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On Bhutanese and Tibetan Dzongs **
ON BHUTANESE AND TIBETAN DZONGS ** Ingun Bruskeland Amundsen** “Seen from without, it´s a rocky escarpment! Seen from within, it´s all gold and treasure!”1 There used to be impressive dzong complexes in Tibet and areas of the Himalayas with Tibetan influence. Today most of them are lost or in ruins, a few are restored as museums, and it is only in Bhutan that we find the dzongs still alive today as administration centers and monasteries. This paper reviews some of what is known about the historical developments of the dzong type of buildings in Tibet and Bhutan, and I shall thus discuss towers, khars (mkhar) and dzongs (rdzong). The first two are included in this context as they are important in the broad picture of understanding the historical background and typological developments of the later dzongs. The etymological background for the term dzong is also to be elaborated. Backdrop What we call dzongs today have a long history of development through centuries of varying religious and socio-economic conditions. Bhutanese and Tibetan histories describe periods verging on civil and religious war while others were more peaceful. The living conditions were tough, even in peaceful times. Whatever wealth one possessed had to be very well protected, whether one was a layman or a lama, since warfare and strife appear to have been endemic. Security measures * Paper presented at the workshop "The Lhasa valley: History, Conservation and Modernisation of Tibetan Architecture" at CNRS in Paris Nov. 1997, and submitted for publication in 1999. ** Ingun B. Amundsen, architect MNAL, lived and worked in Bhutan from 1987 until 1998. -
6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses
6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses Nestled in the great Himalayas, Bhutan has long been the significance of happiness and peace. The first things that come to one's mind when talking about Bhutan are probably the architectures, the closeness to nature and its strong association with the Buddhist culture. And it is just to say that a huge part of the country's architecture has a strong Buddhist influence. One such distinctive architecture that you will see all around Bhutan are the Dzongs, they are beautiful and hold a very important religious position in the country. Let's talk more about the Dzongs in Bhutan. What are the Bhutanese Dzongs? Wangdue Phodrang Dzong in Bhutan (Source) Dzongs can be literally translated to fortress and they represent the majestic fortresses that adorn every corner of Bhutan. Dzong are generally a representation of victory and power when they were built in ancient times to represent the stronghold of Buddhism. They also represent the principal seat for Buddhist school responsible for propagating the ideas of the religion. Importance of Dzongs in Bhutan Rinpung Dzong in Paro, home to the government administrative offices and monastic body of the district (Source) The dzongs in Bhutan serve several purposes. The two main purposes that these dzongs serve are administrative and religious purposes. A part of the building is dedicated for the administrative purposes and a part of the building to the monks for religious purposes. Generally, this distinction is made within the same room from where both administrative and religious activities are conducted. -
Survey Report on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Kingdom of Bhutan
Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage 2009 International Cooperation Survey Survey Report on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Kingdom of Bhutan March 2011 Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage 報告書(英文)110701最終版_島田.indd 0001 2011/07/25 15:46:01 Contents Introduction 1 Forward 2 Preface 1.Overview of the Survey 5 (1)Purpose and members of the Survey 6 (2)Reasons for survey in Bhutan 7 (3)Cultural Heritage in Bhutan ① Uniqueness of Bhutan from the Viewpoint of Cultural Heritage ② Types of Cultural Heritage in Bhutan 10 (4)Survey Method 2.Overview of the Cultural Heritages Sites Visited 12 (1) Temples 16 (2) Dzongs 28 (3) Other Structures 28 (4) A Bhutanese Festival (Intangible Cultural Heritage) 3.Discussion 37 (1) Summary of Field Survey 45 (2) Potential for Cooperation in the Field of Cultural Heritage Protection 49 (3) Conclusion 4.Survey Records 53 (1) List of Interviewees 54 (2) Record of Action 59 (3) Notes from Interviews 76 (4) Survey Photos 報告書(英文)110701最終版_島田.indd 001 2011/07/25 15:46:01 Introduction Forward The present report is the result of a survey conducted in Bhutan by the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as “the JCIC”) as part of its research on partner countries for international cooperation. The surveys, which are among the primary activities of the JCIC, are for the purpose of collecting basic data in order to determine potential fi elds of cooperation, and their feasibility, in partner countries, thus contributing to the promotion of international cooperation. -
7 DAYS WESTERN BHUTAN TRANQUILITY BT7WBG 13/Jan/2020 to 30/Sep/2021
