Pipe About Nucor Skyline

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Nucor Skyline, your true project partner

We are a premier steel foundation manufacturer and supplier, serving the North American market. Skyline Steel, LLC (doing business as Nucor Skyline) is a Nucor company, the largest producer of steel in the United States, and this relationship strengthens our ability to service our customers and the industry.

• Over 20 Sales Offices in North America • Manufacturing, Coating and Fabrication Expertise • Dozens of Stocking Locations • Exclusive Engineering Support

Our flagship products include an unparalleled assortment of:

• H-Piles • Geostructural Products • Steel Sheet Piles • Wide Flange and other Structural Sections • Pipe Piles • Piling Accessories

Nucor Skyline’s knowledgeable engineering team works with owners, engineers, and contractors long before ground is broken. To ensure seamless project coordination and completion, our engineers propose solutions throughout all aspects of design, material selection, installation, and construction sequencing. Skyline’s engineering support is extended even further to include provision of onsite assistance after a project has started. Our relationships extends beyond sales – we are your true project partner. Steel Pipe from Nucor Skyline

Nucor Skyline has vast experience in manufacturing pipe piling products for the North American steel foundation industry. With Table of Contents our strategically located manufacturing plants, we can service the PRODUCT DATA needs of any public or private project throughout the region. ERW Pipe ...... 2 Spiralweld Pipe ...... 4 • Wide Range of Diameters, Thicknesses and Lengths Rolled & Welded Pipe...... 6 − ERW Straight Seam: From 2-3/8” to 24” OD; Micropile ...... 8 Up to 0.625” Thickness PRODUCT DETAIL − Spiralweld: Up to 120” OD; 1” Thickness Available Pipe Manufacturing Specifications...... 10 − Rolled & Welded: Up to 204” OD; 2.25” Thickness Available Steel Specifications. . . . 11 − Micropile: 5.5” – 20” OD; Prime and Secondary Specialty Fabrication...... 12 Quality Control...... 13 • Custom Lengths and Thicknesses Increasing Durability...... 14

APPLICATIONS • Custom Fabrication Services Bearing Piles...... 17 • Spiralweld Pipe Accepted by DOTs in Seismically Active Areas Drilled Shaft...... 17 Combined Wall Systems...... 18 • In-house and Third-Party Testing Capabilities Structural Sections...... 18 Threaded Micropile Casing. . . . . 19 • Melted and Manufactured in the USA Sign Poles, Towers, and Transmission Lines...... 19 Mining...... 19 Jacked & Bored ...... 20 Line Pipe...... 20 ERW Pipe

DO APPROXIMATE VALUES Pipe Weight (lbs/ft) = 10.69*t*(D -t) DI O DO (in) - outside diameter t t (in) - thickness of pipe

Pipe Weight (kg/m) = 0.0247*t*(DO-t)

DO (mm) - outside diameter t (mm) - thickness of pipe

PIPE WEIGHT lbs/ft (kg/m) Outside Coating Wall Thickness (t) in (mm) Diameter (DO) Area in 0.179 0.188 0.203 0.219 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.562 0.625 ft²/ft (mm) 4.55 4.78 5.16 5.56 6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 14.29 15.88 m²/m

2 3/8 4.22 4.38 4.72 5.02 0.62 60.33 6.29 6.54 7.03 7.52 0.19 2 7/8 5.18 5.39 5.79 6.21 7.02 0.75 73.03 7.72 8.03 8.65 9.26 10.46 0.23 3 1/2 6.38 6.64 7.16 7.58 8.69 0.92 88.90 9.51 9.90 10.67 11.44 12.95 0.28 4 7.34 7.66 8.24 8.84 10.02 12.33 14.53 1.05 101.60 10.94 11.39 12.29 13.18 14.94 18.36 21.66 0.32 4 1/2 8.30 8.64 9.33 10.01 11.36 13.99 16.54 1.18 114.30 12.37 12.89 13.91 14.92 16.93 20.85 24.61 0.36 6 5/8 12.38 12.92 13.94 14.98 17.02 21.04 25.03 32.71 36.42 1.73 168.28 18.46 19.23 20.79 22.33 25.40 31.44 37.35 48.80 54.34 0.53 7 13.10 13.65 14.75 15.59 18.04 22.34 26.50 34.74 38.68 1.83 177.80 19.53 20.36 22.00 23.64 26.89 33.30 39.59 51.79 57.57 0.56 8 5/8 16.22 16.94 18.29 19.66 22.36 27.81 33.04 43.43 48.48 53.45 2.26 219.08 24.18 25.21 27.26 29.30 33.36 41.39 49.30 64.74 72.27 79.68 0.69 9 5/8 18.08 18.97 20.45 22.02 25.06 31.06 37.08 48.77 54.46 60.14 2.52 244.48 26.90 28.23 30.43 32.77 46.23 46.23 55.19 72.59 81.04 89.50 0.77 10 3/4 20.23 21.23 22.89 24.65 28.06 34.81 40.52 54.79 61.22 67.66 2.81 273.05 30.10 31.59 34.06 36.69 41.76 51.81 60.30 81.54 91.10 100.69 0.86 12 22.62 23.74 25.60 27.58 31.40 38.98 46.60 61.47 68.73 76.01 3.14 304.80 33.66 35.33 38.10 41.04 46.73 58.01 69.35 91.49 102.28 113.12 0.96 12 3/4 24.05 25.25 27.23 29.34 33.41 41.48 49.61 65.48 73.23 81.02 3.34 323.85 35.80 37.57 40.52 43.66 49.71 61.74 73.83 97.45 108.99 120.58 1.02 14 26.45 27.76 29.94 32.26 36.75 45.65 54.62 72.16 80.74 89.37 3.67 355.60 39.36 41.31 44.56 48.01 54.69 67.94 81.28 107.38 120.16 133.01 1.12 16 30.27 31.78 34.28 36.95 42.09 52.32 62.64 82.85 92.83 102.72 4.19 406.40 45.05 47.29 51.02 54.98 62.64 77.87 93.21 123.29 138.38 153.13 1.28 18 47.44 58.99 70.65 93.54 104.76 116.09 4.71 457.20 70.59 87.79 105.15 139.20 155.90 156.30 1.44 20 52.78 65.66 78.67 104.23 116.88 129.45 5.24 508.00 78.55 97.72 117.08 155.11 174.23 192.64 1.60 24 79.01 94.71 125.61 140.93 156.17 6.28 609.6 117.57 140.94 186.92 210.09 232.41 1.92

Please inquire about additional diameters and thicknesses.

