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On Bhutanese and Tibetan Dzongs **
ON BHUTANESE AND TIBETAN DZONGS ** Ingun Bruskeland Amundsen** “Seen from without, it´s a rocky escarpment! Seen from within, it´s all gold and treasure!”1 There used to be impressive dzong complexes in Tibet and areas of the Himalayas with Tibetan influence. Today most of them are lost or in ruins, a few are restored as museums, and it is only in Bhutan that we find the dzongs still alive today as administration centers and monasteries. This paper reviews some of what is known about the historical developments of the dzong type of buildings in Tibet and Bhutan, and I shall thus discuss towers, khars (mkhar) and dzongs (rdzong). The first two are included in this context as they are important in the broad picture of understanding the historical background and typological developments of the later dzongs. The etymological background for the term dzong is also to be elaborated. Backdrop What we call dzongs today have a long history of development through centuries of varying religious and socio-economic conditions. Bhutanese and Tibetan histories describe periods verging on civil and religious war while others were more peaceful. The living conditions were tough, even in peaceful times. Whatever wealth one possessed had to be very well protected, whether one was a layman or a lama, since warfare and strife appear to have been endemic. Security measures * Paper presented at the workshop "The Lhasa valley: History, Conservation and Modernisation of Tibetan Architecture" at CNRS in Paris Nov. 1997, and submitted for publication in 1999. ** Ingun B. Amundsen, architect MNAL, lived and worked in Bhutan from 1987 until 1998. -
6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses
6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses Nestled in the great Himalayas, Bhutan has long been the significance of happiness and peace. The first things that come to one's mind when talking about Bhutan are probably the architectures, the closeness to nature and its strong association with the Buddhist culture. And it is just to say that a huge part of the country's architecture has a strong Buddhist influence. One such distinctive architecture that you will see all around Bhutan are the Dzongs, they are beautiful and hold a very important religious position in the country. Let's talk more about the Dzongs in Bhutan. What are the Bhutanese Dzongs? Wangdue Phodrang Dzong in Bhutan (Source) Dzongs can be literally translated to fortress and they represent the majestic fortresses that adorn every corner of Bhutan. Dzong are generally a representation of victory and power when they were built in ancient times to represent the stronghold of Buddhism. They also represent the principal seat for Buddhist school responsible for propagating the ideas of the religion. Importance of Dzongs in Bhutan Rinpung Dzong in Paro, home to the government administrative offices and monastic body of the district (Source) The dzongs in Bhutan serve several purposes. The two main purposes that these dzongs serve are administrative and religious purposes. A part of the building is dedicated for the administrative purposes and a part of the building to the monks for religious purposes. Generally, this distinction is made within the same room from where both administrative and religious activities are conducted. -
Survey Report on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Kingdom of Bhutan
Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage 2009 International Cooperation Survey Survey Report on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Kingdom of Bhutan March 2011 Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage 報告書(英文)110701最終版_島田.indd 0001 2011/07/25 15:46:01 Contents Introduction 1 Forward 2 Preface 1.Overview of the Survey 5 (1)Purpose and members of the Survey 6 (2)Reasons for survey in Bhutan 7 (3)Cultural Heritage in Bhutan ① Uniqueness of Bhutan from the Viewpoint of Cultural Heritage ② Types of Cultural Heritage in Bhutan 10 (4)Survey Method 2.Overview of the Cultural Heritages Sites Visited 12 (1) Temples 16 (2) Dzongs 28 (3) Other Structures 