7 DAYS WESTERN BHUTAN TRANQUILITY BT7WBG 13/Jan/2020 to 30/Sep/2021 TOUR HIGHLIGHTS Highlights Thimphu Kuenselphodrang Nature Park Buddha Dordenma Statue National Memorial Chorten Centenary Farmers Market Tashichho Dzong Post office Weaving centre Simply Bhutan visit with local rice wine and archery Changangkha Lhakhang Afternoon tea with handmade cookies at Amankora Resort Bhutanese craft bazaar Norzin Lam Punakha Dochula Pass Druk Wangyal Chortens The Himalayas Sopsokha Village Chimi Lhakhang Punakha Dzong Punakha Suspension Bridge Paro Bhutanese heritage farmhouse Kyichu Lhakhang Drugyel Dzong Chelela Pass Paro and Haa Valleys Ta Dzong Rinpung Dzong Taktsang Lhakhang D1 SINGAPORE – PARO – THIMPHU Assemble at Singapore Changi Airport for your flight to Paro. Upon arrival, proceed to Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan. Proceed to Kuenselphodrang Nature Park, where you can catch a panoramic view of Thimphu Valley and admire the 169-foot-tall bronze Buddha Dordenma Statue, the largest statue in the country. Proceed to the National Memorial Chorten, a stupa built to honour the late 3rd King Dorji Wangchuck. Visit the Centenary Farmer’s Market, a weekend market famous for its agricultural products. Next, visit Tashichho Dzong, which houses the throne of the King of Bhutan. Meals on board/Lunch/Dinner D2 THIMPHU In the morning, stop at the local post office, where you can get personalised stamps at your own expense. Continue to a weaving centre that produces handwoven textiles and watch skilled weavers at work. Next, visit Simply Bhutan, a living museum whose primary aim is to conserve the culture and customs of traditional Bhutanese life. Visitors get to taste a local rice wine, or ara, and try out archery, Bhutan’s National Sport, during their visit. -
Itinerary Land of the Thunder Dragon Paro – Thimpu – Punakha – Paro Tour Code – CT SPDY 6 Nights – 07 Days
Itinerary Land of the Thunder Dragon Paro – Thimpu – Punakha – Paro Tour Code – CT SPDY 6 nights – 07 days The work of J. R. R. Tolkiens is world famous as a fictional account of magical lands, mystical black mountains, dragons & Kings. Very few know that there is a land where such things are very much real and a part of everyday life. A land whose people call it “Druk – yul” or Land of the Thunder Dragon, a kingdom ruled by a Dragon King, who wears a raven crown. A land of mystical valleys resounding with magic, tranquility and happiness, complete with black mountains and sacred peaks which touch the skies. We invite you to a magical experience in this land, where even in this modern world happiness is given more importance, a world which moves with its own unique pace towards a better and more serene existence. We invite you to visit the Kingdom of Bhutan Creative Travel | [email protected] | page 1 Day 1: Arrive Paro – Thimpu Arrive at Paro International Airport. Welcome on arrival & Transfer to Thimpu. Afternoon visit King’s memorial Chorten and Trashichhoedzong Stay Overnight at the hotel Arrive at Paro International Airport. Our representative will introduce to the vehicle for an interesting 1 ½ hrs drive through scenic Himalayan countryside to your hotel in Thimphu, the modern capital of the Kingdom. Welcome to the Kingdom of Bhutan! Many eastern classics and books of wisdom have referred to the Himalayas as the abode of gods and home to the immortals, resulting in visits to this country by a great many saints, mystics, scholars and pilgrimswho blessed this land and its people with an invaluable spiritual and cultural legacy that has shaped every facet of Bhutanese lives. -
A Cultural and Historical Adventure: Hiking in Vietnam and Bhutan October 8-22, 2018
In Partnership with Asia Academic Experience, LLC A CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ADVENTURE: HIKING IN VIETNAM AND BHUTAN OCTOBER 8-22, 2018 Ann Highum and Jerry Freund are ready to travel again with a group of adventuresome and curious people, in 2018. They are anxious to share their love for SE Asia and its people, culture, history and natural beauty. Bhutan and Vietnam are fascinating countries--safe for travel, culturally fascinating, and historically important. Bhutan, famous for its “happiness index” has been open for tourism for many years, but not so welcoming. They are working to change that, and since their tourism industry is now highly regulated and well managed, our colleague Lana has negotiated a fascinating tour. It is a privilege to have the opportunity to offer this tour to hardy souls who want a unique adventure in both the northern part of Vietnam and then in Bhutan. There will, of course, be a focus on learning on this tour, with local guest speakers and excellent local guides who will share their knowledge about each country with the group. The tour is also based on taking hikes in remarkable areas, interacting with different ethnic tribes to learn about their customs and cultures, staying in guesthouses in small villages, and experiencing each country more fully than is possible in other tours. It is important to note that many of the hiking experiences will involve uneven terrain, long uphill climbs and up to 7 miles per hike. Altitude is also a factor, although the highest areas we would visit are in the range of 7-8000 feet. -
Nepal & Bhutan