Maximum Rolled Lengths*** Formulas ERW 80 feet (24.4 m) Cross Section Moment of Section Radius of *** Longer lengths may be possible upon request. Area Inertia Modulus Gyration

A Ixx Sxx rxx

2 Nucor Skyline: Pipe ERW Pipe

Manufacturing Process Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) pipe is manufactured by cold forming a flat steel strip into a rounded tube by passing it through a series of forming rollers to obtain a longitudinal seam. The two edges are then simultaneously heated with a high frequency current and squeezed together to produce a bond. The longitudinal ERW seam does not require filler metal while impurities in the heat affected zone are extruded during the welding process.

UNCOILING & FLATTENING COIL JOINING EDGE TRIMMING FORMING Incoming coils are peeled and Coil ends are joined together Slitter blades and edge milling The forming process begins at unwrapped for presentation into with a butt weld to produce a trims strip edges to provide the the Breakdown Pass where the the flattener rolls. Flattening continuous strip. precise strip width required material is gradually bent from a removes the coil set to produce a during the forming and ERW seam flat steel strip into a rounded tube flat steel strip. welding process. for presentation to the ERW seam welder.

WELDING Quality Control PIPE SIZING/STRAIGHTENING PIPE CUTTING A high frequency electrical current Once the welding is complete, the The Sizing Section squeezes the The flying cut-off saw attaches to flows through contact tips into the finished pipe is visually inspected welded pipe into the precise the pipe as it is being produced strip edges to produce the heat by Quality Control (QC) and, if roundness, outer diameter, and and cuts the pipe to the length required for bonding the strip required, Ultrasonic (UT) testing is straightness tolerances specified specified by the customer. edges together as the material performed to ensure the weld is by the customer. passes through the weld roll defect-free. stand.

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 3 Spiralweld Pipe

DO APPROXIMATE VALUES Pipe Weight (lbs/ft) = 10.69*t*(D -t) DI O DO (in) - outside diameter t t (in) - thickness of pipe

Pipe Weight (kg/m) = 0.0247*t*(DO-t)

DO (mm) - outside diameter t (mm) - thickness of pipe

PIPE WEIGHT lbs/ft(kg/m) Outside Coating Diameter (D ) Wall Thickness (t) in (mm) O Area in (mm) 0.188 0.203 0.219 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 1.000 ft²/ft 4.78 5.16 5.56 6.35 7.92 9.53 12.70 15.88 19.05 25.40 m²/m

16 31.78 34.28 36.95 42.09 52.32 62.64 82.85 4.19 406.4 47.29 51.02 54.98 62.64 77.87 93.21 123.29 1.28 18 35.80 38.62 41.63 47.44 58.99 70.65 93.54 116.09 4.71 457.2 53.27 57.47 61.95 70.59 87.79 105.15 139.20 172.78 1.44 20 39.82 42.96 46.31 52.78 65.66 78.67 104.23 129.45 5.24 508.0 59.25 63.93 68.92 78.55 97.72 117.08 155.11 192.64 1.60 24 47.86 51.64 55.67 63.47 79.01 94.71 125.61 156.17 186.41 245.87 6.28 609.6 71.22 76.85 82.85 94.46 117.57 140.94 186.92 232.41 277.40 365.94 1.92 30 79.51 99.02 118.76 157.68 196.26 234.51 310.01 7.85 762.0 118.32 147.36 176.73 234.65 292.07 348.99 461.35 2.39 36 95.54 119.03 142.81 189.75 236.35 282.62 374.15 9.43 914.4 142.18 177.14 212.53 282.38 351.73 420.58 556.80 2.87 42 111.58 139.04 166.86 221.82 276.44 330.72 438.29 11.00 1067 116.05 206.92 248.32 330.10 411.38 492.17 652.25 3.35 48 127.61 159.05 190.92 253.89 316.52 378.83 502.43 12.57 1219 189.91 236.70 284.12 377.83 471.04 563.76 747.70 3.83 54 214.97 285.96 356.61 426.93 566.57 14.14 1372 319.91 425.55 530.70 635.35 843.15 4.31 60 239.02 318.03 396.70 475.04 630.71 15.71 1524 355.70 473.28 590.35 706.93 938.60 4.79 72 287.13 382.17 476.87 571.25 758.99 18.85 1829 427.29 568.73 709.67 850.11 1129.50 5.75 84 446.31 557.05 667.46 887.27 21.99 2134 664.18 828.98 993.29 1320.41 6.70 96 510.45 637.22 763.67 1015.55 25.13 2438 759.63 948.30 1136.46 1511.31 7.66 108 574.59 717.40 859.88 1143.83 28.27 2743 855.08 1067.61 1279.64 1702.21 8.62 120 797.57 958.09 1272.11 31.42 3048 1186.92 1422.82 1893.11 9.58

Please inquire about additional diameters and thicknesses.

Maximum Rolled Lengths*** Formulas Spiralweld 130 feet (39.6 m) Cross Section Moment of Section Radius of *** Longer lengths may be possible upon request. Area Inertia Modulus Gyration

A Ixx Sxx rxx

4 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Spiralweld Pipe

Manufacturing Process The spiralweld manufacturing process is one of the most cost effective ways to produce steel pipe. Spiralweld pipe is manufactured from steel coil and typically utilizes a helical double submerged arc weld (DSAW). The mill setup offers a varying degree of flexibility, allowing for production of a wide range of pipe diameters and wall thicknesses. As a result, Nucor Skyline is able to offer spiralweld products for structural and non-structural applications.

UNCOILING FLATTENing JOINING OF THE COIL ENDS EDGE MILLING Upon receipt of the coil, it is The strip of coil is introduced into As the coil continues to move The edges of the coil are trimmed placed on a horizontal un- the flattener through a roll stand through the straightener, the with carbide teeth to prepare for coiler mandrel and fed into the and the coil set is removed. leading and trailing edges of the welding. straightener. strip are trimmed in preparation for butt welding – coil to coil.

PIPE SPIRALING PIPE WELDING Quality Control PIPE CUT-OFF The strip of coil enters the three The welding system welds Once the welding is complete, the Once the pipe reaches the desired roll apparatus composed of lead, the pipe, first along the inside finished pipe is visually inspected length, the cut-off machine is buttress and mandrel roll sets. At diameter and then along the by Quality Control (QC) and, if engaged. Traveling with the pipe, a this stage, the coil starts to form outside diameter, using a required, Ultrasonic (UT) testing is plasma torch provides the cut-off the spiral shape that will then submerged arc welding process. performed to ensure the weld is of the finished pipe. Specific end become pipe. defect-free. props, such as bevel or square cut ends, can be requested to allow for simpler splicing in the field.