28 (4) A Bhutanese Festival (Intangible Cultural Heritage) 3.Discussion 37 (1) Summary of Field Survey 45 (2) Potential for Cooperation in the Field of Cultural Heritage Protection 49 (3) Conclusion 4.Survey Records 53 (1) List of Interviewees 54 (2) Record of Action 59 (3) Notes from Interviews 76 (4) Survey Photos 報告書(英文)110701最終版_島田.indd 001 2011/07/25 15:46:01 Introduction Forward The present report is the result of a survey conducted in Bhutan by the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as “the JCIC”) as part of its research on partner countries for international cooperation. The surveys, which are among the primary activities of the JCIC, are for the purpose of collecting basic data in order to determine potential fi elds of cooperation, and their feasibility, in partner countries, thus contributing to the promotion of international cooperation. -
Itinerary Land of the Thunder Dragon Paro – Thimpu – Punakha – Paro Tour Code – CT SPDY 6 Nights – 07 Days
Itinerary Land of the Thunder Dragon Paro – Thimpu – Punakha – Paro Tour Code – CT SPDY 6 nights – 07 days The work of J. R. R. Tolkiens is world famous as a fictional account of magical lands, mystical black mountains, dragons & Kings. Very few know that there is a land where such things are very much real and a part of everyday life. A land whose people call it “Druk – yul” or Land of the Thunder Dragon, a kingdom ruled by a Dragon King, who wears a raven crown. A land of mystical valleys resounding with magic, tranquility and happiness, complete with black mountains and sacred peaks which touch the skies. We invite you to a magical experience in this land, where even in this modern world happiness is given more importance, a world which moves with its own unique pace towards a better and more serene existence. We invite you to visit the Kingdom of Bhutan Creative Travel | [email protected] | page 1 Day 1: Arrive Paro – Thimpu Arrive at Paro International Airport. Welcome on arrival & Transfer to Thimpu. Afternoon visit King’s memorial Chorten and Trashichhoedzong Stay Overnight at the hotel Arrive at Paro International Airport. Our representative will introduce to the vehicle for an interesting 1 ½ hrs drive through scenic Himalayan countryside to your hotel in Thimphu, the modern capital of the Kingdom. Welcome to the Kingdom of Bhutan! Many eastern classics and books of wisdom have referred to the Himalayas as the abode of gods and home to the immortals, resulting in visits to this country by a great many saints, mystics, scholars and pilgrimswho blessed this land and its people with an invaluable spiritual and cultural legacy that has shaped every facet of Bhutanese lives. -
Exploring the Dragon Kingdom
EXPLORING THE DRAGON KINGDOM The Essence of Bhutan 13 Nights and 14 Days No treks but plenty of good day hikes Day 1 BANGKOK TO PARO (8000 feet) Today is your flight to Bhutan. As we near Bhutan (and if the weather is clear), we can see the massive peaks of the eastern Himalaya, including Kanchenchunga (third highest mountain in the world) and Bhutan's holy mountain, Chomolhari. Once we’ve completed visa formalities we proceed through customs and immigration and meet our Bhutanese tour leader and drivers in the arrival gate. We drive for about 20 minutes to Zhiwaling Hotel where will be received with a Chipdrel Ceremony (an elaborate Traditional welcome procession). After settling into our comfortable hotel, we’ll drive a short distance up the valley to Drukyel Dzong, the ruined fortress that protected the Paro Valley from Tibetan armies during the 18th century. If the weather is clear, we might have a glimpse of the white pyramid of Chomolhari, rising over the end of the valley. Today being our first day, we will undergo this gentle 30 minutes hike around the ruined Dzong to acclimatize before we return to our hotel. By early evening we return to our hotel for a welcome dinner and a brief trip orientation session. Zhiwaling Hotel Day 2 PARO We have a full day to explore the Paro Valley. Our first stop in Paro is the Ta Dzong (National Museum), a circular fortress that once protected this valley from Tibetan invasion. The impressive watchtower can be seen above Paro Rimpung Dzong, and it commands sweeping views of the valley below. -
Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project
Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites Department of Culture Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs. Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Page 1 Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Name of the Project: Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Location: Gasa Project Duration: March 2014- June 2018 Main Objectives of the Project: To conserve and rehabilitate Gasa Dzong as a significant heritage site in the country To consolidate and rehabilitate the Dzong structure while maintaining the authentic values associated with this important heritage site To create better living standard for the Dzong residents To build new Drasha for the monks , as the Dzong significantly lacks the capacity to accommodate the growing number of monks. Main activities of the Project: Historical research and documentation of the Dzong Conservation and rehabilitation of the existing Dzong structure Overall site development of the Dzong complex including renovation of courtyard, footpath, walls and entrance gate New construction of Tshokhang and Drasha- five blocks with RCC toilets Installation of firefighting system Publication of the Gasa Dzong Conservation Project Funding Agency: Government of India- For the renovation of Dzong Structure Royal Government of Bhutan- For New Construction of Drasha Total allocated budget in 11thFYP (March 24, 2014- June 2018) Nu. 100 million- from GoI Nu. 66.75 million (as per the estimate)- Royal Government of Bhutan Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Page 2 Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Executing Agency of the Project: The Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs is the main executing agency of the Project. -
Final Technical Report on the Results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-In
UNESCO/Republic of Korea Funds-in-Trust Final Technical Report on the results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-in-Trust Project: Support for the Preparation for the World Heritage Serial Nomination of the Silk Roads in South Asia, 2013- 2016 2016 Final Technical Report on the results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-in-Trust project: Support for the Preparation for the World Heritage Serial Nomination of the Silk Roads in South Asia, 2013-2016 Executing Agency: • UNESCO World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with UNESCO Field Offices in Kathmandu and New Delhi Implementing partners: • National Commissions for UNESCO of Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal • Department of Archaeology of Nepal (DoA) • Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) • Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan • State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China • ICOMOS International • ICOMOS International Conservation Centre – Xi’an (IICC-X) • University College London, UK Written & compiled by: Tim Williams (Institute of Archaeology, University College London) Edited by: Tim Williams, Roland Lin Chih-Hung (Asia and the Pacific Unit, World Heritage Centre, UNESCO) and Gai Jorayev (Institute of Archaeology, University College London) Prepared for publication by Gai Jorayev at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology ISBN: 978-0-9956132-0-1 Creative commons licence: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. Share, copy and redistribute this publication in any medium or format under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit and indicate if changes were made. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. -
Bhutan Sample Itinerary
