1968; This article was prepared from remarks I presented at the Smithsonian Conference on Human Biogeography in April 1974. -
Cross-Cultural Variations in Consumer Behavior: a Literature Review of International Studies
South East European Journal of Economics and Business Volume 13 (2) 2018, 49-71 DOI: 10.2478/jeb-2018-0012 CROSS-CULTURAL VARIATIONS IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Timokhina Galina, Taylan Urkmez, Wagner Ralf Abstract This study presents a review of 85 peer-reviewed publications of cross-cultural variations in consumer behav- ior. The objectives of this study are to systemize conceptual and methodological approaches to research of cross-cultural variations in consumer behavior; to present an extended understanding of consumer behavior in related industries; to identify conceptual and methodological gaps and empirical issues in these studies; and by fulfilling the objective of this paper to develop an agenda guiding further research in a systematic manner. This literature review reveals the lack of a unified conceptual approach to defining cross-cultural variations and the absence of a unified terminology related to cross-cultural research. It also highlights methodological areas susceptible to common method bias, which hinders the establishment of equivalence in studies of cross-cultural variations in consumer behavior. This review accentuates the “cross-cultural vari- ations” concept in consumer behavior research, covering both the differences and similarities that are the subject of cross-cultural studies. Furthermore, the current study outlines relevant contributions for theoreti- cal and potentially managerial implications based on the study’s insights. Keywords: Cross-cultural variations, consumer behavior, data equivalence, measurement equivalence. JEL: M0, M31, M39 INTRODUCTION Galina Timokhina, PhD The timeliness of studying the behavior of consum- Associate Professor ers from different cultures in an increasingly fragment- Ural State University of Economics ed world is demonstrated by the dynamic growth of E-mail: [email protected] the number of published cross-cultural studies and the rise of special issues of consumer behavior-related Taylan Urkmez, PhD journals. -
Chinese Cultural Values and Chinese Language Pedagogy
CHINESE CULTURAL VALUES AND CHINESE LANGUAGE PEDAGOGY A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Bo Zhu, M.A. The Ohio State University Master’s Examination Committee Approved by Dr. Galal Walker, Adviser Dr. Mari Noda ________________________________ Adviser Graduate Program in East Asian Languages and Literatures Copyright @ 2008 Bo Zhu ABSTRACT Cultural values hold great control on people’s social behaviors. To become culturally competent, it is important for second language learners to understand primary cultural values in the target culture and to behave in accordance with those values. Cultural themes are the behavioral norms that people share in a society in pursuit of cultural values, which help learners relate what they learn to do with cultural values. The purpose of this study is to identify pedagogical cultural values and cultural themes in Chinese language education and propose a performance-based language curriculum, which integrates cultural values and cultural themes into language pedagogy. There are mainly three research questions discussed. First, what are the primary components in the Chinese cultural value system? Second, how is a cultural value manifest and managed in social behaviors? Third, how can a performance-based language curriculum integrate cultural values and cultural themes? This thesis analyzes the nature of cultural values and the components of Chinese cultural value system, with goals to identify pedagogical cultural values in Chinese language education. Seven cultural values are selected based on proposed criteria as primary pedagogical cultural themes in Chinese language education. -
Acculturation
CHAPTER 4 ACCULTURATION Vignette: “Call me ‘Jessie,’ not ‘Josefina!’” Generational Differences and Acculturation Defining Acculturation Acculturative Stress Early Definitions Acculturative Stress and Reason for Acculturation, Assimilation, and Segmented Migration Assimilation Measuring Acculturation Models of Acculturation Levels of Acculturation Ethnogenesis Chapter Summary Emphasis on the Individual Key Terms The Role of Social Context Learning by Doing Biculturalism Enculturation Suggested Further Readings V I G N E T T E “C all me ‘Jessie,’ not ‘Josefina!’” Josefina was born in Chicago’s heavily Latino Little Pilsen neighborhood. Carlos and Maria, her parents, left Puerto Rico in their early 20s and met in Chicago while working at a factory. Carlos and Maria miss the island and their relatives and Puerto Rican food. Fortunately, Little Pilsen had a good number of markets that sold all the food staples that Carlos and Maria missed including plantains (Continued) 99 100 –G–THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES (Continued) and gandules. Carlos often expresses concern for how his kids are not as respectful and courteous as he had been as a teen and blames the American culture for having spoiled his children. He always speaks in Spanish to them and he is often accused by the children of being old-fashioned. Maria speaks English more fluently than her husband and feels perfectly comfortable among her White friends as well as among her Latino neighbors. Josefina is fully bilingual, having learned Spanish at home and English while attending school. She is as comfortable eating rice with gandules as a hamburger at the fast food outlet. -