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 5 Rolled & Welded Pipe

DO APPROXIMATE VALUES Pipe Weight (lbs/ft) = 10.69*t*(D -t) DI O DO (in) - outside diameter t t (in) - thickness of pipe

Pipe Weight (kg/m) = 0.0247*t*(DO-t)

DO (mm) - outside diameter t (mm) - thickness of pipe

PIPE WEIGHT lbs/ft (kg/m) Outside Coating Diameter Area (DO) Wall Thickness (t) in (mm) in ft²/ft (mm) 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.562 0.625 0.688 0.750 0.875 1.000 1.250 1.375 1.50 - 2.25 m²/m 6.35 7.92 9.52 11.13 12.70 14.27 15.87 17.48 19.05 22.22 25.40 31.75 34.92 38.10 - 57.15 24 63.47 79.01 94.71 110.32 125.61 140.81 156.18 171.46 186.41 6.28 609.6 94.47 117.59 140.96 164.20 186.95 209.58 232.44 255.18 277.44 1.92 30 79.51 99.02 118.76 138.42 157.68 176.86 196.26 215.58 234.51 272.43 310.01 7.85 762.0 118.34 147.37 176.76 206.01 234.68 263.23 292.11 320.86 349.04 405.47 461.41 2.39 36 95.54 119.03 142.81 166.51 189.75 212.91 236.35 259.71 282.62 328.55 374.15 464.35 9.42 914.4 142.20 177.16 212.56 247.83 282.41 316.88 351.77 386.54 420.64 489.00 556.87 691.12 2.87 42 111.58 139.04 166.87 194.61 221.82 248.95 276.44 303.84 330.73 384.68 438.30 544.53 597.14 11.00 1066.8 166.07 206.94 248.35 289.64 330.15 370.53 411.44 452.22 492.23 572.53 652.34 810.45 888.76 Max. wall 3.35 48 127.61 159.05 190.92 222.70 253.89 285.00 316.53 347.97 378.83 440.80 502.44 624.71 685.34 thickness of 12.57 1.50" (38.1mm). 1219.2 189.93 236.73 284.15 331.45 377.88 424.18 471.10 517.90 563.83 656.06 747.80 929.78 1020.02 Please call 3.83 54 143.65 179.07 214.97 250.79 285.96 321.05 356.62 392.10 426.94 496.92 566.58 704.88 773.53 for weight. 14.14 1371.6 213.80 266.51 319.95 373.27 425.61 477.83 530.77 583.58 635.43 739.59 843.26 1049.11 1151.28 4.31 60 159.68 199.08 239.02 278.89 318.03 357.10 396.70 436.23 475.04 553.05 630.72 785.06 861.73 Max. wall 15.71 1524.0 237.66 296.30 355.75 415.08 473.34 531.48 590.43 649.26 707.03 823.13 938.73 1168.44 1282.54 thickness of 4.79 1.625" (41.3mm). 66 175.72 219.09 263.08 306.98 350.10 393.14 436.79 480.35 523.15 609.17 694.86 865.23 949.92 Please call 17.28 1676.4 261.53 326.08 391.55 456.89 521.07 585.13 650.10 714.94 778.63 906.66 1034.19 1287.77 1413.81 for weight. 5.27 72 191.75 239.10 287.13 335.07 382.17 429.19 476.88 524.49 571.25 665.29 759.00 945.41 1038.11 18.85 1828.8 285.40 355.87 427.35 498.70 568.80 638.78 709.76 780.62 850.22 990.19 1129.65 1407.10 1545.07 5.75 78 207.79 259.11 311.18 363.17 414.24 465.24 516.97 568.62 619.36 721.42 823.14 1025.59 1126.31 Max. wall 20.42 1981.2 309.26 385.65 463.15 540.52 616.54 692.43 769.43 846.30 921.82 1073.72 1225.12 1526.42 1676.33 thickness of 6.22 1.75" (44.4mm). 84 223.82 279.13 335.24 391.26 446.31 501.28 557.06 612.74 667.47 777.54 887.28 1105.76 1214.50 Please call 21.99 2133.6 333.13 415.44 498.95 582.33 664.27 746.08 829.09 911.98 993.42 1157.25 1320.58 1645.75 1807.60 for weight. 6.70 90 239.86 299.14 359.29 419.35 478.38 537.33 597.14 656.87 715.57 833.66 951.42 1185.94 1302.69 23.56 2286.0 356.99 445.22 534.75 624.14 712.00 799.73 888.76 977.65 1065.02 1240.78 1416.04 1765.08 1938.86 7.18 96 255.90 319.15 383.34 447.45 510.45 573.38 637.23 701.00 763.68 889.79 1015.56 1266.11 1390.89 25.13 2438.4 380.86 475.01 570.54 665.96 759.73 853.38 948.42 1043.33 1136.61 1324.31 1511.51 1884.41 2070.12 7.66 102 271.93 339.16 407.39 475.54 542.52 609.43 677.32 745.13 811.78 945.91 1079.70 1346.29 1479.08 Max. wall 26.70 2590.8 404.73 504.79 606.34 707.77 807.46 907.03 1008.09 1109.01 1208.21 1407.84 1606.97 2003.74 2201.38 thickness of 8.14 2.00" (50.8mm). 108 287.97 359.17 431.45 503.64 574.60 645.47 717.41 789.26 859.89 1002.03 1143.85 1426.47 1567.27 Please call 28.27 2743.2 428.59 534.58 642.14 749.58 855.20 960.69 1067.75 1174.69 1279.81 1491.37 1702.44 2123.07 2332.65 for weight. 8.62 114 304.00 379.19 455.50 531.73 606.67 681.52 757.50 833.39 907.99 1058.16 1207.99 1506.64 1655.47 29.85 2895.6 452.46 564.36 677.94 791.40 902.93 1014.34 1127.42 1240.37 1351.41 1574.90 1797.90 2242.40 2463.91 9.10 120 320.04 399.20 479.55 559.82 638.74 717.57 797.58 877.52 956.10 1114.28 1272.13 1586.82 1743.66 31.42 3048.0 476.32 594.14 713.74 833.21 950.66 1067.99 1187.08 1306.05 1423.01 1658.43 1893.36 2361.73 2595.17 9.58 126 419.21 503.61 587.92 670.81 753.61 837.67 921.65 1004.21 1170.40 1336.27 1666.99 1831.86 32.99 3200.4 623.93 749.54 875.02 998.39 1121.64 1246.75 1371.73 1494.60 1741.96 1988.83 2481.06 2726.43 10.05 132 439.22 527.66 616.01 702.88 789.66 877.76 965.78 1052.31 1226.53 1400.41 1747.17 1920.05 34.56 3352.8 653.71 785.34 916.84 1046.12 1175.29 1306.41 1437.41 1566.20 1825.49 2084.29 2600.39 2857.70 10.53 138 551.71 644.10 734.95 825.71 917.85 1009.90 1100.42 1282.65 1464.55 1827.35 2008.24 36.13 3505 821.14 958.65 1093.85 1228.94 1366.08 1503.09 1637.80 1909.03 2179.75 2719.75 2988.96 Max. wall 11.01 144 575.76 672.20 767.02 861.76 957.94 1054.03 1148.52 1338.77 1528.69 1907.52 2096.44 thickness of 37.70 2.25" (57.1mm). 3657.6 856.94 1000.46 1141.59 1282.59 1425.74 1568.77 1709.40 1992.56 2275.22 2839.05 3120.22 Please call 11.49 150 599.82 700.29 799.09 897.80 998.02 1098.16 1196.63 1394.90 1592.83 1987.70 2184.63 for weight. 39.27 3810.0 892.73 1042.28 1189.32 1336.24 1485.41 1634.44 1780.99 2076.09 2370.68 2958.38 3251.48 11.97 156 623.87 728.39 831.16 933.85 1038.11 1142.29 1244.73 1451.02 1656.97 2067.87 2272.82 40.84 3962.4 928.53 1084.09 1237.05 1389.89 1545.07 1700.12 1852.59 2159.62 2466.15 3077.71 3382.75 12.45 162 756.48 863.23 969.90 1078.20 1186.42 1292.84 1507.14 1721.11 2148.05 2361.02 42.41 4114.8 1125.90 1284.78 1443.54 1604.73 1765.80 1924.19 2243.15 2561.61 3197.04 3514.01 12.93 168 784.57 895.30 1005.94 1118.29 1230.55 1340.94 1563.27 1785.25 2228.23 2449.21 43.98 4267.2 1167.71 1332.51 1497.19 1664.40 1831.48 1995.79 2326.68 2657.07 3316.37 3645.27 13.41 169-204 Please call for weight. 4293 - 5182