Nepal & Bhutan Nepal & Bhutan 10 days | Kathmandu to Kathmandu PRIVATE TOUR: Combine two What's Included Day 1 : Kathmandu Welcome to Nepal and the start of your beautiful Himalayan Kingdoms • 9 breakfasts, 5 lunches & 6 dinners holiday! Pick up and complete a landing card in one magical tour. Enter the including dinner at a Nepali cultural on the plane or in the airport before you go serene and spiritual lands of Nepal evening through customs. Upon arrival you will be met and Bhutan, and experience the • 4 nights standard hotel in Kathmandu, 5 by our representatives and transferred to your nights standard hotel/lodges in Bhutan countries' rich histories and unique hotel where you will receive a welcome drink • Airport arrival and departure transfers cultural heritages. From the brightly and a briefing about your trip. Overnight - • Return economy class return flight Kathmandu coloured fluttering prayer flags of Kathmandu - Paro - Kathmandu Nepal to the elaborate traditional • Guided sightseeing of Kathmandu and Day 2 : Pashupatinath Temple dress of the Bhutanese, these Bhutan as detailed in the itinerary captivating lands cannot fail to • Services of local English speaking tour enchant. guides • All entrance fees to included sites and monuments HIGHLIGHTS AND INCLUSIONS • Services of licensed Nepalese & Bhutanese English speaking tour guides Trip Highlights • All relevant transfers and transportation in • Kathmandu and the Kathmandu Valley - private vehicles Patan Durbar Square, Swayambhunath • Bhutan Visa fee and travel Permit Pagoda, Bodhnath Buddhist stupa and (excludes visa admin fee of USD$20 pp, Enjoy a full day of sightseeing in the various other temples and shrines payable upon arrival) Kathmandu Valley. -
Exploring the Dragon Kingdom
EXPLORING THE DRAGON KINGDOM The Essence of Bhutan 13 Nights and 14 Days No treks but plenty of good day hikes Day 1 BANGKOK TO PARO (8000 feet) Today is your flight to Bhutan. As we near Bhutan (and if the weather is clear), we can see the massive peaks of the eastern Himalaya, including Kanchenchunga (third highest mountain in the world) and Bhutan's holy mountain, Chomolhari. Once we’ve completed visa formalities we proceed through customs and immigration and meet our Bhutanese tour leader and drivers in the arrival gate. We drive for about 20 minutes to Zhiwaling Hotel where will be received with a Chipdrel Ceremony (an elaborate Traditional welcome procession). After settling into our comfortable hotel, we’ll drive a short distance up the valley to Drukyel Dzong, the ruined fortress that protected the Paro Valley from Tibetan armies during the 18th century. If the weather is clear, we might have a glimpse of the white pyramid of Chomolhari, rising over the end of the valley. Today being our first day, we will undergo this gentle 30 minutes hike around the ruined Dzong to acclimatize before we return to our hotel. By early evening we return to our hotel for a welcome dinner and a brief trip orientation session. Zhiwaling Hotel Day 2 PARO We have a full day to explore the Paro Valley. Our first stop in Paro is the Ta Dzong (National Museum), a circular fortress that once protected this valley from Tibetan invasion. The impressive watchtower can be seen above Paro Rimpung Dzong, and it commands sweeping views of the valley below. -
Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project
Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites Department of Culture Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs. Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Page 1 Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Name of the Project: Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Location: Gasa Project Duration: March 2014- June 2018 Main Objectives of the Project: To conserve and rehabilitate Gasa Dzong as a significant heritage site in the country To consolidate and rehabilitate the Dzong structure while maintaining the authentic values associated with this important heritage site To create better living standard for the Dzong residents To build new Drasha for the monks , as the Dzong significantly lacks the capacity to accommodate the growing number of monks. Main activities of the Project: Historical research and documentation of the Dzong Conservation and rehabilitation of the existing Dzong structure Overall site development of the Dzong complex including renovation of courtyard, footpath, walls and entrance gate New construction of Tshokhang and Drasha- five blocks with RCC toilets Installation of firefighting system Publication of the Gasa Dzong Conservation Project Funding Agency: Government of India- For the renovation of Dzong Structure Royal Government of Bhutan- For New Construction of Drasha Total allocated budget in 11thFYP (March 24, 2014- June 2018) Nu. 100 million- from GoI Nu. 66.75 million (as per the estimate)- Royal Government of Bhutan Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Page 2 Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Executing Agency of the Project: The Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs is the main executing agency of the Project. -
An Intimate Journey Through Bhutan, the Last Remaining Himalayan Kingdom