Culture in Humans and Other Animals
Biol Philos (2013) 28:457–479 DOI 10.1007/s10539-012-9347-x Culture in humans and other animals Grant Ramsey Received: 12 March 2012 / Accepted: 30 September 2012 / Published online: 16 October 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 Abstract The study of animal culture is a flourishing field, with culture being recorded in a wide range of taxa, including non-human primates, birds, cetaceans, and rodents. In spite of this research, however, the concept of culture itself remains elusive. There is no universally assented to concept of culture, and there is debate over the connection between culture and related concepts like tradition and social learning. Furthermore, it is not clear whether culture in humans and culture in non- human animals is really the same thing, or merely loose analogues that go by the same name. The purpose of this paper is to explicate core desiderata for a concept of culture and then to construct a concept that meets these desiderata. The paper then applies this concept in both humans and non-human animals. Keywords Behavior Á Culture Á Epigenetic Á Evolution Á Innovation Á Social learning Á Tradition Introduction The study of culture in animals1 is a burgeoning area of research. Biologists, psychologists, and biological anthropologists are increasingly interested in the study of culture and are routinely describing the behavior of animals—from rats to sperm whales—in terms of culture (Laland and Galef 2009). Additionally, the field of 1 To avoid repeated uses of ‘non-human’, I will use ‘animal’ in what follows, not as picking out the Anamalia, but as denoting all non-human animals. -
Culture and 2 Social Structures
Unit Culture and 2 Social Structures 68 Chapter 3 Culture Chapter 4 Socialization Chapter 5 Social Structure and Society Chapter 6 Groups and Formal Organizations Chapter 7 Deviance and Social Control 69 Chapter 3 Culture Sections 1. The Basis of Culture 2. Language and Culture 3. Norms and Values 4. Beliefs and Material Culture 5. Cultural Diversity and Similarity Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you will be able to • explain how culture and heredity affect social behavior. • describe how language and culture are related. • name the essential components of culture. • discuss how cultural diversity is promoted within a society. • understand the role of ethnocentrism in society. • identify similarities in cultures around the world. 70 Applying Sociology The crowing rooster wakes Jabu very early. Already her mother has carried a bucket of water from the village tap and put it on the fire to heat. Bread is laid out on a newspaper on the ground, ready to be cut and spread with jam. Meanwhile, Jabu wraps her baby brother in a blanket and ties him on her back, soothing him with a melody as she begins her chores. The goats must be milked and the cattle need to be watered. After her chores, Jabu dresses for the two-mile walk to school. On the way, she stops to greet a village elder who asks about her father who works in the distant diamond mines. By the time she arrives at school, Jabu sees that school assem- bly has already begun. The headmistress decides to set an example of Jabu and calls her up front to slap her hand with a ruler. -
University Microfilms International 300 N
CHILDBIRTH THROUGH CHILDREN'S EYES Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Anderson, Sandra VanDam, 1943- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 13:47:18 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298719 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. -
Global Mindset and Cross-Cultural Behavior
Global Mindset and Cross-Cultural Behavior Wim den Dekker Global Mindset and Cross-Cultural Behavior Improving Leadership Effectiveness Wim den Dekker Barendrecht , Th e Netherlands ISBN 978-1-137-50990-1 ISBN 978-1-137-50992-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-50992-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016953099 © Th e Editor(s) (if applicable) and Th e Author(s) 2016 Th e author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identifi ed as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Th is work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Th e use of general descriptive names, registered names, , trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publica- tion does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Th e publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.