Maximum Rolled Lengths* Formulas Rolled & Welded 120 feet (36.6 m) Cross Section Moment of Section Radius of * Longer lengths may be possible upon request. Area Inertia Modulus Gyration

A Ixx Sxx rxx

6 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Rolled & Welded Pipe

Manufacturing Process Rolled & welded pipe is one of the oldest processes of manufacturing steel pipe. This manufacturing process is utilized when the pipe wall thickness exceeds the capabilities of the ERW and spiralweld manufacturing processes.

PLATE CUTTING BEVELING BENDING The raw material – pieces of flat A single flat sheet of steel plate After the plate is cut, it is After beveling, the plate is steel plate – is received into our is cut on a burning table using transferred to the beveling station transferred to the bending rolls. manufacturing plant. plasma or cutting gases. This plate where the plate edges are beveled Nucor Skyline uses a 4-roll system is cut according to the required and prepped for welding. to produce a true cylinder, also width and length for each referred to as a can. individual can that will form the final product.

WELDING CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDING QUALITY CONTROL FINISHED PIPE The can is then staged for During this last step of the Once the welding is complete, the The finished pipe is then removed longitudinal welding (Long Seam). manufacturing process, cans are finished pipe is visually inspected and ready for delivery. During this process, the seam fit together using the submerged by Quality Control (QC) and, if between the two plates is welded arc weld (SAW) process, according required, Ultrasonic (UT) testing is on both the inside and outside. to customer requirements for performed to ensure the weld is specific lengths. defect-free.

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 7 Micropile

Threaded Casing for Micropile

Prime Domestic Casing

Cross Total External Outside Inside Sectional Area of Internal Surface Moment Section Coating Diameter Thickness Diameter Weight Area Shaft Volume Area of Inertia Modulus Area

in in in lbs/ft in2 in2 ft3/ft ft2/ft in4 in3 ft²/ft mm mm mm kg/m cm2 cm2 m3/m m2/m cm4 cm3 m²/m 7.000 0.472 6.056 32.94 9.68 38.48 0.200 1.83 51.83 14.81 1.83 Cross Sectional Area 177.800 11.989 153.822 49.02 62.45 248.29 0.019 0.56 2157.45 242.68 0.56 7.000 0.500 6.000 34.74 10.21 38.48 0.196 1.83 54.24 15.50 1.83 177.800 12.700 152.400 51.71 65.87 248.29 0.018 0.56 2257.70 253.96 0.56 8.625 0.500 7.625 43.43 12.76 58.43 0.32 2.26 105.72 24.51 2.26 219.075 12.700 193.675 64.63 82.34 376.94 0.029 0.69 4400.36 401.65 0.69 9.625 0.472 8.681 46.18 13.57 72.76 0.411 2.52 142.51 29.61 2.52 244.475 11.989 220.497 68.74 87.56 469.42 0.038 0.77 5931.72 485.26 0.77 9.625 0.500 8.625 48.77 14.33 72.76 0.406 2.52 149.63 31.09 2.52 Total Area of Shaft 244.475 12.700 219.075 72.59 92.47 469.42 0.038 0.77 6228.24 509.52 0.77 9.625 0.545 8.535 52.90 15.55 72.76 0.397 2.52 160.80 33.41 2.52 244.475 13.843 216.789 78.74 100.30 469.42 0.037 0.77 6692.84 547.53 0.77 10.750 0.472 9.806 51.86 15.24 90.76 0.524 2.81 201.67 37.52 2.81 273.050 11.989 249.072 77.19 98.33 585.56 0.049 0.86 8394.17 614.84 0.86 10.750 0.500 9.750 54.79 16.10 90.76 0.518 2.81 211.95 39.43 2.81 273.050 12.700 247.650 81.54 103.88 585.56 0.048 0.86 8822.03 646.18 0.86 10.750 0.545 9.660 59.46 17.47 90.76 0.509 2.81 228.10 42.44 2.81 273.050 13.843 245.364 88.49 112.73 585.56 0.047 0.86 9494.39 695.43 0.86 12.750 0.500 11.750 65.48 19.24 127.68 0.753 3.34 361.54 56.71 3.34 323.850 12.700 298.450 97.45 124.14 823.72 0.070 1.02 15048.59 929.36 1.02 14.000 0.500 13.000 72.16 21.21 153.94 0.922 3.67 483.76 69.11 3.67 External Surface Area 355.600 12.700 330.200 107.40 136.81 993.15 0.086 1.12 20135.45 1132.48 1.12 16.000 0.500 15.000 82.85 24.35 201.06 1.227 4.19 731.94 91.49 4.19 406.400 12.700 381.000 123.31 157.08 1297.17 0.114 1.28 30465.73 1499.30 1.28

Contact your Nucor Skyline representative for additional diameters, lengths, and starter details.

Nucor Skyline can provide threaded micropile casing up to 40 feet.