P a g e | 1 BHUTAN - A KINGDOM OF HAPPINESS New Delhi - Thimphu - Punakha - Paro - Gurgaon 10 Days / 9 Nights 2 Persons Date of Issue: 13 January 2020 Click here to view your Digital Itinerary P a g e | 2 Introduction Accommodation Destination Basis Room Type Duration The Oberoi New Delhi New Delhi B&B 1x Double Room 2 Nights Six Senses Thimphu Thimphu B&B 1x Double Room 2 Nights Six Senses Punakha Punakha B&B 1x Double Room 2 Nights Six Senses Paro Paro B&B 1x Double Room 2 Nights The Oberoi Gurgaon Gurgaon B&B 1x Double Room 1 Night Key B&B: Bed and Breakfast P a g e | 3 Day 1: The Oberoi New Delhi, New Delhi India’s largest city, Delhi, has been one of the country’s commercial and economic hubs for centuries and, as a result, is incredibly rich in culture and history. Made up of the ancient walled city of Old Delhi and the more modern sector, New Delhi, the city encompasses a staggering array of beautiful architecture, notable monuments and age-old temples, including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites – the Red Fort, Qutab Minar and Humayun's Tomb. Other key attractions include the 17th century Chandni Chowk marketplace – still one of the city’s most popular retail centres today, particularly for jewellery and traditional Indian saris; the iconic Bahà’i Lotus Temple – an award-winning architectural gem; and the Jama Masjid, India’s largest mosque. Day Itinerary Our representative will meet you in the arrival area of the airport after you clear all immigration and custom formalities. -
Willkommen Bei WORLD INSIGHT – Modernes Reisen
WillkommenWillkommen bei beiWORLD WORLD INSIGHT INSIGHT – modernes reisen Reisende von heute muss ein Unsere Reisen: Voller Erlebnisse, Abenteuer und immer Reiseveranstalter nicht mehr nahe an Land und Leuten. „an die Hand nehmen“. Statt- „Wir wollen, dass Sie auf unseren Touren mehr erleben. Dass Sie Höhepunkte richtig entdecken und hinter Kulissen schauen. Dass Sie auch abseits der dessen Räume schaffen, um Touristenpfade reisen, um Geheimtipps zu erleben, die Ihnen nur ein orts- ein Land richtig erleben zu kundiger Freund verraten kann. Dabei wollen wir auch die Menschen vor Ort können. Mit genügend Zeit kennen lernen – nicht bei den üblichen touristischen Folkloredarbietungen, für Highlights, für Verborge- sondern ganz natürlich: Finden Sie es nicht auch spannend, in Kambodscha nes, für Begegnungen, für mal eine Dorfschule zu besuchen oder in Neuseeland in einem traditionellen Erlebnisse mit interessierten Marae bei den Maori zu übernachten? Erleben heißt für uns auch „raus gehen“ und den Charterbus mal stehen lassen: Deshalb schlängeln wir uns und interessanten Mitreisen- per Rikscha durch die Straßen Hanois, reisen per Schiff ans schönste Ende den, für sich selbst. Und Amerikas, radeln Seite an Seite mit lächelnden Chinesen entlang des Kaiser- einer Reiseleitung an der kanals, entdecken per Jeep abgelegene Wüstenstädte oder kommen beim Seite, die Hintergründe und Trekking auf dem Inka-Trail mächtig ins Schwitzen. Zeit zum Träumen bleibt Zusammenhänge lebendig natürlich auch: Ob am Lagerfeuer unter Sternenhimmel oder an Robinson- Stränden. Bunt, abwechslungsreich, voller Begegnungen und Erlebnissen, so und unaufdringlich vermittelt. planen wir unsere Reisen!“ Andreas Färber ist einer unserer Produktmanager Unsere Reiseleiter: Profis aus Leidenschaft. „Meine deutschsprachigen Kolleginnen und Kollegen wohnen alle in den entsprechenden Zielgebieten und kennen sowohl die deutsche als auch die einheimische Mentalität. -
A B C ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd western Bhutan 97-9, 101, 165, prayer flags 224 288 248, 250 protective deities 221, 223 Black-necked crane Festival 21, 101 rebirth 217 Black-necked crane information schools 218 centre 99 teachings 218 black-necked cranes 21, 97-9, 101, Wheel of Life 237-8 113, 143, 248-51 bukhari 254 blue poppy 159, 243 Bumthang cultural Trek 166-7, 166 blue sheep 32, 155-8, 161, 168, 174-5, 249 Bumthang Dzonkhag 24, 112-26, 24 bodhisattvas 222-3, 222-3 Bumthang microbrewery 119 Bodo groups 204 Bumthang valley 116 Bon 216 Bunakha 102 a Bondey 85 bus travel 270 acclimatisation 277 books 181, 183, 230 bushwalking, see trekking accommodation 254-5, see also birds 250 business hours 256 individual locations Buddhism 215, 216 activities 19-21, 255-6, see also culture 206 archery, sports C geology 241 calendar, lunar 262 acute Mountain sickness 276-7 history 193, 194, 196, 197, 198, camping 155 air travel 200-2, 205 car travel 15, 271 Himalaya scenery 268 painting 226 cash 260 to/from Bhutan 266-8 plants 243, 244 cell phones 15, 263 within Bhutan 270 Bomdeling Wildlife sanctuary 143, central Bhutan 41, 106-27, 107 altitude illnesses 16, 276-7 249 accommodation 106 animals 246-51, see also individual border crossings 145-6, climate 14, 106 animals 268-70 highlights 106-7 archery 5, 53, 213, 5 British in Bhutan 194-8 itineraries 24, architecture 233-40, 187, see also Bogle, George 195 24 c hakhar Lhakhang 121 chortens, dzongs, goembas, East india company 194-5 lhakhangs, traditional houses Eden, ashley 196-7 chakkar 114-19, -
Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo
Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo Architect, Philosopher and Iron Chain Bridge Builder Manfred Gerner Translated from German by Gregor Verhufen དཔལ་འག་ཞབ་འག་ི ེ་བ། Thangtong Gyalpo: Architect, Philosopher and Iron Chain Bridge Builder Copyright ©2007 the Centre for Bhutan Studies First Published: 2007 The Centre for Bhutan Studies PO Box No. 1111 Thimphu, Bhutan Tel: 975-2-321005, 321111 Fax: 975-2-321001 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt ISBN 99936-14-39-4 Cover photo: Statue of Drupthob Thangtong Gyalpo, believed to have been made by Drupthob himself, is housed in a private lhakhang of Tsheringmo, Pangkhar village, Ura, Bumthang. Photo by Karma Ura, 2007. Block print of Thangtong Gyalpo in title page by Lauf, 1972. To His Majesty, the Druk Gyalpo of the Royal Kingdom of Bhutan, the Bhutanese people and the Incarnation Line of Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo. ནད་མ་འོངམ་ལས་རིམ་ོ། ་མ་འོངམ་ལས་ཟམ། Appease the spirits before they turn foes Build a bridge before the river swells Contents Preface ......................................................................................i I. Biographical notes on Thangtong Gyalpo ...................... 1 The King of the Empty Plains.............................................................. 1 Tibet of his times.................................................................................... 6 Thangtong Gyalpo’s journeys to Bhutan ........................................... 8 Fragments from his life’s work.......................................................... 12 Incarnation lineage............................................................................. -
EDTERRA EDVENTURES PRESENTS BHUTAN: the Mountain Kingdom (Pheuntsholing, Thimphu & Paro)
EDTERRA EDVENTURES PRESENTS BHUTAN: The Mountain Kingdom (Pheuntsholing, Thimphu & Paro) (5N/6D) B-005 www.edterra.com Bhutan, a country that has magic and mysteries, where stories of demons, God and Goddesses is not mere fiction but you see them coming alive with the preserved culture and creative traditions, where religion is infused in all levels of life-a place of fluttering prayer flags, red-robed monks scurrying along the streets, a mind-blowing number of deities and legends and monasteries and stupas on mountain tops and valleys are so mystical that just by the mere thought of being there is thrilling and exhilarating. Bhutan with its ages old culture “the last Buddhist Himalayan Kingdom” breaths unfolded adventure. EdTerra presents 5 night/ 6 day packed adventure to this land of mysticism that showcases this tiny Kingdom and its rich offerings like never before. JOURNEY ITINERARY DAY 1: DELHI – BAGDOGRA – PHUENTSHOLING Fly from Delhi to Bagdogra Lunch upon arrival Drive from Bagdogra to Pheuntsholing (Approx 6-7hrs/165 kms) Proceed for immigration on arrival Dinner Check-in to hotel Overnight in Pheuntsholing DAY 2: PHUENTSHOLING – THIMPU (Approx 7.5 hrs/ 170 kms) Breakfast in the hotel and check out Drive to Zangtog Pelri Lhakhang (located in the town of Kharbandi Gonpa) Proceed to Thimphu (en-route pass through the towns of Gedu, Chukha, Chuzom) Lunch en-route Late evening arrival in Thimphu followed by dinner and hotel check-in Overnight in Thimphu DAY 3: THIMPHU – DOCHE LA PASS – THIMPHU Breakfast in the hotel Drive down to the scenic Dochu La Pass: Students get to view the beautiful Himalayan mountain range along with rows of prayer flags, prayer wheels and a memorial built in the memory of soldiers who lost their lives battling insurgent groups who had penetrated in into the country.