An Intimate Journey Through Bhutan, the Last Remaining Himalayan Kingdom October 17 - 28, 2019 Paro • Thimpu • Punakha • Trongsa • Bumthang • Taktsang Faculty Leader Erika Hoffmann-Dilloway Erika Hoffmann-Dilloway is an associate professor and chair of Anthropology. She has taught a range of classes including Linguistic Anthropology, Language and the Body, and Literacies in Social Context. Convinced of the deep value of experiential learning, in all her courses she strives to create opportunities for students to bring theories to life through interactions outside the classroom. Erika’s research focuses on sign languages, exploring the flexible, multi-modal nature of communicative practices. She has over twenty years of experience conducting fieldwork with Nepali deaf communities, culminating in a recent, award-winning book, titled, Signing and Belonging in Nepal. One of the highlights of her teaching career was bringing a team of Oberlin students to Kathmandu to collaborate in her research there. She has also had the pleasure of co-leading a winter term trip to Indonesia. In her free time, she enjoys hiking, running, and playing music. A Journey Through Bhutan Dear Oberlin Travelers, High in the majestic eastern Himalaya, nestled between Tibet and India, is the small Kingdom of Bhutan, increasingly renowned as one of the Earth’s last precious unspoiled spots. Here, an intact Buddhist culture is integrated into every aspect of daily life. The breathtaking landscape is dotted with fluttering prayer flags, and colorful farmhouses set into terraced fields. Thick forests are alive with bird calls, and panoramic views of the Himalaya unfold. On this ten-day trip you’ll interact with the architects of Bhutan’s national policy of “Gross National Happiness;” will participate in Buddhist rituals explained by learned lamas; will try your hand at making indigenous crafts; and will enjoy a meal with a farming family. -
Final Technical Report on the Results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-In
UNESCO/Republic of Korea Funds-in-Trust Final Technical Report on the results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-in-Trust Project: Support for the Preparation for the World Heritage Serial Nomination of the Silk Roads in South Asia, 2013- 2016 2016 Final Technical Report on the results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-in-Trust project: Support for the Preparation for the World Heritage Serial Nomination of the Silk Roads in South Asia, 2013-2016 Executing Agency: • UNESCO World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with UNESCO Field Offices in Kathmandu and New Delhi Implementing partners: • National Commissions for UNESCO of Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal • Department of Archaeology of Nepal (DoA) • Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) • Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan • State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China • ICOMOS International • ICOMOS International Conservation Centre – Xi’an (IICC-X) • University College London, UK Written & compiled by: Tim Williams (Institute of Archaeology, University College London) Edited by: Tim Williams, Roland Lin Chih-Hung (Asia and the Pacific Unit, World Heritage Centre, UNESCO) and Gai Jorayev (Institute of Archaeology, University College London) Prepared for publication by Gai Jorayev at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology ISBN: 978-0-9956132-0-1 Creative commons licence: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. Share, copy and redistribute this publication in any medium or format under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit and indicate if changes were made. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. -
Postbus 17.233 1001 JE Anst€Ídsm Tel
5e jaargang nr. 1 Nieuwsbrief Rigpa-Nederland april193 RIG Nienrrabrief van de stichting Rigpa postbus 17.233 1001 JE Anst€Ídsm tel. 020 - 623.8V22 \ G Sejaargang nr. 1 Nieuwsbrief Rigpa-Nederland april 1993 Colophon De Rigpa Nieuwsbrief verschijnt drie keer per jaar. MANJUSHRI Een abonnement kost f ?5,- per kalenderjaar. Bij opgave na 1 juli bedragen de abonnementskosten Tnals je ziet heeft deze nieuwsbrief een ander uiter- voor het lopende jaar f. 12,50. Hret opzegen van een lijk gekregen. De redactie heeft besloten om de abonnement dient te geschieden vóór 1 januari van komende tijd de voorkant van de iieuvnbrief te het nieuwe jaar! illustreren met een boeddhafiguur en er tevens iets over te vertellen. Het redactieadres is: Er zijn ontelbaar veel versóillende boeddhavormen Stichting Rigpa in het tantrisch lseddhisms en er zijn ook vele postbus 17233 manieren waaÍop ze ingedeeld worden. De reden 1001JE Amsterdam. hiervoor is dat het absolute, het Dharmakaya, voor- bij vormen is. Het Dharmakaya manifesteert zich De redactie bestaat uit Jolanthe Beretty, Mark Mat- echter in oneindig veel vormen; in elke vorm die thïssen, Hans Sleeboom, Nlmke Valk, Katja Vos en nattspreekt of van toepassing is om op dat moment Eric Soyeux (eindredactie). Medewerkers: Aat van \pezens te helpen. Selm (computer lay-out), Jos Tieman (mailing), Xandra Reelick (transcriptie). Eén van de manieren waaÍop verlióte manifestaties worden ingedeeld ir ds indsling in rnedige, toornige en weugdevolle vormen. N dez*- vonnen, die de uitdrukking zijn van je boeddhanatuur, worden in het tantrisch Boeddhisne gebruikt om een pure visie te ontwikkelen. Je visualiseeft jeznlÍ als een Boeddha in een volkomen zuivere omgeving vol nan verlichte kwaliteiten.