8 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Micropile

Threaded Casing for Micropile

Secondary Casing

Cross External Coating Outside Thickness Inside Weight Sectional Total Area Internal Surface Moment Section Area Diameter Diameter Area of Shaft Volume Area of Inertia Modulus in in in lbs/ft in2 in2 ft3/ft ft2/ft in4 in3 ft²/ft mm mm mm kg/m cm2 cm2 m3/m m2/m cm4 cm3 m²/m

5.5 0.415 4.670 22.56 6.63 23.76 0.12 1.44 21.57 7.84 1.44 Cross Sectional Area 139.700 10.541 118.618 33.57 42.77 153.28 0.011 0.44 897.80 128.47 0.44 6.625 0.432 5.761 28.60 8.40 34.47 0.18 1.73 40.49 12.22 1.73 168.275 10.973 146.329 42.56 54.23 222.40 0.017 0.53 1685.31 200.25 0.53 7 0.408 6.184 28.75 8.45 38.48 0.21 1.83 46.07 13.16 1.83 177.800 10.363 157.073 42.79 54.51 248.29 0.019 0.56 1917.56 215.65 0.56 7 0.453 6.094 31.70 9.32 38.48 0.20 1.83 50.16 14.33 1.83 177.800 11.506 154.787 47.18 60.11 248.29 0.019 0.56 2087.80 234.83 0.56 7 0.500 6.000 34.74 10.21 38.48 0.20 1.83 54.24 15.50 1.83 177.800 12.700 152.400 51.70 65.87 248.29 0.018 0.56 2257.62 254.00 0.56 Total Area of Shaft 7.625 0.430 6.765 33.07 9.72 45.66 0.25 2.00 63.12 16.56 2.00 193.675 10.922 171.831 49.21 62.71 294.60 0.023 0.61 2627.23 271.31 0.61 7.625 0.500 6.625 38.08 11.19 45.66 0.24 2.00 71.37 18.72 2.00 193.675 12.700 168.275 56.67 72.21 294.60 0.022 0.61 2970.62 306.76 0.61 8.625 0.562 7.501 48.44 14.24 58.43 0.31 2.26 116.25 26.96 2.26 219.075 14.275 190.525 72.09 91.84 376.94 0.029 0.69 4838.65 441.79 0.69 9.625 0.472 8.681 46.18 13.57 72.76 0.41 2.52 142.51 29.61 2.52 244.475 11.989 220.497 68.73 87.56 469.42 0.038 0.77 5931.67 485.22 0.77 9.625 0.545 8.535 52.90 15.55 72.76 0.40 2.52 160.80 33.41 2.52 244.475 13.843 216.789 78.73 100.30 469.42 0.037 0.77 6692.95 547.49 0.77 10.75 0.500 9.750 54.79 16.10 90.76 0.52 2.81 211.95 39.43 2.81 273.050 12.700 247.650 81.54 103.87 585.56 0.048 0.86 8821.95 646.14 0.86 External Surface Area 10.75 0.545 9.660 59.46 17.47 90.76 0.51 2.81 228.10 42.44 2.81 273.050 13.843 245.364 88.49 112.73 585.56 0.047 0.86 9494.16 695.46 0.86 10.75 0.595 9.560 64.59 18.98 90.76 0.50 2.81 245.53 45.68 2.81 273.050 15.113 242.824 96.12 122.47 585.56 0.046 0.86 10219.65 748.56 0.86 11.875 0.582 10.711 70.26 20.65 110.75 0.63 3.11 330.04 55.59 3.11 301.624 14.783 272.059 104.56 133.21 714.53 0.058 0.95 13737.19 910.95 0.95 12.75 0.500 11.750 65.48 19.24 127.68 0.75 3.34 361.54 56.71 3.34 323.849 12.700 298.449 97.45 124.14 823.71 0.070 1.02 15048.31 929.31 1.02 13.375 0.480 12.415 66.17 19.45 140.50 0.84 3.50 404.73 60.52 3.50 339.724 12.192 315.340 98.47 125.45 906.45 0.078 1.07 16846.00 991.74 1.07 13.375 0.514 12.347 70.67 20.77 140.50 0.83 3.50 430.07 64.31 3.50 339.724 13.056 313.613 105.17 133.98 906.45 0.077 1.07 17900.72 1053.85 1.07 16 0.375 15.25 62.64 18.41 201.06 1.27 4.19 562.08 70.26 4.19 406.4 9.525 387.35 93.23 118.76 1333.17 0.12 1.28 23395.71 1151.36 1.28 16 0.438 15.124 72.87 21.41 201.06 1.25 4.19 648.75 81.09 4.19 406.4 11.125 384.15 108.45 138.15 1333.17 0.12 1.28 27002.81 1328.88 1.28 16 0.495 15.01 82.04 24.11 201.06 1.23 4.19 725.31 90.66 4.19 406.4 12.573 381.254 122.11 155.56 1333.17 0.11 1.28 30189.62 1485.71 1.28 18 0.435 17.13 81.68 24 254.47 1.60 4.71 926.32 102.93 4.71 457.2 11.049 435.102 121.57 154.87 1641.73 0.15 1.44 38856.25 1686.63 1.44 20 0.438 19.124 91.59 26.92 314.16 1.99 5.24 1288.22 128.82 5.24 508 11.125 485.75 136.12 173.66 2026.83 0.19 1.60 53619.94 2111.02 1.60 20 0.635 18.73 131.45 38.63 314.16 1.91 5.24 1812.81 181.28 5.24 508 16.129 475.742 195.65 249.23 2026.83 0.18 1.60 75454.95 2970.67 1.60

Contact your Nucor Skyline representative for additional diameters, lengths, and starter details.

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 9 AvailableSpiralweld Pipe Pipe Manufacturing Specifications

Nucor Skyline pipe is manufactured according to the following pipe specifications which provide guidance on manufacturing processes, dimensional requirements and tolerances.

Available Steel Pipe Grades Yield Strength Manufacturing Process ASTM ksi MPa ERW Spiralweld Rolled & Welded A 139 Grade A 30 205 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 139 Grade B 35 240 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 139 Grade C 42 290 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 139 Grade D 46 315 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 139 Grade E 52 360 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 252 Grade 1 30 205 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 252 Grade 2 35 240 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 252 Grade 3 45 310 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 252 Grade 3 (Mod) 50 345 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 252 Grade 3 (Mod) 60 - 80* 415 - 550* ✔ ✔ ✔ A 500 Grade B 42 290 ✔ A 500 Grade C 50 345 ✔ A 1085 50 - 70 345 - 450 ✔

Highlighted fields represent the most commonly used and readily available steel grades. Additional grades available upon request. Please call with any questions or special requests.

*Availability is dependent on pipe diameter and thickness.

ASTM A252 ASTM A500/A500M This specification was written specifically for steel pipe “This specification covers cold-formed welded and piles and is the most common specification for this seam-less carbon steel round, square, rectangular, or application. “This specification covers nominal (average) special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or wall steel pipe piles of cylindrical shape and applies to bolted construction of bridges and buildings, and for pipe piles in which the steel cylinder acts as a permanent general structural purposes. This tubing is produced in load-carrying member, or as a shell to form cast-in-place both welded and seamless sizes with a periphery of 88 in. concrete piles…. The piles shall be made by the seamless, [2235 mm] or less, and a specified wall thickness of 1 in. electric resistance welded, flash welded, or fusion [25.4 mm] or less. Grade D requires heat treatment.” welded process. The seams of welded pipe piles shall be longitudinal, helical-butt, or helical-lap.” AWWA C200† “This standard describes electrically but-welded ASTM A139/A139M straight-seam or spiral-seam pipe and seamless pipe, “This specification covers five grades of electric-fusion 6 in. (150mm) in nominal diameter and larger, for the (arc)-welded straight-seam or helical-seam steel pipe. transmission and distribution of water or for use in other Pipe of NPS 4 and larger with nominal (average) wall water system facilities.” thickness of 1.0 in. [25.4mm] and less are covered. Listing of standardized dimensions are for reference. The grades of steel are pipe mill grades having mechanical properties which differ from standard plate grades. The pipe is intended for conveying liquid, gas or vapor.”

Source: ASTM International † Source: American Water Works Association (AWWA)

10 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Delivery Conditions & Standards

The pipe specifications have limited chemical and mechanical property requirements of the steel plate, sheet, or coil the pipe is manufactured from. The following ASTM requirements address these properties in more detail and may be specified in addition to the pipe grades if the design professional deems them to be necessary.

Available Steel Specifications

Yield Strength Manufacturing Process ASTM ksi MPa ERW Spiralweld Rolled & Welded A 36 36 250 ✔ A 516 Grade 55 30 205 ✔ A 516 Grade 60 32 220 ✔ A 516 Grade 65 35 240 ✔ A 516 Grade 70 38 260 ✔ A 572 Grade 42 42 290 ✔ A 572 Grade 50 50 345 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 572 Grade 55 55 380 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 572 Grade 60 60 415 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 572 Grade 65 65 450 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 588 50 345 ✔ ✔ ✔ A 690 50 345 ✔ ✔ A 709 50 345 ✔ ✔ A 1011/1018 50 345 ✔ ✔ Abrasion Resistant Brinell Hardness – 190 ✔ ✔

Highlighted fields represent the most commonly used and readily available steel grades. Additional grades available upon request. Please call with any questions or special requests.

ASTM A1011/A1011M ASTM A690/A690M “This specification covers hot-rolled, carbon, structural, “This specification covers high-strength low-alloy high-strength low-alloy, high-strength low-alloy with nickel, copper, phosphorus steel H-piles and sheet improved formability, and ultra-high strength steel piling of structural quality for use in the construction of sheet and strip, in coils and cut lengths.” Maximum coil dock walls, sea walls, bulkheads, excavations, and like thickness for this specification is 0.23 in. applications in marine environments.”

ASTM A1018/A1018M ASTM A709/A709M “This specification covers hot-rolled, heavy-thickness coils “This specification covers carbon and high-strength low- beyond the size limits of Specification A1011/A1011M.” alloy steel structural shapes, plates, and bars, quenched Coil thickness is from 0.23 in. to 1.000 in. and tempered alloy steel, and stainless steel for structural plates intended for use in bridges.” ASTM A572/A572M “This specification covers five grades of high-strength low-alloy structural steel shapes, plates, sheet piling, and bars. Grades 42 [290], 50 [345], and 55 [380] are intended for riveted, bolted, or welded structures. Grades 60 [415] and 65 [450] are intended for riveted or bolted construction of bridges, or for riveted, bolted, or welded construction in other applications.”

Source: ASTM International

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 11 Specialty Fabrication Services

Nucor Skyline pipe mills are capable of a wide variety of fabrication services. Please do not hesitate to call for any fabrication needs.

E22 Connector Attachment Cutting Shoes Leffer Ring

Backing Rings Pipe with Slots Conical Pipe Points

Custom Fabrication: Oscillator Casing Reducers Custom Fabrication

Conical Pipe Points Weld-on Splicer End Plate

12 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Quality Control

Certifications All weld systems are qualified and certified to AWS D1.1. Our mills are quality certified by the Steel Plate Fabricators Association (SPFA). Additionally, each plant is staffed with Certified Weld Inspectors to assure a quality weld in every pipe.

Qualifications • American Welding Society (AWS) • Steel Plate Fabricators Association − AWS Section 3 (SPFA) Quality Program − AWS Section 4 / ASME Section IX • Pre-qualified − AWS Section 4 WPS – Weld • Qualified by Test Procedure Specification • Weld Quality Control Plan (WQCP) − AWS Section 4 PQR - Procedure Qualification Test Record

Quality Assurance • Non-destructive Testing (NDT) • Destructive Testing • Custom Tests: Hoop Stresses, etc. − Visual Inspection (VI) − Tensile Strength Test: • Third-party Inspection − Inline Ultrasonic Testing (UT) Base Metal/Across the Weld • UT, RT, VI, Etch and Weld − Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) − Bend Test: Root, Face, Side Observations − Radiographic Testing / X-ray (RT) − Charpy Impact Test (CVN): • Procedure QA/QC Review Base Metal, Weld Metal, Heat − Hydrostatic Testing Affected Zone (HAZ) − Dye Penetration Testing (PT) − Macro Etch Testing

Manufacturing & Stocking Locations

Nucor Skyline has several manufacturing locations and dozens of stocking locations throughout North America. Our proximity to the water, coupled with our extensive distribution network allows for fast and efficient Nucor Skyline Stocking Locations delivery via truck, rail, or barge. Nucor Skyline Facilities

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 13 Increasing Durability

The durability of steel is a very important part of the commonly used for atmospheric protection, but should design process. Although most steel buried in the ground not be used in the permanent immersion, tidal, or splash does not need any protection from corrosion, there are zones. cases where it is necessary. As a steel section corrodes, it loses strength and the designer must ensure that the Protecting the steel through coating or painting is very section can carry its intended loads at the end of the common. Coating is relatively inexpensive and works well design life. Determining the design life of a pipe is a on exposed steel, but it can be damaged and once the straightforward process using the section properties, steel is exposed it will corrode at the normal rate. The corrosion rate and any corrosion protection measures. steel can also be protected using concrete encasement, jackets, or sleeves. The corrosion rate of a particular environment is critical when calculating the design life. Different soils and types Calculating the Design Life of a Pipe Pile of water will have varying influences on the rate of loss. There are tables on the following page which give average 1. Design Pipe Pile values for the loss, in thickness, in soil and water. These 2. Determine Internal and External Corrosion Rates values were gathered from measurements taken from 3. Determine Maximum Allowable Stress actual jobsites. If there is historical information available 4. Calculate Reduced Diameter and Thickness that will locally, that information should be used instead. The Result in Maximum Allowable Stress engineer should determine the rate for both the inside and outside of the pipe. It should be noted that soil resistivity 5. Calculate Section Loss is sometimes used to determine the corrosiveness of a soil 6. Calculate the Design Life Using Corrosion Rate and sample. This method for determining the corrosion rate Section Loss does not take into account the level of oxygen in the soil 7. If the Design Life is Too Low, Choose from One of the and should not be used. The steel will not corrode without Methods Below and Re-Calculate the Design Life oxygen or extremely acidic soil. Over Design Once the rate of loss has been determined, the reduced • Increase Diameter section properties and design life can be calculated. Increasing the design life of a steel pipe can be done in a • Increase Thickness variety of ways. Most of these will fall under three main • Increase Yield Strength categories; over design, corrosion rate reduction and steel • Splice Thicker Pipe Section into Pile in Area of High protection. Stress or High Corrosion

Over design is most often done by increasing the Corrosion Reduction thickness, diameter or steel grade. All of these methods will reduce the stress in the pipe. Although increasing the • A690 Steel — Salt Water Splash Zone Resistant Steel yield strength will not change the corrosion rate, it allows • A588 Steel — Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Steel the pipe to carry the same loads with a smaller thickness. • Cathodic Protection • Galvanization Reducing the corrosion rate can be done with specialty steels (A690 and A588) or with cathodic protection. Barrier ASTM A690 reduces the corrosion rate for steel in the splash zone in salt water. ASTM A588 is an atmospheric • Coating corrosion resistant steel. Cathodic protection involves • Concrete Encasement either sacrificial anodes or an impressed current system. • Sleeves or Jackets Both systems create a battery cell to prevent the loss of material from the exposed steel. Galvanization is

14 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Increasing Durability

Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Soil with or without Groundwater

5 Years 25 Years 50 Years 75 Years 100 Years Required design working life

in / mm

Undisturbed natural soils (sand, clay, schist, …) 0.000 0.012 0.024 0.035 0.047 0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20

Polluted natural soils and industrial grounds 0.006 0.030 0.059 0.089 0.118 0.15 0.75 1.50 2.25 3.00

Aggressive natural soils (swamp, marsh, peat, …) 0.008 0.039 0.069 0.098 0.128 0.20 1.00 1.75 2.50 3.25

Non-compacted and non-aggressive fills (clay, schist, sand, silt, …) 0.007 0.028 0.047 0.067 0.087 0.18 0.70 1.20 1.70 2.20

Non-compacted and aggressive fills (ashes, slag, …) 0.020 0.079 0.128 0.177 0.226 0.50 2.00 3.25 4.50 5.75

Notes: 1. Corrosion rates in compacted fills are lower than those in non-compacted ones. In compacted fills, the figures in the table should be divided by two. 2. The values given are only for guidance. Local conditions should be considered because they may affect the actual corrosion rate, which can be lower or higher than the average value given in the table. 3. The values given for 5 and 25 years are based on measurements, whereas the other values are extrapolated.

Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Fresh Water or in Sea Water

5 Years 25 Years 50 Years 75 Years 100 Years Required design working life

in / mm

Common fresh water (river, ship canal, …) in the zone of high attack 0.006 0.022 0.035 0.045 0.055 (water line) 0.15 0.55 0.90 1.15 1.40

Very polluted fresh water (sewage, industrial effluent, …) in the zone 0.012 0.051 0.091 0.130 0.169 of high attack (water line) 0.30 1.30 2.30 3.30 4.30

Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of high attack 0.022 0.074 0.148 0.220 0.295 (low water and splash zones) 0.55 1.90 3.75 5.60 7.50

Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of permanent immersion 0.010 0.035 0.069 0.102 0.138 or in the intertidal zone 0.25 0.90 1.75 2.60 3.50

Notes: 1. The highest corrosion rate is usually found at the splash zone or at the low water level in tidal waters. However, in most cases, the highest stresses are in the permanent immersion zone. 2. The values given are only for guidance. Local conditions should be considered because they may affect the actual corrosion rate, which can be lower or higher than the average value given in the table. 3. The values given for 5 and 25 years are based on measurements, whereas the other values are extrapolated.

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 15 Example Durability Calculation

Since corrosion occurs at different Total Thickness Max. Ultimate Depth Pipe Loss for 50 Years Bending Moment rates depending on environment, one ft Face 1 Face 2 Internal in K-ft/ft must design for each of these zones 0 - 5 Splash Soil Soil 0.22 25 to determine which controls. 10 Intertidal Soil Soil 0.141 500

15 Low Water Soil Soil 0.22 600

30 Immersion Soil Soil 0.141 650

60 Soil Soil Soil 0.096 400

Corrosion Zones Corrosion Rate Typical Bending Seawall Distribution Moment Distribution Mean High Water Splash Zone

Mean Low Water Intertidal Zone Anchor

Low Water Zone

Permanent Immersion Zone

Buried Zone Buried Zone (Water Side) (Soil Side)

System Width For a high modulus wall, we will PIPE PROPERTIES assume that we are using a pipe – 48 in pipe system with the system width Diameter equal to the pipe diameter plus a Thickness 0.5 in connector width of 1.25 in. Fy 50 ksi

System Width 49.25 in

Sx 10,857 in³

From the above, we must now Design Minimum Min. Base Pipe Min. Thickness Depth calculate the minimum section Section Modulus Thickness with Corrosion ft modulus for each depth and then in³/ft in in determine the minimum pipe 0 - 5 6.0 0.014 0.124

thickness required based on the 10 120.0 0.277 0.347 ultimate design loads provided. 15 144.0 0.333 0.443

30 156.0 0.362 0.432

60 96.0 0.221 0.269

From this, we can see that a 48”Ø x ½” Grade 50 pipe works.

16 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Applications

Applications of Steel Pipe Steel pipe offers mechanical and physical characteristics that make it one of the most versatile construction products available. As a structural element, steel pipe remains unrivaled when compared to alternate materials. The flexibility offered by the manufacturing process, quality control and low production cost positions steel pipe to be the new shape of steel in many industries.

Bearing Piles

Driven steel piles are a very efficient way to carry loads from structures and one of the most tested elements in the construction industry. Pipe piles offer several advantages over other types of driven piles. The circular shape of the pipe means there is no weak axis and the interior of the pile can be augered out to remove obstructions or socket the pipe into rock. The pipe interior can be filled with reinforced concrete to increase the pile strength. Pipes can be manufactured to extremely long lengths and are easy to handle due to the bending strength-to-weight ratio and lack of a weak axis. The manufacturing process of pipe allows for millions of different combinations of diameters, thicknesses and steel grades.

The manufacturing of spiralweld pipe is especially flexible for thicknesses of one inch or less. The multitude of different diameters, cut to length sections, and speed of production, makes spiralweld a very attractive product for bearing piles.

Rolled and welded pipe is ideal in applications requiring larger-sized pipe or small custom quantities. The Tappan Zee Bridge in New York used tens of thousands of tons of 48 inch diameter pipe. Pipe piles of this size have the capability of carrying thousands of tons of axial load and very high lateral loads.

Several accessories are available to assist the contractor during installation. Inside and outside cutting shoes or conical points are good for hard driving conditions. Points are also useful if the interior of the pipe needs to be kept free of soil. Three different types of splicing mechanisms are also available. Backing rings are used when the pile needs a full penetration butt weld. Drive on and weld fit splicers are used for projects where speed is important and the full bending loads do not need to be carried through the splice.

Drilled Shaft Casing

Pipe casing, temporary or permanent, is often required during the construction of drilled shafts. The casing is used to hold the hole open while the reinforcement cage and concrete are installed. The ability to inspect the bottom of the hole and the elimination of any variations in the diameter of the finished drilled shaft makes for a much higher quality, finished pile. In the “Standard Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Pile Foundations” ASCE recommends a factor of safety that is 38% higher on the structural capacity of drilled shafts without casing, than those with casing.

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 17 Applications

Combination Walls

Large diameter pipes have high bending strengths and are often used in combination sheet pile walls. The combination of large diameter pipe piles and steel sheet piles, which is often referred to as combi-walls, pipe-z walls or king pile walls, makes a very efficient system.

Like other combined walls, the king pile takes the majority of the load and the sheet pile transfers the load to the pipe and to the soil. In most cases, the sheet piles are between 60% and 80% of the length of the pipe pile. The king pile is almost always spiralweld pipe and the flexibility of the manufacturing process makes it easy for the designer to pinpoint the most efficient system. The design of the system assumes that there is no transfer of shear forces across the interlock. Therefore, the offset of the neutral axis, due to the sheet pile, is not taken into account.

Inertiasystem = (Inertiapipe + Inertiasheet pile) / (System Width)

Modulussystem = Inertiasystem / Radiuspipe

Pipe-Z walls are most often used for bulkhead walls for container, cruise and bulk terminals. In addition, they can be used for breakwaters or for high cantilevered retaining walls.

Structural Sections

The symmetry of pipe gives it the same bending strength, in any direction, which makes it an excellent product for the resistance of buckling. The stress required to buckle an axial member decreases with length. The radius of gyration has the opposite effect and increases the ability of a section to resist

buckling. The W and HP sections have different radii of gyration (rx and ry) for the X and Y axes, while remaining constant for a pipe. The end result is that a pipe can take much higher loads for long, unsupported lengths.

Sample: 40 foot axially loaded section

Section ry(in) Weight (lbs/ft) Buckling Load (k)

W 12 x 53 2.48 53 103.9

HP 12 x 53 2.86 53 138.1

12" x 0.375" 4.11 46.6 252.6

The ability of pipes to resist buckling makes them ideally suited for the bracing of cofferdams and for large open structures.

18 Nucor Skyline: Pipe Applications Applications

Threaded Micropile Casing

Micropiles are small diameter, bored cast-in-place piles, with most of the applied load being resisted by steel reinforcement. They are constructed by drilling a borehole, often using casing, then placing steel reinforcement and grouting the hole. Micropiles have a wide range of uses and are becoming a more mainstream method of supporting and resupporting foundations, seismic retrofits, stabilization of slopes and even earth retention.

Micropiles are usually designed in small clusters or groups, with each typically carrying an equal amount of load. These piles may also be designed with a batter to improve the lateral rigidity of the group. They can be designed to resist a combination of compression, tension and lateral forces.

Micropiles are an ideal pile for complex sites where low vibration or low noise levels are required, or where limited access such as low headroom and drilling is difficult. Other site conditions that make micropiles attractive are: obstructions, large cobbles or boulders, nearby sensitive structures, karst topography or high groundwater conditions. The unique characteristics of micropiles make them a perfect solution when other deep foundation methods are not suitable.

Sign Poles, Towers, & Transmission Lines

Sign poles and towers are designed to resist large bending loads at the base of the structure. The availability and wide variety of thicknesses of large diameter pipe allow designers to pick the exact size needed to handle their particular project. Pipes can also be supplied in very long lengths, are simple to splice and easy to drill into hard ground. Reduction collars can facilitate the splicing of different diameters to make the design as efficient as possible.

Mining

Mining operations take place far beneath the surface in hazardous conditions. Personnel, equipment and air shafts are all integral parts of the mine. Vertical pipe sections are often used to construct the shafts. The large range of diameters and thicknesses make steel pipe the material of choice for various shaft requirements. Some of the shafts are hundreds, if not thousands, of feet long and pipe can be supplied in sections with the ends prepped for splicing. Bracing rings can be used to keep the pipe thicknesses to a minimum.

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 19 Applications

Jacked & Bored

The placement of underground utilities is often done with jacked and bored pipe. Sections of pipe are pushed through the ground with hydraulic jacks between excavations or under a hill. The next section of pipe is then spliced onto the first and the jacking continues. Once the jacking is complete, the pipe is cleaned out to install the utilities. This allows the placement of utilities without extensive excavation which can disrupt roads, railroads, homes and businesses.

Line Pipe

Welded steel pipe provides an effective method for transporting liquids, air, and gas. Steel pipe is pound per pound stronger than any other type of line pipe. Pipe can be designed to handle both the internal and external pressures of most applications. Welded steel pipe offers many advantages, such as: strength, economy and ease of installation. Nucor Skyline is SPFA certified and manufactures hydrostatically tested pipe in outside diameters ranging from 103/4” to 90”. Our production process utilizes a double submerged arc weld process in both spiralweld and rolled & welded pipe. Hydrostatically tested pipe lengths range from 30’ to 60’, wall thicknesses from 0.250” to 2.0” and are produced to one of the following industry standards: AWWA C200/ASTM A139/ASTM A134.

20 Nucor Skyline: Pipe www.nucorskyline.com www.nucorskyline.com | 888.450.4330

For technical questions and engineering support, please contact us via our technical hotline at: 866.875.9546 or email us at: [email protected].

About Nucor Skyline A premier steel foundation supplier serving the U.S., Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and Colombia, Skyline Steel, LLC. Skyline Steel, LLC (doing business as Nucor Skyline) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nucor Corporation, 11/20 Edition the largest producer of steel in the United States..